Unit 8 SectionA（4a---4d).课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦现在完成时中for（时间段）与since（时间点）的用法，通过志愿者Teng Fei的经历视频导入，先回顾上单元“过去动作对现在影响”的用法，再延伸至“动作持续至今”的新用法，搭建连贯的语法学习支架。 其亮点在于融合文化品格与思维品质，以志愿者主题渗透社会责任感，通过对比表格辨析for/since差异及现在完成时与一般过去时区别，结合4d小组访谈任务（如询问友谊、玩具等真实话题）提升语言运用能力。总结采用口诀记忆（如“been to去过已回”），助力学生系统掌握语法，教师可依托结构化活动设计高效开展教学。

Making a Difference Unit 8 Section A (4a---4d) Learning Objectives Master the usage of the Present Perfect Tense with for (for durations) and since (for time points); correctly use for / since in sentences; describe personal volunteer experiences and ongoing life events with the target grammar. 语言能力 学习能力 文化品格 思维品质 Master the usage of the Present Perfect Tense with for (for durations) and since (for time points); correctly use for / since in sentences; describe personal volunteer experiences and ongoing life events with the target grammar. Summarize the differences between for and since independently; consolidate grammar rules through sentence-filling, passage-completion and group interview tasks; transfer the grammar to real-life communication contexts. Understand the meaning of volunteer work; cultivate the awareness of mutual help and social responsibility; develop a positive attitude towards contributing to the community. Distinguish the usage scenarios of for and since; analyze the logical relationship between actions and their durations; improve narrative logic when talking about personal experiences. Watch and fill Hi, I’m Teng Fei. ________ a volunteer at the nursing home ______ last year. _____________ with the elderly to help them stay active, and __________ Chinese chess with them too. _____________ some of them how to use a mobile phone. _______ many lonely elderly people there. ____ I started volunteering, ___________ to their interesting life stories and _______ to care for them. Volunteering _________ me happy, and I want to keep doing it. I’ve been since I’ve exercised I’ve played I’ve even taught I’ve met Since I’ve listened learned has made Hi, I’m Teng Fei. ________ a volunteer at the nursing home ______ last year. _____________ with the elderly to help them stay active, and __________ Chinese chess with them too. _____________ some of them how to use a mobile phone. _______ many lonely elderly people there. ____ I started volunteering, ___________ to their interesting life stories and _______ to care for them. Volunteering _________ me happy, and I want to keep doing it. I’ve been since I’ve exercised I’ve played I’ve even taught I’ve met Since I’ve listened learned has made What tense does Tengfei use to talk about his volunteer experiences? have/has + 过去分词 Watch and fill 用法(一) ①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作，对现在造成的影响或结果，重点强调“动作和现在的联系”。 我上周看了这部电影。 I watched the movie last weekend. 现在 过去 将来 站在现在回望过去 我了解这部电影。 I know this movie. 我看过这部电影。 I have already watched the movie. 了解电影的内容 用法一上个单元已讲,这里简要回顾即可. 用法(二) ②表示某一动作或状态从_____某一时间开始，并一直持续到____，可以和表示_______的时间状语连用。 我在2020年成为了一名志愿者。 I became a volunteer in 2020. 现在 过去 将来 我现在仍然是一名志愿者。 I'm still a volunteer now. 我看过这部电影。 I have been a volunteer since 2020/since six years ago/for six years. 一直持续到现在 过去 现在 延续 用法(二) ②表示某一动作或状态从_____某一时间开始，并一直持续到____，可以和表示_______的时间状语连用。 过去 现在 延续 现在完成时 时间标志词 谓语动词的特点 辨析:现在完成时&一般过去时 用法(二) 时间标志词 ①Tom is in the youth group now. He joined the group two weeks ago. Tom has been in the youth group since two weeks ago. ②I have a camera. I bought it in 2023. I have had a camera since 2023. ③Grace lives in this village. She started to live here when she was born. Grace has lived in this village since she was born. ④My sister works as an animal helper now. She got this job last year. My sister has worked as an animal helper for one year. 用法(二) 时间标志词 Tom has been in the youth group since two weeks ago. I have had a camera since 2023. Grace has lived in this village since she was born. My sister has worked as an animal helper for one year. How are for and since used differently? for + 时间段 for two years, for ten hours ... since last August since two years ago since I joined the club since+具体时间 since+ 时间段 + ago since+一般过去时的句子 since+ 时间点 用法(二) 时间标志词 注意: ① for和since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 我的叔叔已经在这个工厂工作5年了。 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago. ② 对 for 与 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 how long。 他在这个团队里已经两年了。 He has been in the team for two years. 对划线部分提问 他在这个团队里多久了？ How long has he been in the team? 用法(二) 时间标志词 1. I have known my best friend ________ we were in Grade 7. 2. She has lived in this neighborhood ________ 10 years. 3. He has had this toy car ________ he was five years old. 4. We have studied in this school ________ three years. 5. They have been married ________ 2018. 6. My mom has worked in this hospital ________ five years ago. 7. I have kept this book ________ two weeks. 8. He has played the piano ________ he was 6. 9. We have known each other ________ a long time. 10. She has been a teacher ________ 2015. Practice makes perfect. since for since since since since since for for for 用法(二) 谓语动词的特点 (1)这本书我已经买了三年了。 I’ve bought the book for three years. I’ve had the book for three years. 翻译: (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了? How long has your brother joined the army? How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? 注意:当现在完成时与表示持续性时间的状语连用时,该句中的动作或状态需要持续,因而需与延续性动词连用。 什么是延续性动词? 什么是非延续性动词? 用法(二) 谓语动词的特点 表示能够持续的动作(如 be、have、keep、own、live、know 等),强调经过、经历,可以与表示延续的时间状语连用。 表示不能持续的动作(如arrive、buy、start、meet、join、see 等),强调行为的结果,不能与表示延续的时间状语连用(否定句可以)。 非延续性动词 延续性动词 ①我在这里居住了十年了。 I have lived here for ten years. ①他已经到达北京了。 He has arrived in Beijing. ②我从那时起就认识她了。 I’ve known her since then. ①他已经到达北京两天了。 He has been in Beijing for two days. become borrow buy put on get to know catch a cold 用法(二) 谓语动词的特点 非延续性动词 延续性动词 ①非延续性动词(短语)转换为相应的延续性动词(短语)。 → be → keep → have → wear → know → have a cold ①非延续性动词(短语)转换为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词等”。 begin/start go out die open finish fall ill get up leave fall asleep join make friends come/go → be on → be out → be dead →be open → be over → be ill →be up → be away(from) → be asleep →be in/be a member of → be friends → be + 相应的介词短语 用法(二) 谓语动词的特点 非延续性动词 延续性动词 1. She ______ (buy) this dress 2 years ago. 2. He ______ (join) the football team last year. 3. The film ______ (begin) 15 minutes ago. 4. They ______ (leave) Beijing three days ago. Practice makes perfect. bought joined began left → She __________ it for 2 years. → He ________ a member of the team for one year. → The film _____________ for 15 minutes. → They ___________________ Beijing since three days ago. has had has been has been on have been away from 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心含义 表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态,和现在无关。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；也可以表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态，一直持续到现在。 时间标志 明确表示过去的时间状语: yesterday, last week, just now, in 2020, three days ago… 无具体的过去的时间 already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, before, twice…, for/since... 结构 主语 + 动词过去式 + ... 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + ... 例句 她昨天借了这本书。 她已经借了这本书了。 She borrowed the book yesterday. She has already borrowed the book. 用法(二) 辨析:现在完成时&一般过去时 用法(二) 拓展辨析: 短语 含义 关键区别 have/has been to have/has been in have/has gone to 曾经去过某地 （人已回来） 一直在某地 （人仍在那里） 去了某地 （人还没回来） 强调“经历”，去过但现在不在那里了 强调“状态延续”，常和for/since连用 强调“动作结果”，人不在说话现场 她去过北京两次(现在不在北京)。 She has been to Beijing twice. 他在上海待了3年(现在还在上海)。 He has been in Shanghai for 3 years. 他们去图书馆了(现在不在这儿)。 They have gone to the library. 万能记忆口诀： -  been to: 去过已回,谈经历 -  been in: 待在某地,谈时长 -  gone to: 去了未回,谈去向 用法(二) 谓语动词的特点 My sister ____________ Shanghai. She isn’t at home now. I ____________ Shanghai three times. I know it well. He ____________ Nanjing for five years. They ___________ Qingdao. They will come back next week. She ___________ Beijing before. Practice makes perfect. has gone to have been to has been in have gone to 拓展辨析: 用 have/has been to / gone to / been in 填空 has been to 用法(二) 表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，并一直持续到现在，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 现在完成时 时间标志词 谓语动词的特点 辨析:现在完成时 &一般过去时 Summary for + 时间段 since+ 时间点 延续性动词 4a Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently? Have you been to our animal shelter before? No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has volunteered here for a long time. Has she ever done volunteer work? Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a nursing home since last August. How long have you been a volunteer? I have been a volunteer here for a few months. How long has he worked as a volunteer at the museum? He has volunteered here since his summer holidays started. 4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and for or since. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She __________ (teach) English to the soldiers ______ three years. I _________ (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a lot of friends ______ I joined the organization. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer ______ two years now. ______ he started working there, he _________ (help) many students. The organization __________ (train) over 6,000 volunteers ______ it began to offer classes three years ago. has taught for have been since for Since has helped has trained since Tip： Find out the key phrases. /ˈɑːmi/ n.陆军;军队 /ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 主要的;初级的;小学的 4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I love being a volunteer! I ___________ (work) with a sports organization for almost three years now. Since I started, I ___________ (help) out at over ten different sports events. I ___________ (make) many new friends and I _____ even ______ (meet) many famous athletes. For example, I ______ (meet) two national football players from Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a charity match. The stadium ______ (be) so big that they ______ (get) lost. I gave them directions and they ______ (smile) and ______ (thank) me warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer. have worked have helped have made have met met was got smiled thanked Tip： Find out the key phrases. /ˌɑːdʒənˈtiːnə/ n.阿根廷 /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善;慈善机构 /ˈwɔːmli/ adv. 温暖地;热情地 Read and answer 1. What volunteer work does the girl do? 2. Where does she usually work? 3. Who does she serve? 4. How long has she been a volunteer? 5. How does she feel about her work? She works with a sports organization and helps out at sports events. She also gives directions to people in need. She usually works at sports events and stadiums. She serves athletes, players and people who need help at sports events. She has been a volunteer for almost three years. She loves being a volunteer and is proud of her work. 4d Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share the answers with the class. How long have you... • known your best friend / ...? • had your favourite toy / ...? • lived in your neighbourhood / ...? What other questions would you like to ask? Friendship Toy Neighbourhood Friendship Who has had the longest friendship? -How long have you known your best friend? -When did you meet him or her? Topic 1 Topic 2 Toy Which toy have you owned the longest? -How long have you had your favourite toy? -What toy is it? -When did you get it? Who has lived in the neighbourhood the longest? -How long have you lived in your neighbourhood? -Where do you live? -When did you begin to live there? Topic 3 Neighbourhood Choose one topic. Work in groups of four. One is the interviewer, the others are interviewees. Group work Questions Interviewee 1 Interviewee 2 Interviewee 3 How long have you... 1. 2. 3. 4. Reporter: Ask questions. Interviewees: Answer the questions. Recorder: Complete the table above. Representative: Share the group’s results. Group work Report: Good morning, everyone. In our group, we asked about ______. ______ has known his/her best friend for ______ years. He/She met him/her in ______. ... $