期末素能测评-2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

**基本信息** 初中英语期末同步练，分层覆盖基础词汇语法到综合语用，融合文化意识与思维品质，适配期末测评需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|单项选择、词汇运用|聚焦核心词汇（如audience、unless）与基础语法（时态、连词），单题对应单一考点| |进阶层|完形填空、语法填空|以"陈寔退盗"文化故事承载语篇理解，结合语法变式（如情态动词、比较级）| |综合应用层|阅读理解、书面表达|跨学科情境（温室效应实验、机器人科技）与真实交际（志愿者活动书信），考查信息提取与语言输出能力|

期末素能测评 一、 单项选择。（每小题1分，共10分） （　　）1. The famous singer was so excited to see the large  　　　　cheering for her at the concert. A. police B. audience C. team D. organization （　　）2. The little boy put a birthday gift on his mother’s desk  　　　　to give her a surprise. A. warmly B. suddenly C. secretly D. correctly （　　）3. You can’t pass the math exam  　　　　you work harder from now on. A. if B. unless C. because D. when （　　）4. The weather was terrible.  　　　　， we had to cancel the outdoor picnic. A. Therefore B. Also C. However D. Instead （　　）5. — Hi， Ethan. I called you at 8：00 last night， but you didn’t answer. — Sorry， I  　　　　the dishes. A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing （　　）6. It’s  　　　　to see snow in this southern city， so the children were all very excited when it snowed last winter. A. common B. normal C. usual D. unusual （　　）7. This is the  　　　　movie I’ve ever seen. The story is too boring. A. best B. oldest C. worst D. rudest （　　）8. All the students in our class will go to the museum this Saturday  　　　　Lucy. She has to look after her sick mother. A. besides B. beside C. including D. except （　　）9. I always  　　　　at 6：30 a.m. to catch the early bus to school. A. wake up B. get on C. put out D. look for （　　）10. — Would you like to go to the old people’s home with us tomorrow？ —  　　　　， but I have to take care of my sister. A. It’s up to you B. That sounds boring C. I’m sorry to hear that D. I’d love to 二、 （核心素养·文化意识）完形填空。（每小题1分，共15分） 陈寔退盗 In the Han Dynasty， there was a scholar（学者） named Chen Shi. He  　1　 was a man of great character. He was also quite strict with his  　2　. He often took every chance to educate them， and paid attention to the  　3　， so it always got better results. And many people looked up to him very much. Here is a  　4　 about him. One day， when Chen  　5　 home at night， he saw a thief hiding on a beam（梁） of his house. But he pretended（假装） that he didn’t see the man. Then， he  　6　 his children together and gave them a lesson. “You all  　7　 study and work hard to become useful people in the future，” Chen said to his children and  　8　 the children not to be bad people. “Some people do bad things. It’s not because they’re bad by nature，  　9　 because they are lazy. I think that  　10　 likes them.” Then he pointed at the thief and said， “Look！ That man up there on the beam is one of the  　11　 men.” After hearing that， the thief  　12　 on the beam felt quite sorry. He climbed down， knelt in front of the old man and  　13　 forgiveness（原谅）. “You aren’t a bad person，” the kind man told the thief. “Maybe you met with some  　14　. Here’s some money.  　15　 your new life！” The thief took the money and left the house shamefully（羞愧地）. From then on， he never did bad things. （　　）1. A. myself B. himself C. herself D. itself （　　）2. A. parents B. leaders C. children D. neighbours （　　）3. A. activities B. reasons C. programs D. ways （　　）4. A. story B. book C. novel D. date （　　）5. A. found B. built C. arrived D. left （　　）6. A. called B. asked C. met D. moved （　　）7. A. can B. must C. may D. might （　　）8. A. believed B. thought C. knew D. reminded （　　）9. A. so B. but C. and D. then （　　）10. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody （　　）11. A. busy B. friendly C. lazy D. free （　　）12. A. hiding B. sleeping C. working D. eating （　　）13. A. looked for B. waited for C. paid for D. asked for （　　）14. A. difficulties B. messages C. rain D. snow （　　）15. A. Help B. Pay C. Start D. Finish 三、 阅读理解。（每小题2分，共20分） A Li Hua’s study group carried out an experiment to model the greenhouse effect. Here is their report. Question What is the greenhouse effect？ Materials（材料） Two cups， soil（土壤）， two thermometers（温度计）， a glass jar（罐子） Place An outdoor area Steps 1. Prepare two cups with soil， and mark A and B on the cups. 2. Stick the thermometers in Cup A and Cup B. 3. Put the two cups in the sunlight for 10 minutes and record the temperatures in the two cups in A1 and B1. 4. Place the glass jar upside down over Cup A and keep Cup B unchanged. After 10 minutes， record the temperatures in A2 and B2. 5. Compare the temperatures in Cup A and Cup B. Record The temperatures in Step 3 The temperatures in Step 4 Record Cup A A1： 28℃ A2： 31℃ Cup B B1： 28℃ B2： 29℃ Findings A1 is the same as B1.  　▲　 （　　）1. Which of the following materials is needed in the experiment？ A. A stick. B. Soil. C. Water. D. A knife. （　　）2. What is the best weather for doing the experiment？ （　　）3. Which picture can match Step 4？ （　　）4. Which of the following can be put in “ 　▲　”？ A. A2 is two degrees higher than B2. B. A2 is three degrees lower than A1. C. B2 is three degrees higher than B1. D. B2 is one degree lower than A1. （　　）5. In which class may Li Hua’s study group share the report？ A. Math. B. History. C. Biology. D. Art. B Have you ever wondered why plastic soda bottles have that special shape， with five round bumps on the bottom？ You might think it’s just because they look better that way. But actually， these small bumps are very important！ The main reason for the bumps is to make the bottles stronger. When soda is put into bottles， there is pressurized（加压的） gas inside. This creates a lot of pressure. If the bottom were flat（平的）， the bottle couldn’t hold that pressure. The bumps make the bottom’s surface area much larger. This lets the base stretch more and hold higher pressure. So， the bumps help the bottle hold the gas without exploding（炸裂）. What’s more， the bumps protect the bottle when it’s being moved. Bottles travel from factories to our homes， and sometimes they get dropped. The strong design of the bumps can take in some of the hit when this happens. This makes it less likely for the bottle to break. So， if you drop a bottle of Sprite， it probably won’t explode. But you might get a fizzy（起泡的） surprise when you take the cap off！ The special bottom structure of soda bottles also serves a practical purpose. These bumps help the bottles stand up more steadily（稳定地） and safely. This design stops the bottles from falling over easily， which would make drinks spill or cause accidents. （　　）6. Why do plastic soda bottles have five round bumps on the bottom？ A. Only to make the bottles look better. B. To make the bottles stronger. C. To make the bottles lighter. D. To reduce the cost of production. （　　）7. What helps the soda bottle stand up more steadily？ A. The pressurized gas inside the bottle. B. The flat bottom. C. The five round bumps on the bottom. D. The cap of the bottle. （　　）8. What can we infer from the passage about a soda bottle with a flat bottom？ A. It would look more beautiful. B. It could hold more pressurized gas. C. It would stand up more stably. D. It might explode because of the pressure. （　　）9. What does the underlined word “stretch” mean in the passage？ A. 伸展 B. 收缩 C. 破碎 D. 消失 （　　）10. What is the main idea of the passage？ A. How soda bottles are produced and used safely. B. Why plastic soda bottles have five round bumps. C. How pressurized gas is put into soda bottles. D. What will happen when a soda bottle is dropped. 四、 词汇运用。（每小题1分，共5分） 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词。 1. If you break the school rules， I think our teacher will p 　 　 you. 2. During the Spring Festival， we usually visit our r 　 　 and friends. 3. The school aims to help students understand the knowledge of  　 　（社会）. 4. The book is  　 　（值得的） reading because it tells us many life lessons. 5. We should learn about different  　 　（文化的） customs when travelling abroad. 五、 补全对话。（每小题2分，共10分） 根据对话内容，从下面方框中选出适当的选项补全对话。 A. Great！ B. First， click here. C. You’ve finished！ D. I want this one. E. But I don’t know how to do it. Amanda： Hi， Grandma. Are you having trouble with anything？ Grandma： Yes. I want to post a photo online. 1.  　　 Amanda： Let me help you. 2.  　　 It says “photo/video”. Grandma： Ah， OK. Amanda： After that， click on “upload（上传）”. Grandma： Yes， click on “upload”. Amanda： 3.  　　 Now， which photo do you want to upload？ Grandma： 4.  　　 Amanda： OK， so just double-click on that. And then write something if you want to. Grandma： All right. Amanda： And finally， click on “post” and that’s it！5.  　　 六、 语法填空。（每空1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was a fine afternoon. While Carl was walking along a road near his house， he saw a UFO in the sky. Then 1.  　 　 UFO landed on the road. Three aliens（外星人） came out. Carl was 2.  　 　（surprise） to know the aliens could speak English. He thought they 3.  　 　（may） speak a strange language. Carl learned that they made their 4.  　 　（decide） to take away all the trees in the city. Carl knew the trees were important and he called the police 5.  　 　 thinking twice. Then Mr Bright， a police officer， came quickly. He shouted at the aliens， “Stop！” But they didn’t listen to him. “6.  　 　 you don’t stop， I’ll use the force.” Hearing the words， one of the aliens pointed at Mr Bright and Mr Bright became much 7.  　 　（small）. Carl was very angry and 8.  　 　（bravely） enough to shout at them in a loud voice ... 9.  　 　（sudden）， the alarm clock went off. Carl realized he 10.  　 　（lie） in his bed and holding the alarm clock in his hand. It was just a dream. 七、 任务型阅读。（每小题2分，共10分） On June 20， 2024， Tianjin hosted the World Intelligence Expo. And there was a special worker， Xiaoqi. She stood in the hall and got ready to answer a lot of questions. She is friendly， smart and helpful. But here’s the surprise—Xiaoqi is not a real person. She is a humanoid robot（人形机器人）. Humanoid robots can show feelings on their faces and make emotional connections（联系） with people， so they are called emotional interaction（情感互动） robots. Now， these robots are mostly used in museums and schools. Some people guess that in the next five years， humanoid robots could help with all kinds of housework. At the expo， many companies showed robots that can walk fast， dance， and even make coffee. Some people noticed Walker X， a robot that is 130 cm tall. Walker X can say hello， shake hands， do tai chi， and make heart shapes with its hands. People think differently about humanoid robots. At the expo， someone even had an interaction with Xiaoqi. Nicole Yandun， a visitor at the expo， said， “She is smart and lifelike. It is surprising that she can speak English. Lifelike robots can make our life and work easier in the future.” However， Zeng Qiao， a student in Tianjin， said， “It’s scary. Her overall look makes me uncomfortable， and her answers are not very intelligent. I also care about the safety of humanoid robots.” Facing these ideas， Xiaoqi replied， “My job is to help people， not to take their place.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1. What did Xiaoqi do at the expo？ （不超过15词） 2. Where are humanoid robots mostly used now according to the passage？ （不超过15词） 3. What can Walker X do？ （举两例即可） 4. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？ （不超过10词） 5. How do you like Xiaoqi？ Why？ （不超过15词） 八、 书面表达。（共15分） 志愿者工作是传递爱心、汇聚温暖的桥梁。假设你是中学生李平，你的外国笔友Peter也热爱志愿者工作，暑假即将来临，他想了解你所在的志愿者小组的暑假活动，请你根据以下提示给他写一封回信（100 词左右，已给出部分不计入总词数）。 写作要点：1. 社区宣传环保；2. 帮助残疾邻居；3. 为贫困儿童募捐。 写作要求：1. 不得使用真实的姓名和校名；2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3. 字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清晰。 参考词汇： publicize v. 宣传，推广； poster n. 海报； donate v. 捐赠 Dear Peter， Yours， Li Ping 参考答案 期末素能测评 一、 单项选择。（每小题1分，共10分） （　B　）1. The famous singer was so excited to see the large  　　　　cheering for her at the concert. A. police B. audience C. team D. organization （　C　）2. The little boy put a birthday gift on his mother’s desk  　　　　to give her a surprise. A. warmly B. suddenly C. secretly D. correctly （　B　）3. You can’t pass the math exam  　　　　you work harder from now on. A. if B. unless C. because D. when （　A　）4. The weather was terrible.  　　　　， we had to cancel the outdoor picnic. A. Therefore B. Also C. However D. Instead （　D　）5. — Hi， Ethan. I called you at 8：00 last night， but you didn’t answer. — Sorry， I  　　　　the dishes. A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing （　D　）6. It’s  　　　　to see snow in this southern city， so the children were all very excited when it snowed last winter. A. common B. normal C. usual D. unusual （　C　）7. This is the  　　　　movie I’ve ever seen. The story is too boring. A. best B. oldest C. worst D. rudest （　D　）8. All the students in our class will go to the museum this Saturday  　　　　Lucy. She has to look after her sick mother. A. besides B. beside C. including D. except （　A　）9. I always  　　　　at 6：30 a.m. to catch the early bus to school. A. wake up B. get on C. put out D. look for （　D　）10. — Would you like to go to the old people’s home with us tomorrow？ —  　　　　， but I have to take care of my sister. A. It’s up to you B. That sounds boring C. I’m sorry to hear that D. I’d love to 二、 （核心素养·文化意识）完形填空。（每小题1分，共15分） 陈寔退盗 In the Han Dynasty， there was a scholar（学者） named Chen Shi. He  　1　 was a man of great character. He was also quite strict with his  　2　. He often took every chance to educate them， and paid attention to the  　3　， so it always got better results. And many people looked up to him very much. Here is a  　4　 about him. One day， when Chen  　5　 home at night， he saw a thief hiding on a beam（梁） of his house. But he pretended（假装） that he didn’t see the man. Then， he  　6　 his children together and gave them a lesson. “You all  　7　 study and work hard to become useful people in the future，” Chen said to his children and  　8　 the children not to be bad people. “Some people do bad things. It’s not because they’re bad by nature，  　9　 because they are lazy. I think that  　10　 likes them.” Then he pointed at the thief and said， “Look！ That man up there on the beam is one of the  　11　 men.” After hearing that， the thief  　12　 on the beam felt quite sorry. He climbed down， knelt in front of the old man and  　13　 forgiveness（原谅）. “You aren’t a bad person，” the kind man told the thief. “Maybe you met with some  　14　. Here’s some money.  　15　 your new life！” The thief took the money and left the house shamefully（羞愧地）. From then on， he never did bad things. （　B　）1. A. myself B. himself C. herself D. itself （　C　）2. A. parents B. leaders C. children D. neighbours （　D　）3. A. activities B. reasons C. programs D. ways （　A　）4. A. story B. book C. novel D. date （　C　）5. A. found B. built C. arrived D. left （　A　）6. A. called B. asked C. met D. moved （　B　）7. A. can B. must C. may D. might （　D　）8. A. believed B. thought C. knew D. reminded （　B　）9. A. so B. but C. and D. then （　C　）10. A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody （　C　）11. A. busy B. friendly C. lazy D. free （　A　）12. A. hiding B. sleeping C. working D. eating （　D　）13. A. looked for B. waited for C. paid for D. asked for （　A　）14. A. difficulties B. messages C. rain D. snow （　C　）15. A. Help B. Pay C. Start D. Finish 三、 阅读理解。（每小题2分，共20分） A Li Hua’s study group carried out an experiment to model the greenhouse effect. Here is their report. Question What is the greenhouse effect？ Materials（材料） Two cups， soil（土壤）， two thermometers（温度计）， a glass jar（罐子） Place An outdoor area Steps 1. Prepare two cups with soil， and mark A and B on the cups. 2. Stick the thermometers in Cup A and Cup B. 3. Put the two cups in the sunlight for 10 minutes and record the temperatures in the two cups in A1 and B1. 4. Place the glass jar upside down over Cup A and keep Cup B unchanged. After 10 minutes， record the temperatures in A2 and B2. 5. Compare the temperatures in Cup A and Cup B. Record The temperatures in Step 3 The temperatures in Step 4 Record Cup A A1： 28℃ A2： 31℃ Cup B B1： 28℃ B2： 29℃ Findings A1 is the same as B1.  　▲　 （　B　）1. Which of the following materials is needed in the experiment？ A. A stick. B. Soil. C. Water. D. A knife. （　D　）2. What is the best weather for doing the experiment？ （　D　）3. Which picture can match Step 4？ （　A　）4. Which of the following can be put in “ 　▲　”？ A. A2 is two degrees higher than B2. B. A2 is three degrees lower than A1. C. B2 is three degrees higher than B1. D. B2 is one degree lower than A1. （　C　）5. In which class may Li Hua’s study group share the report？ A. Math. B. History. C. Biology. D. Art. B Have you ever wondered why plastic soda bottles have that special shape， with five round bumps on the bottom？ You might think it’s just because they look better that way. But actually， these small bumps are very important！ The main reason for the bumps is to make the bottles stronger. When soda is put into bottles， there is pressurized（加压的） gas inside. This creates a lot of pressure. If the bottom were flat（平的）， the bottle couldn’t hold that pressure. The bumps make the bottom’s surface area much larger. This lets the base stretch more and hold higher pressure. So， the bumps help the bottle hold the gas without exploding（炸裂）. What’s more， the bumps protect the bottle when it’s being moved. Bottles travel from factories to our homes， and sometimes they get dropped. The strong design of the bumps can take in some of the hit when this happens. This makes it less likely for the bottle to break. So， if you drop a bottle of Sprite， it probably won’t explode. But you might get a fizzy（起泡的） surprise when you take the cap off！ The special bottom structure of soda bottles also serves a practical purpose. These bumps help the bottles stand up more steadily（稳定地） and safely. This design stops the bottles from falling over easily， which would make drinks spill or cause accidents. （　B　）6. Why do plastic soda bottles have five round bumps on the bottom？ A. Only to make the bottles look better. B. To make the bottles stronger. C. To make the bottles lighter. D. To reduce the cost of production. （　C　）7. What helps the soda bottle stand up more steadily？ A. The pressurized gas inside the bottle. B. The flat bottom. C. The five round bumps on the bottom. D. The cap of the bottle. （　D　）8. What can we infer from the passage about a soda bottle with a flat bottom？ A. It would look more beautiful. B. It could hold more pressurized gas. C. It would stand up more stably. D. It might explode because of the pressure. （　A　）9. What does the underlined word “stretch” mean in the passage？ A. 伸展 B. 收缩 C. 破碎 D. 消失 （　B　）10. What is the main idea of the passage？ A. How soda bottles are produced and used safely. B. Why plastic soda bottles have five round bumps. C. How pressurized gas is put into soda bottles. D. What will happen when a soda bottle is dropped. 四、 词汇运用。（每小题1分，共5分） 根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词。 1. If you break the school rules， I think our teacher will p 　unish　 you. 2. During the Spring Festival， we usually visit our r 　elatives　 and friends. 3. The school aims to help students understand the knowledge of  　society　（社会）. 4. The book is  　worth　（值得的） reading because it tells us many life lessons. 5. We should learn about different  　cultural　（文化的） customs when travelling abroad. 五、 补全对话。（每小题2分，共10分） 根据对话内容，从下面方框中选出适当的选项补全对话。 A. Great！ B. First， click here. C. You’ve finished！ D. I want this one. E. But I don’t know how to do it. Amanda： Hi， Grandma. Are you having trouble with anything？ Grandma： Yes. I want to post a photo online. 1.  　E　 Amanda： Let me help you. 2.  　B　 It says “photo/video”. Grandma： Ah， OK. Amanda： After that， click on “upload（上传）”. Grandma： Yes， click on “upload”. Amanda： 3.  　A　 Now， which photo do you want to upload？ Grandma： 4.  　D　 Amanda： OK， so just double-click on that. And then write something if you want to. Grandma： All right. Amanda： And finally， click on “post” and that’s it！5.  　C　 六、 语法填空。（每空1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was a fine afternoon. While Carl was walking along a road near his house， he saw a UFO in the sky. Then 1.  　the　 UFO landed on the road. Three aliens（外星人） came out. Carl was 2.  　surprised　（surprise） to know the aliens could speak English. He thought they 3.  　might　（may） speak a strange language. Carl learned that they made their 4.  　decision　（decide） to take away all the trees in the city. Carl knew the trees were important and he called the police 5.  　without　 thinking twice. Then Mr Bright， a police officer， came quickly. He shouted at the aliens， “Stop！” But they didn’t listen to him. “6.  　If　 you don’t stop， I’ll use the force.” Hearing the words， one of the aliens pointed at Mr Bright and Mr Bright became much 7.  　smaller　（small）. Carl was very angry and 8.  　brave　（bravely） enough to shout at them in a loud voice ... 9.  　Suddenly　（sudden）， the alarm clock went off. Carl realized he 10.  　was lying　（lie） in his bed and holding the alarm clock in his hand. It was just a dream. 七、 任务型阅读。（每小题2分，共10分） On June 20， 2024， Tianjin hosted the World Intelligence Expo. And there was a special worker， Xiaoqi. She stood in the hall and got ready to answer a lot of questions. She is friendly， smart and helpful. But here’s the surprise—Xiaoqi is not a real person. She is a humanoid robot（人形机器人）. Humanoid robots can show feelings on their faces and make emotional connections（联系） with people， so they are called emotional interaction（情感互动） robots. Now， these robots are mostly used in museums and schools. Some people guess that in the next five years， humanoid robots could help with all kinds of housework. At the expo， many companies showed robots that can walk fast， dance， and even make coffee. Some people noticed Walker X， a robot that is 130 cm tall. Walker X can say hello， shake hands， do tai chi， and make heart shapes with its hands. People think differently about humanoid robots. At the expo， someone even had an interaction with Xiaoqi. Nicole Yandun， a visitor at the expo， said， “She is smart and lifelike. It is surprising that she can speak English. Lifelike robots can make our life and work easier in the future.” However， Zeng Qiao， a student in Tianjin， said， “It’s scary. Her overall look makes me uncomfortable， and her answers are not very intelligent. I also care about the safety of humanoid robots.” Facing these ideas， Xiaoqi replied， “My job is to help people， not to take their place.” 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1. What did Xiaoqi do at the expo？ （不超过15词） She stood in the hall and answered questions （for people）. 2. Where are humanoid robots mostly used now according to the passage？ （不超过15词） In museums and schools. 3. What can Walker X do？ （举两例即可） It can say hello， shake hands， do tai chi and make heart shapes with its hands.（任意写两项功能即可） 4. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？ （不超过10词） Different ideas about humanoid robots./People’s different opinions about humanoid robots. 5. How do you like Xiaoqi？ Why？ （不超过15词） I think Xiaoqi is useful/helpful， because she can help us in our lives.（言之有理即可） 八、 书面表达。（共15分） 志愿者工作是传递爱心、汇聚温暖的桥梁。假设你是中学生李平，你的外国笔友Peter也热爱志愿者工作，暑假即将来临，他想了解你所在的志愿者小组的暑假活动，请你根据以下提示给他写一封回信（100 词左右，已给出部分不计入总词数）。 写作要点：1. 社区宣传环保；2. 帮助残疾邻居；3. 为贫困儿童募捐。 写作要求：1. 不得使用真实的姓名和校名；2. 可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3. 字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清晰。 参考词汇： publicize v. 宣传，推广； poster n. 海报； donate v. 捐赠 Dear Peter， The summer vacation is coming soon， and our volunteer group will carry out a series of summer activities. Firstly， we will publicize environmental protection in the community. We will create posters to call on people to develop a green lifestyle in their daily lives， such as saving water and taking their own bags when shopping. Secondly， we will help our disabled neighbours. We will try our best to help them solve some life problems. Also， we will organize donation activities for children in poor areas. We will donate some daily necessities and study supplies to them. Helping others is also helping ourselves. Let’s work together to have a pleasant and meaningful summer vacation. Yours， Li Ping 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $