Unit 5 同步练习2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 初中英语新授课同步练，通过A/B/C三层递进设计，实现词汇从记忆到语境解析再到综合应用的巩固路径，培养语言能力与学习能力。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |单词预习|核心词汇记忆|14题基础填空，聚焦单元重点名词、动词等，夯实语言能力基础| |课文解析|词汇用法解析|结合对话语境，解析词义、搭配及词形转换，配例句深化理解，提升思维品质| |巩固练习|词汇综合应用|15题词汇填空与句子翻译，强化词汇在语境中的灵活运用，培养学习能力|

Unit 5 [Lesson 4] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ v. 倒；下大雨 2. __________ v. 用巴氏杀菌法消毒 3. __________ n. 过程 v. 加工 4. __________ v. 加热 n. 温度 5. __________ adj. 未加工的 6. __________ n. 细菌 7. __________ n. 病菌；细菌 8. __________ n. 乳制品 9. __________ n. 科学家 10. __________ n. 微生物学家 11. __________ n. 干杯 Part B [课文解析] While pouring a glass of milk, Jeremy notices something written on the package. Jeremy: Hey, Mum ! I just noticed a big word on the carton. PASTEURIZED. What does it mean ? Mum: Well, if something is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature. Jeremy: Why do we heat milk ? Mum: Raw milk has dangerous bacteria and germs. We must heat milk to 72 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds to kill them. Jeremy: How did people discover that ? Mum: Many years ago, people sometimes got sick when they drank milk. Some of them even died because of the bad bacteria. Jeremy: Wow ! Who created this heating process ? A dairy farmer or a scientist ? Mum: It was Louis Pasteur, a French microbiologist. He invented the process around 1864. Jeremy: That’s a long time ago ! Mum: (She nods and adds.) Mr. Pasteur was one of the greatest scientists. His work saved millions of lives around the world. He was famous for his work on germs. Jeremy: (He raises his glass of milk in the air.) Well, here’s a toast to you, Mr. Pasteur. Thank you for making the world much safer. · 1. While pouring a glass of milk, Jeremy notices something written on the package. 1）pour v. 倒 _______________ 把…倒进… [例] ______________________________ 她把牛奶倒进杯子里。 _______________ 倒出；涌出 [例] ______________________________ 我去给客人倒茶。 2）notice ① v. 察觉；注意到 _______________ 看到某人做了某事 _______________ 看到某人正在做某事 [例] ______________________________ 我注意到他们进来了。 ② n. 注意；理会；通告 _______________ 察觉；理会 [例] ______________________________ 别理会她说的话。 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 显著的 · 2. Well, if something is pasteurized, it means that it has gone through a process of heating to a certain temperature. 1）go through ① 经历（苦难、痛苦、变化等） [例] ______________________________ 她失业后经历了一段艰难时期。 ② 仔细检查/翻阅 [例] ______________________________ 交卷前仔细检查试卷。 ③ 通过；获准 [例] ______________________________ 这项法律现在已获通过。 ④ 消耗完某物 [例] ______________________________ 我们耗尽了所有积蓄来支付医药费。 2）process ① n. 过程 _______________ 做某事的过程中 [例] ______________________________ 我们还在搬往新办公室的过程中。 ② v. 处理，加工 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 经过加工的 · 3. He was famous for his work on germs. be famous for _______________ [拓展] _______________ _______________ _______________ Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The milk is safe to drink after the h__________ process kills harmful bacteria. 2. Washing your hands with soap helps remove g__________ and keeps you healthy. 3. The famous s__________ Marie Curie discovered radium. 4. In the 19th century, gold was d__________ in California. 5. The l__________ of animals are diverse and fascinating. 6. P__________ the hot water over the tea leaves, and you will get a cup of delicious tea. 7. One of the greatest achievements of AI is its ability to p__________ a great deal of data quickly. 8. All the things we go t__________ will become valuable experience. II. 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我们需要穿过森林才能到达那个村庄。 We need to __________ __________ the forest to reach the village. 2. 如果在寒冷的天气里不穿外套，你可能会生病。 If you don’t wear a coat in cold weather, you might __________ __________. 3. 让我们举杯，为我们的友谊干杯！ Let’s raise our glasses and make __________ __________ __________ our friendship ! 4. 到目前为止，数以百万的人已经参观过这个新博物馆了。 So far, __________ __________ people have visited this new museum. 5. 学生们通过电脑连接到在线课堂。 The students __________ __________ __________ the online class through their computers. 6. 请加一些盐在水里然后加热。 Please add some salt to the water and __________ __________ __________. 7. 公司正在研发一款新型电动汽车。 The company is __________ __________ __________ __________ developing a new type of electric car. 8. 小心！水涌出来了。 Watch out ! The water is __________ __________. 9. 不要把凉水倒进牛奶里面。 Don’t __________ cold water __________ the milk. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 [Lesson 3] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ adv. 广泛地，普遍地 2. __________ n. 工具；方法 3. __________ v. 拼写，拼成 4. __________ v. 打印；印刷 5. __________ n. 字典，词典 6. __________ adv. 简单地；仅仅 7. __________ 人工智能 8. __________ n. 释义；解释 9. __________ n. 应用程序；申请 Part B [课文解析] Jenny: Mum, is it okay if I use the computer now ? Mum: Okay. I just finished my work, so it’s all yours. Jenny, you’re so lucky to have a computer. Jenny: Yes, I am. As it’s connected to the internet, it has made study and research much easier. Mum: This technology helps students a lot with their homework. But when I was a student, computers were not widely used. And the internet was not as convenient as it is now. I couldn’t imagine having such a convenient tool for getting the job done. Jenny: Mum, how was homework done in those days ? Mum: Well, everything was written by hand on paper. When I didn’t know how to spell a word, I had to look it up in a printed dictionary. When I needed to do any research, I had to go to the library. Jenny: But now with the internet we can simply search for everything online. And there’s always new technology, like AI. Mum: Yes, and you can easily find definitions and examples for any word. The internet and the computer are amazing inventions with many applications. Jenny: I agree with you on that, Mum. · 1. As it’s connected to the internet, it has made study and research much easier. connect v. 连接 _______________ 把…连接到…上 [例] ______________________________ 将扬声器连接到播放器上。 _______________ 把…和…联系起来 [例] ______________________________ 英语把我们和世界联系起来。 [词形转换] _______________ n. 连接 · 2. I couldn’t imagine having such a convenient tool for getting the job done. get sth. done _______________ = _______________ [例] ______________________________ 我得理发了。 [拓展] get sb./ sth. to do sth. _______________ [例] ______________________________ 我今天早上没发让这汽车发动起来。 get sb./ sth. doing sth. _______________ [例] ______________________________ 让他谈话并不难。 · 3. When I didn’t know how to spell a word, I had to look it up in a printed dictionary. print ① v. 打印，印刷 _______________ 打印出 [例] ______________________________ 你能帮我打印出这张照片吗？ ② n. 印刷，打印 _______________ 打印，出版 · 4. Yes, and you can easily find definitions and examples for any word. definition n. _______________ [词形转换] _______________ v. 下定义 · 5. The internet and the computer are amazing inventions with many applications. application n. _______________ _______________（向某人）申请某物 [例] ______________________________ 他向学校申请了奖学金。 [词形转换] _______________ v. 应用，申请 _______________ 申请… _______________ 把…应用到… · 6. I agree with you on that, Mum. agree v. 同意；一致 _______________ 就某事同意某人 [例] __________________ ____________ 他同意他们需要变革的意见。 [词形转换] _______________ n. 协议 _______________ 达成协议 = _______________ [例] ______________________________ 父子双方终于达成了协议。 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. A hammer is a useful t__________ for fixing things at home. 2. If you don’t know a word, look it up in a d__________. 3. Can you s__________ the word “environment” correctly ? 4. English is w__________ spoken around the world. 5. This mobile a__________ helps students learn maths easily. 6. The teacher asked us to hand in our __________ essays by Friday. (print) 7. The Great Wall is an __________ place to visit in China. (amaze) 8. You can __________ solve this maths problem by following the steps. (simple) 9. Look up the __________ of this word in your dictionary. (define) 10. With the development of 5G, smartphones make people’s life more __________. (convenience) II. 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 上周运动会因下雨被取消了。 The sports meeting __________ __________ because of the rain last week. 2. 很多老师和同学们受邀来参加这场活动。 Many teachers and students __________ __________ to take part in the activity. 3. 上个月，一次志愿活动在我们社区举办。 Last month, a voluntary activity __________ __________ in our community. 4. 她被旅途中美丽的风景吸引住了。 She __________ __________ __________ the beautiful scenery during the trip. 5. 学生们一到实验室就被分成了6组。 Students __________ __________ __________ six groups as soon as they reached the lab. 6. 我们需要更重视科学知识在日常生活中的应用。 We need to pay more attention to __________ __________ __________ scientific knowledge in daily life. 7. 出门前记得把票打印出来。 Remember __________ __________ __________ the tickets before. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 [Lesson 1] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ n. 发明 2. __________ adv. 非常，很 3. __________ n. 电话 4. __________ adv. 容易地 5. __________ n. 电灯泡 6. __________ n. 机器 7. __________ adj. 由…驱动的 8. __________ n. 知识 9. __________ n. 娱乐 10. __________ adv. 当然 11. __________ v. 发明 12. __________ n. 时期，阶段 13. __________ adj. 极有吸引力的 14. __________ n. 创造力 Part B [课文解析] Ms. Liu: Today, let’s talk about inventions and their roles in shaping our world. Which invention do you think is the most important ? Li Ming: I believe the invention of paper has greatly influenced the development of the human civilization. Song Hua: How about the telephone ? It helps people communicate with each other easily and quickly. Wang Mei: The light bulb is also an important invention. It lights up the world. Li Lin: I think washing machines are a helpful invention, and both electric and gas-powered cars are cool. Ms. Liu: Those are all great examples ! Can you think of any other inventions ? Wang Mei: Computers are very important. People can do so many things with a computer. Li Ming: And don’t forget about the internet ! It connects people around the world and provides us with information, knowledge, and the entertainment. Ms. Liu: Absolutely ! Computers and the internet have changed our lives. Now, if you could invent something, what would it be ? Song Hua: I would invent a time machine to travel to different periods in history. Li Lin: That sounds fascinating ! I would invent a robot to do chores for me. Ms. Liu: Inventions come from imagination and creativity. Keep dreaming and coming up with new ideas ! · 1. It lights up the world. light ① n. 光；灯 _______________ 开灯/关灯 ② adj. 浅的；轻的 ③ v. 点燃；点亮 _______________ 点亮 · 2. It connects people around the world and provides us with information, knowledge, and the entertainment. 1）connect v. 连接 _______________ 把…和…连接起来 [例] ______________________________ 他与那起犯罪毫无关联。 [词形转换] _______________ n. 联系 _______________ 与…有关 [例] ______________________________ 我写此信与你最近求职有关。 2）provide v. 提供 _______________ 向某人提供某物 = _______________ [例] ______________________________ 我们来这里是为公众服务。 [拓展] offer v. 提供 _______________ 向某人提供某物 = _______________ 3）knowledge n. 知识 _______________ 精通… [例] ______________________________ 她在历史方面知识渊博。 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 博学的 4）entertainment n. 娱乐 [词形转换] _______________ v. 使快乐；招待，款待 · 3. Now, if you could invent something, what would it be ? invent v. 发明，创造 [词形转换] _______________ n. 发明 _______________ n. 发明家 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. However, can money help solve all these problems ? A__________ not ! 2. Reading books helps us gain more k__________ about the world. 3. After a p__________ of physical training, he becomes stronger than ever. 4. This washing m__________ works very well and saves water. 5. My bedroom is dark because the b__________ in it is broken. I need a new one. 6. The i__________ of the internet changes the way of people’s communication. 7. The smartphone has g__________ improved our access to information. 8. Remember that no dream will e__________ come true without hard work. 9. I bought my grandma a p__________ wheelchair last year. 10. AI shouldn’t be limited to checking work because it can match human c__________. II. 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 我们可以通过使用翻译软件轻松地与我们的新外国朋友交流。 We can __________ __________ our new foreign friends easily by using translation software. 2. 那太神奇了！你是怎么想到这个主意的？ That’s amazing ! How did you __________ __________ __________ the idea ? 3. 我们学校图书馆为学生们提供各种有趣的书籍和有用的资源。 Our school library __________ students __________ all kinds of interesting books and useful resources. 4. 我们每天在学校学习很多知识。 We learn __________ __________ __________ __________ every day at school. 5. 她了解英语语法，所以她在考试中总能得高分。 She __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ English grammar, so she can always get high scores in exams. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 [Lesson 5] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ v. 使结冰，冻结 2. __________ n. 冰箱 3. __________ n. 能量，能源 Part B [课文解析] Ancient times: Ancient China, Greece, and Rome used ice or snow to preserve food by freezing or chilling it. 1600s: 1600s: Icehouses were used to preserve food all year round. 1700: 1748: William Cullen did an experiment on artificial refrigeration. 1805: Oliver Evans designed the first refrigeration machine. 1809s: Iceboxes became popular. They were smaller icehouses meant for home use. 1913: Fred W. Wolf invented the first home electric refrigerator. 1918: Mass production of home refrigerators began. 1920s: Refrigerators became popular in some countries. 1940s: Freezer compartments were added. 1980s: Water dispensers were added. 1996: Refrigerators became more energy-saving. · 1. Ancient China, Greece, and Rome used ice or snow to preserve food by freezing or chilling it. 1）preserve v. _______________ [例] ______________________________ 维护和平的努力失败了。 2）freeze v. 使结冰；冰冻；呆住 _______________ 冻死 [例] ______________________________ 两个男子在山上都死了。 [拓展] _______________ 把某人吓死 = _______________ _______________ 决一死战 _______________ 判处死刑 _______________ 饿死 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 冷冻的；结冰的 _______________ adj. 极冷的 3）chill n. _______________ v. _______________ · 2. Iceboxes became popular. They were smaller icehouses meant for home use. be meant for _______________ [例] ______________________________ 我根本不是当兵的料。 · 3. Mass production of home refrigerators began. mass n. _______________ a mass of _______________ [例] ______________________________ 纸上写满了密密麻麻的数字。 · 4. Freezer compartments were added. Water dispensers were added. 1）compartment n. _______________ 2）add v. 添加 _______________ 把…添加到…上 [例] ______________________________ 5加5等于10。 _______________ 增添 [例] ______________________________ 气球增添了节日的氛围。 [词形转换] _______________ n. 增加；添加 _______________ 此外；而且 3）dispenser n. _______________ · 5. Refrigerators became more energy-saving. energy-saving adj. _______________ energy n. 能源；能量 _______________ 从…吸取能量 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 精力充沛的 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. She likes a__________ some water to her coffee to make it sweeter. 2. Ancient people p__________ food by drying or salting it, so it could last longer. 3. F__________ is a common method to keep meat fresh for several days. 4. This new smartphone is __________ and lighter than the old one. (small) 5. Don’t forget to turn off the water d__________ after getting the water. 6. __________ cars help reduce air pollution. (electricity) 7. The meeting has already __________ when I entered the hall. (begin) 8. The fridge has different __________ for vegetables, fruits and meat. (compartment) 9. C__________ the drinks before the party makes them more refreshing. II. 短文填空。 Chopsticks are useful tools to have meals in China. Chopsticks first __________ (appear) in ancient China. They were invented before Shang Dynasty. Early chopsticks __________ (make) of bronze（青铜）. People used them __________ (pick) up food at that time. Most people believe that Chinese invented chopsticks. There are many __________ (story) about the inventor of chopsticks. Someone says that Jiang Ziya, a wise man, created chopsticks. __________ (actual), no one knows for sure. We can only say the __________ (invent) was a clever ancient Chinese man. Chopsticks __________ (be) usually in the shape of squares above and circles below. Ancient Chinese people believed that __________ Earth is square and the sky is circle. This __________ (show) respect to the nature. Many people think it’s difficult to use chopsticks. __________ fact, it’s not. Hold them between the thumb __________ other fingers. The sky is to hold one piece tight and move the other to control movement and force. Chopsticks are also an __________ (importance) part of Chinese culture. In China, it is nice to pick up food for the old __________ using chopsticks. But it’s __________ (polite) to point at others with chopsticks. And never make __________ (you) chopsticks stand straight in a bowl of rice. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 [Lesson 2] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ n. 轮子 2. __________ n. 小推车 3. __________ n. 动力；权力 4. __________ n. 指南针 5. __________ n. 运河 6. __________ n. 水路，航道 7. __________ v. 加速 n. 速度 8. __________ adj. 环保的 9. __________ n. 飞船 Part B [课文解析] Long ago, many people did not travel far from home. In fact, in the early days, a person might live their whole life in one village. The first important invention in land travel was the wheel. And then came the wagon. Humans began to have the power to move and carry things across long distances. The next was the train. After the train came the invention of cars, buses, trucks and other means of transportation. Humans and goods were able to travel farther than ever before. Boats and ships provided another important way of travelling. The invention of the compass helped people explore more places. And canal systems made fast waterway transportation possible. Modern means of transportation, such as high-speed trains and airplanes, help people travel faster and farther. Eco-friendly electric cars are common and self-driving cars are in development. People can even travel to space in spaceships. Who knows what the future holds ? The development of transportation has made travelling much easier and faster. Every invention is a symbol of human creativity. Let’s enjoy these developments and work for more great things in the future. · 1. Humans began to have the power to move and carry things across long distances. power ① n. 权力；能力 _______________ 有做某事的能力 [例] ______________________________ 她有解决复杂问题的能力。 _______________ 掌权；上台 [例] ______________________________ 这位国王1785年执政。 _______________ ② v. 驱动；推动 _______________ 由…驱动 [例] ______________________________ 这架新飞机由电动引擎驱动。 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 强大的 · 2. After the train came the invention of cars, buses, trucks and other means of transportation. means of transportation _______________ [拓展] means n. _______________ mean v. _______________ _______________ 打算做某事 _______________ 意味着 mean adj. _______________ _______________ 对某人刻薄 [词形转换] _______________ n. 意思 _______________ …是什么意思？ _______________ adj. 有意义的 · 3. The invention of the compass helped people explore more places. explore v. 探索，寻找 [词形转换] _______________ n. 探索 _______________ n. 探险家 · 4. Modern means of transportation, such as high-speed trains and airplanes, help people travel faster and farther. speed ① n. 速度 _______________ 以…的速度 [例] ______________________________ 火车以每小时350km的速度行驶。 ② v. 加速 _______________ 加速 [例] ______________________________ 如果想赶上公交车，我们得加速。 [词形转换] _______________ adj. 迅速的 · 5. Eco-friendly electric cars are common and self-driving cars are in development. common adj. 普通的，共同的 _______________ 和…在…方面有共同之处 [例] ______________________________ 他和他父亲无共同之处。 _______________ 和…一样 [例] ______________________________ 和许多人一样，他喜欢古典音乐。 _______________ 常识 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Eric and Ken are twins but they don’t have anything in c__________. 2. The c__________ was one of the greatest inventions in ancient China. 3. Remember to turn off the p__________ when the TV is not in use. 4. The w__________ of the supermarket trolley is stuck, so it’s hard to push. 5. The truck was travelling at a s__________ of 50 mph. 6. China’s __________ catches the world’s attention. (develop) 7. They were __________ about getting the opportunity of studying abroad next month. (excite) 8. The bridge is very important for the villagers to go __________ than before. (far) 9. Scientists plan to build __________ that can fly to the Mars. (spaceship) 10. I hope I can try the new means of __________, like cars without drivers. (transport) II. 根据汉语提示完成句子。 1. 很多人认为大熊猫只吃竹子。事实上，它们有时也吃小动物或鸡蛋。 Many people think pandas only eat bamboo. __________ __________, they sometimes eat small animals or eggs, too. 2. 新的软件正在开发中。 The new software is still __________ __________. 3. 城市图书馆离我们学校不远。 The city library is not __________ __________ my school. 4. 长城是中国悠久历史和人民的智慧的象征。 The Great Wall is __________ __________ __________ China’s long history and the wisdom of its people. 5. 火车、飞机和高速铁路是现代交通方式，它们让旅行快得多。 Trains, planes and high-speed railways are __________ __________ of transportation that make travel much faster. 6. 谁知道未来科技会发展成什么样？ Who knows __________ __________ __________ __________ technology will be like. 7. 我们得加快项目速度以赶上截止日期。 We need to __________ __________ the project to meet the deadline. 8. 这款最新车型由一种新型发动机驱动。 The latest model of the car __________ __________ __________ a new type of engine. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $