专题 04 七选五 （期末复习专项训练）高二英语下学期

**基本信息** 聚焦七选五题型，按“人与自我”“人与社会”“人与自然”三大主题分类训练，通过真实期末真题强化语篇逻辑衔接能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |人与自我|6篇（如心理调节、习惯养成）|考查上下文语义连贯，含因果、例证逻辑|以个人成长话题为载体，训练主题句与支撑句衔接| |人与社会|6篇（如公共图书馆使用、人际沟通）|侧重段落过渡与观点递进，含对比、建议逻辑|围绕社会现象构建语篇，培养逻辑推理能力| |人与自然|6篇（如生态保护、极地微生物）|突出说明性文本结构，含问题-解决方案逻辑|结合自然科学主题，强化语篇框架分析能力|

专题 04 七选五（期末复习专项训练） 话题类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1（2025高二下·广东省广州市天河区·期末） Fire has been a crucial tool for humans for over a million years. It allowed our ancestors to cook food, stay warm, and see in the dark. Despite its importance, there is a puzzling gap in evidence regarding its use during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). 1 which was marked by extremely cold temperatures, making fire essential for survival. Recent studies have begun to shed light on this mystery. 2 These fireplaces, constructed with remarkable skill, provide valuable insights into the use of fire during this period. They were designed to burn wood, primarily spruce, at temperatures above 600°C． Such high temperatures suggest a complicated understanding of fire-making techniques. 3 which suggests that fire was used less frequently during the LGM. This raises questions about why these fireplaces were so rare. Several theories have been proposed to explain this shortage. One possibility is that the extreme cold prevented the growth of trees, limiting the availability of wood for fuel. Another theory suggests that harsh environmental conditions may have destroyed evidence of past fires. 4 Alternatively, it’s possible that people used fire less frequently during the LGM, relying on other methods for warmth and cooking. 5 Fire was not just a simple tool but a key element that shaped the way our ancestors lived and survived in harsh conditions. Further research and discoveries of ancient fireplaces will continue to brighten this aspect of our pre-historic past. A．It is the coldest part of the last Ice Age, B．Both theories are widely accepted by scientists. C．Fire-making skills were common in various places. D．However, there is little evidence of widespread fire use, E．Researchers discovered three ancient fireplaces dating back to the LGM. F．Studying fire is crucial for understanding our adaptation to extreme climates. G．Specifically, cold climate may have led to the lack of archaeological findings. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．G 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了末次冰盛期（LGM）人类用火证据缺失的谜团，分析了可能的自然限制或技术原因，并强调火对远古人类生存的关键作用。 【详解】1．上文“Despite its importance, there is a puzzling gap in evidence regarding its use during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).(尽管其重要性不言而喻，但在末次冰盛期（LGM）期间其使用情况的相关证据却存在一个令人费解的空白。)”提到了末次冰盛期（LGM），A选项“这是最后一次冰河时代中最寒冷的时期。”是对LGM的补充说明，且与下文的定语从句“which was marked by extremely cold temperatures, making fire essential for survival.(那里气温极其低，因此生火对于生存来说至关重要。)”构成主从复合句。故选A项。 1．下文“These fireplaces, constructed with remarkable skill, provide valuable insights into the use of fire during this period.(这些精心建造的壁炉充分展现了高超的技艺，为我们提供了关于这一时期人们使用火的宝贵信息。)”提到了一些精心建造的壁炉，选项E中fireplaces是关键词，直接提供下文所指对象，所以E选项“研究人员发现了三处可追溯至末次冰盛期的古老火炉。”符合语境。故选E项。 2．上文“Such high temperatures suggest a complicated understanding of fire - making techniques.(如此高的温度表明古人对于制火技术有着复杂的理解。)”提到了制火技术的先进，下文“which suggests that fire was used less frequently during the LGM.(这表明在末次盛冰期期间，人类使用火的频率要低得多。)”提到了火的使用频率低，说明此处上下文之间是转折关系，选项D中However是关键词，与上文构成转折关系，所以D选项“然而，几乎没有证据表明火的使用范围很广泛”符合语境，且与下文which引导的定语从句构成主从复合句。故选D项。 3．上文“Several theories have been proposed to explain this shortage. One possibility is that the extreme cold prevented the growth of trees, limiting the availability of wood for fuel. Another theory suggests that harsh environmental conditions may have destroyed evidence of past fires.(有几种理论被提出以解释这种匮乏现象。一种可能性是极度寒冷的气候阻碍了树木的生长，从而减少了可用作燃料的木材数量。另一种理论认为，恶劣的环境条件可能已经破坏了过去火灾留下的痕迹。)”提出了“极端寒冷限制树木生长“和“环境破坏证据”两个理论。G选项“具体来说，寒冷的气候可能导致缺乏考古发现。”承接上文，是对第二个理论的细化。故选G项。 4．下文“Fire was not just a simple tool but a key element that shaped the way our ancestors lived and survived in harsh conditions.(火不仅仅是一种简单的工具，它还是一个关键因素，影响着我们祖先在恶劣环境中的生活与生存方式。)”强调了火对生存的关键作用。F选项“研究火对于理解我们如何适应极端气候至关重要。”能概括本段内容，适合在段首用作本段主题句。故选F项。 Passage 2（2025高二下·甘肃省多校·期末） What If Your Roommate Has a Mental Health Condition? Living with a roommate who suffers from a mental health condition like anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder can be stressful. 1 But it’s also important to look out for yourself. Here are some useful tips: Ask How You Can Be Supportive 2 If they say they need peace and quiet in the morning, do your best to honour that request. Don’t assume you understand how they feel. If they’d like to talk, provide a listening ear. Talk Face-to-Face First and foremost, don’t try to solve problems in an email or through texting. It’s too easy to misunderstand what someone means when you can’t hear their tone of voice or see their body language. 3 Not only are people more likely to be unkind on social media, but the whole world also becomes privy (知情的) to your private business. Talking face-to-face is a must. 4 Speaking about your feelings rather attacking the other person is one of the most important ways to handle conflict with anyone. Instead of saying, “You play loud music late at night,” you might say, “I have a hard time sleeping when music’s coming from your room after 11 o’clock.” When you speak about your own feelings and experiences, your roommate won’t be triggered (引发) to defend themselves. If All Else Fails, Move Certain situations aren’t fixable. If you’ve expressed your concerns to your roommate, made concessions (让步) yourself, and nothing is changing, you may need to move to a different room or look for a new roommate or a new apartment. 5 A．Use “I” Statements. B．Practise Self-Care. C．In cases like these, greater attention and patience are required. D．Remember: your mental health needs to come first. E．Don’t think of how you’re going to prove them wrong while they’re speaking. F．Rather than tell your roommate what you think they should do, ask how you can be of help. G．And under no conditions should you ever try to deal with disagreement on social media. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与患有心理健康问题（如焦虑、抑郁或双相情感障碍）的室友同住时的应对策略。 【详解】6．上文“Living with a roommate who suffers from a mental health condition like anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder can be stressful. (与患有焦虑、抑郁或双相情感障碍等心理健康问题的室友住在一起可能会带来压力。)”说明和精神有问题的室友一起住可能会有压力，下文“But it’s also important to look out for yourself. (但照顾好自己也很重要。)”的But表转折，故可推测出空格处承上启下，也是说要照顾好室友，选项C“In cases like these, greater attention and patience are required.(在这种情况下，需要更多的关注和耐心。)”符合题意，表示在室友有精神问题的情况下，要对他给予更多的关注和耐心，照顾室友的感受,然后转折到下文照顾室友的同时也要照顾好自己。故选C项。 1．下文“If they say they need peace and quiet in the morning, do your best to honour that request. (如果他们说他们早上需要和平与宁静，请尽最大努力满足这一要求。)”中提出了具体实例的假设，说明前文空格处应该是这个情况的整体论述，选项F “Rather than tell your roommate what you think they should do, ask how you can be of help.(不要告诉你的室友你认为他们应该做什么，而是问你怎么能帮忙。)”符合题意，从整体上给出了一个建议，即要问你的室友自己能怎么提供帮助，前后你问室友答的顺序也符合逻辑。故选F项。 2．上文“First and foremost, don’t try to solve problems in an email or through texting. It’s too easy to misunderstand what someone means when you can’t hear their tone of voice or see their body language. (首先，不要试图通过电子邮件或短信来解决问题。当你听不见他们的语调或看不到他们的肢体语言时，很容易误解他们的意思。)”指出解决问题时不要通过电子邮件或短信，因为会误解对方的意思，下文“Not only are people more likely to be unkind on social media, but the whole world also becomes privy to your private business. (人们不仅更有可能在社交媒体上表现得不友善，而且整个世界都会了解你的私人事务。)”从上文的电子邮件或短信转而谈论社交媒体上的问题，说明空格处应该承上启下，选项G“And under no conditions should you ever try to deal with disagreement on social media. (在任何情况下，你都不应该试图在社交媒体上处理分歧。)”符合题意，由上文建议不使用电子邮件等转而谈论不要试图在社交媒体上处理分歧。故选G项。 3．设空处为本段的小标题，首先注意所选选项应该简洁，和其他小标题类似，使用祈使句。根据下文“Speaking about your feelings rather attacking the other person is one of the most important ways to handle conflict with anyone. (谈论你的感受，而不是攻击对方，是处理与任何人冲突的最重要方式之一。)”可知，本段主要是建议表达自我的感受，而不是攻击对方，可推断出本段的建议应该是从自己的感受出发，该怎么做。选项A“Use ‘I’ Statements. (使用‘我’的表述。)”符合题意，与下文的“Speaking about your feelings (谈论你的感受)”如出一辙。故选A项。 4．上文“Certain situations aren’t fixable. If you’ve expressed your concerns to your roommate, made concessions yourself, and nothing is changing, you may need to move to a different room or look for a new roommate or a new apartment .(某些情况是无法解决的。如果你已经向室友表达了你的担忧，自己做出了让步，但一切都没有改变，你可能需要搬到另一个房间，或者寻找新的室友或新公寓。)”说明解决室友精神问题无望后需要做的离开的选择，空格处为本段最后一句，对前文进行总结，选项D“Remember: your mental health needs to come first. (记住：你的心理健康是第一位的。)”延续本段语义，表示在处理这些问题时，最重要的还是要照顾好自己，符合上文所述的如果调解失败，可以选择离开。故选D项。 Passage 3（2025高二下·福建省福州市福九联盟·期末） Tang Poetry: Bridges Across Time Tang poetry, reaching its golden age during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), reflects society, nature, and human emotions with striking clarity. 1 Now let’s uncover how these verses still speak to modern hearts. 2 The “lüshi ”(律诗), an eight-line poem with demanding tonal rules, often describes landscapes or philosophical reflections. For instance, Li Bai’s Drinking Alone Under the Moon uses rhythmic patterns to combine loneliness with universal wonder, proving that structure fuels creativity rather than limiting it. These poems explore permanent themes.They convey joys and sorrows mirroring today’s struggles.Wang Wei’s Deer Enclosure presents solitude through an empty mountain forest, while Du Fu’s Spring Prospect expresses his sadness about war’s destruction using wilted flowers. 3 4 Translations of Wang Wei’s nature poems inspired 19th-century French Impressionists, while Ezra Pound’s adaptations of Li Bai reshaped Western modernist poetry. Today, AI programs analyze Tang metrics(诗韵) to compose new “ancient-style” verses, integrating tradition with technology.   In Chinese education, Tang poetry is irreplaceable. Students memorize verses not just for exams but to connect with their heritage. 5 A 2023 study found students analyzing A Night Mooring at Maple Bridge improved metaphor interpretation skills by 40% compared to peers studying only modern texts. Teachers call it “emotional time travel” that bridges past and present. More than relics, Tang poems are alive — quoted in speeches, sung in pop songs, and even inspiring AI-generated art. Their endurance lies in speaking the unspoken, whether in 800 AD or the digital age. A．Tang poetry’s influence still evolves creatively. B．Remarkably, Tang poetry bridges East and West. C．Strict formats are seen as tools for artistic expression. D．Scholars use these poems to study Tang Dynasty fashion trends. E．Additionally, it contributes to cultivating the ability of thinking. F．Meanwhile, it reveals the inclusive, optimistic and brave spirit of the times. G．Such imagery connects modern readers to Tang-era hardships and hopes. 【答案】1．F 2．C 3．G 4．A 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章阐述唐诗在唐代达鼎盛，以严谨格式表达情感与哲思，主题永恒，影响跨中西且与时俱进，在教育中不可或缺，至今仍具生命力。 【详解】11．根据上文“Tang poetry, reaching its golden age during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), reflects society, nature, and human emotions with striking clarity.(唐诗在唐朝（公元618到907年）达到了鼎盛时期，它以极高的清晰度展现了社会、自然以及人类的情感)”可知，前文提到唐诗精准反映社会、自然与情感，本句补充其对时代精神的体现，自然过渡到“唐诗如何打动现代人”的主题。故F选项“同时，它也展现了那个时代包容、乐观和勇敢的精神。”符合语境，故选F。 1．根据后文“The “lüshi ”(律诗), an eight-line poem with demanding tonal rules, often describes landscapes or philosophical reflections. For instance, Li Bai’s Drinking Alone Under the Moon uses rhythmic patterns to combine loneliness with universal wonder, proving that structure fuels creativity rather than limiting it.(“律诗”是一种由八行组成、有着严格音韵规则的诗歌形式，常用来描绘自然景色或进行哲学思考。例如，李白的《月下独酌》就通过韵律的运用将孤独与普遍的惊奇融合在一起，证明了结构能够激发创造力而非对其加以限制)”可知，后文以律诗为例，说明李白《月下独酌》通过韵律激发创造力，C句直接点出“格式并非束缚而是工具”，与例子呼应。故C选项“严格的格式被视为艺术表达的工具。”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据上文“These poems explore permanent themes.They convey joys and sorrows mirroring today’s struggles. Wang Wei’s Deer Enclosure presents solitude through an empty mountain forest, while Du Fu’s Spring Prospect expresses his sadness about war’s destruction using wilted flowers.(这些诗歌探讨的是永恒的主题。它们传达了喜怒哀乐，反映了当今的种种困境。王维的《鹿柴》通过一片空旷的山林展现了孤独之感，而杜甫的《春望》则通过凋零的花朵表达了对战争破坏的悲痛之情)”可知，前文列举王维《鹿柴》的孤寂、杜甫《春望》的战乱之痛，G 句说明这些意象让古今情感相通，强化“永恒主题”的观点。故G选项“这种意象将现代读者与唐朝时期的艰难困苦和希望联系起来。”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据后文“Translations of Wang Wei’s nature poems inspired 19th-century French Impressionists, while Ezra Pound’s adaptations of Li Bai reshaped Western modernist poetry. Today, AI programs analyze Tang metrics(诗韵) to compose new “ancient-style” verses, integrating tradition with technology.(王维的自然诗作的译文启发了19世纪的法国印象派画家，而埃兹拉·庞德对李白诗作的改编则重塑了西方现代主义诗歌。如今，人工智能程序通过分析唐诗的韵律来创作新的“古风”诗篇，将传统与科技相融合)”可知，后文提到王维诗歌启发法国印象派、庞德改编李白影响西方现代诗，以及AI用诗韵创作新诗，A 句概括这种“持续且创新的影响”。故A选项“唐诗的影响仍在不断创新发展。”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“In Chinese education, Tang poetry is irreplaceable. Students memorize verses not just for exams but to connect with their heritage.(在中国的教育体系中，唐诗是不可或缺的一部分。学生们背诵诗歌不仅是为了应试，更是为了与自己的文化传统建立联系)”以及后文“A 2023 study found students analyzing A Night Mooring at Maple Bridge improved metaphor interpretation skills by 40% compared to peers studying only modern texts. Teachers call it “emotional time travel” that bridges past and present.( 2023年的一项研究发现，学生在分析《枫桥之夜系泊》时，其比喻理解能力比只学习现代文本的同龄人提高了40%。教师们称这种学习方式为“情感时间旅行”，它将过去与现在连接了起来)”可知，前文说学生通过唐诗连接文化遗产，E 句补充其对思维的培养，与后文“分析《枫桥夜泊》提升隐喻理解能力 40%”的研究结果呼应。故E选项“同时，它有助于培养思考能力。”符合语境，故选E。 Passage 4（2025高二下·广东省清远市·期末） Research shows that past adversity can help you persevere in the face of current stress. Those who experienced a moderate level of adversity reported better mental health and well-being compared to those with either severe adversity or none at all. 1 They increase empathy(共情). 2 Difficult experiences can help you better identify with others’ challenges and see things from their perspective. Having struggled yourself, you’re more likely to respond with understanding rather than judgment. They can lead to post-traumatic growth (创伤后成长) (PTG). Many may know about post-traumatic stress disorder, but how many have heard of PTG? 3 PTG often includes renewed appreciation for life, enhanced personal strength, and stronger relationships. 4 Finding the positive side in difficult times can be challenging, especially when things feel out of control. Yet finding the upside to adversity changes the way people deal with difficult situations. It encourages people to seek support, increases hope and promotes healthier responses to stress. They help you reinterpret stress as a challenge. Past struggles remind you of your ability to overcome difficulties. 5 This shift leads to enhanced concentration, improved performance, and greater confidence. People with a challenge-focused outlook report lower levels of depression and anxiety, along with higher levels of energy, work performance and life satisfaction. If you’re experiencing a tough time right now, remember that past struggles, even small ones, have given you some ability to manage this moment. A．They help you find the good. B．They decrease your stress levels dramatically. C．Past struggles can help you become stronger in multiple ways. D．They build your confidence to view stress as a challenge, not a threat. E．PTG doesn’t imply people are unaffected by what they’ve been through. F．In today’s world, leading and living with empathy is more important than ever. G．The term describes the positive change after going through a significantly stressful event. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，过去的逆境可以帮助你在面对当前压力时坚持下去。与那些经历过严重逆境或根本没有逆境的人相比，那些经历过中度逆境的人报告了更好的心理健康和幸福感。 【详解】16．根据前文“Those who experienced a moderate level of adversity reported better mental health and well-being compared to those with either severe adversity or none at all.( 与那些经历过严重逆境或根本没有逆境的人相比，那些经历过中度逆境的人报告了更好的心理健康和幸福感。)”指出经历适度逆境的人心理健康状况更好，以及后文具体阐述逆境在多个方面的积极作用，C 选项“Past struggles can help you become stronger in multiple ways.( 过去的挣扎能帮助你在多个方面变得更强。)”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文对逆境积极影响的具体介绍。故选C项。 1．该段小标题是“They increase empathy (共情).( 它们增加共情。)”F选项“In today’s world, leading and living with empathy is more important than ever.( 在当今世界，带着共情去引领和生活比以往任何时候都更重要。)”进一步强调了共情的重要性，与小标题相呼应。故选F项。 2．根据前文“Many may know about post - traumatic stress disorder, but how many have heard of PTG?( 很多人可能知道创伤后应激障碍，但有多少人听说过创伤后成长呢？)”提到创伤后成长。G 选项“The term describes the positive change after going through a significantly stressful event.( 这个术语描述了经历重大压力事件后的积极变化。)”对 PTG 进行了解释，符合语境。故选G项。 3．该段下文“Finding the positive side in difficult times can be challenging, especially when things feel out of control. Yet finding the upside to adversity changes the way people deal with difficult situations.( 在困难时期找到积极的一面是很有挑战性的，尤其是当事情失去控制的时候。然而，发现逆境的好处会改变人们处理困难情况的方式。)”可知，本段讲述了在逆境中寻找积极面，A 选项“They help you find the good.( 它们帮助你找到好的方面。)”作为小标题合适。故选A项。 4．根据前文“Past struggles remind you of your ability to overcome difficulties.( 过去的挣扎让你想起自己克服困难的能力。)”D选项“They build your confidence to view stress as a challenge, not a threat.( 它们建立你将压力视为挑战而非威胁的信心。)”进一步说明过去的挣扎带来的积极影响，与后文“This shift leads to enhanced concentration, improved performance, and greater confidence.( 这种转变会导致注意力增强、表现提升和信心增强。)”相衔接。故选D项。 Passage 5（2025高二下·福建省泉州市四校联考·期末） Every year, Tyler VanderWeele chooses a six-week period to do things for others that might ordinarily seem too inconvenient. 1 He might give a friend an unexpected gift, invite someone out for coffee, set aside time at work to support a colleague, or bring a family member’s favorite food to the dinner table. 2 Such acts of kindness can not only make the giver and recipient feel good, but they can also promote our psychological and physical health in surprising ways. There’s convincing evidence that kindness is linked with a number of aspects of health and well-being. Some studies have indicated it can improve happiness and a sense of engagement with life and reduce symptoms of anxiety. 3 An international trial published online by Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology suggested that kindness decreases social isolation and loneliness, which are increasingly linked to a variety of negative health effects. There’s growing research that our bodies benefit too, with kindness associated with lower blood pressure and stress levels. And focused efforts matter. 4 Performing five selfless acts on a single day each week for six weeks, as VanderWeele does, benefits more than spreading them over the course of a week. For instance, consistent volunteerism, a form of sustained kindness, is connected with living longer and functioning better as we age. But is kindness born or made? How can kindness be developed? It may be more challenging for some, but reflecting on times when others have been kind to you can create more kindness. Pick one day a week for six straight weeks to do five kind things. 5 A．His good deeds are many and varied. B．That person goes on to act more kindly. C．Over time, you can become a kinder person D．It also increases a sense of social connectedness. E．You may believe yourself to be a very kind person. F．These examples are more than just random displays of generosity. G．Concentrating on kind gestures enhances well-being more powerfully 【答案】1．A 2．F 3．D 4．G 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了Tyler VanderWeele定期做善事的行为，以及善举对个人身心健康和社交关系的积极影响，并探讨了如何培养善良。 【详解】21．由上文“Every year, Tyler VanderWeele chooses a six-week period to do things for others that might ordinarily seem too inconvenient. (每年，Tyler VanderWeele都会选择一个为期六周的时间段，为他人做一些通常看起来不太方便的事情。)”可知，本空需概括Tyler善举的情况。A选项“His good deeds are many and varied. (他的善举很多，而且多种多样。)”能承接上文，引出下文“He might give a friend an unexpected gift, invite someone out for coffee, set aside time at work to support a colleague, or bring a family member’s favorite food to the dinner table. (他可能会给朋友一份意想不到的礼物，邀请某人出去喝咖啡，在工作时抽出时间来帮助同事，或者把家人最喜欢的食物带到餐桌上。)”，概括了这些行为的多样性和丰富性，自然过渡到例子，符合逻辑。故选A。 1．由上文“He might give a friend an unexpected gift, invite someone out for coffee, set aside time at work to support a colleague, or bring a family member’s favorite food to the dinner table. (他可能会给朋友一份意想不到的礼物，邀请某人出去喝咖啡，在工作时抽出时间来帮助同事，或者把家人最喜欢的食物带到餐桌上。)”和下文“Such acts of kindness can not only make the giver and recipient feel good, but they can also promote our psychological and physical health in surprising ways. (这种善举不仅能让给予者和接受者都感觉良好，还能以惊人的方式促进我们的身心健康。)”可知，本空需强调前文例子的意义并非随机表现。F选项“These examples are more than just random displays of generosity. (这些例子不仅仅是随意的慷慨表现。)”能承上启下，符合题意，故选F。 2．由上文“Some studies have indicated it can improve happiness and a sense of engagement with life and reduce symptoms of anxiety. (一些研究表明，它可以提高幸福感和对生活的参与感，并减少焦虑症状。)”及下文“An international trial published online by Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology suggested that kindness decreases social isolation and loneliness, which are increasingly linked to a variety of negative health effects. (《社会精神病学与精神流行病学》在线发表的一项国际试验表明，善良可以减少社会孤立和孤独感，而这两者与各种负面健康影响越来越相关。)”可知，本空需补充善意的另一项益处。D选项“It also increases a sense of social connectedness. (它还增强了社会联系感。)”能承上启下，符合题意，故选D。 3．由上文“And focused efforts matter. (集中精力很重要。)”及下文“Performing five selfless acts on a single day each week for six weeks, as VanderWeele does, benefits more than spreading them over the course of a week. (像VanderWeele那样，每周在一天内完成五次无私的行为，持续六周，比在一周内分散完成更有益。)”可知，本空应描述集中精力做善事的好处。G选项“Concentrating on kind gestures enhances well-being more powerfully (专注于善意的举动能更有效地提升幸福感)”能承上启下，符合题意，故选G。 4．由上文“Pick one day a week for six straight weeks to do five kind things. (连续六周，每周选一天做五件好事。)”可知，本空需总结这种行为的长期影响。C选项“Over time, you can become a kinder person (随着时间的推移，你可以成为一个更善良的人)”能承接上文，符合题意，故选C。 Passage 6（2025高二下·甘肃省平凉市·期末） What will you do if you can’t eat everything bought in the canteen? 1 According to a survey, what students waste every year could feed over 10 million people. 2 According to Xinhua News Agency, the food wasted by Chinese people is about 50 million tons of grain every year, which could feed 200 million people. Food waste, which has become a global issue, serves as a mirror that reflects various cultural and social issues in different countries. In the West, for instance, consumerism, the belief that it’s good to use a lot of goods and services, is often to blame for food waste. 3 Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food. On campus, a generation of single children is less aware of the food waste issue. Students nowadays are well protected by their families and hardly have any concept of how much toil others go through in order to provide them with the food they eat. 4 There are 925 million hungry people in the world. They don’t have enough food to eat. And farmers work very hard to grow the crops. 5 It’s also important that everyone thinks about how they can do their bit to reduce food waste. Recently a campaign against food waste launched on line in China might make you think twice about being so wasteful. A．Students waste is extremely serious, B．To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. C．China, in turn, features its own eating culture. D．But canteen waste is merely the tip of the iceberg. E．So we shouldn’t waste our food. F．Students can never realize the serious food waste situation. G．Most of us would simply throw away any leftover food. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了浪费食物现象的严重性，分析了其原因，节约粮食的必要性和具体措施。 1．根据上句“What will you do if you can’t eat everything bought in the canteen? 　”（如果你不能把在食堂买的东西都吃了怎么办?）可知，问在餐厅吃不完的饭菜怎么办，所以选项承上启下，说明大多数人的做法，以及带来的后果。根据下句“According to a survey, what students waste every year could feed over 10 million people.”（根据一项调查，学生每年浪费的食物可以养活1000多万人）故G选项“我们大多数人会直接扔掉任何剩余的食物”切题。故选G。 2．根据上段“According to a survey, what students waste every year could feed over 10 million people.”（根据一项调查，学生每年浪费的食物可以养活1000多万人）和本段“According to Xinhua News Agency, the food wasted by Chinese people is about 50 million tons of grain every year, which could feed 200 million people.”（据新华社报道，中国人每年浪费的粮食大约有5000万吨，这可以养活2亿人。）对比可知中国人浪费掉的粮食能够养活两亿人，说明食堂的浪费现象只是冰山一角，故选D。 3．根据本段“Food waste, which has become a global issue, serves as a mirror that reflects various cultural and social issues in different countries.”（食物浪费已经成为一个全球性的问题，它是一面镜子，反映了不同国家的各种文化和社会问题。） 可知食物浪费现象反映一个国家的饮食文化和习惯。所以选项要说到中国的饮食文化。下文“Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.”（中国人以好客和慷慨著称。许多人甚至觉得，如果他们的客人把所有的食物都吃完了，他们会觉得很丢脸。）故C选项“中国也有自己的饮食文化”切题。故选C。 4．根据本段“There are 925 million hungry people in the world. They don’t have enough food to eat. And farmers work very hard to grow the crops. 　　　　　It’s also important that everyone thinks about how they can do their bit to reduce food waste. Recently a campaign against food waste launched on line in China might make you think twice about being so wasteful.”（世界上有9.25亿饥饿人口。他们没有足够的食物吃。农民们非常努力地种植庄稼。同样重要的是，每个人都应该思考如何为减少食物浪费尽一份力。最近，中国网上发起了一场反对食物浪费的运动，这可能会让你对这种浪费行为三思而后行。）可知本段讲减少食物浪费所面临的困难。故B选项“减少食物浪费是一项艰巨的任务，需要时间。”故选B。 5．根据上文“There are 925 million hungry people in the world. They don’t have enough food to eat. And farmers work very hard to grow the crops.”（世界上有9.25亿饥饿人口。他们没有足够的食物吃。农民们非常努力地种植庄稼。）选项承接上文，说明人们应该怎么做。故E项“我们不应该浪费粮食”切题，故选E。 主题类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1（2025高二下·甘肃省定西市临洮县·期末） Your comfort zone is that familiar, predictable space where tasks feel effortless — a protective bubble (泡沫) shielding you from stress and uncertainty. 1 There are some ways to break out of your comfort zone without going too far. Do everyday things differently. Take a different route to work. 2 Whether the change you make is big or small, make a change in the way you do things on a day-to-day basis. Look for the perspective that comes from any change, even if it’s negative. Don’t be put off if things don’t work out the way you planned. Take your time making decisions. Sometimes slowing down is all it takes to make you uncomfortable — especially if speed and quick thinking are prized in your work or personal life. 3 And take your time to interpret what you see. Sometimes just defending your right to make an educated decision can push you out of your comfort zone. 4 It takes a lot of courage to break out of your comfort zone. You get the same benefits whether you go in with both feet or you do if you start slow, so don’t be afraid to start slow. Identify your fears, and then face them step by step. There are lots of ways to stretch your personal boundaries. You can learn a new language or skill, connect with people that inspire you, or volunteer in an organization that does great work. You can also travel whether you go around the block or across the globe. 5 A．Do it in small steps. B．Try a new operating system. C．Increase the difficulty continuously. D．Slow down, and observe what’s going on. E．Leaving it means increased risk and anxiety. F．But true growth requires stepping beyond its edges. G．It’s perhaps the best way to broaden your perspectives. 【答案】1．F 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让人们在不必走得太远的前提下突破舒适区的一些方法。 1．前文“Your comfort zone is that familiar, predictable space where tasks feel effortless — a protective bubble (泡沫) shielding you from stress and uncertainty. (你的舒适区是那个熟悉的、可预测的空间，在那里完成任务感觉毫不费力——一个保护你免受压力和不确定性的保护泡泡。)”介绍舒适区的含义，后文“There are some ways to break out of your comfort zone without going too far. (有一些方法可以让你走出舒适区，而不用走得太远。)”引出走出舒适区的方法，此处需要一个过渡句，说明离开舒适区的必要性，因此F项“But true growth requires stepping beyond its edges. (但真正的成长需要跨出它的边界。)”符合语境，和前文构成转折，引出后文的方法，其中的its指代前文的Your comfort zone。故选F。 2．前文“Do everyday things differently. Take a different route to work. (用不同的方式做日常的事情。选择一条不同的路线去上班。)”建议改变日常活动的方式，并给出上班路线的具体例子，后文“Whether the change you make is big or small, make a change in the way you do things on a day-to-day basis. (无论你所做的改变是大是小，每天都要改变你做事的方式。)”强调要改变，此处应再补充一个具体例子，因此B项“Try a new operating system. (尝试一个新的操作系统。)”符合语境，和前一句是并列关系，引出后文的强调。故选B。 3．前文“Sometimes slowing down is all it takes to make you uncomfortable — especially if speed and quick thinking are prized in your work or personal life. (有时候慢下来只会让你感到不舒服——尤其是当你在工作或个人生活中看重速度和敏捷思维的时候。)”指出不愿慢下来的原因，后文“And take your time to interpret what you see. (慢慢来解读你所看到的。)”指出下一步是理解所见，此处应补充慢下来的第一步，因此D项“Slow down, and observe what’s going on. (放慢速度，观察周围情况。)”符合语境，承前启后，其中的observe和后文的see呼应。故选D。 4．后文“It takes a lot of courage to break out of your comfort zone. You get the same benefits whether you go in with both feet or you do if you start slow, so don’t be afraid to start slow. Identify your fears, and then face them step by step. (走出你的舒适区需要很大的勇气。无论你是用两只脚开始还是慢点开始，你都能得到同样的好处，所以不要害怕慢点开始。确定你的恐惧，然后一步一步地面对它们。)”指出走出舒适区并不容易，可以慢点开始，逐步面对恐惧，此处是段首句，应总的建议从小处着手，且需和前两段段首句一样使用祈使句的形式，因此A项“Do it in small steps. (从小步骤开始。)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选A。 5．前文“You can learn a new language or skill, connect with people that inspire you, or volunteer in an organization that does great work. You can also travel whether you go around the block or across the globe. (你可以学习一门新的语言或技能，与能激励你的人交往，或者在一个做得很好的组织做志愿者。你也可以旅行，无论你是绕着街区还是环球旅行。)”列举拓宽边界的各种方法，此处应总结这些行动的意义，因此G项“It’s perhaps the best way to broaden your perspectives. (这或许是拓宽视野的最佳方式。)”符合语境，承接前文。故选G。 Passage 2（2025高二下·广东省广州市越秀区·期末） How to Use a Modern Public Library? Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? 1 It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business. Check out a book While libraries still loan out books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. 2 Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. Check out other items The library is now a multimedia zone that is loaded with information in many formats. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. 3 If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. 4 Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kids to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. Start a business using the help of your local library If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce (商会) and government agencies. 5 A．Join targeted reading groups. B．Use library tablets for e-books. C．Some libraries even loan out toys and games. D．The library provides private online chat rooms for study discussions. E．If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. F．Moreover, they will also offer printing, faxing and database services you need. G．Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other using delivery vehicles. 【答案】1．E 2．G 3．C 4．A 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何使用现代公共图书馆。 【详解】36．上文“Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library?(你有一段时间没有去公共图书馆了吗？)”用一个问句“是否有段时间没有去公共图书馆”引出话题；空后“It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.(它们不再是摆满书的满是灰尘的小房间了。他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以培养你对知识的热爱，结识有趣的人，或者找到如何创业的方法。)”讲述了图书馆的变化，E选项“If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.(如果是这样，你可能会惊讶地发现，图书馆已经变得越来越好。)”回应上文问题，说明现在的图书馆发生很大变化，引出下文对图书馆积极变化的阐述，选项中“If so”承接上文，指的是“如果已经有一段时间没去图书馆”。故选E。 1．空前“While libraries still loan out books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.(虽然图书馆仍然提供图书外借服务，但由于地区图书馆之间的合作网络，你会更容易找到想要借阅的书籍副本。)”说明了图书馆之间有合作网络，G选项“Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other using delivery vehicles.(通过这样的网络，图书馆可以通过传送工具彼此共享图书。)”中的networks和前面的network一致，说明了这种网络的好处，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 2．空前“The library is now a multimedia zone that is loaded with information in many formats. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines.(如今的图书馆已成为一个多媒体区域，提供多种格式的信息。你可以借阅DVD电影、CD音乐以及热门杂志。)”说明了现在的图书馆扩展借阅范围，提供多种格式的信息，空格处也应该和图书馆提供除了图书以外的东西有关，C选项“Some libraries even loan out toys and games.(一些图书馆甚至借出玩具和游戏。)”说明一些图书馆还借出玩具和游戏，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 3．空格处是本段小标题，由空后的“Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join.(图书馆经常会为不同年龄段的人举办阅读小组活动。也许你想学习一门语言或提高英语水平，图书馆可能会发起一个你可以加入的语言小组。)”可知，本段主要讲的是图书馆可以提供一些小组活动，A选项“Join targeted reading groups.(加入有针对性的阅读小组。)”说明了加入一些阅读小组，概括了本段内容，可作为小标题，故选A。 4．本段小标题“Start a business using the help of your local library(利用当地图书馆的帮助创业)”和空前“Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce (商会) and government agencies.(许多图书馆还会通过商会和政府机构为你提供有关企业管理的本地信息。)”说明了图书馆会提供有关企业管理的本地信息，空格处应该补充说图书馆提供创业信息方面的内容，F选项“Moreover, they will also offer printing, faxing and database services you need.(此外，他们还会提供你需要的打印、传真和数据库服务。)”介绍了图书馆所提供与创业帮助相关的额外实用服务，符合语境，故选F。 Passage 3（2025高二下·甘肃省天水市·期末） Rather than focusing on giving up an existing bad habit, it’s often easier to replace it with a healthier habit. Of course, bad habits can be stubborn. 1 . Here are some practical yet powerful tips to help you. 2 . People label bad habits “bad” because of negative consequences. Your smoking habit could be seriously damaging your health, or your habit of impulse (冲动) shopping could damage your budget. Know about these effects can help you stay motivated even during setbacks. Set the specific goals. Coming up with the right goal is an important step in dropping a bad habit. 3 . Otherwise, you can risk sliding back into old patterns of behavior and you might be setting yourself up for disappointment. Build your action plan. When it comes to breaking a bad habit, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution. You can create a routine around the new habit. For example, you might make a cup of coffee and sip it as you walk around the neighborhood. Or you could use that time to chat with a best friend on the phone. 4 . Cope with habit changes. Even if you’ve developed a healthier habit, it doesn’t mean the work is done. 5 . So continue to build on your newly formed habits. You can progress from daily walking to jogging, or try new recipes after adopting healthy eating habits. All of this will further reinforce good habits as a regular part of your life. A．Many of us have many bad habits B．Identify the causes of the bad habits C．Understand the influences of bad habits on you D．In fact, it’s easy and common for old behaviors to return E．These actions can also encourage you to maintain the healthy habits. F．You should avoid having goals that are too general or difficult to measure G．You may have tried many times to drop an unwanted habit, only to find you fail 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．F 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了用健康习惯替代坏习惯的方法，包括了解坏习惯影响、设定具体目标、制定行动计划和应对习惯变化等。 【详解】41．由上文“Rather than focusing on giving up an existing bad habit, it’s often easier to replace it with a healthier habit. Of course, bad habits can be stubborn. (与其专注于放弃一个现有的坏习惯，不如用更健康的习惯来替代它更容易。当然，坏习惯可能很顽固)”可知，上文提到坏习惯顽固，G选项“You may have tried many times to drop an unwanted habit, only to find you fail (你可能多次尝试改掉一个不想要的坏习惯，结果却发现失败了)”进一步说明了坏习惯难以改掉的情况，与上文紧密相连，符合语境。故选G。 1．由下文“People label bad habits “bad” because of negative consequences. Your smoking habit could be seriously damaging your health, or your habit of impulse (冲动) shopping could damage your budget. (人们把坏习惯贴上“坏”的标签是因为有负面后果。你的吸烟习惯可能严重损害你的健康，或者你冲动购物的习惯可能损害你的预算)”可知，该段主要讲述坏习惯的负面影响，C选项“Understand the influences of bad habits on you (了解坏习惯对你的影响)”能概括本段主旨，且与下文“Know about these effects can help you stay motivated even during setbacks.(了解这些影响可以帮助你在遇到挫折时保持动力)”相呼应。故选C。 2．由上文“Set the specific goals. Coming up with the right goal is an important step in dropping a bad habit. (设定具体的目标。想出正确的目标是改掉坏习惯的重要一步)”可知，该段强调设定具体目标的重要性，F选项“You should avoid having goals that are too general or difficult to measure (你应该避免设定过于笼统或难以衡量的目标)”与上文“设定具体目标”相呼应，进一步说明了什么样的目标不合适，符合语境。故选F。 3．由上文“You can create a routine around the new habit. For example, you might make a cup of coffee and sip it as you walk around the neighborhood. Or you could use that time to chat with a best friend on the phone. (你可以围绕新习惯创建一个日常惯例。例如，你可以泡一杯咖啡，在附近散步时慢慢品尝。或者你可以利用这段时间和最好的朋友在电话里聊天)”可知，上文列举了围绕新习惯创建日常惯例的例子，E选项“These actions can also encourage you to maintain the healthy habits. (这些行动也可以鼓励你保持健康的习惯)”承接上文，说明这些行动的作用，符合语境。故选E。 4．由上文“Even if you’ve developed a healthier habit, it doesn’t mean the work is done. (即使你已经养成了一个更健康的习惯，这并不意味着工作就完成了)”可知，上文提到养成健康习惯不意味着工作完成，D选项“In fact, it’s easy and common for old behaviors to return (事实上，旧行为很容易且常见地会回来)”进一步解释了为什么工作没有完成，与上文紧密相连，符合语境。故选D。 Passage 4（2025高二下甘肃省白银市·期末） Flying for the first time can be both exciting and tense. 1 , knowing what to expect and how to prepare can make your first flight a smooth and enjoyable experience. Here are some essential tips to help you get ready for your first flight.Prepare thoroughly before your flight 2 . Research the airline’s policies regarding baggage allowances and the specific requirements for your destination. Pack smartly, keeping in mind the essentials you’ll need during your trip. Make sure to bring your identification, tickets, and the necessary travel documents. If you’re traveling internationally, double-check visa requirements and ensure your passport is valid.Familiarize yourself with airport procedures Airports can be busy and confusing places, especially if you’re a first-time flyer. 3 Many airports have online guides that can help you find the terminal (航站楼). Understand the security checkpoint process and be prepared to remove items for inspection. 4 Air travel can be tiring, so it’s important to prioritize your comfort. Bring a travel pillow and blanket to help you sleep, and consider wearing noise-canceling headphones to block out engine noise. Take advantage of in-flight entertainment options, but also bring your own books, magazines, or electronic devices to keep you occupied. If you get airsick, consider taking some medications.Manage anxiety and enjoy the experience It’s normal to feel anxious about flying, especially if it’s your first time. Try to stay calm and remind yourself that air travel is one of the safest forms of transportation. Practice deep breathing exercises to help manage any nervousness. Engage with your fellow passengers and flight crew. They can offer reassurance and make the experience more enjoyable. 5 . A．In order to have a nice trip B．Stay comfortable during the flight C．Take your necessary items with you D．You need to know the structure of the airport E．You can start by understanding the basics of air travel F．Whether you’re traveling for business or visiting family G．Finally, look out of the window and enjoy the unique view 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了首次乘机的准备事项与建议。 1．上文“Flying for the first time can be both exciting and tense.(第一次飞行既令人兴奋又紧张)”说明首次乘机的复杂感受。空处说明无论何种出行目的，提前准备都能提升体验。所以F项“Whether you’re traveling for business or visiting family(无论你是出差还是探亲)”与后文“knowing what to expect and how to prepare can make your first flight a smooth and enjoyable experience(知道会发生什么以及如何准备可以让你的第一次飞行顺利愉快)”构成顺接关系，符合语境。故选F。 2．本段主题是“Prepare thoroughly before your flight(飞行前充分准备)”，下文“Research the airline’s policies regarding baggage allowances and the specific requirements for your destination.(研究航空公司关于行李限额的政策以及目的地的具体要求)”说明需要提前了解航空旅行的基础知识。空处和后文为顺接关系，E项“You can start by understanding the basics of air travel(你可以从了解航空旅行的基础知识开始)”作为段首句，引出下文对航空公司政策、行李打包等准备工作的介绍，与“准备”主题呼应，其中“basics”对应后文“policies”和“requirements”，符合语境。故选E。 3．上文“Airports can be busy and confusing places, especially if you’re a first-time flyer.(机场可能是繁忙而混乱的地方，尤其是对于第一次乘飞机的人来说)”说明首次乘机者需要熟悉机场结构。空处和前文为顺接关系，D项“You need to know the structure of the airport(你需要了解机场的结构)”承接上文，且与后文“找到航站楼”呼应，说明熟悉机场流程的具体内容，进一步强调需掌握机场布局，符合语境。故选D。 4．空处为段落主旨句。下文“Air travel can be tiring, so it’s important to prioritize your comfort.(航空旅行可能会很累，所以优先考虑舒适度很重要)”说明本段围绕飞行中的舒适性展开。B项“Stay comfortable during the flight(飞行中保持舒适)”概括本段内容，符合语境。故选B。 5．本段建议“Manage anxiety and enjoy the experience(缓解焦虑，享受飞行体验)”，上文“Engage with your fellow passengers and flight crew. They can offer reassurance and make the experience more enjoyable.(与乘客和机组人员互动。他们可以让你安心，让体验更愉快)”说明互动能缓解焦虑。G项“Finally, look out of the window and enjoy the unique view(最后，看看窗外，欣赏独特的风景)”提出通过欣赏窗外景色进一步享受飞行，是享受飞行的具体做法，作为结尾句符合语境。故选G。 Passage 5（2025高二下·福建省福州市（八县市）协作校·期末） Psychologists have conducted thousands of studies of the features people find desirable in friends. But all the studies don’t spell out clearly the practical advice about the specific approaches people can use to move from social isolation through initial acquaintance (认识) to close friendship. 1 . Here are four of them. ·Spend time together. People began to move from acquaintance to casual friend after spending around 30 hours together. It took at least 140 hours together to become a close friend. 2 . It was found that small talk about sports, for example, was less helpful for making friends than joking or showing concern. · 3 . When you are paying attention to what your conversation partner is saying, they feel understood and accepted. How do you make it obvious you are paying attention? Making appropriate eye contact is one signal, which increases the chances that they’ll feel similar to you, and enjoy the conversation. ·Open up. 4 . Be someone that others feel at ease to confide (倾诉) in. When you embrace this openness in your relationships, you’ll attract people who value authenticity and who will be equally open with you in return. ·Don’t underestimate the power of simply reaching out. In a test, researchers asked 109 students to write a short note to someone in their social circle, simply to “check in and say hello”. Then the researchers delivered the notes and asked the receivers how much they appreciated them. 5 A．Be a responsive listener. B．Attach importance to your communication. C．Share your true thoughts and feelings honestly. D．You were not as reliable as your friends had thought. E．It also mattered what people did during those hours together. F．If you dig, you can find a few useful strategies buried in all that research. G．The result was that the receivers enjoyed the notes much more than the senders had expected. 【答案】1．F 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了从研究中提炼出的四个实用交友策略，包括共度时光、积极倾听、坦诚相待和主动联系。 【详解】51．由上文“But all the studies don’t spell out clearly the practical advice about the specific approaches people can use to move from social isolation through initial acquaintance (认识) to close friendship. (但所有这些研究都没有明确给出实用的建议，说明人们可以采用哪些具体方法从社交孤立状态，通过初步认识发展到亲密友谊)”及下文“Here are four of them. (这里有四个方法)”可知，上文提到研究没有明确给出从社交孤立到亲密友谊的具体方法，下文则说有四个方法，F选项“如果你深入挖掘，就能在所有这些研究中找到一些有用的策略”承上启下，说明虽然研究没有明确给出，但还是能找到一些有用的策略，符合语境。故选F。 1．由上文“People began to move from acquaintance to casual friend after spending around 30 hours together. It took at least 140 hours together to become a close friend. (人们在一起大约30个小时后，就开始从熟人变成普通朋友。要成为亲密朋友，至少需要一起度过140个小时)”及下文“It was found that small talk about sports, for example, was less helpful for making friends than joking or showing concern. (例如，研究发现，聊体育等闲聊对交朋友的作用不如开玩笑或表示关心)”可知，上文提到一起度过的时间对发展友谊的重要性，下文则提到在一起时做的事情也对交朋友有影响，E选项“人们在一起时做什么也很重要”承上启下，说明除了时间，在一起时做的事情也很重要，符合语境。故选E。 2．由下文“When you are paying attention to what your conversation partner is saying, they feel understood and accepted. How do you make it obvious you are paying attention? Making appropriate eye contact is one signal, which increases the chances that they’ll feel similar to you, and enjoy the conversation. (当你注意对方在说什么时，他们会感到被理解和接受。你如何表明你在注意听呢？进行适当的眼神交流是一个信号，这会增加他们与你产生共鸣并享受对话的机会)”可知，本段主要讲的是要注意听对方说话，让对方感到被理解和接受，A选项“做一个善于回应的倾听者”符合语境，且作为段落标题，概括了本段主旨。故选A。 3．由上文“Open up. (敞开心扉)”及下文“Be someone that others feel at ease to confide (倾诉) in. When you embrace this openness in your relationships, you’ll attract people who value authenticity and who will be equally open with you in return. (做一个让别人感到轻松倾诉的人。当你在人际关系中接受这种开放时，你会吸引那些重视真实的人，他们也会对你同样开放)”可知，上文提到要敞开心扉，下文则说要让别人感到轻松倾诉，C选项“真诚地分享你真实的想法和感受”承上启下，说明要真诚地分享自己的想法和感受，符合语境。故选C。 4．由上文“In a test, researchers asked 109 students to write a short note to someone in their social circle, simply to “check in and say hello”. Then the researchers delivered the notes and asked the receivers how much they appreciated them. (在一次测试中，研究人员让109名学生给他们社交圈里的某个人写一张便条，只是简单地“打个招呼”。然后研究人员把便条送出去，并问收件人他们有多感激这些便条)”可知，上文提到研究人员让学生写便条并询问收件人的感受，G选项“结果是，收件人比发件人预期的更喜欢这些便条”说明测试的结果，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 Passage 6（2025高二下·广东省揭阳市·期末） Ways to Boost Your Chances of a Good Night’s Rest Experts have found more evidence of the harm caused by disturbing our body clocks, linking it to depression and mental disorder. It’s a warning to our body’s natural rhythms, which influence our sleep as well as a range of other processes in our body. Here are the things we can do for a good night’s sleep. · Limit evening light. Are you inseparable from your mobile phone? Do you check your social media late into the night? 1 These devices produce powerful blue light that is particularly bad for our sleep. Having a cut-off time for stopping using these devices of an hour and a half before bed is ideal. We should also limit other forms of electric light after sunset. · 2 A glass or two of wine, or a sip or two of brandy, for many is a pre-bed routine. But despite what you might think, experts say that a glass of wine before bedtime actually doesn’t improve our sleep. Alcohol has a strange effect in that it makes it easier to fall asleep, but it makes it harder to stay asleep and it affects the quality of our sleep. · Be consistent. It may be tempting to stay up late on Friday or Saturday. 3 This helps to reduce social mismatch between when we sleep during the working week compared with the weekend. The bigger the social mismatch, the more harmful it is for health. · Have a pre-bed routine. Having a pre-bed routine helps signal to our bodies that it’s time for sleep. Activities such as reading a book or having a bath can help to mentally relax and get us ready for bed. Parents do this with their child to get good sleep. They have a set routine where they feed, bathe their children and put them into bed. 4 · Make your bedroom a place of rest. Easily portable computers and phones have transformed our bedrooms from sanctuaries (保护区) of rest into places of entertainment. 5 To do this, we should keep phones and computers in other rooms. Keeping your bedroom cool is also important because it’s easier for our bodies to sleep in colder temperatures. A．Avoid a night wine. B．Get a good night’s sleep. C．If so, you’re likely to be disturbing your sleep. D．There’s nothing around them and then they read them a story. E．Our body clocks are designed to follow the rise and fall of our sleep. F．However, ideally we should go to bed at similar times throughout the week. G．But to boost our chances of a good night’s rest, we must reclaim them for sleep. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．F 4．D 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了保证高质量睡眠的一些方法。 【详解】56．上文“Are you inseparable from your mobile phone? Do you check your social media late into the night?”（你和你的手机形影不离吗?你会在深夜查看社交媒体吗）以提问的方式列举了睡前使用电子设备的一些例子；下文“These devices produce powerful blue light that is particularly bad for our sleep.”（这些设备会发出强烈的蓝光，对我们的睡眠尤其有害。）说明了这些设备产生的蓝光对于睡眠是有害的；C选项“如果是这样的话，你很可能会影响你的睡眠”中的so指的就是上文提到的“Are you inseparable from your mobile phone? Do you check your social media late into the night?”，并且其中的disturbing your sleep与后文bad for our sleep相对应，符合题意。故选C项。 1．根据设空位置可知，此处需要选本段的小标题，且参考其他小标题可知，设空处要填一个祈使句；后文“But despite what you might think, experts say that a glass of wine before bedtime actually doesn’t improve our sleep. Alcohol has a strange effect in that it makes it easier to fall asleep, but it makes it harder to stay asleep and it affects the quality of our sleep.”（但不管你怎么想，专家说睡前一杯葡萄酒实际上并不能改善我们的睡眠。酒精有一个奇怪的作用，它使人更容易入睡，但却使人更难保持睡眠状态，从而影响我们的睡眠质量）说明了睡前饮酒影响睡眠质量；A选项“不要在晚上喝酒”是一个祈使句且概括了后文内容，符合题意。故选A项。 2．上文“It may be tempting to stay up late on Friday or Saturday.”（周五或周六很容易熬夜）说明了周五或周六很容易出现熬夜的情况；下文“This helps to reduce social mismatch between when we sleep during the working week compared with the weekend. ”（这有助于减少工作日睡眠与周末睡眠之间的社交失配）说明了有助于减少我们在工作日与周末睡眠之间的社交失配的一种方法；F选项“然而，理想情况下，我们应该在一周的相同时间上床睡觉”与上文形成转折关系，同时也符合后文this指代的内容，符合题意。故选F项。 3．上文“Activities such as reading a book or having a bath can help to mentally relax and get us ready for bed. Parents do this with their child to get good sleep. They have a set routine where they feed, bath their children and put them into bed.”（像看书或者洗澡这样的活动可以帮助我们放松精神，让我们为睡觉做好准备。父母这么做是为了让孩子睡个好觉。他们有一套固定程序，喂孩子吃饭，给孩子洗澡，哄他们上床）说明了父母怎样做有助于让孩子睡个好觉；D选项“他们周围什么都没有，然后他们给他们读故事”中的read them a story与上文的reading a book对应，they指上文的parents，them指上文的children，说明了父母可以为孩子安排的睡前常规活动，符合题意。故选D项。 4．根据上文 “Easily portable computers and phones have transformed our bedrooms from sanctuaries (保护区) of rest into places of entertainment.(便携式电脑和手机很容易就把我们的卧室从休息的庇护所变成了娱乐场所)” 及 下文“To do this, we should keep phones and computers in other rooms.(要做到这一点，我们应该把手机和电脑放在其他房间)” 可知，选项承上启下，说明为了睡好觉，要把卧室变回休息之地，引出后文具体做法，G选项“但为了提高我们睡个好觉的几率，我们必须把卧室重新变回用于睡眠的地方” 符合语境，故选G项。 话题类型三: 人与自然（6篇） Passage 1 In the depths of a forest in Northland, New Zealand, an architectural exploration is underway. 1 Architect Brett Hulley and his wife Rose, driven by this vision, began their home-building journey. Initially, the couple wanted a wild piece of land for ecological restoration. Luck led them in 2016 to Pataua North, covered with native forest. 2 Brett designed the house to suit the site and natural conditions. The living, dining, and kitchen area face north, while bedrooms and a toilet are to the south, with an outdoor shower nearby in the forest. 3 Every room has natural air flow, and high-level windows in the roof let out hot air in summer. This connection to nature helps people value the environment and live in an eco-friendly way. 4 Local trees are the main building materials. Imperfect layered wood is used for the outer covering and inner panels. Long-lasting wood is used for furniture and built-in tables and bench seats.Internal doors are made from recycled wood from Rose’ s parents’ old kitchen. Even tree branches and trunks are cleverly integrated into the structure and joinery. The house is connected to New Zealand’s electricity system, which uses mostly renewable energy. It also has a 40,000-litre rainwater tank and a worm farm to treat wastewater. Their journey was full of challenges. 5 The house stands as a model of sustainable living, combining human comfort with environmental care. For Brett and Rose, their journey is more than building a house. It’s about creating a life surrounded by nature they cherish and protect. A．Natural materials are used throughout the house. B．It aims to find harmony between humans and nature. C．Large windows capture the winter sun and block summer heat. D．They decided to carefully protect what’s here instead of rewilding. E．The couple are proud of the family for making their dream come true. F．Brett was inspired to look for architecture that connects them with nature. G．But it showed how thoughtful design and respect for nature can create a home. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了新西兰建筑师Brett Hulley夫妇在新西兰北地森林中建造一座与自然和谐共生的生态住宅的经历。 【详解】61．上文“In the depths of a forest in Northland, New Zealand, an architectural exploration is underway.(在新西兰北地的森林深处，一场建筑探索正在进行)”说明建筑探索的背景，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明建筑探索的目的。所以B项“It aims to find harmony between humans and nature.(它的目标是找到人类与自然之间的和谐)”符合语境。故选B。 1．上文“Luck led them in 2016 to Pataua North, covered with native forest.(幸运的是，2016年他们来到了北帕陶阿，那里被原始森林覆盖)”说明他们来到了北帕陶阿，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明他们决定保护这里。所以D项“They decided to carefully protect what’s here instead of rewilding.(他们决定小心保护这里的一切，而不是进行生态恢复)”符合语境。“They”指代夫妇，“protect what’s here”与“native forest”衔接，说明他们因已有原始森林而改变计划，符合逻辑。故选D。 2．上文“The living, dining, and kitchen area face north, while bedrooms and a toilet are to the south, with an outdoor shower nearby in the forest.(起居室、餐厅和厨房朝北，卧室和厕所朝南，附近森林里有一个户外淋浴间)”说明房屋的布局，空处和前文为顺接关系，说明房屋的采光和通风设计。所以C项“Large windows capture the winter sun and block summer heat.(大窗户捕捉冬日的阳光，阻挡夏日的炎热)”符合语境。故选C。 3．下文“Local trees are the main building materials. Imperfect layered wood is used for the outer covering and inner panels.(当地的树木是主要的建筑材料。有缺陷的层压木材用于外覆层和内面板)”说明房屋使用的建筑材料，空处和后文为总领关系，说明房屋使用的材料是天然的。所以A项“Natural materials are used throughout the house.(整个房子都使用天然材料)”符合语境。故选A。 4．上文提到“Their journey was full of challenges.(他们的旅程充满挑战)”，下文指出“The house stands as a model of sustainable living(这所房子成为可持续生活的典范)”。G项“But it showed how thoughtful design and respect for nature can create a home.(但这表明，深思熟虑的设计和对自然的尊重能够创造一个家)”中“But”转折承接“challenges”，并引出房屋的积极意义，衔接上下文。故选G。 Passage 2 Beneath the shallow coastal waters of southern Australia lies a vital underwater ecosystem: seagrass meadows. These green underwater fields once covered vast coastal areas, supporting countless marine creatures. 1 Decades of coastal pollution, boat anchoring and seawater warming have destroyed nearly half of local seagrass areas since 1990. To reverse the terrible situation, an environmental team launched a large-scale seagrass restoration project in 2018. 2 Unlike quick artificial planting methods used elsewhere, the team chose a low-interference way to fit local marine rules. They collected ripe seagrass seeds naturally fallen from healthy meadows instead of digging up grown seagrass. Seed collection requires strict timing and professional skills. Workers dive into seawater at fixed tides to gather mature seeds, avoiding damage to original underwater plants. 3 After being cleaned and screened, qualified seeds are spread to designated coastal seabeds with suitable water temperature and mud texture. The restored seagrass meadows bring multilayered ecological benefits. They absorb carbon dioxide faster than tropical rainforests on land. 4 Small fish, crabs and young shellfish hide in seagrass leaves to escape natural enemies, while rare sea turtles rely on seagrass as their major food source. Restoration work is far from easy. Extreme storms often wash away newly planted seeds in rainy seasons. 5 It proves that gentle human intervention can help nature repair itself without breaking original marine balance. A．This eco-friendly method reduces damage to native marine habitats. B．However, such precious ecosystems are facing severe damage. C．Seagrass meadows also provide shelters and food for coastal wildlife. D．Local fishermen refused to cooperate with the restoration team at first. E．The team sticks to the principle of respecting natural growth rules all the time. F．Human activities used to be ignored in coastal ecological management. G．Yet years of persistent efforts have achieved inspiring ecological results. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍澳大利亚南部海岸团队遵循自然法则，低成本低干预修复海草床生态系统，实现人与自然海洋共生的相关内容。 【详解】1．上文介绍海草床是重要海洋生态系统，下文讲述海草床遭人为及气候破坏，空处需转折衔接生态现状。B项“However, such precious ecosystems are facing severe damage.(然而这类珍贵生态系统正面临严重破坏)”转折衔接上下文，契合语境。故选B。 2．上文提及团队启动修复项目，下文对比外地速成种植法，强调本地低干预修复模式，空处点明团队修复原则。E项“The team sticks to the principle of respecting natural growth rules all the time.(该团队始终坚守尊重自然生长规律的原则)”总领本段修复理念，衔接后文做法。故选E。 3．上文讲述团队采集天然种子、不移栽成株的做法，空处承接该做法的优势。A项“This eco-friendly method reduces damage to native marine habitats.(这种环保方式减少了对本土海洋栖息地的破坏)”指代前文采种方式，承接逻辑通顺。故选A。 4．本段主旨为海草床多重生态价值，上文讲固碳能力，下文讲海洋生物觅食避险，空处补充生态价值。C项“Seagrass meadows also provide shelters and food for coastal wildlife.(海草床也为海岸野生生物提供庇护所和食物)”并列补充价值，贴合段落主旨。故选C。 5．上文指出修复工作遭遇风暴冲击等难题，下文点明项目实现生态共赢，空处转折衔接困难与成果。G项“Yet years of persistent efforts have achieved inspiring ecological results.(但多年不懈努力取得了鼓舞人心的生态成果)”转折衔接，收尾全文主旨。故选G。 Passage 3 Most modern city gardens are filled with colorful foreign flowers and trimmed ornamental shrubs. Citizens think these alien plants beautify urban landscapes easily. 1 Native local plants are actually better choices for sustainable urban ecological construction. Foreign ornamental plants require huge manual maintenance costs in city environments. They need regular watering, chemical fertilizer and pest-killing pesticides to survive. 2 Growing native plants can cut down daily gardening costs greatly for urban parks and communities. Beyond cost advantages, native plants build stable urban food chains. Evolving together with local insects, birds and small mammals for thousands of years, native plants can offer matched nutrition for urban wildlife. 3 By contrast, foreign plants cannot be eaten by most local creatures, leaving urban animals short of food resources. Many city planners worry native plants look wild and disordered. 4 Landscape designers can prune native plants moderately and match different species scientifically to create wild-style artistic urban scenery. It mixes natural vitality with urban aesthetic needs perfectly. Building native plant gardens is not abandoning urban beauty. 5 It helps cities coexist harmoniously with surrounding natural ecosystems instead of isolating urban areas from nature. A．This idea ignores long-term urban ecological benefits. B．Native plants seldom rely on artificial supplies to grow well. C．Local birds mainly feed on fruits and seeds of native vegetation. D．It is a wise change to balance urban beauty and ecological protection. E．Foreign plants have stronger ability to adapt to urban climate changes. F．People have realized the harm of pesticides to urban soil gradually. G．But this concern can be solved via professional landscape design. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章对比外来园林植物与本土绿植的差异，论证城市栽种本土植物兼顾美观、成本与生态价值，助力城市人与自然共生发展。 【详解】1．上文指出市民追捧外来观赏植物美化城市，下文转折推崇本土植物，空处评价市民该观念的弊端。A项“This idea ignores long-term urban ecological benefits.(这种想法忽视了城市长期生态效益)”指代市民固有观念，实现语义转折。故选A。 2．上文讲述外来植物养护成本高、依赖人工农资，下文讲本土植物节约养护成本，空处对比本土植物生长特性。B项“Native plants seldom rely on artificial supplies to grow well.(本土植物几乎不需要人工补给就能长势良好)”形成正反对比，契合段落成本对比主旨。故选B。 3．本段核心：本土植物支撑城市食物链，上文说明本土植物适配本土生物，空处举例佐证。C项“Local birds mainly feed on fruits and seeds of native vegetation.(本地鸟类主要食用本土植被的果实与种子)”举例衔接后文外来植物无法供生物进食的内容，逻辑闭环。故选C。 4．上文点明规划者担忧本土植物样貌杂乱，下文讲述设计师可改造塑形，空处承接担忧可被解决。G项“But this concern can be solved via professional landscape design.(但这一顾虑可以通过专业景观设计解决)”转折衔接，衔接后文改造方案。故选G。 5．上文表明栽种本土植物不会舍弃城市美感，下文升华人与自然共生主旨，空处总结该做法的意义。D项“It is a wise change to balance urban beauty and ecological protection.(这是兼顾城市美观与生态保护的明智转变)”总结段落主旨，收尾全文。故选D。 Passage 4 Chinese mountain salamanders are ancient amphibians living in high-altitude mountain streams in southwest China. Strictly dependent on clean running freshwater, they are sensitive to water temperature and water quality changes. 1 Their wild population has dropped by over 60% in the past twenty years. Habitat destruction is the primary threat facing mountain salamanders. Large-scale mountain road construction cuts complete stream systems into separated water sections. 2 Adult salamanders cannot migrate for mating, and young salamanders fail to find new feeding habitats. Water pollution worsens the survival crisis further. Agricultural chemical runoff from nearby farmland flows into mountain streams every rainy season. 3 Even tiny chemical elements will damage salamanders’ thin permeable skin, stopping their breathing and nutrient absorption. Local wildlife protection station carried out targeted protection measures three years ago. First, they built ecological underpasses under mountain roads to connect broken stream channels. 4 Besides, they set up buffer zones between farmland and streams to block polluted rainwater runoff. Salamander protection is never a single conservation action. 5 Only when local residents, construction companies and environmental workers unite, can these ancient amphibians survive alongside local mountain ecosystems. A．The isolated water areas break salamanders’ life cycle. B．These amphibians have extremely weak environmental adaptability. C．Wild salamanders have very fixed eating habits all year round. D．Then regular water quality monitoring is conducted in core stream habitats. E．Climate warming has changed the rainfall pattern of southwest mountains. F．It requires joint efforts from all groups related to mountain ecological activities. G．Many natural stream plants disappear due to long-term chemical pollution. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．G 4．D 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国西南高山濒危蝾螈种群锐减的两大原因，以及当地针对性栖息地保护措施，强调多方协同保护野生动物、维系山地生态平衡。 【详解】1．上文说明蝾螈对水质、水温极度敏感，下文讲种群数量大幅减少，空处承接蝾螈生存短板。B项“These amphibians have extremely weak environmental adaptability.(这类两栖动物环境适应能力极差)”承接前文物种特性，解释数量减少原因，衔接通顺。故选B。 2．上文指出修路割裂溪流生态，下文讲蝾螈繁衍觅食受阻，空处说明水域割裂带来的负面影响。A项“The isolated water areas break salamanders’ life cycle.(碎片化水域打破了蝾螈的生命周期)”衔接修路带来的生态破坏，呼应后文繁衍难题。故选A。 3．本段讲述农业污染危害蝾螈生存，上文农田农药流入溪流，下文化学物质损伤蝾螈皮肤，空处补充污染带来的连锁生态破坏。G项“Many natural stream plants disappear due to long-term chemical pollution.(长期化学污染导致大量溪流原生植物消亡)”递进说明污染危害，贴合段落语境。故选G。 4．上文用First引出第一项保护措施，下文Besides引出第三项措施，空处为第二项有序措施。D项“Then regular water quality monitoring is conducted in core stream habitats.(其次工作人员在核心溪流栖息地开展常态化水质监测)”契合序数词逻辑，衔接保护举措。故选D。 5．上文点明蝾螈保护绝非单一行动，下文讲述居民、企业、环保人员协同发力，空处点明保护核心要求。F项“It requires joint efforts from all groups related to mountain ecological activities.(这需要所有参与山地生态活动群体的共同努力)”总领尾段主旨，衔接下文多方协作内容。故选F。 Passage 5 The Antarctic continent is widely considered a lifeless white desert with extreme low temperature. Only penguins, seals and a few seabirds are known to survive here. 1 Countless tiny native microbes quietly maintain the fragile ecological balance of the whole Antarctic region. These polar microbes mainly live in shallow ice layers and melted seasonal ice water. They include cold-resistant bacteria, fungi and tiny algae. 2 Polar algae can produce organic matter via photosynthesis, providing the basic food source for small marine creatures near Antarctic coasts. Global warming poses fatal threats to specialized Antarctic microbes. Rising air temperature melts surface ice earlier every year. 3 Adapted to stable icy living environment for millions of years, most microbes cannot survive sudden ice loss. Human outdoor activities worsen the survival pressure of polar microbes. Increasing polar scientific expeditions and tourist activities bring alien microbial species to Antarctica. 4 Invasive alien microbes occupy living space and compete for nutrition with native polar microbes. Protecting Antarctic microbes matters to global ecological stability. People tend to ignore tiny creatures while protecting flagship polar animals. 5 Protecting invisible polar microbes equals protecting the bottom of global food chains. A．They build the basic food web of Antarctic ecosystems. B．But people overlook the smallest native polar living things. C．Ice melting changes microbes’ fixed living temperature environment. D．Tourists are forbidden to touch ice surface during Antarctic trips. E．Native microbes have no natural enemies in original Antarctic habitats. F．These foreign microbes have stronger adaptability to temperature changes. G．Large polar animals have stronger ability to resist climate warming impacts. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章打破南极无小型生命的固有认知，介绍极地本土微生物的生态作用，分析气候变暖、人类活动对微生物的冲击，强调微观生物保护对全球生态的重要意义。 【详解】1．上文大众只知晓南极企鹅、海豹等大型动物，下文讲述微生物维系极地生态，空处转折点明大众忽略微型生物。B项“But people overlook the smallest native polar living things.(但人类忽略了极地最微小的本土生物)”转折衔接大小极地生物，开启下文话题。故选B。 2．上文介绍极地微生物种类，下文讲极地藻类供给底层生物食物，空处总述微生物生态作用。A项“They build the basic food web of Antarctic ecosystems.(它们构建起南极生态系统基础食物链)”总领本段作用，衔接后文食物供给细节。故选A。 3．上文升温导致冰层提前消融，下文微生物无法适应无冰环境，空处点明融冰带来的生存环境改变。C项“Ice melting changes microbes’ fixed living temperature environment.(冰层消融改变了微生物恒定的生存温度环境)”衔接变暖、融冰与微生物生存危机的关联。故选C。 4．上文人类活动带入外来微生物，下文外来物种抢占本土微生物生存资源，空处解释外来微生物竞争优势。F项“These foreign microbes have stronger adaptability to temperature changes.(这类外来微生物气温适应能力更强)”解释入侵成功原因，衔接后文生存竞争内容。故选F。 5．上文人类只保护极地大型动物、忽视微生物，下文点明微生物关乎全球食物链底层，E项“Native microbes have no natural enemies in original Antarctic habitats.(本土微生物在原生南极栖息地本无天敌)”补充原生生存状态，反衬人类入侵与气候变暖的破坏，收尾全文主旨。故选E。 Passage 1 Empowering Teens For Success: A Guide To Future Planning As high school students, you’re standing at the crossroads of adolescence and adulthood in today’s rapidly changing world. 1 This guide aims to empower you with the tools to navigate this critical time effectively. Start by reflecting on what truly interests you and where your strengths lie. It may be a passion for science, a talent for languages. or a talent in arts. 2 Engage in activities like journaling or career exploration workshops to discover more about yourself. Goals are the stepping stones to your future. Set Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) goals that will guide your actions and decisions. Both short-term goals, like improving your grades, and long-term aspirations, such as attending an ideal university, are crucial. 3 The traditional high school to university route is just one option. Consider job training, online courses, or even internships that might correspond better with your career goals. High school is the perfect time to explore these alternatives, helping you make informed decisions about your future. Having a strong support system is invaluable. Seek out advisors, teachers, or even peers who can offer guidance and encouragement. These relationships can provide you with different perspectives and valuable advice. 1 In this way, you will make wiser choices and also grow with the confidence to face difficulties. 2 You’re well on your way to create a future that’s bright and full of opportunities. Take the first step today and start shaping your tomorrow. A．Your future is a canvas, and you’re the artist. B．Methods like writing them down can also be helpful. C．You may feel confused when making choices for future. D．It’s about laying a strong foundation to support your dreams. E．Matching your goals with these can lead to a more rewarding journey. F．Remember, a good advisor listens, challenges, and respects your view G．They provide motivation and direction, ensuring you stay on your path to success 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章是一篇针对高中生未来规划的指南，旨在帮助他们在从青少年向成年人过渡的关键时期，有效规划未来。 【详解】1前文“As high school students, you’re standing at the crossroads of adolescence and adulthood in today’s rapidly changing world.(作为高中生，在当今瞬息万变的世界里，你们正站在青春期和成年期的十字路口。)”描述高中生处于青少年和成年人的十字路口，且世界变化迅速。选项 C“You may feel confused when making choices for future.(在为未来做选择时，你可能会感到困惑)”，结合前文的背景，自然地说明了高中生在这个特殊阶段可能面临的状况，引出后文要帮助他们规划未来的内容“This guide aims to empower you with the tools to navigate this critical time effectively.(本指南旨在为您提供有效应对这一关键时刻的工具。)”。故选C项。 2.前文“Start by reflecting on what truly interests you and where your strengths lie. It may be a passion for science, a talent for languages. or a talent in arts.(首先要反思你真正感兴趣的是什么，你的优势在哪里。它可能是对科学的热情，对语言的天赋。或者有艺术天赋。)”提到要反思自己的兴趣和优势，后文“Engage in activities like journaling or career exploration workshops to discover more about yourself.(参加一些活动，如写日记或职业探索工作坊，以更多地了解自己。)”建议通过写日记或参加职业探索工作坊等活动来更多地了解自己。选项E“Matching your goals with these can lead to a more rewarding journey.(将你的目标与这些相匹配可以带来更有意义的旅程)”，“这些”指代前文的兴趣和优势，进一步强调了了解自身兴趣和优势的重要性，以及与目标匹配的意义，起到了承上启下的作用。故选E项。 3．前文“Goals are the stepping stones to your future. Set Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) goals that will guide your actions and decisions. Both short-term goals, like improving your grades, and long-term aspirations, such as attending an ideal university, are crucial.(目标是通往未来的垫脚石。设定具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、相关的、有时限的 (SMART)目标来指导你的行动和决定。既有短期目标，比如提高成绩，也有长期目标。比如上一所理想的大学，都是至关重要的。)”强调目标是未来的垫脚石，要设定 SMART 目标，包括短期和长期目标。选项G“They provide motivation and direction, ensuring you stay on your path to success(它们提供动力和方向，确保你在通往成功的道路上保持前进)”，“它们”指代目标，进一步阐述了目标的作用，与前文对目标的强调相呼应。故选G项。 4．前文“Having a strong support system is invaluable. Seek out advisors, teachers, or even peers who can offer guidance and encouragement. These relationships can provide you with different perspectives and valuable advice.(拥有一个强大的支持系统是无价的。寻求顾问，老师，甚至同龄人谁可以提供指导和鼓励。这些关系可以为你提供不同的观点和有价值的建议。)”指出要有强大的支持系统，如寻求顾问、老师或同龄人提供指导和鼓励。选项F“Remember, a good advisor listens, challenges, and respects your view(记住，一个好的顾问会倾听、提出挑战并尊重你的观点)”，具体说明了一个好的顾问应具备的特质，是对前文寻求支持系统中顾问这一角色的进一步说明。故选F项。 5．前文介绍了规划未来的各种方法和要点，后文“Take the first step today and start shaping your tomorrow.(今天迈出第一步，开始塑造你的明天。)”鼓励学生迈出第一步，创造美好未来。选项A“Your future is a canvas, and you’re the artist.你的未来是一幅画布，而你是艺术家)”，形象地表达了学生可以自主创造未来，引出后文鼓励学生行动的内容。故选A项。 Passage2 With media and society placing so much emphasis on our appearance, being satisfied with the way we look can be a challenge. There are so many “perfect” looking celebrities to compare ourselves to. 1 Often, this thought doesn’t make anyone feel better. However, the truth is that you can take steps to start loving yourself more right now. 2 Whether you’re having a good body image day or a bad body image day, it’s important to wear something that makes you feel good about yourself. Forget the trends and keep your own style. Whether you want to dress up in jeans or you prefer your most comfortable pair of sweatpants, wear what feels good to you in the moment. Focus on your hobbies. 3 It gives you the ability to base your self- esteem on something other than your appearance. Do you want to learn guitar or a new language? Try cooking or run a mile faster than you did before? Set some goals for yourself and get started .Resist the urge to compare yourself to others. It can be a struggle to get past comparing yourself to celebrities and even good friends. 4 It’s time to find and enjoy your own beauty. Don’t be mad at the idea that your best friend looks good in a certain dress style, and you don’t. Instead, find what looks good and feels good on you. Move your body doing something enjoyable. As Elle Woods said, “Exercise gives you endorphins. Endorphins make you happy.” She’s right. Get yourself moving at least once a day. 5 If you’re not already doing sports every day, try going on walks, hiking, or doing yoga in your living room. It’s all about what makes you feel good. Some of these tips might work better for you than others, and you might figure out your own strategies on the way. But remember that boosting your body image is a process. It’s something you have to work on over time, and it will pay off. A．But nobody is the same. B．Wear clothes that you feel comfortable in. C．Adjust your dressing based on your body image. D．If you don’t feel completely good right away, that’s OK. E．Getting better at something you enjoy gives you confidence. F．You may not be a gym- goer, so you have to find what works for you. G．As a result, many people start to think, “I wish I looked more like them”. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何让自己对自己的外表感到满意的几点方法和建议。 1．根据前文“There are so many “perfect” looking celebrities to compare ourselves to.(有那么多看起来“完美”的明星可以和我们比较。)”提到有很多“完美”的名人可供我们比较自己，后面说这种想法不会让人感觉更好，G选项“As a result, many people start to think, “I wish I looked more like them”.(因此，许多人开始想，“我希望我看起来更像他们”。)”能够很好地承接上文，引出下文对这种想法的评价。故选G项。 2．根据下文“Whether you’re having a good body image day or a bad body image day, it’s important to wear something that makes you feel good about yourself. Forget the trends and keep your own style. Whether you want to dress up in jeans or you prefer your most comfortable pair of sweatpants, wear what feels good to you in the moment.(无论你是想保持良好的身材形象，还是想保持糟糕的身材形象，穿一些让你感觉良好的衣服是很重要的。忘掉潮流，保持自己的风格。不管你是想穿牛仔裤还是更喜欢最舒服的运动裤，那就穿你当时觉得舒服的吧。)”可知，这一段主要讲要穿让自己感觉良好的衣服，忘记潮流，保持自己的风格，B 选项“Wear clothes that you feel comfortable in.(穿让你感觉舒适的衣服)”符合这一段的主旨，适合作为该段小标题。故选B项。 3．根据该段小标题“Focus on your hobbies.(专注于你的爱好。)”可知，这一段说要专注于爱好，以及下文“Try cooking or run a mile faster than you did before? Set some goals for yourself and get started.( 为自己设定一些目标，然后开始行动。)”提到给自己设定目标并开始行动，E 选项“Getting better at something you enjoy gives you confidence.(在你喜欢的事情上变得更好会给你自信。)”能够说明专注爱好的好处，与上下文连贯。故选E项。 4．根据该段小标题“Resist the urge to compare yourself to others.(克制住把自己和别人比较的冲动)”可知，这一段要说克制自己，不要和别人比较，前文“It can be a struggle to get past comparing yourself to celebrities and even good friends.(把自己和名人甚至好朋友比较可能是一场斗争。)”说把自己和名人甚至好朋友比较，这可能是一场斗争，这会让人不愉快，以及后面“It’s time to find and enjoy your own beauty.(是时候发现并享受你自己的美了。)”说要发现并享受自己的美，A 选项“But nobody is the same.(但没有人是一样的。)”能够起到转折作用，引出后面关于欣赏自身美的内容。故选A项。 5．根据前文“Get yourself moving at least once a day.(让自己每天至少活动一次。)”说每天至少运动一次，以及下文“If you’re not already doing sports every day, try going on walks, hiking, or doing yoga in your living room.(如果你还没有每天做运动，试着在客厅里散步、徒步旅行或做瑜伽。)”说如果还没有每天运动，可以尝试散步、徒步或在客厅做瑜伽，F选项“You may not be a gym- goer, so you have to find what works for you.(你可能不是健身房常客，所以你必须找到适合你的方式。)”能够很好地连接上下文，说明运动方式要适合自己。故选F项。 Passage 3 Dealing with Appearance Anxiety Appearance anxiety means worrying too much about how you look, which is especially common among teenagers. 1 For example, spending hours checking carefully edited selfies on social media or comparing your appearance with others often leads to negative thoughts. Such constant worries not only damage self-confidence but may also lead to avoiding social situations like school events or group activities. Fortunately, there are ways to handle these feelings. The first step is to practice kindness toward yourself. Instead of thinking “My hair looks messy,” try saying “My hair protects me from the sun.” 2 Also, writing down three things your body helps you do daily (like “My arms let me hug my friends”) also builds lasting confidence. Creative activities and sports offer healthy ways to shift focus. 3 Also, team sports like basketball teach players to value skills over appearance, with 72% of players claiming teamwork makes them value ability over appearance. Even easy activities like walking can calm your mind by producing stress-relieving chemicals. 4 Choose friends who avoid comments on looks and join school clubs that welcome everyone. Adults like teachers can teach helpful tricks, like using apps to record feelings or ways to stay positive. Cutting down time on apps that make you compare yourself is another smart move. Remember, true beauty isn’t about being perfect physically. 5 When we care more about being kind and brave than looking a certain way, we start seeing real beauty in who people are, not just how they appear. A．Limit your Internet exposure. B．Turn to trusted people for help. C．Social comparison is the major cause. D．Regular exercise improves physical health. E．Such changes boost how you view yourself. F．It is about the special things that make you “you”. G．Painting helps focus on creativity rather than looks. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．G 4．B 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何应对外貌焦虑的方法，包括自我关怀、参与创造性活动和运动、寻求信任的人帮助以及认识到真正的美在于内在特质。 【详解】76．根据上文“Appearance anxiety means worrying too much about how you look, which is especially common among teenagers. (外貌焦虑指的是过度担心自己的外表，这种情况在青少年中尤为常见。)”以及下文“For example, spending hours checking carefully edited selfies on social media or comparing your appearance with others often leads to negative thoughts. (例如，花几个小时在社交媒体上查看精心编辑的自拍照，或者将自己的外表与他人进行比较，往往会导致消极的想法。)”可知，上文说明了外貌焦虑的成因，下文具体举例说明了原因，即与他人进行比较，C选项“Social comparison is the major cause. (社会比较是主要原因。)”承上启下，且其中“Social comparison”与下文“comparing your appearance with others”相呼应。故选C项。 1．根据上文“The first step is to practice kindness toward yourself. Instead of thinking “My hair looks messy,” try saying “My hair protects me from the sun.” (第一步是对自己友善。不要想“我的头发看起来很乱”，试着说“我的头发保护我免受阳光的伤害。”)”以及下文“Also, writing down three things your body helps you do daily (like “My arms let me hug my friends”) also builds lasting confidence. (此外，写下你的身体每天帮你做的三件事（比如“我的手臂让我能拥抱朋友”）也能建立持久的自信。)”可知，此处应说明这种思维转变的作用，E选项“Such changes boost how you view yourself. (这样的改变会提升你对自己的看法。)”，中的“Such changes”指代上文从消极想法到积极想法的转变，且“boost how you view yourself”与下文“builds lasting confidence”相呼应。故选E项。 2．根据上文“Creative activities and sports offer healthy ways to shift focus. (创造性活动和运动提供了转移注意力的健康方式。)”以及下文“Also, team sports like basketball teach players to value skills over appearance, with 72% of players claiming teamwork makes them value ability over appearance. (此外，像篮球这样的团队运动教会运动员重视技能而非外表，72%的运动员表示团队合作让他们更重视能力而非外表。)”可知，上文提出创造性活动和运动可以转移对外貌的注意力，下文举例说明了团队运动的作用，G选项“Painting helps focus on creativity rather than looks. (绘画有助于关注创造力而非外表。)”，举例说明了创造性活动的作用，与上下文构成并列关系。故选G项。 3．根据下文“Choose friends who avoid comments on looks and join school clubs that welcome everyone. Adults like teachers can teach helpful tricks, like using apps to record feelings or ways to stay positive. Cutting down time on apps that make you compare yourself is another smart move. (选择那些避免评论外表的朋友，加入欢迎每个人的学校俱乐部。像老师这样的成年人可以教一些有用的技巧，比如使用应用程序记录感受或保持积极的方法。减少花在那些让你与人攀比的应用程序上的时间是另一个明智之举。)”可知，本段主要讲的是向信任的人求助、选择合适的社交圈以及减少不良信息影响等，B选项“Turn to trusted people for help. (向信任的人寻求帮助。)”，概括了段落中关于朋友和老师的建议，可作为段落主旨句。故选B项。 4．根据上文“Remember, true beauty isn’t about being perfect physically. (记住，真正的美不在于外表的完美。)”以及下文“When we care more about being kind and brave than looking a certain way, we start seeing real beauty in who people are, not just how they appear. (当我们更关心善良和勇敢，而不是外表时，我们开始看到人们真正的美丽，而不仅仅是他们的外表。)”可知，上文提出真正的美不在于外表的完美，下文进一步说明真正的美在于内在特质，F选项“It is about the special things that make you “you”. (它是关于那些让你成为“你”的特殊品质。)”， 承接上文，说明真正的美在于个人独特的内在特质，且与下文“being kind and brave”等内在品质相呼应，与上下文构成递进关系。故选F项。 Passage 4 Accepting AI for small business growth is becoming necessary for success in today’s dynamic market. Here’s a beginner’s guide to AI in business, especially in small businesses. 1 The first step in choosing AI for your small business is to identify your specific needs and goals. Determine which issues you want to solve. AI works best when tailored to your business’s unique requirements. By pointing out your business’s pain points, you’ll gain a better understanding of how AI can assist and where to begin. Select the proper AI tools 2 the next step is choosing the right tools. With various AI platforms and software available, it’s important to select those tailored to your industry and needs. Choosing AI solutions that fit your business’s budget, size, and goals is important. Begin small and grow gradually Start by applying AI to a single area of your operations. 3 It can also allow you to refine (改进) your strategy based on observed results. As you become more comfortable with the tools and recognize their benefits, you can gradually apply AI to other areas of the business. Educate your team Providing training for your employees is important for making full use of AI technologies. Numerous online resources and courses focus on AI development, machine learning, and data analysis. 4 Emphasize data privacy and security If you are seeking AI powered business growth, paying attention to data security and privacy is significant. 5 By emphasizing data security, you’ll build trust with your customers and reduce risk of potential legal issues. A．Recognize the value of AI application. B．Identify your business needs and goals. C．After deciding to use AI to drive business growth, D．After identifying where AI can benefit your business, E．Small businesses must be able to handle customer data responsibly. F．This method lets you measure the results without letting your team feel unprepared. G．Equipping your team with this knowledge will enhance AI’s impact on your business. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小型企业应用人工智能促进业务增长的入门指南。 1．由下文“The first step in choosing AI for your small business is to identify your specific needs and goals. (为小型企业选择人工智能的第一步是确定你的具体需求和目标)”可知，本段主要讲述的是确定你的具体需求和目标，B选项“Identify your business needs and goals. (确定你的业务需求和目标)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为段落小标题。故选B。 2．由上段“By pointing out your business’s pain points, you’ll gain a better understanding of how AI can assist and where to begin. (通过指出您企业的痛点，您将更好地了解AI如何提供帮助以及从哪里开始)”、“Select the proper AI tools (选择合适的人工智能工具)”以及下文“the next step is choosing the right tools. With various AI platforms and software available, it’s important to select those tailored to your industry and needs. (下一步就是选择合适的工具。由于目前有各种各样的人工智能平台和软件可供选择，因此挑选那些适合你所在行业和需求的工具至关重要)”可知，本空应承接上文了解人工智能的好处，引出下一步是选择合适的人工智能，D选项“After identifying where AI can benefit your business, (在确定人工智能可以为您的业务带来哪些好处之后)”符合语境，承上启下，故选D。 3．由下文“It can also allow you to refine (改进) your strategy based on observed results. (它还可以让你根据观察到的结果来改进你的策略)”中also可知，本空也介绍应用人工智能的一个好处。F选项“This method lets you measure the results without letting your team feel unprepared. (这种方法可以让你在不让团队感到措手不及的情况下衡量结果)”符合语境，故选F。 4．由上文“Providing training for your employees is important for making full use of AI technologies. Numerous online resources and courses focus on AI development, machine learning, and data analysis. (为员工提供培训对于充分利用人工智能技术非常重要。许多在线资源和课程都专注于人工智能开发、机器学习和数据分析)”可知，上文介绍为员工提供培训，让他们了解人工智能开发、机器学习和数据分析，本空应介绍这些措施的影响，G选项“Equipping your team with this knowledge will enhance AI’s impact on your business. (让你的团队掌握这些知识将增强人工智能对你业务的影响)”符合语境，承接上文，故选G。 5．由上文“If you are seeking AI powered business growth, paying attention to data security and privacy is significant. (如果你正在寻求人工智能驱动的业务增长，关注数据安全和隐私是非常重要的)”以及下文“By emphasizing data security, you’ll build trust with your customers and reduce risk of potential legal issues. (通过强调数据安全，你将与客户建立信任，并降低潜在法律问题的风险)”可知，本空应说明小型企业在使用人工智能时对数据安全和隐私的具体要求，E选项“Small businesses must be able to handle customer data responsibly.(小型企业必须能够负责任地处理客户数据)”符合语境，承上启下，故选E。 Passage 5 How to Reduce Excessive Daydreaming Daydreaming can be a pleasant escape, but when it becomes excessive (过量的), it can negatively impact our daily lives and responsibilities. Here are some strategies to help you cut down on daydreaming and stay more engaged with the present.Analyze your daydreaming patterns Understanding the purpose and recognizing patterns of your daydreaming is key. Daydreams may serve to escape stress, comfort yourself, or forget painful memories. 1 . For example, do you daydream more when you’re bored or stressed? Also, list the negative impacts on daily life, such as poor focus at work or school, or tense relationships. This awareness is the first step toward change.Use daydream reduction techniques Enhance awareness of when you’re daydreaming, indicated by signs like losing eye contact or difficulty focusing. 2 . Then set limits for daydream content, and shift them toward positive, goal-oriented thoughts instead of letting them wander aimlessly. Reward yourself when you stay focused. If excessive daydreaming continues to affect your life negatively, consider professional treatment.Increase focus To improve your focus, start with good sleep. 3 . Then, practice mindfulness by doing something simple, like enjoying a piece of fruit. These two steps can help ground you in the present and keep your mind sharp. 4 Find hobbies that inspire and require focus, like hiking or meditation (冥想). Other activities like reading, solving puzzles or practicing a musical instrument can also help build your focus. Avoid excessive TV or screen time, which can increase daydreaming. Plan less and do more by setting a clear routine, which allows you stay focused and avoid things that pull your attention away. Controlling excessive daydreaming is not about getting rid of imagination but about finding a healthy balance. 5 . With efforts, you can achieve this goal and enjoy a more focused and satisfying life. A．Develop more hobbies B．Engage in focus-building activities C．A well-rested mind is less likely to wander D．When feeling tired, get up and move to refocus E．Keep a record of the details of each daydream first F．In fact, the goal is to stay present and engaged with life G．Note when and where you daydream most, and identify any causes 【答案】1．G 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何通过分析白日梦模式、使用减少白日梦的技巧、提高专注力以及培养兴趣爱好等策略来减少过度的白日梦，从而更好地专注于当下生活。 1．根据下文“For example, do you daydream more when you’re bored or stressed? Also, list the negative impacts on daily life(例如，你在无聊或有压力的时候会更多地做白日梦吗？同时，列出对日常生活的负面影响)” 可知，此处是在建议要记录白日梦发生的时间、地点以及原因等细节。选项 G“注意你最常在何时何地做白日梦，并找出任何原因”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据下文“Then set limits for daydream content, and shift them toward positive,goal-oriented thoughts instead of letting them wander aimlessly. Reward yourself when you stay focused.(然后为白日梦的内容设定限制，把它们转向积极的、目标导向的想法，而不是让它们漫无目的地游荡)”中的then可知，选项应说明为白日梦的内容设定限制之前要做的事情。选项 E“首先记录每个白日梦的细节”符合语境，与下文为并列关系。故选E。 3．根据上文“To improve your focus, start with good sleep.(为了提高注意力，从良好的睡眠开始)” 可知，接下来要说明良好睡眠与注意力的关系。选项C“一个休息好的大脑不太可能走神”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据文章第五段“Find hobbies that inspire and require focus, like hiking or meditation. Other activities like reading, solving puzzles or practicing a musical instrument can also help build your focus(找到能激发并需要专注的爱好，比如徒步旅行或冥想。其他活动，如阅读、解谜或练习乐器也有助于培养你的专注力)”，可知这段主要讲的是通过参与一些活动来培养专注力。选项 B“参与专注培养活动”能概括该段内容，故选B。 5．根据上文“Controlling excessive daydreaming is not about getting rid of imagination but about finding a healthy balance.(控制过度白日梦不是要摆脱想象力，而是要找到一种健康的平衡)” 可知，此处要进一步说明控制白日梦的目标。选项 F“事实上，目标是活在当下，投入生活”符合语境，故选F。 Passage 6 We’ve all been there — dinner is over, but your stomach (or is it your mind?) is calling you back to the kitchen. Many of us experience the temptation of after-dinner cravings (渴望). 1 . But why do they happen, even if you’ve eaten well all day? Let’s unpack the science behind these urges and explore practical solutions to help reduce the likelihood of after-dinner cravings. Identifying triggers (诱因) After-dinner cravings can stem from psychological needs to genuine hunger. 2 . Meanwhile, if your meals throughout the day lack sufficient protein or calories, your body might be signaling a real need for additional nutrients. It’s essential to distinguish between the two to address them effectively. 3 The size of your meals can significantly influence after-dinner cravings. Not getting enough calories throughout the day, particularly at dinner, can trigger hunger suffering overnight, as your body seeks to fuel itself. Conversely, overeating can lead to uncomfortable fullness and potentially disrupt your metabolism (新陈代谢) and sleep patterns. Finding the right balance is a must. Boosting protein and veggies Protein boasts a high satiety (饱腹感) index thanks to its ability to trigger the release of appetite-regulating hormones (激素). Vegetables, too, work in promoting satiety. Their high fiber content slows down digestion, and their high water content adds volume to meals without adding significant calories. Include protein and vegetables in your meals. 1 . Engaging in after-dinner movement 2 . It’s not only good for digestion, but helps stabilize blood sugar levels, potentially reducing the sharp rises and drops that can trigger cravings. The act of moving your body can elevate levels of endorphins, hormones known to promote feelings of well-being and potentially reduce cravings. A．Reshaping your habits B．Eating properly-portioned meals C．They can seemingly be at odds with our health goals D．They’re great combinations to help you keep cravings at bay E．Light physical activity, like walking, offers a two-fold benefits F．Including a protein source at each meal, you feel the less urge to snack later on G．Stress or boredom may trick you into thinking you’re hungry, causing unnecessary snacking 【答案】1．C 2．G 3．B 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条抑制餐后食欲的建议。 【详解】91．根据前文“Many of us experience the temptation of after-dinner cravings (渴望). (我们很多人都经历过餐后食欲的诱惑。)”强调我们很多人都经历过餐后食欲的诱惑。C选项“They can seemingly be at odds with our health goals (它们似乎与我们的健康目标不一致)”中的they指代前文的“cravings”，形成呼应，自出这些欲望与健康目标不一致，符合语境，故选C。 1．根据前文“After-dinner cravings can stem from psychological needs to genuine hunger. (餐后的渴望可能源于真正饥饿的心理需求。)”此处强调餐后的欲望来自于真正的心理需求，后文“心理需求”进行解释。G选项“Stress or boredom may trick you into thinking you’re hungry, causing unnecessary snacking (压力或无聊可能会让你误以为自己饿了，导致你吃不必要的零食)”中的stress和boredom与前文的“心理需求”形成呼应，强调压力或无聊可能会让你误以为自己饿了，导致你吃不必要的零食，符合语境。故选G。 2．设空处为本段段旨，同时也为本段小标题。根据后文“The size of your meals can significantly influence after-dinner cravings. Not getting enough calories throughout the day, particularly at dinner, can trigger hunger suffering overnight, as your body seeks to fuel itself. (你的饭量会显著影响饭后的渴望。一天中没有摄入足够的卡路里，尤其是在晚餐时，会引发一夜之间的饥饿感，因为你的身体会寻求给自己补充能量。)”可知，本段阐述的是每天要合理的安排和分配膳食。B选项“Eating properly-portioned meals (合理分配膳食)”概括本段主要内容，符合语境。故选B。 3．根据前文“Include protein and vegetables in your meals. (在你的膳食中加入蛋白质和蔬菜。)”此处强调的是饮食中蛋白质和蔬菜的重要性。D选项“They’re great combinations to help you keep cravings at bay (它们是很好的组合，可以帮助你控制食欲)”中的combinations与前文的“蛋白质和蔬菜”形成呼应，强调二者的组合能够控制食欲，符合语境。故选D。 4．根据本段段旨“Engaging in after-dinner movement (参加餐后活动)”可知，本段建议餐后参加锻炼运动。E选项“Light physical activity, like walking, offers a two-fold benefits (轻微的身体活动，比如散步，有双重好处)”强调饭后散步以及轻微的身体运动的好处，符合语境。故选E。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题 04 七选五（期末复习专项训练） 话题类型一: 人与自我（6篇） Passage 1（2025高二下·广东省广州市天河区·期末） Fire has been a crucial tool for humans for over a million years. It allowed our ancestors to cook food, stay warm, and see in the dark. Despite its importance, there is a puzzling gap in evidence regarding its use during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). 1 which was marked by extremely cold temperatures, making fire essential for survival. Recent studies have begun to shed light on this mystery. 2 These fireplaces, constructed with remarkable skill, provide valuable insights into the use of fire during this period. They were designed to burn wood, primarily spruce, at temperatures above 600°C． Such high temperatures suggest a complicated understanding of fire-making techniques. 3 which suggests that fire was used less frequently during the LGM. This raises questions about why these fireplaces were so rare. Several theories have been proposed to explain this shortage. One possibility is that the extreme cold prevented the growth of trees, limiting the availability of wood for fuel. Another theory suggests that harsh environmental conditions may have destroyed evidence of past fires. 4 Alternatively, it’s possible that people used fire less frequently during the LGM, relying on other methods for warmth and cooking. 5 Fire was not just a simple tool but a key element that shaped the way our ancestors lived and survived in harsh conditions. Further research and discoveries of ancient fireplaces will continue to brighten this aspect of our pre-historic past. A．It is the coldest part of the last Ice Age, B．Both theories are widely accepted by scientists. C．Fire-making skills were common in various places. D．However, there is little evidence of widespread fire use, E．Researchers discovered three ancient fireplaces dating back to the LGM. F．Studying fire is crucial for understanding our adaptation to extreme climates. G．Specifically, cold climate may have led to the lack of archaeological findings. Passage 2（2025高二下·甘肃省多校·期末） What If Your Roommate Has a Mental Health Condition? Living with a roommate who suffers from a mental health condition like anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder can be stressful. 1 But it’s also important to look out for yourself. Here are some useful tips: Ask How You Can Be Supportive 2 If they say they need peace and quiet in the morning, do your best to honour that request. Don’t assume you understand how they feel. If they’d like to talk, provide a listening ear. Talk Face-to-Face First and foremost, don’t try to solve problems in an email or through texting. It’s too easy to misunderstand what someone means when you can’t hear their tone of voice or see their body language. 3 Not only are people more likely to be unkind on social media, but the whole world also becomes privy (知情的) to your private business. Talking face-to-face is a must. 4 Speaking about your feelings rather attacking the other person is one of the most important ways to handle conflict with anyone. Instead of saying, “You play loud music late at night,” you might say, “I have a hard time sleeping when music’s coming from your room after 11 o’clock.” When you speak about your own feelings and experiences, your roommate won’t be triggered (引发) to defend themselves. If All Else Fails, Move Certain situations aren’t fixable. If you’ve expressed your concerns to your roommate, made concessions (让步) yourself, and nothing is changing, you may need to move to a different room or look for a new roommate or a new apartment. 5 A．Use “I” Statements. B．Practise Self-Care. C．In cases like these, greater attention and patience are required. D．Remember: your mental health needs to come first. E．Don’t think of how you’re going to prove them wrong while they’re speaking. F．Rather than tell your roommate what you think they should do, ask how you can be of help. G．And under no conditions should you ever try to deal with disagreement on social media. Passage 3（2025高二下·福建省福州市福九联盟·期末） Tang Poetry: Bridges Across Time Tang poetry, reaching its golden age during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), reflects society, nature, and human emotions with striking clarity. 1 Now let’s uncover how these verses still speak to modern hearts. 2 The “lüshi ”(律诗), an eight-line poem with demanding tonal rules, often describes landscapes or philosophical reflections. For instance, Li Bai’s Drinking Alone Under the Moon uses rhythmic patterns to combine loneliness with universal wonder, proving that structure fuels creativity rather than limiting it. These poems explore permanent themes.They convey joys and sorrows mirroring today’s struggles.Wang Wei’s Deer Enclosure presents solitude through an empty mountain forest, while Du Fu’s Spring Prospect expresses his sadness about war’s destruction using wilted flowers. 3 4 Translations of Wang Wei’s nature poems inspired 19th-century French Impressionists, while Ezra Pound’s adaptations of Li Bai reshaped Western modernist poetry. Today, AI programs analyze Tang metrics(诗韵) to compose new “ancient-style” verses, integrating tradition with technology.   In Chinese education, Tang poetry is irreplaceable. Students memorize verses not just for exams but to connect with their heritage. 5 A 2023 study found students analyzing A Night Mooring at Maple Bridge improved metaphor interpretation skills by 40% compared to peers studying only modern texts. Teachers call it “emotional time travel” that bridges past and present. More than relics, Tang poems are alive — quoted in speeches, sung in pop songs, and even inspiring AI-generated art. Their endurance lies in speaking the unspoken, whether in 800 AD or the digital age. A．Tang poetry’s influence still evolves creatively. B．Remarkably, Tang poetry bridges East and West. C．Strict formats are seen as tools for artistic expression. D．Scholars use these poems to study Tang Dynasty fashion trends. E．Additionally, it contributes to cultivating the ability of thinking. F．Meanwhile, it reveals the inclusive, optimistic and brave spirit of the times. G．Such imagery connects modern readers to Tang-era hardships and hopes. Passage 4（2025高二下·广东省清远市·期末） Research shows that past adversity can help you persevere in the face of current stress. Those who experienced a moderate level of adversity reported better mental health and well-being compared to those with either severe adversity or none at all. 1 They increase empathy(共情). 2 Difficult experiences can help you better identify with others’ challenges and see things from their perspective. Having struggled yourself, you’re more likely to respond with understanding rather than judgment. They can lead to post-traumatic growth (创伤后成长) (PTG). Many may know about post-traumatic stress disorder, but how many have heard of PTG? 3 PTG often includes renewed appreciation for life, enhanced personal strength, and stronger relationships. 4 Finding the positive side in difficult times can be challenging, especially when things feel out of control. Yet finding the upside to adversity changes the way people deal with difficult situations. It encourages people to seek support, increases hope and promotes healthier responses to stress. They help you reinterpret stress as a challenge. Past struggles remind you of your ability to overcome difficulties. 5 This shift leads to enhanced concentration, improved performance, and greater confidence. People with a challenge-focused outlook report lower levels of depression and anxiety, along with higher levels of energy, work performance and life satisfaction. If you’re experiencing a tough time right now, remember that past struggles, even small ones, have given you some ability to manage this moment. A．They help you find the good. B．They decrease your stress levels dramatically. C．Past struggles can help you become stronger in multiple ways. D．They build your confidence to view stress as a challenge, not a threat. E．PTG doesn’t imply people are unaffected by what they’ve been through. F．In today’s world, leading and living with empathy is more important than ever. G．The term describes the positive change after going through a significantly stressful event. Passage 5（2025高二下·福建省泉州市四校联考·期末） Every year, Tyler VanderWeele chooses a six-week period to do things for others that might ordinarily seem too inconvenient. 1 He might give a friend an unexpected gift, invite someone out for coffee, set aside time at work to support a colleague, or bring a family member’s favorite food to the dinner table. 2 Such acts of kindness can not only make the giver and recipient feel good, but they can also promote our psychological and physical health in surprising ways. There’s convincing evidence that kindness is linked with a number of aspects of health and well-being. Some studies have indicated it can improve happiness and a sense of engagement with life and reduce symptoms of anxiety. 3 An international trial published online by Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology suggested that kindness decreases social isolation and loneliness, which are increasingly linked to a variety of negative health effects. There’s growing research that our bodies benefit too, with kindness associated with lower blood pressure and stress levels. And focused efforts matter. 4 Performing five selfless acts on a single day each week for six weeks, as VanderWeele does, benefits more than spreading them over the course of a week. For instance, consistent volunteerism, a form of sustained kindness, is connected with living longer and functioning better as we age. But is kindness born or made? How can kindness be developed? It may be more challenging for some, but reflecting on times when others have been kind to you can create more kindness. Pick one day a week for six straight weeks to do five kind things. 5 A．His good deeds are many and varied. B．That person goes on to act more kindly. C．Over time, you can become a kinder person D．It also increases a sense of social connectedness. E．You may believe yourself to be a very kind person. F．These examples are more than just random displays of generosity. G．Concentrating on kind gestures enhances well-being more powerfully Passage 6（2025高二下·甘肃省平凉市·期末） What will you do if you can’t eat everything bought in the canteen? 1 According to a survey, what students waste every year could feed over 10 million people. 2 According to Xinhua News Agency, the food wasted by Chinese people is about 50 million tons of grain every year, which could feed 200 million people. Food waste, which has become a global issue, serves as a mirror that reflects various cultural and social issues in different countries. In the West, for instance, consumerism, the belief that it’s good to use a lot of goods and services, is often to blame for food waste. 3 Chinese people are well known for being hospitable and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food. On campus, a generation of single children is less aware of the food waste issue. Students nowadays are well protected by their families and hardly have any concept of how much toil others go through in order to provide them with the food they eat. 4 There are 925 million hungry people in the world. They don’t have enough food to eat. And farmers work very hard to grow the crops. 5 It’s also important that everyone thinks about how they can do their bit to reduce food waste. Recently a campaign against food waste launched on line in China might make you think twice about being so wasteful. A．Students waste is extremely serious, B．To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. C．China, in turn, features its own eating culture. D．But canteen waste is merely the tip of the iceberg. E．So we shouldn’t waste our food. F．Students can never realize the serious food waste situation. G．Most of us would simply throw away any leftover food. 主题类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1（2025高二下·甘肃省定西市临洮县·期末） Your comfort zone is that familiar, predictable space where tasks feel effortless — a protective bubble (泡沫) shielding you from stress and uncertainty. 1 There are some ways to break out of your comfort zone without going too far. Do everyday things differently. Take a different route to work. 2 Whether the change you make is big or small, make a change in the way you do things on a day-to-day basis. Look for the perspective that comes from any change, even if it’s negative. Don’t be put off if things don’t work out the way you planned. Take your time making decisions. Sometimes slowing down is all it takes to make you uncomfortable — especially if speed and quick thinking are prized in your work or personal life. 3 And take your time to interpret what you see. Sometimes just defending your right to make an educated decision can push you out of your comfort zone. 4 It takes a lot of courage to break out of your comfort zone. You get the same benefits whether you go in with both feet or you do if you start slow, so don’t be afraid to start slow. Identify your fears, and then face them step by step. There are lots of ways to stretch your personal boundaries. You can learn a new language or skill, connect with people that inspire you, or volunteer in an organization that does great work. You can also travel whether you go around the block or across the globe. 5 A．Do it in small steps. B．Try a new operating system. C．Increase the difficulty continuously. D．Slow down, and observe what’s going on. E．Leaving it means increased risk and anxiety. F．But true growth requires stepping beyond its edges. G．It’s perhaps the best way to broaden your perspectives. Passage 2（2025高二下·广东省广州市越秀区·期末） How to Use a Modern Public Library? Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? 1 It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business. Check out a book While libraries still loan out books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. 2 Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up. Check out other items The library is now a multimedia zone that is loaded with information in many formats. You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. 3 If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown. 4 Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kids to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. Start a business using the help of your local library If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce (商会) and government agencies. 5 A．Join targeted reading groups. B．Use library tablets for e-books. C．Some libraries even loan out toys and games. D．The library provides private online chat rooms for study discussions. E．If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. F．Moreover, they will also offer printing, faxing and database services you need. G．Via such networks, libraries share their books with each other using delivery vehicles. Passage 3（2025高二下·甘肃省天水市·期末） Rather than focusing on giving up an existing bad habit, it’s often easier to replace it with a healthier habit. Of course, bad habits can be stubborn. 1 . Here are some practical yet powerful tips to help you. 2 . People label bad habits “bad” because of negative consequences. Your smoking habit could be seriously damaging your health, or your habit of impulse (冲动) shopping could damage your budget. Know about these effects can help you stay motivated even during setbacks. Set the specific goals. Coming up with the right goal is an important step in dropping a bad habit. 3 . Otherwise, you can risk sliding back into old patterns of behavior and you might be setting yourself up for disappointment. Build your action plan. When it comes to breaking a bad habit, there’s no one-size-fits-all solution. You can create a routine around the new habit. For example, you might make a cup of coffee and sip it as you walk around the neighborhood. Or you could use that time to chat with a best friend on the phone. 4 . Cope with habit changes. Even if you’ve developed a healthier habit, it doesn’t mean the work is done. 5 . So continue to build on your newly formed habits. You can progress from daily walking to jogging, or try new recipes after adopting healthy eating habits. All of this will further reinforce good habits as a regular part of your life. A．Many of us have many bad habits B．Identify the causes of the bad habits C．Understand the influences of bad habits on you D．In fact, it’s easy and common for old behaviors to return E．These actions can also encourage you to maintain the healthy habits. F．You should avoid having goals that are too general or difficult to measure G．You may have tried many times to drop an unwanted habit, only to find you fail Passage 4（2025高二下甘肃省白银市·期末） Flying for the first time can be both exciting and tense. 1 , knowing what to expect and how to prepare can make your first flight a smooth and enjoyable experience. Here are some essential tips to help you get ready for your first flight.Prepare thoroughly before your flight 2 . Research the airline’s policies regarding baggage allowances and the specific requirements for your destination. Pack smartly, keeping in mind the essentials you’ll need during your trip. Make sure to bring your identification, tickets, and the necessary travel documents. If you’re traveling internationally, double-check visa requirements and ensure your passport is valid.Familiarize yourself with airport procedures Airports can be busy and confusing places, especially if you’re a first-time flyer. 3 Many airports have online guides that can help you find the terminal (航站楼). Understand the security checkpoint process and be prepared to remove items for inspection. 4 Air travel can be tiring, so it’s important to prioritize your comfort. Bring a travel pillow and blanket to help you sleep, and consider wearing noise-canceling headphones to block out engine noise. Take advantage of in-flight entertainment options, but also bring your own books, magazines, or electronic devices to keep you occupied. If you get airsick, consider taking some medications.Manage anxiety and enjoy the experience It’s normal to feel anxious about flying, especially if it’s your first time. Try to stay calm and remind yourself that air travel is one of the safest forms of transportation. Practice deep breathing exercises to help manage any nervousness. Engage with your fellow passengers and flight crew. They can offer reassurance and make the experience more enjoyable. 5 . A．In order to have a nice trip B．Stay comfortable during the flight C．Take your necessary items with you D．You need to know the structure of the airport E．You can start by understanding the basics of air travel F．Whether you’re traveling for business or visiting family G．Finally, look out of the window and enjoy the unique view Passage 5（2025高二下·福建省福州市（八县市）协作校·期末） Psychologists have conducted thousands of studies of the features people find desirable in friends. But all the studies don’t spell out clearly the practical advice about the specific approaches people can use to move from social isolation through initial acquaintance (认识) to close friendship. 1 . Here are four of them. ·Spend time together. People began to move from acquaintance to casual friend after spending around 30 hours together. It took at least 140 hours together to become a close friend. 2 . It was found that small talk about sports, for example, was less helpful for making friends than joking or showing concern. · 3 . When you are paying attention to what your conversation partner is saying, they feel understood and accepted. How do you make it obvious you are paying attention? Making appropriate eye contact is one signal, which increases the chances that they’ll feel similar to you, and enjoy the conversation. ·Open up. 4 . Be someone that others feel at ease to confide (倾诉) in. When you embrace this openness in your relationships, you’ll attract people who value authenticity and who will be equally open with you in return. ·Don’t underestimate the power of simply reaching out. In a test, researchers asked 109 students to write a short note to someone in their social circle, simply to “check in and say hello”. Then the researchers delivered the notes and asked the receivers how much they appreciated them. 5 A．Be a responsive listener. B．Attach importance to your communication. C．Share your true thoughts and feelings honestly. D．You were not as reliable as your friends had thought. E．It also mattered what people did during those hours together. F．If you dig, you can find a few useful strategies buried in all that research. G．The result was that the receivers enjoyed the notes much more than the senders had expected. Passage 6（2025高二下·广东省揭阳市·期末） Ways to Boost Your Chances of a Good Night’s Rest Experts have found more evidence of the harm caused by disturbing our body clocks, linking it to depression and mental disorder. It’s a warning to our body’s natural rhythms, which influence our sleep as well as a range of other processes in our body. Here are the things we can do for a good night’s sleep. · Limit evening light. Are you inseparable from your mobile phone? Do you check your social media late into the night? 1 These devices produce powerful blue light that is particularly bad for our sleep. Having a cut-off time for stopping using these devices of an hour and a half before bed is ideal. We should also limit other forms of electric light after sunset. · 2 A glass or two of wine, or a sip or two of brandy, for many is a pre-bed routine. But despite what you might think, experts say that a glass of wine before bedtime actually doesn’t improve our sleep. Alcohol has a strange effect in that it makes it easier to fall asleep, but it makes it harder to stay asleep and it affects the quality of our sleep. · Be consistent. It may be tempting to stay up late on Friday or Saturday. 3 This helps to reduce social mismatch between when we sleep during the working week compared with the weekend. The bigger the social mismatch, the more harmful it is for health. · Have a pre-bed routine. Having a pre-bed routine helps signal to our bodies that it’s time for sleep. Activities such as reading a book or having a bath can help to mentally relax and get us ready for bed. Parents do this with their child to get good sleep. They have a set routine where they feed, bathe their children and put them into bed. 4 · Make your bedroom a place of rest. Easily portable computers and phones have transformed our bedrooms from sanctuaries (保护区) of rest into places of entertainment. 5 To do this, we should keep phones and computers in other rooms. Keeping your bedroom cool is also important because it’s easier for our bodies to sleep in colder temperatures. A．Avoid a night wine. B．Get a good night’s sleep. C．If so, you’re likely to be disturbing your sleep. D．There’s nothing around them and then they read them a story. E．Our body clocks are designed to follow the rise and fall of our sleep. F．However, ideally we should go to bed at similar times throughout the week. G．But to boost our chances of a good night’s rest, we must reclaim them for sleep. 话题类型三: 人与自然（6篇） Passage 1 In the depths of a forest in Northland, New Zealand, an architectural exploration is underway. 1 Architect Brett Hulley and his wife Rose, driven by this vision, began their home-building journey. Initially, the couple wanted a wild piece of land for ecological restoration. Luck led them in 2016 to Pataua North, covered with native forest. 2 Brett designed the house to suit the site and natural conditions. The living, dining, and kitchen area face north, while bedrooms and a toilet are to the south, with an outdoor shower nearby in the forest. 3 Every room has natural air flow, and high-level windows in the roof let out hot air in summer. This connection to nature helps people value the environment and live in an eco-friendly way. 4 Local trees are the main building materials. Imperfect layered wood is used for the outer covering and inner panels. Long-lasting wood is used for furniture and built-in tables and bench seats.Internal doors are made from recycled wood from Rose’ s parents’ old kitchen. Even tree branches and trunks are cleverly integrated into the structure and joinery. The house is connected to New Zealand’s electricity system, which uses mostly renewable energy. It also has a 40,000-litre rainwater tank and a worm farm to treat wastewater. Their journey was full of challenges. 5 The house stands as a model of sustainable living, combining human comfort with environmental care. For Brett and Rose, their journey is more than building a house. It’s about creating a life surrounded by nature they cherish and protect. A．Natural materials are used throughout the house. B．It aims to find harmony between humans and nature. C．Large windows capture the winter sun and block summer heat. D．They decided to carefully protect what’s here instead of rewilding. E．The couple are proud of the family for making their dream come true. F．Brett was inspired to look for architecture that connects them with nature. G．But it showed how thoughtful design and respect for nature can create a home. Passage 2 Beneath the shallow coastal waters of southern Australia lies a vital underwater ecosystem: seagrass meadows. These green underwater fields once covered vast coastal areas, supporting countless marine creatures. 1 Decades of coastal pollution, boat anchoring and seawater warming have destroyed nearly half of local seagrass areas since 1990. To reverse the terrible situation, an environmental team launched a large-scale seagrass restoration project in 2018. 2 Unlike quick artificial planting methods used elsewhere, the team chose a low-interference way to fit local marine rules. They collected ripe seagrass seeds naturally fallen from healthy meadows instead of digging up grown seagrass. Seed collection requires strict timing and professional skills. Workers dive into seawater at fixed tides to gather mature seeds, avoiding damage to original underwater plants. 3 After being cleaned and screened, qualified seeds are spread to designated coastal seabeds with suitable water temperature and mud texture. The restored seagrass meadows bring multilayered ecological benefits. They absorb carbon dioxide faster than tropical rainforests on land. 4 Small fish, crabs and young shellfish hide in seagrass leaves to escape natural enemies, while rare sea turtles rely on seagrass as their major food source. Restoration work is far from easy. Extreme storms often wash away newly planted seeds in rainy seasons. 5 It proves that gentle human intervention can help nature repair itself without breaking original marine balance. A．This eco-friendly method reduces damage to native marine habitats. B．However, such precious ecosystems are facing severe damage. C．Seagrass meadows also provide shelters and food for coastal wildlife. D．Local fishermen refused to cooperate with the restoration team at first. E．The team sticks to the principle of respecting natural growth rules all the time. F．Human activities used to be ignored in coastal ecological management. G．Yet years of persistent efforts have achieved inspiring ecological results. Passage 3 Most modern city gardens are filled with colorful foreign flowers and trimmed ornamental shrubs. Citizens think these alien plants beautify urban landscapes easily. 1 Native local plants are actually better choices for sustainable urban ecological construction. Foreign ornamental plants require huge manual maintenance costs in city environments. They need regular watering, chemical fertilizer and pest-killing pesticides to survive. 2 Growing native plants can cut down daily gardening costs greatly for urban parks and communities. Beyond cost advantages, native plants build stable urban food chains. Evolving together with local insects, birds and small mammals for thousands of years, native plants can offer matched nutrition for urban wildlife. 3 By contrast, foreign plants cannot be eaten by most local creatures, leaving urban animals short of food resources. Many city planners worry native plants look wild and disordered. 4 Landscape designers can prune native plants moderately and match different species scientifically to create wild-style artistic urban scenery. It mixes natural vitality with urban aesthetic needs perfectly. Building native plant gardens is not abandoning urban beauty. 5 It helps cities coexist harmoniously with surrounding natural ecosystems instead of isolating urban areas from nature. A．This idea ignores long-term urban ecological benefits. B．Native plants seldom rely on artificial supplies to grow well. C．Local birds mainly feed on fruits and seeds of native vegetation. D．It is a wise change to balance urban beauty and ecological protection. E．Foreign plants have stronger ability to adapt to urban climate changes. F．People have realized the harm of pesticides to urban soil gradually. G．But this concern can be solved via professional landscape design. Passage 4 Chinese mountain salamanders are ancient amphibians living in high-altitude mountain streams in southwest China. Strictly dependent on clean running freshwater, they are sensitive to water temperature and water quality changes. 1 Their wild population has dropped by over 60% in the past twenty years. Habitat destruction is the primary threat facing mountain salamanders. Large-scale mountain road construction cuts complete stream systems into separated water sections. 2 Adult salamanders cannot migrate for mating, and young salamanders fail to find new feeding habitats. Water pollution worsens the survival crisis further. Agricultural chemical runoff from nearby farmland flows into mountain streams every rainy season. 3 Even tiny chemical elements will damage salamanders’ thin permeable skin, stopping their breathing and nutrient absorption. Local wildlife protection station carried out targeted protection measures three years ago. First, they built ecological underpasses under mountain roads to connect broken stream channels. 4 Besides, they set up buffer zones between farmland and streams to block polluted rainwater runoff. Salamander protection is never a single conservation action. 5 Only when local residents, construction companies and environmental workers unite, can these ancient amphibians survive alongside local mountain ecosystems. A．The isolated water areas break salamanders’ life cycle. B．These amphibians have extremely weak environmental adaptability. C．Wild salamanders have very fixed eating habits all year round. D．Then regular water quality monitoring is conducted in core stream habitats. E．Climate warming has changed the rainfall pattern of southwest mountains. F．It requires joint efforts from all groups related to mountain ecological activities. G．Many natural stream plants disappear due to long-term chemical pollution. Passage 5 The Antarctic continent is widely considered a lifeless white desert with extreme low temperature. Only penguins, seals and a few seabirds are known to survive here. 1 Countless tiny native microbes quietly maintain the fragile ecological balance of the whole Antarctic region. These polar microbes mainly live in shallow ice layers and melted seasonal ice water. They include cold-resistant bacteria, fungi and tiny algae. 2 Polar algae can produce organic matter via photosynthesis, providing the basic food source for small marine creatures near Antarctic coasts. Global warming poses fatal threats to specialized Antarctic microbes. Rising air temperature melts surface ice earlier every year. 3 Adapted to stable icy living environment for millions of years, most microbes cannot survive sudden ice loss. Human outdoor activities worsen the survival pressure of polar microbes. Increasing polar scientific expeditions and tourist activities bring alien microbial species to Antarctica. 4 Invasive alien microbes occupy living space and compete for nutrition with native polar microbes. Protecting Antarctic microbes matters to global ecological stability. People tend to ignore tiny creatures while protecting flagship polar animals. 5 Protecting invisible polar microbes equals protecting the bottom of global food chains. A．They build the basic food web of Antarctic ecosystems. B．But people overlook the smallest native polar living things. C．Ice melting changes microbes’ fixed living temperature environment. D．Tourists are forbidden to touch ice surface during Antarctic trips. E．Native microbes have no natural enemies in original Antarctic habitats. F．These foreign microbes have stronger adaptability to temperature changes. G．Large polar animals have stronger ability to resist climate warming impacts. Passage 1 Empowering Teens For Success: A Guide To Future Planning As high school students, you’re standing at the crossroads of adolescence and adulthood in today’s rapidly changing world. 1 This guide aims to empower you with the tools to navigate this critical time effectively. Start by reflecting on what truly interests you and where your strengths lie. It may be a passion for science, a talent for languages. or a talent in arts. 2 Engage in activities like journaling or career exploration workshops to discover more about yourself. Goals are the stepping stones to your future. Set Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) goals that will guide your actions and decisions. Both short-term goals, like improving your grades, and long-term aspirations, such as attending an ideal university, are crucial. 3 The traditional high school to university route is just one option. Consider job training, online courses, or even internships that might correspond better with your career goals. High school is the perfect time to explore these alternatives, helping you make informed decisions about your future. Having a strong support system is invaluable. Seek out advisors, teachers, or even peers who can offer guidance and encouragement. These relationships can provide you with different perspectives and valuable advice. 1 In this way, you will make wiser choices and also grow with the confidence to face difficulties. 2 You’re well on your way to create a future that’s bright and full of opportunities. Take the first step today and start shaping your tomorrow. A．Your future is a canvas, and you’re the artist. B．Methods like writing them down can also be helpful. C．You may feel confused when making choices for future. D．It’s about laying a strong foundation to support your dreams. E．Matching your goals with these can lead to a more rewarding journey. F．Remember, a good advisor listens, challenges, and respects your view G．They provide motivation and direction, ensuring you stay on your path to success Passage2 With media and society placing so much emphasis on our appearance, being satisfied with the way we look can be a challenge. There are so many “perfect” looking celebrities to compare ourselves to. 1 Often, this thought doesn’t make anyone feel better. However, the truth is that you can take steps to start loving yourself more right now. 2 Whether you’re having a good body image day or a bad body image day, it’s important to wear something that makes you feel good about yourself. Forget the trends and keep your own style. Whether you want to dress up in jeans or you prefer your most comfortable pair of sweatpants, wear what feels good to you in the moment. Focus on your hobbies. 3 It gives you the ability to base your self- esteem on something other than your appearance. Do you want to learn guitar or a new language? Try cooking or run a mile faster than you did before? Set some goals for yourself and get started .Resist the urge to compare yourself to others. It can be a struggle to get past comparing yourself to celebrities and even good friends. 4 It’s time to find and enjoy your own beauty. Don’t be mad at the idea that your best friend looks good in a certain dress style, and you don’t. Instead, find what looks good and feels good on you. Move your body doing something enjoyable. As Elle Woods said, “Exercise gives you endorphins. Endorphins make you happy.” She’s right. Get yourself moving at least once a day. 5 If you’re not already doing sports every day, try going on walks, hiking, or doing yoga in your living room. It’s all about what makes you feel good. Some of these tips might work better for you than others, and you might figure out your own strategies on the way. But remember that boosting your body image is a process. It’s something you have to work on over time, and it will pay off. A．But nobody is the same. B．Wear clothes that you feel comfortable in. C．Adjust your dressing based on your body image. D．If you don’t feel completely good right away, that’s OK. E．Getting better at something you enjoy gives you confidence. F．You may not be a gym- goer, so you have to find what works for you. G．As a result, many people start to think, “I wish I looked more like them”. Passage 3 Dealing with Appearance Anxiety Appearance anxiety means worrying too much about how you look, which is especially common among teenagers. 1 For example, spending hours checking carefully edited selfies on social media or comparing your appearance with others often leads to negative thoughts. Such constant worries not only damage self-confidence but may also lead to avoiding social situations like school events or group activities. Fortunately, there are ways to handle these feelings. The first step is to practice kindness toward yourself. Instead of thinking “My hair looks messy,” try saying “My hair protects me from the sun.” 2 Also, writing down three things your body helps you do daily (like “My arms let me hug my friends”) also builds lasting confidence. Creative activities and sports offer healthy ways to shift focus. 3 Also, team sports like basketball teach players to value skills over appearance, with 72% of players claiming teamwork makes them value ability over appearance. Even easy activities like walking can calm your mind by producing stress-relieving chemicals. 4 Choose friends who avoid comments on looks and join school clubs that welcome everyone. Adults like teachers can teach helpful tricks, like using apps to record feelings or ways to stay positive. Cutting down time on apps that make you compare yourself is another smart move. Remember, true beauty isn’t about being perfect physically. 5 When we care more about being kind and brave than looking a certain way, we start seeing real beauty in who people are, not just how they appear. A．Limit your Internet exposure. B．Turn to trusted people for help. C．Social comparison is the major cause. D．Regular exercise improves physical health. E．Such changes boost how you view yourself. F．It is about the special things that make you “you”. G．Painting helps focus on creativity rather than looks. Passage 4 Accepting AI for small business growth is becoming necessary for success in today’s dynamic market. Here’s a beginner’s guide to AI in business, especially in small businesses. 1 The first step in choosing AI for your small business is to identify your specific needs and goals. Determine which issues you want to solve. AI works best when tailored to your business’s unique requirements. By pointing out your business’s pain points, you’ll gain a better understanding of how AI can assist and where to begin. Select the proper AI tools 2 the next step is choosing the right tools. With various AI platforms and software available, it’s important to select those tailored to your industry and needs. Choosing AI solutions that fit your business’s budget, size, and goals is important. Begin small and grow gradually Start by applying AI to a single area of your operations. 3 It can also allow you to refine (改进) your strategy based on observed results. As you become more comfortable with the tools and recognize their benefits, you can gradually apply AI to other areas of the business. Educate your team Providing training for your employees is important for making full use of AI technologies. Numerous online resources and courses focus on AI development, machine learning, and data analysis. 4 Emphasize data privacy and security If you are seeking AI powered business growth, paying attention to data security and privacy is significant. 5 By emphasizing data security, you’ll build trust with your customers and reduce risk of potential legal issues. A．Recognize the value of AI application. B．Identify your business needs and goals. C．After deciding to use AI to drive business growth, D．After identifying where AI can benefit your business, E．Small businesses must be able to handle customer data responsibly. F．This method lets you measure the results without letting your team feel unprepared. G．Equipping your team with this knowledge will enhance AI’s impact on your business. Passage 5 How to Reduce Excessive Daydreaming Daydreaming can be a pleasant escape, but when it becomes excessive (过量的), it can negatively impact our daily lives and responsibilities. Here are some strategies to help you cut down on daydreaming and stay more engaged with the present.Analyze your daydreaming patterns Understanding the purpose and recognizing patterns of your daydreaming is key. Daydreams may serve to escape stress, comfort yourself, or forget painful memories. 1 . For example, do you daydream more when you’re bored or stressed? Also, list the negative impacts on daily life, such as poor focus at work or school, or tense relationships. This awareness is the first step toward change.Use daydream reduction techniques Enhance awareness of when you’re daydreaming, indicated by signs like losing eye contact or difficulty focusing. 2 . Then set limits for daydream content, and shift them toward positive, goal-oriented thoughts instead of letting them wander aimlessly. Reward yourself when you stay focused. If excessive daydreaming continues to affect your life negatively, consider professional treatment.Increase focus To improve your focus, start with good sleep. 3 . Then, practice mindfulness by doing something simple, like enjoying a piece of fruit. These two steps can help ground you in the present and keep your mind sharp. 4 Find hobbies that inspire and require focus, like hiking or meditation (冥想). Other activities like reading, solving puzzles or practicing a musical instrument can also help build your focus. Avoid excessive TV or screen time, which can increase daydreaming. Plan less and do more by setting a clear routine, which allows you stay focused and avoid things that pull your attention away. Controlling excessive daydreaming is not about getting rid of imagination but about finding a healthy balance. 5 . With efforts, you can achieve this goal and enjoy a more focused and satisfying life. A．Develop more hobbies B．Engage in focus-building activities C．A well-rested mind is less likely to wander D．When feeling tired, get up and move to refocus E．Keep a record of the details of each daydream first F．In fact, the goal is to stay present and engaged with life G．Note when and where you daydream most, and identify any causes Passage 6 We’ve all been there — dinner is over, but your stomach (or is it your mind?) is calling you back to the kitchen. Many of us experience the temptation of after-dinner cravings (渴望). 1 . But why do they happen, even if you’ve eaten well all day? Let’s unpack the science behind these urges and explore practical solutions to help reduce the likelihood of after-dinner cravings. Identifying triggers (诱因) After-dinner cravings can stem from psychological needs to genuine hunger. 2 . Meanwhile, if your meals throughout the day lack sufficient protein or calories, your body might be signaling a real need for additional nutrients. It’s essential to distinguish between the two to address them effectively. 3 The size of your meals can significantly influence after-dinner cravings. Not getting enough calories throughout the day, particularly at dinner, can trigger hunger suffering overnight, as your body seeks to fuel itself. Conversely, overeating can lead to uncomfortable fullness and potentially disrupt your metabolism (新陈代谢) and sleep patterns. Finding the right balance is a must. Boosting protein and veggies Protein boasts a high satiety (饱腹感) index thanks to its ability to trigger the release of appetite-regulating hormones (激素). Vegetables, too, work in promoting satiety. Their high fiber content slows down digestion, and their high water content adds volume to meals without adding significant calories. Include protein and vegetables in your meals. 1 . Engaging in after-dinner movement 2 . It’s not only good for digestion, but helps stabilize blood sugar levels, potentially reducing the sharp rises and drops that can trigger cravings. The act of moving your body can elevate levels of endorphins, hormones known to promote feelings of well-being and potentially reduce cravings. A．Reshaping your habits B．Eating properly-portioned meals C．They can seemingly be at odds with our health goals D．They’re great combinations to help you keep cravings at bay E．Light physical activity, like walking, offers a two-fold benefits F．Including a protein source at each meal, you feel the less urge to snack later on G．Stress or boredom may trick you into thinking you’re hungry, causing unnecessary snacking 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 4 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 七选五（期末复习专项训练） 话题类型一: 人与自然（6篇） Passage 1 1．A 2．E 3．D 4．G 5．F Passage 2 1．C 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．D Passage 3 1．F 2．C 3．G 4．A 5．E Passage 4 1．C 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．D Passage 5 1．A 2．F 3．D 4．G 5．C Passage 6 1．G 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．E 话题类型二: 人与社会（6篇） Passage 1 1．F 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．G Passage 2 1．E 2．G 3．C 4．A 5．F Passage 3 1．G 2．C 3．F 4．E 5．D Passage 4 1．F 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．G Passage 5 1．F 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G Passage 6 1．C 2．A 3．F 4．D 5．G 话题类型三: 人与自然（6篇） Passage 1 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．G Passage 2 1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G Passage 3 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．G 5．D Passage 4 1．B 2．A 3．G 4．D 5．F Passage 5 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．E Passage 1 1．C 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．A Passage 2 1．G 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．F Passage 3 1．C 2．E 3．G 4．B 5．F Passage 4 1．B 2．D 3．F 4．G 5．E Passage 5 1．G 2．E 3．C 4．B 5．F Passage 6 1．C 2．G 3．B 4．D 5．E 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $