专题12 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 语法、写作讲解（暑假预习讲义）新高一英语人教版

专题12 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 语法、写作讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 限制性定语从句（2） 考点二 写作精讲（语言学习） 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 核心语法 限制性定语从句（2） 【考点精讲】 1．It was a time when people were divided geographically. 2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3．There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 4．These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 5．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。关系副词的指代及功能如下： 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1.when 引导的定语从句 when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...＋which”结构。 I will never forget the day when I first saw you. ＝I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。 2．where引导的定语从句 where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on ...＋which”。 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in which he grew up as a child. 在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。 I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。 [名师点津]　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 3．why引导的定语从句 why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。 Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well. ＝Unsuccessful people can always find reasons for which they’re not doing well.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。 【牛刀小试】　 用适当的关系副词填空 ①This is the place we held a party last week. ②We will never forget the day we met for the first time. ③I don’t know the reason he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. [名师点津]　表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。 These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由。 I don’t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me for his being late. 我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that或省略，不用why) 【牛刀小试】　 选词填空： that, which, when, where, why ①I still remember the days we chatted with each other all night. ②I still remember the days we spent together on the farm. ③I don’t know the reason he dropped out of college. ④I won’t listen to the reason you have given us. ⑤Last Sunday, we went to a centre many elderly people lived. 二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用 “介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据： 1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。 Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for “因……而出名”) 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。 2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。 This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”) 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。 3．根据句子的意思来选择。 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体被称为氧气。 [名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) 护士们正在照顾的这些婴儿都非常健康。 【牛刀小试】　 同义句转换 ①I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. →I’ll never forget the day I joined the Party. ②The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear. →The reason he refused the invitation is not clear. ③The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. →The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 【牛刀小试】　 一.单句语法填空 1．The days they travelled together meant a lot to him. 2．Nobody knows the reason she didn’t go to the party. 3．We visited the house the famous scientist once lived. 4．The car window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown. 5．The Smiths have two children, both of work in New York. 6．It was a period they met very frequently. 7．We have come to a point everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement. 8．The reason he gave up his well－paid job isn’t known to us. 9．Miss Liu is an excellent teacher from I have learned a lot. 10．The lab the chemist often does experiments is not far from here. 二．.选词填空(that, which, when, where, why) 1．I treasure the time we spent together. 2．Call me you’ve finished. 3．The reason he explained at the meeting was not sound. 4．The reason he was late was that he missed his train. 5．Keep the book in a place you can find it easily. 6．This is the house was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 考点二 写作精讲 语言学习 写作积累 与语言学习相关的表达 短语 语言类型 oral/spoken English英语口语　written English书面英语 official language官方语言　standard language标准语言 学习资源 language learning app语言学习应用程序　online course在线课程 language exchange platform语言交流平台　audiovisual materials视听材料 学习困难 vocabulary confusion词汇混淆　limited vocabulary词汇量有限 have difficulty in memorizing words记单词有困难 poor listening comprehension听力理解差　make mistakes犯错误 lack of language environment缺乏语言环境 cultural differences in language learning语言学习中的文化差异 学习方式 effective ways to learn English学习英语的有效方法 enlarge one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量　take part in the English corner 参加英语角 keep a diary in English用英语写日记　follow the WeChat official account关注微信公众号 communicate with sb. in English/Chinese用英语/汉语与某人交流 give sb. some advice on how to learn English就如何学习英语给某人一些建议 学习成果 master a language掌握一门语言　achieve fluency达到流利的程度 improve language skills提高语言技能　gain confidence in...在……方面获得信心 develop cross-cultural communication skills培养跨文化交流技能 句式 学习的 必要性 1.As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important. 随着世界正在变成一个地球村,英语变得越来越重要。 2.Everyone knows that English is the most widely used international language of today. 每个人都知道,英语是现在使用最广泛的国际语言。 学习的好处 1.Having a good command of English means more opportunities in the future. 精通英语意味着在将来有更多的机会。 2.Only by learning English can we broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.只有通过学英语我们才能够开阔视野,增加我们各领域的知识。 3.Learning English is one of the demands of modern society and lays a solid foundation for our future careers.学习英语是现代社会的要求之一,它为我们未来的职业打下坚实的基础。 学习的方法 1.First of all, I think we should memorize as many words as possible. 首先,我认为我们应该记住尽可能多的单词。 2.What's more, we can also do some listening exercises. 更重要的是,我们还可以做一些听力练习。 3.Keeping a diary is an effective way to improve writing. 写日记是一个提高写作水平的有效方法。 4.Besides, you are supposed to read English aloud as often as possible, for this can develop your sense of language.此外,你应当尽可能频繁地大声读英语,因为这能培养你的语感。 5.Last but not least, it's a good idea to read interesting English news, which can help you develop your interest in English.最后但同样重要的是,阅读有趣的英语新闻是个不错的主意,这有助于培养你对英语的兴趣。 写作题目 　　假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Mike来信说中国书法很难学。就此请你用英语给他写一封回信,主要内容包括: 1.学习书法的意义; 2.练习书法的技巧; 3.给他鼓励和信心。 注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考词汇:writing brush毛笔 Dear Mike, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 思路点拨 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 1.　　　　n.书法  2.　　　　prep.尽管   3.　　　　　　汉字   4.　　　　　　不论谁   5.　　　　　　在……方面起着重要作用   6.　　　　　　在……上有困难   Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一段:介绍写信目的 (1)I'm sorry 　　　　 　　　　(知道) that you are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(在……上有困难)the study of Chinese calligraphy. I'm writing to tell you something about it.  第二段:简要说明学习书法的意义、练习书法的技巧并给予鼓励和信心 (2)As it is 　　　　(要求很高), even many Chinese feel it hard 　　　　 　　　　(写) with a writing brush.   (3)Despite this, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(学习……很重要)the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters.   (4)　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(学习中国书法在……方面起着重要的作用) learning about Chinese culture and history.   (5)　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(不管你是谁), if you want to be a master, first you have to be patient.   (6)And second, stick to practice.You will 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(取得更大的进步)by practicing more.  2.句式升级 (7)用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构改写句(6) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  连句成篇 Dear Mike,  　　I'm sorry to know with the study of Chinese calligraphy. I'm writing to tell you something about it.  In fact, you are not alone. As it is even many Chinese writing brush. Despite this, it is very important to learn the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters. plays an important role in learning about Chinese culture and history.  to be a master, first you have to be patient. And second,  Believe in  　　Best wishes!   Yours, Li Hua   (2025江西上饶月考) 　　外教Lisa要求大家在下周一的口语课上分享各自学习英语的好方法。请你据此写一篇发言稿,内容包括: 1.介绍你的方法; 2.简要说明理由。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 　　Good morning, everyone. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一．语法训练 A.用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空 1.Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 our children were little.   2.One of the reasons 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 he was refused in the interview was that he spoke broken English.  3.He gets into a situation 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is hard to decide what is right.  4.We have come to a point 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is difficult to reach an agreement.  5.In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.  6.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes 　　　　 　　　　 we can learn without repeating them.   7.But so far that is only true for the specific tasks 　　　　 　　　　 the systems have been designed.  8.The woman 　　　　 　　　　 I turned for help just now is my English teacher.   9.I wanted to reach out to and connect with somebody 　　　　 　　　　 I had something in common.  10.The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food 　　　　 　　　　 they would have died of hunger or cold.  二．完成句子 1.你练习得越多,你理解得就越好。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...) 　　　　 　　　　 you practice, 　　　　 　　　　 you can understand.   2.Guzheng is part of traditional Chinese culture and it is greatly important for Chinese folk music.(句型转换,“be of+抽象名词”) →Guzheng is part of traditional Chinese culture and it 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for Chinese folk music.   三．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Studies suggest that 1 number of people who are taking Chinese courses abroad, including those with Chinese backgrounds, has reached over 100 million. This is because Chinese is seen as a major tool with 2 people can communicate and do business both in China and in other countries. For foreign 3 (company) wanting to do business in China, they can have a huge advantage over their competitors if they can master the Chinese language. The increasing popularity of the Chinese language has led 4 the introduction of a variety of teaching programs and classes in some countries. Some say even baby-sitters in New York who are able to speak Chinese are 5 (well) paid than others. The growing number of people in other countries who have a strong wish 6 (learn)Chinese can be partly the result of their love for Chinese cultures. That perhaps also explains why 7 (tradition) Chinese cultures, from kung fu films and Chinese calligraphy to such ancient works as The Analects(论语) of Confucius and Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, 8 (win) so many “diehard fans” in other countries. Jim Rogers, a Wall Street tycoon (大亨), once at a conference played for the other participants a video of his daughter 9 (read) aloud a classical Chinese poem. Just as he says, whether you like it 10 not, Chinese will be the most important language in the 21st century. B China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times. There are many reasons 1 this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. Several thousand years ago, ancient Chinese people 2 (carve) symbols on animal bones and shells, some of which can still be seen in today’s hanzi. As people were divided geographically, there were many different 3 ​ (variety) of dialects and characters. However, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Today, no matter 4 ​Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become 5 ​ important means to connect China’s present with its past. People in modern times can read the works which 6 ​ (write) by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard 7 ​the Chinese writing system can be seen in the 8 ​​ (develop) of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which is believed to date back to the Han Dynasty (202 BCE — 220 CE). As China plays a greater role in 9 ​(globe) affairs, an 10 (increase) number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. C 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are countless rankings (排名) of difficult languages to learn. Now, we are talking about second-language learning here, not learning one’s native tongue. Some such rankings are 1 (official), like the Accreditedonlinecolleges.com ranking; others are official, for example, the DLI classification 2 (base) on the number of hours needed to achieve a certain level. The top spot in all these rankings 3 (give) to Chinese: Accreditedonlinecolleges.com lists Mandarin and Cantonese 4 (separate) as No.1 and No.2; the DLI classification includes Chinese in the most difficult group IV, 5 Arabic, Japanese and Korean are also listed. But what are the main 6 (difficult) in learning Chinese? In addition to 7 unfamiliar writing system and many dialects, Chinese is difficult to learn because of the “exotic” sounds it has and especially its tone (声调) system. There are four tones in Mandarin and six tones in Cantonese. Besides, one other language in one of those lists of difficult-to-learn languages 8 (be) Icelandic. It is certainly true that many Icelandic phonemes (音素) don’t have exact English equivalents. Other challenges of Icelandic lie 9 its vocabulary and grammar. Icelandic is one of the most conservative North Germanic languages, and it is undoubtedly much 10 (close) to English, which makes it rather easier for an English speaker to learn. 二．写作训练 1．学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom 为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括: 1. 学习活动状况描述; 2. 简单评论; 3. 你的建议。 注意: 1. 词数80 左右; 2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 Learning English Beyond the Classroom Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．假如你是李华，高中入学以来，英语老师要求每位学生定期背诵英语课文，但你对此不太赞同，对于每次的背诵任务很是苦恼，请给一个英语杂志的建议专栏(Advice Column)的编辑 Cathy 写封信，向她寻求帮助。要点包括： 1.倾诉你的问题：比如课文太多，背诵不了，枯燥无味等； 2.询问 Cathy 对背诵英语课文的看法； 3.向 Cathy 寻求建议。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可增加细节，使行文连贯；3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总字数。 Dear Cathy, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 3．现在全世界都在兴起学习汉语的热潮。假如你是李华，你的外籍朋友Jason来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请根据以下要点给他写一封回信。 要点：(1) 参加中文俱乐部； (2) 学唱中文歌曲，观看中文电影； (3) 阅读中文书籍和报刊； (4) 交中国朋友。 注意：(1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jason, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 4．假设你是英语课代表李华，上周你对本班48位同学开展了一项名为“A Survey on English Learning Challenges”的调查，结果如下图所示。请你根据图表信息给英语报的English Learning栏目投稿，内容包括： 1.简要描述图表内容； 2.针对其中一项挑战提出相应的学习建议。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 English Learning: From Problems to Solutions Last week, I did a survey on English Learning Challenges in our class. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. When you read, you can not only learn some new words, but also you can learn how to use these English words. When you read, it gives you a good example for writing. Read something that you can (more or less) understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting. Reading books with a reasonable number of new words is very important. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. But you don’t have to write them while you read. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read, and mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them. You should develop a good habit of reading. For example, read for a short time once a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix (固定) a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime. There are a variety of books in the bookstore, so what kinds of books should you choose? Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. So, choose an interesting book. You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China, for example, 21st Century Teens. It is easy enough for you to understand it. There is something interesting in it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Born and raised in the US, I often heard my father talk about the history, ancient traditions and warm-hearted people of his homeland — China. When he shared those, his eyes always lit up, which planted a seed of curiosity in my heart. At 18, I went to China as an exchange student, eager to explore the country he loved. I had thought the journey would be easy, yet cultural gaps soon made me feel lost and out of place. Those subtle differences between my life in the US and here soon made daily life feel like a series of small challenges. Every morning when I walked into the classroom, classmates would lean over and ask, “Did you sleep well last night?” or “What did you have for breakfast?” I’d freeze for a second, not knowing how to respond. In the US, we’d just nod and say “Hi” without digging into such personal details. I’d mumble a quick “Fine” and hurry to my seat, not knowing the “right” ways to reply. I also struggled with the use of chopsticks and misread a classmate’s kind reminder as a criticism. All these small discomforts piled up, leaving me confused and lonely. One night, I couldn’t hold back anymore and called my father, pouring out all my frustration and confusion. He gently said, “It’s not about fitting in, but understanding.” Hearing his words, I realized what matters. I decided to embrace Chinese culture with an open heart. I turned to my father for more stories about his hometown, spending 30 minutes every morning learning Chinese characters. My Chinese friends taught me how to use chopsticks properly, took me to try local snacks, and explained the meaning behind some idioms. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Gradually, I came to understand Chinese culture. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Back in the US, I couldn’t wait to share this experience with my classmates. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $专题12 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 语法、写作讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 限制性定语从句（2） 考点二 写作精讲（语言学习） 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 核心语法 限制性定语从句（2） 【考点精讲】 1．It was a time when people were divided geographically. 2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. 3．There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. 4．These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. 5．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 一、关系副词引导的定语从句 当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。关系副词的指代及功能如下： 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why reason 原因状语 1.when 引导的定语从句 when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...＋which”结构。 I will never forget the day when I first saw you. ＝I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。 2．where引导的定语从句 where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on ...＋which”。 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in which he grew up as a child. 在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。 I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。 [名师点津]　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 3．why引导的定语从句 why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。 Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well. ＝Unsuccessful people can always find reasons for which they’re not doing well.不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。 【牛刀小试】　 用适当的关系副词填空 ①This is the place where we held a party last week. ②We will never forget the day when we met for the first time. ③I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday. [名师点津]　表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。 These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由。 I don’t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me for his being late. 我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that或省略，不用why) 【牛刀小试】　 选词填空： that, which, when, where, why ①I still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night. ②I still remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm. ③I don’t know the reason why he dropped out of college. ④I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us. ⑤Last Sunday, we went to a centre where many elderly people lived. 二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用 “介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据： 1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。 Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for “因……而出名”) 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。 2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。 This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”) 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。 3．根据句子的意思来选择。 The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen. 这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体被称为氧气。 [名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误) 护士们正在照顾的这些婴儿都非常健康。 【牛刀小试】　 同义句转换 ①I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party. →I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the Party. ②The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear. →The reason why he refused the invitation is not clear. ③The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. →The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 【牛刀小试】　 一.单句语法填空 1．The days when they travelled together meant a lot to him. 2．Nobody knows the reason why she didn’t go to the party. 3．We visited the house where the famous scientist once lived. 4．The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown. 5．The Smiths have two children, both of whom work in New York. 6．It was a period when they met very frequently. 7．We have come to a point where everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement. 8．The reason why he gave up his well－paid job isn’t known to us. 9．Miss Liu is an excellent teacher from whom I have learned a lot. 10．The lab where the chemist often does experiments is not far from here. 二．.选词填空(that, which, when, where, why) 1．I treasure the time which we spent together. 2．Call me when you’ve finished. 3．The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound. 4．The reason why he was late was that he missed his train. 5．Keep the book in a place where you can find it easily. 6．This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 考点二 写作精讲 语言学习 写作积累 与语言学习相关的表达 短语 语言类型 oral/spoken English英语口语　written English书面英语 official language官方语言　standard language标准语言 学习资源 language learning app语言学习应用程序　online course在线课程 language exchange platform语言交流平台　audiovisual materials视听材料 学习困难 vocabulary confusion词汇混淆　limited vocabulary词汇量有限 have difficulty in memorizing words记单词有困难 poor listening comprehension听力理解差　make mistakes犯错误 lack of language environment缺乏语言环境 cultural differences in language learning语言学习中的文化差异 学习方式 effective ways to learn English学习英语的有效方法 enlarge one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量　take part in the English corner 参加英语角 keep a diary in English用英语写日记　follow the WeChat official account关注微信公众号 communicate with sb. in English/Chinese用英语/汉语与某人交流 give sb. some advice on how to learn English就如何学习英语给某人一些建议 学习成果 master a language掌握一门语言　achieve fluency达到流利的程度 improve language skills提高语言技能　gain confidence in...在……方面获得信心 develop cross-cultural communication skills培养跨文化交流技能 句式 学习的 必要性 1.As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more important. 随着世界正在变成一个地球村,英语变得越来越重要。 2.Everyone knows that English is the most widely used international language of today. 每个人都知道,英语是现在使用最广泛的国际语言。 学习的好处 1.Having a good command of English means more opportunities in the future. 精通英语意味着在将来有更多的机会。 2.Only by learning English can we broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various fields.只有通过学英语我们才能够开阔视野,增加我们各领域的知识。 3.Learning English is one of the demands of modern society and lays a solid foundation for our future careers.学习英语是现代社会的要求之一,它为我们未来的职业打下坚实的基础。 学习的方法 1.First of all, I think we should memorize as many words as possible. 首先,我认为我们应该记住尽可能多的单词。 2.What's more, we can also do some listening exercises. 更重要的是,我们还可以做一些听力练习。 3.Keeping a diary is an effective way to improve writing. 写日记是一个提高写作水平的有效方法。 4.Besides, you are supposed to read English aloud as often as possible, for this can develop your sense of language.此外,你应当尽可能频繁地大声读英语,因为这能培养你的语感。 5.Last but not least, it's a good idea to read interesting English news, which can help you develop your interest in English.最后但同样重要的是,阅读有趣的英语新闻是个不错的主意,这有助于培养你对英语的兴趣。 写作题目 　　假设你是李华,你的美国笔友Mike来信说中国书法很难学。就此请你用英语给他写一封回信,主要内容包括: 1.学习书法的意义; 2.练习书法的技巧; 3.给他鼓励和信心。 注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 参考词汇:writing brush毛笔 Dear Mike, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 思路点拨 遣词造句 Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.　　　　n.书法  2.　　　　prep.尽管   3.　　　　　　汉字   4.　　　　　　不论谁   5.　　　　　　在……方面起着重要作用   6.　　　　　　在……上有困难   【答案】1.calligraphy　2.despite　3.Chinese character　4.no matter who　5.play an important role in...　6.have trouble with... Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用 1.完成句子 第一段:介绍写信目的 (1)I'm sorry 　　　　 　　　　(知道) that you are 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(在……上有困难)the study of Chinese calligraphy. I'm writing to tell you something about it.  第二段:简要说明学习书法的意义、练习书法的技巧并给予鼓励和信心 (2)As it is 　　　　(要求很高), even many Chinese feel it hard 　　　　 　　　　(写) with a writing brush.   (3)Despite this, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(学习……很重要)the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters.   (4)　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(学习中国书法在……方面起着重要的作用) learning about Chinese culture and history.   (5)　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(不管你是谁), if you want to be a master, first you have to be patient.   (6)And second, stick to practice.You will 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(取得更大的进步)by practicing more.  【答案】(1)to know;having trouble with(2)demanding; to write　(3)it is very important to learn 　(4)Learning Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in　(5)No matter who you are　(6)make greater progress 2.句式升级 (7)用“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构改写句(6) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  【答案】(7)And second, stick to practice. The more you practice, the greater progress you will make. 连句成篇 Dear Mike,  　　I'm sorry to know with the study of Chinese calligraphy. I'm writing to tell you something about it.  In fact, you are not alone. As it is even many Chinese writing brush. Despite this, it is very important to learn the artistic handwriting of Chinese characters. plays an important role in learning about Chinese culture and history.  to be a master, first you have to be patient. And second,  Believe in  　　Best wishes!   Yours, Li Hua   (2025江西上饶月考) 　　外教Lisa要求大家在下周一的口语课上分享各自学习英语的好方法。请你据此写一篇发言稿,内容包括: 1.介绍你的方法; 2.简要说明理由。 注意:写作词数应为80个左右。 　　Good morning, everyone. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 【答案】 　　Good morning, everyone. I'm here to share with you some practical ways to learn English.  First of all, I immerse myself in the language as much as possible by appreciating English movies, TV shows, and music. This method is effective because it exposes me to a variety of accents, which improves my listening skills. Additionally, I practice speaking English aloud and talking to myself about my day or any topic that comes to mind. This practice helps strengthen what I've learned and builds up confidence in my spoken English. Thank you for listening. 1.重点词汇 ①immerse sb. in...使某人沉浸于…… ②appreciate v.欣赏 ③effective adj.有效的 ④expose sb. to...使某人接触/体验…… ⑤a variety of各种各样的 ⑥come to mind突然想到 2.亮点句型 This method is effective because it exposes me to a variety of accents, which improves my listening skills.(because引导原因状语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句)这种方法很有效,因为它让我接触到各种口音,从而提高我的听力技能。  一．语法训练 A.用关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空 1.Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 our children were little.   2.One of the reasons 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 he was refused in the interview was that he spoke broken English.  3.He gets into a situation 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is hard to decide what is right.  4.We have come to a point 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　 it is difficult to reach an agreement.  5.In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 　　　　/　　　　 　　　　over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.  6.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes 　　　　 　　　　 we can learn without repeating them.   7.But so far that is only true for the specific tasks 　　　　 　　　　 the systems have been designed.  8.The woman 　　　　 　　　　 I turned for help just now is my English teacher.   9.I wanted to reach out to and connect with somebody 　　　　 　　　　 I had something in common.  10.The local peasants gave the soldiers clothes and food 　　　　 　　　　 they would have died of hunger or cold.  【答案】1.when;in which　将先行词代入从句后为“our children were little in the early years”。 2.why;for which　将先行词代入从句后为“he was refused in the interview for the reasons”。 3.where;in which　将先行词代入从句后为“it is hard to decide what is right in the situation”。 4.where/when;at which　将先行词代入从句后为“it is difficult to reach an agreement at the point”。point在这里可表时间,意为“时刻,时候”;也可表抽象的地点,意为“阶段,地步”。 5.where/in which　将先行词代入从句后为“over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter in the experiment”。 6.from which　将先行词代入从句后为“we can learn from past mistakes without repeating them”。 7.for which　将先行词代入从句后为“the systems have been designed for the specific tasks”。 8.to whom　将先行词代入从句后为“I turned to the woman for help just now”。 9.with whom　将先行词代入从句后为“I had something in common with somebody”。 10.without which　将先行词代入从句后为“they would have died of hunger or cold without clothes and food”。 二．完成句子 1.你练习得越多,你理解得就越好。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...) 　　　　 　　　　 you practice, 　　　　 　　　　 you can understand.   2.Guzheng is part of traditional Chinese culture and it is greatly important for Chinese folk music.(句型转换,“be of+抽象名词”) →Guzheng is part of traditional Chinese culture and it 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 for Chinese folk music.   【答案】1.The more;the better　2.is of great importance 三．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Studies suggest that 1 number of people who are taking Chinese courses abroad, including those with Chinese backgrounds, has reached over 100 million. This is because Chinese is seen as a major tool with 2 people can communicate and do business both in China and in other countries. For foreign 3 (company) wanting to do business in China, they can have a huge advantage over their competitors if they can master the Chinese language. The increasing popularity of the Chinese language has led 4 the introduction of a variety of teaching programs and classes in some countries. Some say even baby-sitters in New York who are able to speak Chinese are 5 (well) paid than others. The growing number of people in other countries who have a strong wish 6 (learn)Chinese can be partly the result of their love for Chinese cultures. That perhaps also explains why 7 (tradition) Chinese cultures, from kung fu films and Chinese calligraphy to such ancient works as The Analects(论语) of Confucius and Sun Tzu’s The Art of War, 8 (win) so many “diehard fans” in other countries. Jim Rogers, a Wall Street tycoon (大亨), once at a conference played for the other participants a video of his daughter 9 (read) aloud a classical Chinese poem. Just as he says, whether you like it 10 not, Chinese will be the most important language in the 21st century. 【答案】1．the 2．which 3．companies 4．to 5．better 6．to learn 7．traditional 8．have won 9．reading 10．or 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了汉语在全球的流行及其原因和影响。 1．考查冠词。句意：研究表明，在国外上中文课程的人数，包括有中文背景的人，已经超过1亿。根据句意可知，此处表示“……的数量”，应用固定短语the number of。故填the。 2．考查定语从句。句意：这是因为汉语被视为一种主要工具，人们可以用它在中国和其他国家进行交流和做生意。空处引导定语从句，先行词是a major tool，在从句中作介词with的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 3．考查名词复数。句意：对于那些想在中国做生意的外国公司来说，如果他们能掌握汉语，就能比竞争对手拥有巨大的优势。company“公司”为可数名词，根据空后their competitors可知，空处名词需用复数。故填companies。 4．考查介词。句意：汉语越来越受欢迎，导致一些国家引入了各种教学项目和课程。此处需用固定短语lead to“导致”，所以空处需用介词to。故填to。 5．考查副词比较级。句意：有人说，即使是会说中文的纽约保姆，也比其他人薪水更高。根据空后than可知，空处需用副词well的比较级better。故填better。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：其他国家越来越多的人有强烈的愿望学习汉语，这在一定程度上可能是他们热爱中国文化的结果。“have a strong wish to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“有强烈的愿望做某事”，用不定式作后置定语。故填to learn。 7．考查形容词。句意：这或许也可以解释为什么从功夫电影和中国书法，到《论语》和《孙子兵法》等古代作品，中国传统文化在其他国家赢得了如此多的“铁杆粉丝”。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词cultures，tradition的形容词为traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 8．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意同上。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响，所以句子需用现在完成时态：have/has done，主语是复数cultures，所以空处助动词需用have。故填have won。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：华尔街大亨吉姆·罗杰斯曾在一次会议上为其他与会者播放了一段视频，视频中他的女儿大声朗读一首中国古典诗歌。分析句子结构可知，空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词daughter，空处动词和名词daughter之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词作后置定语。故填reading。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：正如他所说，不管你喜欢与否，汉语都将是21世纪最重要的语言。根据空后or not可知，此处需用固定搭配whether...or not“不管……与否”。故填or。 B China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times. There are many reasons 1 this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. Several thousand years ago, ancient Chinese people 2 (carve) symbols on animal bones and shells, some of which can still be seen in today’s hanzi. As people were divided geographically, there were many different 3 ​ (variety) of dialects and characters. However, the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty. Today, no matter 4 ​Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become 5 ​ important means to connect China’s present with its past. People in modern times can read the works which 6 ​ (write) by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard 7 ​the Chinese writing system can be seen in the 8 ​​ (develop) of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which is believed to date back to the Han Dynasty (202 BCE — 220 CE). As China plays a greater role in 9 ​(globe) affairs, an 10 (increase) number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 【答案】1．why 2．carved 3．varieties 4．where 5．an 6．were written 7．for 8．development 9．global 10．increasing 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国文字系统的历史、重要性及其对连接中国古今的作用，并指出随着中国在全球事务中扮演更重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这一神奇的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 1．考查定语从句。句意：这之所以成为可能有很多原因，但其中一个主要因素是中国的文字系统。空处引导定语从句，先行词是reasons，关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导。故填why。 2．考查动词时态。句意：几千年前，古代中国人在动物骨头和贝壳上雕刻符号，其中一些在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到。设空处为谓语，根据时间状语“Several thousand years ago”可知，句子用一般过去时。故填carved。 3．考查名词复数。句意：由于人们被地理分隔，有许多不同种类的方言和文字。variety意为“种类”，是可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数。故填varieties。 4．考查让步状语从句。句意：今天，无论中国人住在哪里，说什么方言，他们都可以用书面语交流。结合语意可知，此处表示“无论哪里”，用no matter where引导让步状语从句。故填where。 5．考查冠词。句意：书面汉语也成为连接中国现在和过去的重要手段。means意为“手段”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且important发音以元音音素开头，前边用不定冠词an。故填an。 6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的作品。根据时间状语“in ancient times”可知，句子用一般过去时，which引导定语从句，指代先行词works，和write之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词用were。故填were written。 7．考查介词。句意：对汉字书写系统的高度重视可以从汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展中看出，这种艺术形式被称为中国书法，据信可以追溯到汉代（公元前202年-公元220年）。the high regard for...意为“对……的高度重视”，是固定搭配。故填for。 8．考查名词。句意：同上。空处需填名词作介词in的宾语，development是名词，意为“发展”。故填development。 9．考查形容词。句意：随着中国在全球事务中扮演更重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过这一神奇的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词affairs，global意为“全球的”，是形容词，符合题意。故填global。 10．考查形容词。句意：同上。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词number，increasing意为“越来越多的”，是形容词，符合题意。故填increasing。 C 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are countless rankings (排名) of difficult languages to learn. Now, we are talking about second-language learning here, not learning one’s native tongue. Some such rankings are 1 (official), like the Accreditedonlinecolleges.com ranking; others are official, for example, the DLI classification 2 (base) on the number of hours needed to achieve a certain level. The top spot in all these rankings 3 (give) to Chinese: Accreditedonlinecolleges.com lists Mandarin and Cantonese 4 (separate) as No.1 and No.2; the DLI classification includes Chinese in the most difficult group IV, 5 Arabic, Japanese and Korean are also listed. But what are the main 6 (difficult) in learning Chinese? In addition to 7 unfamiliar writing system and many dialects, Chinese is difficult to learn because of the “exotic” sounds it has and especially its tone (声调) system. There are four tones in Mandarin and six tones in Cantonese. Besides, one other language in one of those lists of difficult-to-learn languages 8 (be) Icelandic. It is certainly true that many Icelandic phonemes (音素) don’t have exact English equivalents. Other challenges of Icelandic lie 9 its vocabulary and grammar. Icelandic is one of the most conservative North Germanic languages, and it is undoubtedly much 10 (close) to English, which makes it rather easier for an English speaker to learn. 【答案】1．unofficial 2．based 3．is given 4．separately 5．where 6．difficulties 7．an 8．is 9．in 10．closer 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了各类外语学习难度排名中，汉语稳居最难学语言榜首的原因，同时也提及冰岛语虽被列为难学语言，但对英语使用者而言学习难度更低的特点。 【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：一些此类排名是非官方的，比如在线认证学院的排名；另一些则是官方的，例如基于达到一定水平所需学习时长的国防语言学院分类法。根据后句“others are official”的对比可知，此处表示“非官方的”，需将名词official转换为反义词unofficial，作表语。故填unofficial。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些此类排名是非官方的，比如在线认证学院的排名；另一些则是官方的，例如基于达到一定水平所需学习时长的国防语言学院分类法。此处为非谓语动词作定语，be based on为固定搭配，意为“基于……”，应用过去分词形式based。故填based。 3．考查动词时态和语态。句意：所有这些排名的榜首都被授予了汉语。本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The top spot与give之间为被动关系，意为“被授予”，且主语为单数，故用一般现在时的被动语态is given。故填is given。 4．考查副词。句意：在线认证学院将普通话和粤语分别列为第一名和第二名。此处修饰动词lists，应用副词作状语，将形容词separate转换为副词separately，意为“分别地”。故填separately。 5．考查定语从句。句意：国防语言学院的分类将汉语归入最难的第四类，阿拉伯语、日语和韩语也被列入该类别。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是group IV，指抽象的地点范畴，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 6．考查名词。句意：但学习汉语的主要困难是什么呢？形容词main后接名词，且根据系动词are可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，将形容词difficult转换为名词difficulties，意为“困难之处”。故填difficulties。 7．考查冠词。句意：除了一套陌生的书写体系和众多方言外，汉语难学还因为它有着“独特的”发音，尤其是其声调体系。writing system为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一套陌生的书写体系”，为泛指；且unfamiliar是以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an。故填an。 8．考查主谓一致和时态。句意：此外，这些最难学语言榜单中还有一种语言是冰岛语。本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语one other language为单数，故be动词用is。故填is。 9．考查介词。句意：冰岛语的其他学习难点在于其词汇和语法。lie in为固定搭配，意为“在于”，故此处用介词in。故填in。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：冰岛语是最保守的北日耳曼语支之一，而且它无疑与英语的联系紧密得多，这让英语使用者学习它变得相当容易。根据空前的much和句意可知，此处表示比较含义，需将形容词close转换为比较级closer，much用来修饰比较级加强语气。故填closer。 二．写作训练 1．学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom 为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括: 1. 学习活动状况描述; 2. 简单评论; 3. 你的建议。 注意: 1. 词数80 左右; 2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 Learning English Beyond the Classroom Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Learning English Beyond the Classroom Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, students have diverse ways to learn English beyond the classroom. The survey shows that 65% listen to English songs and 50% watch English movies, while only 18% read English books and 12% visit learning websites. Clearly, most students favor entertaining activities, which are fun but lack in-depth learning. To improve effectively, we should balance enjoyment with focused practice. Read more English books to expand vocabulary and use learning websites for systematic study. This way, we can make our English learning both enjoyable and productive. 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生学校对于英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom 为题的讨论这一情况，使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 各种各样的：diverse→ various 显然：Clearly→ Obviously 扩大：expand→ enlarge 提高：improve→ enhance 2.句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：Read more English books to expand vocabulary and use learning websites for systematic study. 拓展句：I suggest that you read more English books to expand your vocabulary and use learning websites for systematic study. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Clearly, most students favor entertaining activities, which are fun but lack in-depth learning.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】The survey shows that 65% listen to English songs and 50% watch English movies, while only 18% read English books and 12% visit learning websites.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 2．假如你是李华，高中入学以来，英语老师要求每位学生定期背诵英语课文，但你对此不太赞同，对于每次的背诵任务很是苦恼，请给一个英语杂志的建议专栏(Advice Column)的编辑 Cathy 写封信，向她寻求帮助。要点包括： 1.倾诉你的问题：比如课文太多，背诵不了，枯燥无味等； 2.询问 Cathy 对背诵英语课文的看法； 3.向 Cathy 寻求建议。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可增加细节，使行文连贯；3.开头结尾已给出，不计入总字数。 Dear Cathy, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Cathy, As a High school student with a big problem in my English study, I’m writing to ask you for some advice. Since entering high school, we have been required by our English teacher to recite English passages, some of which are not only long but also difficult. Don’t you feel it’s a waste of time? Do you agree that it’s a better way to simply read the passages aloud repeatedly than recite them word by word? I do need your advice on whether I should go on with the reciting task, and I’ll appreciate it if you offer me more guidance on learning English well. Yours, Lihua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份给杂志建议专栏编辑Cathy写信，倾诉对英语老师要求定期背诵英语课文这一任务的苦恼，询问Cathy对背诵英语课文的看法并寻求建议。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 要求：require → demand 背诵：recite → memorize 继续：go on with → carry on with/proceed with 指导：guidance → instructions 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As a High school student with a big problem in my English study, I’m writing to ask you for some advice. 拓展句：As a High school student who has a big problem in my English study, I’m writing to ask you for some advice. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Since entering high school, we have been required by our English teacher to recite English passages, some of which are not only long but also difficult.(运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】Do you agree that it’s a better way to simply read the passages aloud repeatedly than recite them word by word?(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 3．现在全世界都在兴起学习汉语的热潮。假如你是李华，你的外籍朋友Jason来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请根据以下要点给他写一封回信。 要点：(1) 参加中文俱乐部； (2) 学唱中文歌曲，观看中文电影； (3) 阅读中文书籍和报刊； (4) 交中国朋友。 注意：(1) 写作词数应为80个左右； (2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Jason, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jason, I’m glad to receive your letter and know you’re interested in learning Chinese well. Here I’d like to share some useful advice with you. First, you can join a Chinese club to practice speaking with others. Besides, learning Chinese songs and watching Chinese movies is a fun way to improve your listening and pronunciation. What’s more, reading Chinese books and newspapers helps enlarge your vocabulary. Last but not least, try to make more Chinese friends, which allows you to learn real and daily Chinese. I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Jason写一封回信，就如何才能学好中文提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 方式：way→approach 扩大：enlarge→extend 使能够：allow→enable 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Besides, learning Chinese songs and watching Chinese movies is a fun way to improve your listening and pronunciation. 拓展句：Besides, if you learn Chinese songs and watch Chinese movies, you will find it a fun way to improve your listening and pronunciation. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Besides, learning Chinese songs and watching Chinese movies is a fun way to improve your listening and pronunciation.（运用了动名词learning作主语和不定式to improve 作后置定语） 4．假设你是英语课代表李华，上周你对本班48位同学开展了一项名为“A Survey on English Learning Challenges”的调查，结果如下图所示。请你根据图表信息给英语报的English Learning栏目投稿，内容包括： 1.简要描述图表内容； 2.针对其中一项挑战提出相应的学习建议。 注意： 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 English Learning: From Problems to Solutions Last week, I did a survey on English Learning Challenges in our class. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 English Learning: From Problems to Solutions Last week, I did a survey on English Learning Challenges in our class. Different strategies can be adopted to deal with writing difficulties. First, you can keep a simple weekly journal in English to practise expressing your ideas clearly. It also helps to read good sample passages, since they provide you with examples of how to organize ideas and offer expressions that you can use in your own writing. In addition, you are encouraged to ask teachers or classmates for feedback so that you can correct mistakes and make progress more quickly. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据图表信息给英语报的English Learning栏目投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 应对：deal with→cope with 采用：adopt→employ 表达：express→convey 使用：use→utilize 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First, you can keep a simple weekly journal in English to practise expressing your ideas clearly. 拓展句：First, you can keep a simple weekly journal in English so that you can practise expressing your ideas clearly. 【点睛】【高分句型1】First, you can keep a simple weekly journal in English to practise expressing your ideas clearly.（运用了不定式作目的状语） 【高分句型2】It also helps to read good sample passages, since they provide you with examples of how to organize ideas and offer expressions that you can use in your own writing.（运用了since引导原因状语从句） 5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. When you read, you can not only learn some new words, but also you can learn how to use these English words. When you read, it gives you a good example for writing. Read something that you can (more or less) understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting. Reading books with a reasonable number of new words is very important. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. But you don’t have to write them while you read. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read, and mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them. You should develop a good habit of reading. For example, read for a short time once a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix (固定) a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime. There are a variety of books in the bookstore, so what kinds of books should you choose? Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. So, choose an interesting book. You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China, for example, 21st Century Teens. It is easy enough for you to understand it. There is something interesting in it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version: Reading is an important way to help you learn English well. Here are a few tips on reading books. Firstly, while reading books at the right level, you should try to increase the number of your new words. Besides, it’s very important for you to read regularly and form a good reading habit. Lastly, you should choose the books and newspapers that interest you most. 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以通过阅读的方式来学习英语。在阅读时遇到不认识的新单词不要急着查字典而是要试着猜测其意思，在读完之后再查字典并且写在笔记本上。同时还要养成良好的固定的读书习惯。最后选择一些你会花时间和金钱阅读的书或者报纸等。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. ②Reading books with a reasonable number of new words is very important. ③You should develop a good habit of reading. ④So, choose an interesting book. You can also read newspapers. 2. 缜密构思 第1个要点起到总起的作用，第2、3、4个要点进行分说。 3. 遣词造句 Reading is an important way to help you learn English well. Here are a few tips on reading books. Firstly, while reading books at the right level, you should try to increase the number of your new words. Besides, it’s very important for you to read regularly and form a good reading habit. Lastly, you should choose the books and newspapers that interest you most. 【点睛】【高分句型1】it’s very important for you to read regularly and form a good reading habit. （it作形式主语） 【高分句型2】you should choose the books and newspapers that interest you most.（that引导的定语从句） 6．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Born and raised in the US, I often heard my father talk about the history, ancient traditions and warm-hearted people of his homeland — China. When he shared those, his eyes always lit up, which planted a seed of curiosity in my heart. At 18, I went to China as an exchange student, eager to explore the country he loved. I had thought the journey would be easy, yet cultural gaps soon made me feel lost and out of place. Those subtle differences between my life in the US and here soon made daily life feel like a series of small challenges. Every morning when I walked into the classroom, classmates would lean over and ask, “Did you sleep well last night?” or “What did you have for breakfast?” I’d freeze for a second, not knowing how to respond. In the US, we’d just nod and say “Hi” without digging into such personal details. I’d mumble a quick “Fine” and hurry to my seat, not knowing the “right” ways to reply. I also struggled with the use of chopsticks and misread a classmate’s kind reminder as a criticism. All these small discomforts piled up, leaving me confused and lonely. One night, I couldn’t hold back anymore and called my father, pouring out all my frustration and confusion. He gently said, “It’s not about fitting in, but understanding.” Hearing his words, I realized what matters. I decided to embrace Chinese culture with an open heart. I turned to my father for more stories about his hometown, spending 30 minutes every morning learning Chinese characters. My Chinese friends taught me how to use chopsticks properly, took me to try local snacks, and explained the meaning behind some idioms. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Gradually, I came to understand Chinese culture. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Back in the US, I couldn’t wait to share this experience with my classmates. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 Gradually, I came to understand Chinese culture. Those daily greetings that once embarrassed me turned out to be the most sincere kindness from my classmates. I finally realized that the small traditions my father had told me were deeply rooted in everyday life. I began to appreciate the warmth in shared meals, the beauty in Chinese characters, and the respect hidden in simple manners. I no longer regarded cultural differences as challenges, but as chances to connect with a wonderful culture. I’m truly grateful for this exchange experience to see, feel and understand the land that my father has been loving. Back in the US, I couldn’t wait to share this experience with my classmates. I told them vivid stories about my life in China, the kind friends I had made, and the colorful traditions I had experienced. I showed them photos of local snacks and meaningful customs, helping them see a real and lively China beyond textbooks. I also explained how I had changed from feeling lost to fully understanding and loving Chinese culture. This exchange journey has changed my mind, teaching me to understand, respect, and appreciate different cultures. 【导语】文章以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在美国出生长大，从小听父亲讲述中国，心中埋下对中国好奇的种子。18岁作为交换生来到中国后，因文化差异在日常交流、生活习惯等方面感到迷茫、不适与孤独。在父亲的开导下，作者决定以开放的心态接纳、了解并融入中国文化，主动学习汉语、接受朋友的帮助，努力适应中国的生活。 【详解】1.段落续写 ①由第一段首句内容“渐渐地，我开始理解中国文化。”可知，第一段可描写作者对于中国文化的深入理解以及对这次交流经历的感激。 ②由第二段首句内容“回到美国后，我迫不及待地把这段经历分享给同学们”可知，第二段可描写作者和同学们分享中国文化以及自己的感悟。 2.续写线索：深入了解中国文化——感激交流经历——和同学们分享中国文化——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①意识到：realize/be aware of ②把……看作……：regard…as…/consider…as… ③理解：understand/comprehend ④帮助：help/assist ⑤解释：explain/account for 情绪类 ①感激的：grateful/appreciative ②有意义的：meaningful/significant 【点睛】[高分句型1] I finally realized that the small traditions my father had told me were deeply rooted in everyday life.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that的定语从句） [高分句型2] This exchange journey has changed my mind, teaching me to understand, respect, and appreciate different cultures.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） $