专题11 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文讲解（暑假预习讲义）新高一英语人教版

专题11 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文解读 课文对译解读1 课文重点词汇 课文结构 课文对译解读2 考点二 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文知识解析 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 课文解读 课文对译解读1 Reading and Thinking 原文呈现 Explore the Chinese writing system​① 1.Look at the title and picture below. Predict what the text will be about.（what引导的宾语从句） 【答案】The text may be about the Chinese writing system and its history from ancient times to the present day. 2.Read the text quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph. THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND② THE PRESENT China is widely known for（［对比］be known as...作为……而闻名；被称作……） its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through③into modern times, despite④ the many ups and downs⑤ in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible（关系副词why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，why在从句中作原因状语。）, but one of the main factors⑥ has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language⑦ . It dates back⑧ several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones⑨and shells⑩ on which symbols​⑪were carved⑫ by ancient Chinese people（"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animal bones and shells。）. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty⑬（around 1600 - 1046 BCE）, these symbols had become （"By+过去时间"常与过去完成时had done连用）a well-developed⑭ writing system. Over the years⑮, the system developed into⑯ different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically⑰ , leading to many varieties⑱ of dialects⑲ and characters⑳ .【1】 This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty （221-207 BCE）. Emperor Qinshihuang united㉑ the seven major㉒ states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction㉓ （where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词one unified country，where在从句中作地点状语。）. That writing system was of great importance㉔ （"of+抽象名词"结构作表语）in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak （"no matter +特殊疑问词"引导的让步状语从句，what前省略了no matter。） , they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means㉕ by which China’s present is connected with its past（"介词by+which"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词an important means。）. People in modern times can read the classic works㉖ which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for㉗ the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy㉘ , which has become an important part of Chinese culture.【2】 Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in㉙ global affairs（As意为"随着"，引导时间状语从句。）㉚, an increasing number of㉛ international students are beginning to appreciate㉜ China’s culture and history through this amazing language（介词短语作方式状语）. 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。 汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些动物骨头和壳上面刻画符号。这些古代符号中的一些在今天的汉字中仍可看到。到商朝（约公元前1600年—前1046年） 时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝（公元前221年—前207年）秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。 秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家，中国的书写体系在这个国家开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——中国书法。中国书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 课文重点词汇1 ①Chinese writing system 汉字书写体系 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n.［C］体系；制度；系统 ②connect...and/to/with... 连接……和…… ③all the way through 一直, 自始至终 ④despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 即使；尽管（=in spite of） 详见P245 ⑤ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 ⑥the main factor主要因素 factor /ˈfæktə（r）/ n.［C］因素；要素 ⑦a picture-based language基于图形的语言 构词法 picture-based是"名词+动词-ed"构成的复合形容词。动词-ed与被修饰的名词 是动宾关系。类似的词还有man-made（人造的）、handmade（手工制作的）等。 base /beɪs/ vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n.［C］底部；根据 详见P246 ⑧date back （to...） 追溯到 详见P246 ⑨bone /bəʊn/ n.［C］骨头;［U］骨质 ⑩shell /ʃel/ n.［C，U］ 壳；［C］壳状物 ⑪symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n.［C］符号；象征 搭配 a/the symbol of… ……的象征 Almost in the whole world, the dove is considered as the symbol of peace.几乎全世界都把鸽子看作是和平的象征。 词链 symbol（n.）—symbolize（ vt.象征，代表）—symbolic（adj.象征性的） ⑫carve /kɑ:v/ vt. & vi.雕刻 ⑬the Shang Dynasty商朝 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.［C］ 王朝；朝代 ⑭well-developed adj. 完善的；发展良好的 ⑮over the years 多年以来；这些年来 ⑯develop into. .... （into表示最终成为的状态）发展成…… ⑰geographically /ˌdʒi:əˈgræfɪkli/ adv. 在地理上地 派生构词 geography（n.地理）+-ical（形容词后缀）+-ly（副词后缀）→geographically（adv.） ⑱variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n.［C］ （植物、语言等的）变体 ⑲dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n.［C,U］ 地方话；方言 ⑳character /ˈkærəktə（r）/ n.［C］文字,符号 ㉑unite /juˈnaɪt/ vt.& vi. 统一；vi.联合，团结 构词法 unite是由词根-un-/-uni-（表示"单一，一个"）+后缀-ite（"促成……"）构成 的单词。含有该词根的词还有unify（vt.使成一体）、unique（adj.唯一的）等。 ㉒major /ˈmeɪdʒə（r）/ adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 ㉓in （表示"朝着"）one direction 朝着一个方向 in all directions朝着各个方向 ㉔be of great importance（=be very important）非常重要 语用 "of + 抽象名词"相当于该名词的形容词形式。 ㉕means /mi:nz/ n.［C］ 方式；方法；途径（pl. means） by means of...借助……手段，依靠……方法 ㉖classic works 经典作品 classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.［C］ 经典作品；名著 ㉗high regard for... 对……十分尊敬/非常重视 regard /rɪˈɡɑ:d/ n.［U］ 尊重；关注 ㉘Chinese calligraphy中国书法 calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n.［U］ 书法；书法艺术 ㉙play a（n） ... role in... 在……中扮演……角色 （role可换为part） ㉚global affairs 全球事务 global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的 affair /əˈfeə（r）/ n.［pl.］ 公共事务；［C,usually sing.］事件 ㉛an 动词-ing形式作定语，修饰number。increasing number of...越来越多的…… ㉜appreciate /əˈpri:ʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏；重视 课文语篇结构 【答案】1.The Chinese writing system 2.beginning and development 3.many varieties of dialects and characters 4.uniting the Chinese people and culture 5.an art form 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 China is 　1　(wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 　2　(factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.  Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 　3　 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 　4　(become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 　5　(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 　6　 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.   Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with 　7　(it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 　8　(write) by Chinese in ancient times.   As China plays a greater role in 　9　(globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 　10　 appreciate China's culture and history.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   1.【答案】widely　 【解析】考查副词。be widely known for...因……而广为人知。句意:中国因其古老的文明而广为人知,这种古老的文明一直延续到现在。 2.【答案】factors　 【解析】考查名词复数。one of the后接可数名词复数。故填factors。句意:这其中的一个主要因素就是汉语书写体系。 3.【答案】on　 【解析】考查介词。be based on...以……为基础,故填介词on。 4.【答案】had become　 【解析】考查动词的时态。由时间状语By the Shang Dynasty可知,此处指在过去某一时间之前完成的动作,故用过去完成时。句意:到了商朝,这些符号已经成为一套成熟的书写体系。 5.【答案】leading　 【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,设空处前面的主句和从句已有谓语动词,且设空处前面只有逗号,没有连词,故推测设空处应填非谓语动词。设空处前面表示“由于人们生活在不同的地方”,后面表示“产生了许多种方言和文字”,所以设空处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。 6.【答案】an　 【解析】考查冠词。play an important part in...在……中起重要的作用。important的发音以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。 7.【答案】its 　【解析】考查代词。这里指“中国的现在和它的过去被连接起来”,应用形容词性物主代词its。 8.【答案】written　 【解析】考查过去分词。这里指“由古代中国人写的经典作品”,设空处作后置定语修饰名词短语classic works,且classic works与write之间为被动关系,故填过去分词written。 9.【答案】global　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处作定语,修饰名词affairs,故填形容词global,global affairs表示“全球事务”。 10.【答案】and　 【解析】考查连词。这里指“越来越多的国际学生开始学习汉语并欣赏中国的文化和历史”,前后内容为递进关系,故填连词and。 考点二 课文知识解析 1. based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 [教材原句]　At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture－based language.汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。 (1)base vt.　以……为据点；以……为基础n. 底部；根据 base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon... 以……为基础 (2)basic adj. 基础的；基本的 [佳句背诵] One should always base his opinion on facts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①The film is very popular because it is based on/upon a real person. ②They have to have a basic(base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology. 2. variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 [教材原句]　Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。 a variety of/varieties of　各种各样的 various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 [佳句背诵] As our new stadium is equipped with modern facilities, we can organize a variety of activities in it. 因为我们学校新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，因此我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words. ②It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for various(vary) reasons. [名师点津]　a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修；专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生 [教材原句]　Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。 major in　主修…… majority n. 大部分；大多数 the majority of 大多数…… [佳句背诵] As far as I know，Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University.据我所知，玛丽正在斯坦福大学专攻法语。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义 ①I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.大的 ②Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.重要的 ③The volunteer was a native of Beijing and majored in history at college.主修 ④Her major is French while mine is engineering.主修课程 4. means n．方法；方式；途径 [教材原句]Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。 by this means　　　通过这种方法 by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法 by no means 绝不；无论如何也不；一点都不 (置于句首时，句子要部分倒装) [佳句背诵] By no means will I give in to the challenge.我绝不向挑战低头。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①Only by this means is it possible to persuade him out of smoking. ②Every means has(have) been used to calm the woman down. [名师点津]　means用作“方式；方法”时，单复数同形。 5. regard n．尊重；关注；问候；致意 vt.把……视为；看待 [教材原句]The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form，known as Chinese calligraphy，which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 [佳句背诵] I know you show great interest in ping－pong, which is regarded as the National Ball of China.我知道你对乒乓球很感兴趣，它被认为是中国的国球。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义 ①Mike had high regard for his old law professor.尊重 ②Please give my best regards to your parents.致意 ③Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring people in the world.把……视为 ④The teenager has no regard for other people’s feelings.关注 6. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 [教材原句]　As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 (1)appreciate doing sth　　喜欢/感激做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激 (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 [佳句背诵] Chinese calligraphy has been appreciated by a lot of people outside China.中国书法已经被许多国外人士欣赏。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义/单句语法填空 ①Many people can’t fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.重视 ②I appreciate being given the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.感激 ③His talents aren’t appreciated by his boss，which made him annoyed.欣赏 ④Their investments have appreciated over the years.增值 7. date back to(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点) [教材原句]　It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期…… [佳句背诵] As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple dating(date) back to the Tang Dynasty. ②The skills of cooking in China can date back thousands of years. [名师点津]　date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式。 8.Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。 [句型公式]　It was a time when...这/那是一个……的时期 There was a time when...曾有一段时间…… ①It was a time when China experienced very big transformations.那是一个中国经历了很大变化的时代。 ②There was a time when I didn’t get along well with my classmates.有一段时间我和同学们相处得不好。 9. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。 [句型公式]　“be of＋抽象名词”结构 be of great＝be very ①The Nobel Prize is of great importance to Chinese medicine.这项诺贝尔奖对中国的医学很重要。 ②His opinion is considered to be of great value.他的意见被认为很有价值。 10. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写(汉字)进行交流。 [句型公式]　No matter how/what/when...，引导让步状语从句。 在让步状语从句中，No matter how/what/when/who/whom/where... 可以转换成however/whatever/whenever/whoever/whomever/wherever... ①No matter where I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese.不管我身在何方，我都会记住自己是一个中国人。 ②No matter how difficult it is，I’m going to finish the work ahead of time.无论有多难，我打算提前完成工作。 ③No matter who you are, you must obey the law.不论你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.This website is visited by 　　　　　(billion) of people every year.   2.Although he has suffered a lot, he has a positive attitude 　　　　　 his future life.  3.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the 　　　　　(globe) black rhino(犀牛) population has dropped as low as 5500.  4.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is 　　　　　 great importance, and the industry is playing its part.  5.I have always admired my mom's professional skills and referred 　　　　　 her as my role model.  6.She said that she was happy when she saw people online regarding her 　　　　　 the pride of the country.   7.When you recognize and understand your shyness, and then act 　　　　　(base) on that self-awareness(自我意识), it can also lead you everywhere to success.   8.When it comes to the Art Festival, our school held a 　　　　　 of activities, 　　　　　 from talent shows to speech contests, with the purpose of improving students' 　　　　　 abilities. (vary)   9.The survey shows that the 　　　　　 of senior high students look forward to 　　　　　 in engineering, thinking engineering 　　　　　 will find a well-paid job more easily after graduation. (major)   10.Moreover, having a system in the same building 　　　　　 it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil(土壤) to salad.  1.【答案】billions　 【解析】考查数词的用法。句意:每年有数十亿人访问这个网站。billions of表示“数十亿”。故填billions。 2.【答案】to/towards　 【解析】考查介词。an attitude to/towards...意为“对……的态度”。故填to或towards。句意:虽然他吃了很多苦,但他对未来的生活持积极的态度。 3.【答案】global　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处修饰其后的名词短语black rhino population,应用形容词。故填global。 4.【答案】of　 【解析】考查介词。be of importance=be important,故填of。句意:帮助下一代拥有健康和活跃的童年非常重要,该行业正在发挥作用。 5.【答案】to　 【解析】考查固定搭配。refer to...as...表示“把……称为……”。故填to。句意:我一直很钦佩妈妈的专业技能,并把她称为我的榜样。 6.【答案】as　 【解析】考查介词。regard...as...表示“认为……是……;把……看作/视为……”。故填as。句意:她说,当她在网上看到人们把她视为国家的骄傲时,她很高兴。 7.【答案】based　 【解析】考查形容词。句意:当你认识到并理解自己的羞怯,然后根据那种自我意识采取行动时,这也会让你在任何地方都取得成功。根据语境可知,该句应用based on...作状语,表示“根据……”。故填based。 8.【答案】variety;varying;various　 【解析】考查名词、现在分词和形容词。句意:谈到艺术节,我们学校举办了各种各样的活动,从才艺表演到演讲比赛,目的是提高学生的各种能力。a variety of意为“各种各样的”,故第一空填名词variety;该句中已有谓语(held),所以第二空应填非谓语动词,提示词vary与前面的名词activities为主动关系,故填现在分词varying;第三空后是复数名词abilities,应用形容词修饰,故填various。 9.【答案】majority;majoring;majors　 【解析】考查名词、动名词和名词复数。句意:调查表明,大多数高中生期待主修工科专业,认为主修工科的学生毕业后更容易找到一份高薪的工作。the majority of...意为“大多数……”,故第一空填majority;major in...意为“主修……(专业)”,第二空位于介词to后面,故填动名词majoring;第三空指“主修工科的学生”,major为可数名词,此处表示泛指但无冠词修饰,应用复数形式,故第三空填名词复数majors。 10.【答案】where　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:此外,在食用植物的同一栋建筑内建立系统,意味着植物从种植到制成沙拉的运输过程实现零排放。 设空处无提示词,结合句子结构和语境可知空后内容it's eaten的状语应为in the same building,所以设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 二．选词填空(其中有一项多余) refer to;date back to;lead to;play a great role in;ups and downs 　　The old temple in my hometown 1.　　　　　　 600 years ago and went through 2.　　　　　　 in history. When people here 3.　　　　　　 it, they think that it 4.　　　　　　 cultural activities—every year, many kinds of activities are held in this temple.   【答案】1.dates back to　2.ups and downs　3.refer to4.plays a great role in 三．完成句子 1.如果你能给我一些关于如何提升我的英语口语的建议,我将不胜感激。(appreciate) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 you could give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English.   2.We can by no means damage our cultural relics in order to develop the economy.(句式升级,倒装句) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 damage our cultural relics in order to develop the economy.   3.无论几点,妈妈总是站在门口,盼着我回家。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, Mom always stands at the door, expecting me to come home.  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, Mom always stands at the door, expecting me to come home. (读后续写—场景描写)  【答案】1.I'd appreciate it if　2.By no means can we　3.①No matter what the time is/No matter what time it is②Whatever the time is/Whatever time it is 课文对译解读2 Reading for Writing 原文呈现 Write a blog①about English study 1.Read these posts from an online forum② for Chinese students who are learning English and fill in the table on page 67. Learning English login sign up Wang Le Hey,everybody,what are your biggest problems with③learning English? Liu Wen Hi! I’ve been studying（现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作。） English since primary school. I used to④ get high marks in⑤ English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with⑥ my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video I can catch⑦ only a few words.（见文末的"图解秒懂"）, I can never quite get the main idea Any advice? （［口语表达］never quite get sth.指说话人往往能听懂部分词句，但不敢保证完全听明白了。）. ［文体赏析］网络留言是非正式文体，作者在这里使用了口语中常见的省略句形式， 其完整形式是"Have you got any advice？"或"Do you have any advice？"。 Listening to English radio programmes（动词-ing短语作主语） helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk（how引导的从句作介词to的宾语）. I also repeat what I hear（what引导的宾语从句，作repeat的宾语。） to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record⑧ my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with⑨ the radio host’s! My biggest headache⑩ is how to be polite in English（"疑问词+动词不定式"结构作表语 ）. It’s so much easier to just say "Open the window!", but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to say（"whether+动词不定式"结构作decide的宾语）,"Open the window, please!" or "Could you open the window, please?"or even longer "Would you mind opening the window, please?" Li Rui Yeah, that’s really hard!I think it all depends on who you’re talking to. If I’m talking to a close friend⑪ ,I can use short requests, like "Open the window"—our relationship⑫ is close and we’re equals⑬ , so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between⑭ us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer. （"make+宾语+宾补"结构，宾补由形容词longer充当。） —and I must make it a question（"make+宾语+宾补"结构，宾补由名词词组a question充当。）, not a demand⑮ ,e.g.,"Could you open the window, please?" If I’m talking to someone senior to me（形容词短语作后置定语）, then I should say, "Would you mind opening the window, please?" For me, vocabulary⑯ is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words!I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head⑰ , and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly⑱ . HELP! 学习英语 登录 注册 王乐 嗨，大家好，你们在英语学习中遇到的最大问题是什么呢？ 刘文 嗨！我从小学开始就一直在学英语。我以前英语常常拿高分，但是现在我在听力上遇到了很大的麻烦。我听视频里的母语是英语的人交谈的时候，只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 贾鑫 收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述我所听到的内容来帮我自己培养语感。有时我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的事是如何用英语得体地表达。只说"打开窗户！"容易得多，但在英语里那可能听起来令人很不快。我必须考虑自己在和谁说话，然后决定是说"请打开窗户！"，还是说"请你打开窗户，好吗？"，还是说甚至更长的"请问,您介意打开窗户吗？" 李锐 是的，那真的很难！我觉得一切都取决于你在跟谁说话。如果在和亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，比如"开下窗户"——我们关系密切，彼此平等， 因此我只需说几个字，就能让对方明白我的意思。但如果是在和与自己不太亲密的人说话，我就必须把我的请求说得更长些——而且我必须以问问题的形式说，不能用要求的口气，比如"请问，你能开下窗户吗？"。如果是在和比我年长的人说话，那么我就应该说"请问，您介意开下窗户吗？"。对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！我无法一下子在脑子里记住所有的生词，也肯定记不住如何恰当地使用它们。求帮忙！ 课文重点词汇2 ①blog /blɒɡ/ n.［C］ 博客；网络日志 blog post 博文，博客帖子 blogger n.［C］博客作者，博主 ②an online forum /ˈfɔ:rəm/ 网上论坛 ③problems with...……方面的问题 have problems with sth. 在某方面有问题 have problems （in） doing sth. 做某事有问题 ④used to do sth.过去常常做某事 辨析 be/get used to （doing） sth. 习惯于（做）某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ⑤get high marks in... 在……上得分高 ⑥have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难 ⑦catch vt. 熟词生义 听清楚，领会 ⑧ 一词多义 ⑨compare A with B 把A与B相比 拓展 compare A to B 把A比作B ⑩headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n.［C］ 熟词生义 令人头痛的人（或事物），麻烦 ⑪a close friend 亲密的朋友 ⑫relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n.［C］（人、团体、国家之间的） 关系，联系 派生构词 relation（n. 关系，联系）+-ship（名词后缀） relationship（n.） ⑬equal /ˈi:kwəl/ n.［C］ 同等的人，相等物 ⑭bridge the gap （between A and B） 消除（A和B之间的）隔阂 bridge 熟词生义 vt. 弥合（差异），消除（分歧） gap /ɡæp/ n. ［C］间隔；开口；差距 Sometimes it is really hard to bridge the generation gap.有时候要消除代沟确实困难。 ⑮demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/ n.［C］ 要求 ⑯ vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/n.［C，U］ 词汇 ⑰keep sth. straight in one’s head某人一下子将……记在脑子 ⑱properly /ˈprɒpəli/ adv.正确地，适当地；恰当地 派生构词 proper（adj.正确的，恰当的）+-ly（副词后缀）→properly （adv.） 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 Many people find it difficult 　1　(learn) English. Several Chinese students 　2　 learn English are discussing their biggest problems on an online forum. Liu Wen used to learn English well, 　3　 now he has a lot of trouble with his listening. When listening to native English speakers talking in a video, he can catch only a few 　4　(word) and he can't get the main idea. Jia Xin thinks 　5　(listen) to English radio programmes can help him get used to how fast native speakers talk. He also repeats what he hears. Sometimes he even records his voice and compares his pronunciation 　6　 the radio host's. His biggest problem is how to be polite in English. Li Rui has 　7　(she) own opinion about Jia Xin's problem. She thinks the way she speaks depends on who she is speaking to. If she speaks to 　8　 stranger, she must make her sentence 　9　(long) than to a friend. The biggest problem Li Rui is faced with is vocabulary. She can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in her head and she can't remember how to use them 　10　(proper), either.   1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   1.【答案】to learn　 【解析】考查动词不定式。该句中find后的it为形式宾语,difficult为宾补,此处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填to learn。句意:许多人觉得学英语很难。 2.【答案】who/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“　2　 learn English”是一个定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese students,且定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词who或that。 句意:几个学习英语的中国学生正在一个网络论坛上讨论他们(学习英语时遇到的)最大的问题。  3.【答案】but　 【解析】考查连词。设空处前面的“Liu Wen used to learn English well”和后面的“now he has a lot of trouble with his listening”为转折关系,故填连词but。 4.【答案】words　 【解析】考查名词复数。此处指他只能听懂几个单词。a few后接可数名词的复数形式,故填words。 5.【答案】listening　 【解析】考查动名词。分析句子结构可知,thinks后面为省略了that的宾语从句,“　5　 to English radio programmes”在宾语从句中作主语(后面有谓语can help),表示抽象概念而不表示某次具体动作(排除不定式),故填动名词listening。   6.【答案】with/to/and　 【解析】考查介词/连词。compare...with/to/and...意为“把……和……作比较”。 7.【答案】her　 【解析】考查代词。设空处后面为“own+名词”,故填形容词性物主代词her,表示“她自己的看法”。 8.【答案】a　 【解析】考查冠词。句意:如果她和一个陌生人说话,她一定要使自己的句子比和一个朋友说话时的长。stranger意为“陌生人”,为可数名词单数,此处应填不定冠词,表泛指(一个),stranger以辅音音素开头,故填a。 9.【答案】longer　 【解析】考查形容词比较级。由设空处后面的than可知,此处表示比较,应用形容词比较级longer。 10.【答案】properly　 【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处修饰动词use,应用副词properly作状语,意为“正确地,适当地”。 考点三 课文知识解析 1. equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的 [教材原句]　If I’m talking to a close friend，I can use short requests，like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 如果我是跟一位亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户”，这是因为我们关系亲密，彼此平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。 (1)be equal to...in...　　在……方面与……相等 be equal to sth/doing sth 等于……；与……相等；胜任做某事 (2)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 (3)equally adv. 相等地；同样地 [佳句背诵] Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.当你读故事的时候，有一个令人意外的结尾是再高兴不过的事了。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work. ②As far as I’m concerned, men and women must be treated equally(equal) in education. 2. demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问 [教材原句]　But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand...但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求…… (1)be in (great) demand　 (迫切)需求 (2)demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略) [佳句背诵] The volunteers will try their best to meet the demands of the audience.志愿者们会尽全力满足观众的要求。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①First, science graduates are in greater demand than art ones in China. ②My father came down and demanded to know (know) what was going on. 3. description n．描写(文字)；形容 [教材原句]　Does the writer give a clear description of the problem?作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题？ (1)beyond description　无法形容，难以描述 give a description of... 描写/描述…… (2)describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘 [佳句背诵] He gave us a short description of the city.他给我们简短地介绍了这个城市。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①It is difficult to describe(describe) how I feel now. [链接写作]　补全句子 ②The beautiful sight of Mount Huang is beyond description．黄山的美景是无法形容的。 4. relate vt.联系；讲述 [教材原句]　Does each sentence relate to the main idea？每个句子都与主旨有关吗？ (1)relate to　与……相关；涉及；谈到 (2)related adj. 有关的 be related to 与……有关 (3)relation n. 关系；联系 [佳句背诵] The position calls for related experience in the field and good skills at using computers.这个岗位需要该领域相关的经验和熟练使用电脑。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义/单句语法填空 ①We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.涉及 ②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.谈到 ③What he stressed was related(relate) to teenagers’ education. 5.The more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。 [句型公式]　“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……” (1)“the＋比较级(...), the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 (2)比较级＋比较级，意为“越来越……” ①The more he explained, the more confused I became.他越解释我就越迷惑。 ②The more careful you are，the fewer (few) mistakes you will make.你越仔细，就越少犯错误。 ③The girl is becoming more and more hard－working.这个女孩越来越努力了。 6. Don’t you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not？你不喜欢让别人告诉你这些短裤是否好看吗？ [句型公式]　have sb do sth意为：让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth　使某人/某物一直做某事 won’t/can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事；不允许某人做某事 have sth done 请别人做某事；使某事被做 have sth to do 有事情要做 ①We will have the gardener plant more flowers and trees.我们要让园丁种更多的花和树。 ②He had me waiting(wait) for him for two hours，which made me annoyed.他让我等了两个小时，让我很是气恼。 ③I won’t have you speaking(speak) to your father like that in future.今后我不许你再像那样跟你父亲讲话。 ④Jack needs to have his apartment repaired(repair)．杰克需要找人把他的公寓修理一下。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.I have high regard 　　　　　 environmental experts, because they have a positive effect on environmental protection.   2.Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides 　　　　　(equal) contact and share with one another.   3.Every time the boy was reminded by his mother of anything 　　　　　(relate) to school records, he turned impatient.  4.Franz Boas's 　　　　　(describe) of Inuit life in the 19th century illustrates(解释) the probable moral code of early humans.  5.In order to help you better understand the task, we have listed several examples for your 　　　　　(refer).   6.　　　　　 so many difficulties in front of her, she didn't lose heart.  7.Setting foot in the park, visitors will be taken back in time by the 　　　　　(character) scene settings(场景布置) and impressive theater performances.  8.He used 　　　　　(live) in a large city, but now he has got used to 　　　　　(live) in the quiet village.   9.There is a china bowl 　　　　　(date) back to the Song Dynasty in this museum.  10.The teacher demanded that the composition 　　　　　(write) only on one side of the exam paper.   1.【答案】for　 【解析】考查介词。have high regard for...意为“非常尊敬/敬佩……”。故填for。句意:我很尊敬环境专家,因为他们对环境保护有积极的影响。 2.【答案】equally　 【解析】考查副词。设空处修饰谓语,作状语,应用副词,故填equally。句意:长久友谊的共同特点是双方同样地彼此联系和互相分享。 3.【答案】related/relating　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:每次妈妈提醒这个男孩任何与学校记录有关的事情,他都会变得不耐烦。“　　　　　(relate) to school records”作后置定语,修饰前面的anything,所以设空处用非谓语动词。be related to...意为“与……有关”,所以设空处可用related作后置定语;relate to...意为“与……有关”,所以设空处也可用现在分词relating作后置定语。故填related或relating。  4.【答案】description　 【解析】考查名词。根据空前的名词所有格Franz Boas's和空后的介词of可知,设空处应填名词形式,结合后面第三人称单数形式的谓语illustrates可知,设空处为句子主语的中心词,且为单数或不可数名词形式。故填description。句意: Franz Boas对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则。 5.【答案】reference　 【解析】考查名词。根据空前的介词for 和形容词性物主代词your 可知应填名词reference。句意:为了帮助您更好地理解这项任务,我们列出了几个例子供您参考。 6.【答案】Despite　 【解析】考查介词。句意:尽管前面有这么多困难,但她没有气馁。由句意可知,设空处表示“尽管”,其后是名词短语,应用介词Despite(句首单词首字母大写)。 7.【答案】characteristic　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词短语scene settings,应用形容词形式,表示“独特的”,故填characteristic。句意:一踏入公园,游客们就会被独具特色的场景布置和令人印象深刻的戏剧表演带回到过去。 8.【答案】to live;living　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他过去生活在一个大城市里,但是现在他已经习惯了住在这个安静的村庄里。第一空表示“过去常常做某事,曾经做过某事”,用used to do sth.;第二空表示“习惯于做某事”,用get/be used to doing sth.。 9.【答案】dating　 【解析】考查现在分词。该句为there be句型,设空处位于主语a china bowl(瓷碗)后,提示词为动词,故判断此处应填非谓语动词。date back to与a china bowl之间为主动关系(a china bowl dates back to...),故此处需用现在分词dating构成现在分词短语作后置定语,表示“追溯到宋朝的瓷碗”。 10.【答案】be written　 【解析】考查demand的虚拟语气。“demand+that从句”意为“要求……”,that从句用虚拟语气,即谓语用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。设空处为从句谓语,应用动词原形。提示词write和从句主语composition之间为被动关系,所以应用被动语态,故填be written。句意:老师要求作文只能在试卷的一面书写。 二．完成句子 1.因此,我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观美术馆,我确信我能胜任这项工作。(equal) So I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the art gallery and I am sure that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.   2.我们很幸运地从一些高年级学生那里得到了关于如何增加我们的词汇量和缩小理想与现实之间的差距的建议。(疑问词+不定式) We are very lucky to have got advice from some seniors on 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 between ideals and reality.  3.你为某样东西等待的时间越久,当它最终到来时,你就会越珍惜它。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...) 　　　　 　　　　 you have to wait for something, 　　　　 　　　　 you will cherish it when it finally arrives. (读后续写—主旨升华)  4.他花两万元买的那幅书法作品现在值三万元了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句;pay) The calligraphy work 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 20,000 yuan is worth 30,000 yuan now.   【答案】1.I am equal to the job　2.how to increase our vocabulary;narrow the gap　3.The longer;the more 4.for which he paid 一．语法填空 A (2025云南玉溪一中月考) The marks carved on rocks 8,000 years ago are considered as the first examples of Chinese characters, Hanzi. Ancient Chinese people 　1　(record) what they saw in the world by drawing. Legend has it that Chinese characters are pictures 　2　 can be read. Westerners often say that Hanzi are pictographs(象形文字) that resemble physical objects. Meanwhile, some Hanzi are made up 　3　 symbols which represent sounds. 　4　(look) back on history, we can understand the life of people they mention with Hanzi. There are 3,500 Chinese 　5　(word) that are frequently used. A good grasp of these Hanzi is like reading an encyclopedia about China.   While on 　6　other side of the earth, Egyptian hieroglyphs(埃及象形文字), the carved symbols on the temple walls by ancient Egyptians, are recognized as the 　7　(old) Egyptian writing. The single symbol or combined symbols can give a 　8　(describe) of an important event in ancient Egypt. However, Egyptian hieroglyphs 　9　(strange) disappeared about 1,600 years ago, which confused the greatest minds in the Egyptian archaeology (考古学) for many centuries. Finally, the possibility of decoding (解码) hieroglyphs came about with the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799. After that, archaeologists were able to use their knowledge of Greek　10　(understand)the meaning of the hieroglyphic symbols gradually.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国汉字与埃及象形文字的起源、特点和发展,展现了两种古老文字的独特魅力与历史意义。 【高频词汇】　1.meanwhile adv.与此同时　2.represent vt.象征;代表　3.frequently adv.频繁地　4.combined adj.结合的;联合的　5.confuse vt.使糊涂;使迷惑 6.gradually adv.逐渐地;逐步地 1.【答案】recorded　 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:中国古代的人通过画画来记录他们在世界上看到的东西。设空处是主句的谓语,提示词record与主语Ancient Chinese people为主动关系,本句描述的是古代中国人的情况,为过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。故填recorded。 2.【答案】which/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。设空处无提示词,后面内容缺主语,且结合语境可知can be read的主语是前面的pictures,所以设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为pictures,故用关系代词which或that。句意:传说汉字是可以阅读的图片。 3.【答案】of　 【解析】考查介词。be made up of为固定短语,意为“由……组成”。故填of。句意:同时,一些汉字是由代表声音的符号组成的。 4.【答案】Looking　 【解析】考查现在分词。句意:回顾历史,我们可以了解人们用汉字提到的生活。本句中谓语是can understand,所以设空处应填非谓语动词,look back on意为“回顾”,与主句主语we为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Looking。 5.【答案】words　 【解析】考查名词复数。本句是there be句式,设空处作句子的主语,由空前的are和数词3,500可知,设空处用可数名词word的复数形式。故填words。 6.【答案】the　 【解析】考查冠词。句意:在地球的另一端,埃及象形文字,即古埃及人刻在寺庙墙壁上的符号,被公认为是最古老的埃及文字。on the other side of...意为“在……的另一边”。故填冠词the。 7.【答案】oldest 　【解析】考查形容词最高级。这里在介绍埃及象形文字,根据前面的“the carved symbols on the temple walls by ancient Egyptians”可知,这里强调这种文字的古老,结合空前的the可知这里指“最古老的文字”,故用最高级oldest。 8.【答案】description　 【解析】考查名词。句意:单个符号或组合符号可以描述古埃及的一个重要事件。根据空前的动词give和冠词a 可知,此处用名词形式,表示“描述”。故填description。 9.【答案】strangely　 【解析】考查副词。句意:然而,埃及象形文字大约在一千六百年前奇怪地消失了,这让最聪明的埃及考古学家困惑了好几个世纪。设空处修饰谓语动词disappeared,应用副词。故填strangely。 10.【答案】to understand　 【解析】考查不定式。句意:在那之后,考古学家就能够用他们希腊语的知识逐渐理解象形符号的含义。use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。故填不定式to understand。 B (2025福建泉州期中) Chinese characters are so 　1　(attract) that even many foreigners are crazy about them. Over the past thirty years, Richard Sears has been focusing on one thing: telling stories behind Chinese characters. His interest in the Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972 when he was 　2　 22-year-old physics major in the USA.  He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), which provides visitors with chances to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of 　3　(form) for free. Because of this well-received website, he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname(绰号) that 　4　(give) by Chinese netizens.   In September, Sears set up 　5　(he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government's plan to promote Chinese culture. 　6　(help) both Chinese and foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters, the studio concentrates on telling stories behind Chinese characters with the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos 　7　 English with Chinese subtitles (字幕) for Bilibili, a popular video website among young people. Watching the videos not only brings fun 　8　 makes people know more about Chinese characters, 　9　(leave) a deep impression on them.   With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government's support, people will 　10　(full) appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Richard Sears一直专注于讲述汉字背后的故事。 【高频词汇】　1.be crazy about热衷于　2.focus on集中精力于　3.promote vt.促进;提升;推动 4.concentrate on 集中精力于　5.with the aid of...在……的帮助下　6.impression n.印象　7.effort n.努力 1.【答案】attractive　 【解析】考查形容词。句意:汉字是如此吸引人,以至于甚至许多外国人都喜欢它们。设空处作表语,表示“吸引人的”,应用形容词attractive。 2.【答案】a　 【解析】考查冠词。设空处修饰名词短语22-year-old physics major,表示 “一个22岁的物理专业的学生”,表泛指,且22-year-old的发音以辅音音素开头(twenty-two),所以应用不定冠词a。 3.【答案】forms　 【解析】考查名词复数。设空处被短语a variety of修饰,表示“各种各样的……”,用名词复数形式。故填forms。句意:他于2002年建立了一个网站,并将其命名为“汉字字源”,该网站为访问者提供免费查看各种形式的汉字的发展的机会。 4.【答案】was given　 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处是定语从句中的谓语部分,定语从句的关系词that代替先行词nickname(单数)在从句中作主语,与提示词give之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态;根据主句谓语动词became以及上文built的时态并结合语境可知,该动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。故填was given。 5.【答案】his　 【解析】考查代词。设空处作定语,修饰名词studio,所以用形容词性物主代词。故填his。 6.【答案】To help　 【解析】考查不定式。句意:为了帮助中外学习者更好地理解汉字,工作室专注于借助技术讲述汉字背后的故事。设空处作目的状语,应用动词不定式,且位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填To help。 7.【答案】in　 【解析】考查介词。句意:他们已经为哔哩哔哩制作了六十多个带中文字幕的英文视频……。根据句意可知,这里表示“用英语”,应用介词in。 8.【答案】but　 【解析】考查连词。not only...but(also)...意为“不仅……还……”,在句中连接两个并列的谓语brings和makes,故填but。句意:观看视频不仅带来乐趣,还让人们更了解汉字,给他们留下深刻的印象。 9.【答案】leaving　 【解析】考查现在分词。本句中的brings和makes是并列谓语,所以设空处应填非谓语动词,结合语境可知,这里表示前面内容自然产生的结果(观看视频带来乐趣,并让人们更了解汉字,从而给他们留下深刻的印象),故用现在分词形式。故填leaving。 10.【答案】fully　 【解析】考查副词。设空处修饰动词appreciate,作状语,应用副词形式。故填fully。 二．阅读理解 A (2025重庆期中) There are nearly 7,000 languages actively being spoken in the world today, although only about three percent of them have more than a million speakers each. People in many different countries see the value of learning a foreign language to improve their international business relations. Because of this, the number of people who speak certain languages will continue to rise. There are some languages that currently dominate the globe. With more than 1.4 billion people living in China today, it is no surprise that Chinese is the most commonly spoken language. Due to the size of China's area and population, the country is able to sustain many unique and interesting languages. Speaking of languages, the term “Chinese” contains at least 10 dialects spoken in the country and elsewhere. While Spanish is not a commonly heard language in most parts of Africa, Asia, and the majority of Europe, that hasn't stopped it from becoming the third most commonly spoken language. The spread of the Spanish language is rooted in colonization (殖民). English too, was a colonial language: British colonial efforts began in the 15th century and lasted until the early 20th century, the colonial range including places as far-flung as North America, India, Pakistan, Africa, and Australia. After World War Ⅱ, the United States led the world in both technological and medical innovation. Because of this, it was considered beneficial for students pursuing their work in the fields to learn English. English is also a useful language for travelers to learn because it is spoken in so many parts of the globe. Since the popularity of social media, the development of a global language network can be mapped using Facebook, YouTube and so on. These social networks are only available to elites, people with access to both traditional and new media. Statistics from these social networks show that while English is definitely the center in the global language network, other intermediate(中级的) centers used by elites to communicate business and science information include German, French, and Spanish. Currently, languages such as Chinese, Arabic, and Hindi are to some extent more popular than German or French, and it is likely that the usage of those languages will grow in traditional and new media. 1.What does the underlined word “dominate” mean? A.Rule.　　 B.Follow.　　 C.Improve.　　 D.Weaken. 2.Which of the following does not lead to the widespread use of Chinese? A.The large population of China.　　 B.The various dialects of Chinese. C.The geographical size of China.　　 D.Its influence on global colonization. 3.Why do many people choose to learn English as a foreign language? A.It promotes national tourism.　　 B.It is helpful for them to seek jobs. C.It is mainly used in local business.　　 D.It allows them to become online influencers. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.English will become less central in the future. B.Social media is equally accessible to all people. C.Hindi grows more important than Spanish in business. D.Language usage is changing due to social media. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕全球语言的使用情况,阐述了世界上语言的多样性,重点介绍了汉语、西班牙语和英语被广泛使用的原因,还提到社交媒体对全球语言网络发展的影响以及语言使用的变化趋势。 【高频词汇】　1.sustain vt.维持;保持　2.unique adj.独特的　3.contain vt.包含;含有;容纳　4.be rooted in根源在于　5.beneficial adj.有利的　6.pursue v.追求;致力于　7.available adj.可获得的;可利用的　8.statistics n.统计数据　9.definitely adv.当然;确切地 【差距词汇】　1.far-flung adj.遥远的;分布广的,广泛的 2.innovation n.创新;改革　3.elite n.精英 1.【答案】A　 【解析】词义猜测题。画线词前面讲到,许多国家的人都意识到学习一门外语的价值,所以说某些语言的人数将会持续增加。下文列举了汉语、西班牙语、英语这三种在全球被广泛使用的语言,说明这些语言在全球语言使用中占据重要地位,故画线词dominate应是 “控制,支配”之意,与A项意思相近。故选A。 2.【答案】D　 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二、三句可知,中国庞大的人口数量和辽阔的地域是汉语被广泛使用的原因;汉语包含至少十种方言,这也是汉语被广泛使用的一个原因。但文中并未提到汉语在全球殖民中的影响,所以D项 “它在全球殖民中的影响”不是汉语被广泛使用的原因。故选D。 3.【答案】B　 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二、三句可知,由于美国在技术和医学创新方面的领先地位,学习英语对在这些领域找工作的学生来说是有益的。所以很多人选择把英语作为一门外语来学习是为了找工作。故选B。 4.【答案】D　 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知,这些社交网络的统计数据表明,尽管英语无疑是全球语言网络的中心,但精英们用于交流商业和科学信息的其他中级中心语言包括德语、法语和西班牙语。目前,汉语、阿拉伯语和印地语等语言在某种程度上比德语或法语更为流行,这些语言在传统媒体和新媒体中的使用可能会增长。由此可推测,随着社交媒体的流行,语言使用正在发生变化。故选D。 B (2025河南南阳一中月考) I'm often asked how to study English effectively. From my point of view, this means getting the most out of your study time, and that means variety. 　1　.  Study Every Day It's important to study English every day. However, don't exaggerate(夸张)! 　2　. This habit of studying English every day will help keep English fresh in your brain.  A Little Grammar, a Little Listening, a Little Reading, and a Little Writing 　3　. Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, and then read an article on the same topic. Don't do too much—twenty minutes on three different types of exercises is plenty!  Review Grammar as You Watch or Read Give yourself one grammar goal no matter when you read a new article or watch a new video. For example, try to write down each example of a form you are studying such as the present tense. Use colored pens to highlight forms that you are studying. 　4　  You can practice the exercises together, have conversations together (in English), and, as you study English together, help each other with exercises you may not understand. Use Various Learning Methods Don't just use one way to study English. Use many kinds of methods which will make all the parts of your brain help you. For example, if you are learning new vocabulary, you can create a word map, describe a picture, make a list... 　5　.  A.Forget Grammar B.Find Some Friends C.All of these means together help with your learning D.Here are some basic ways to help you as you study English E.Here are some ways to help you make good use of your study time F.Study for thirty minutes every day instead of two hours once a week G.Make sure that you study a number of areas rather than focusing on just one 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何有效地学习英语。 【高频词汇】　1.effectively adv.有效地　2.highlight v.突出;强调;使醒目　3.make good use of充分利用 4.rather than而不是 1.【答案】D　 【解析】过渡句。上文提到作者经常被问及如何有效学习英语,下文介绍了一些学习英语的建议,由此可知,设空处应承上启下,引出下文的建议。分析选项可知,D项“这里是一些在你学习英语时帮助你的基本方法”符合逻辑。故选D。 2.【答案】F　 【解析】细节句。上文提到每天学习英语很重要。然而,不要夸张!F项 “每天学习三十分钟,而不是每周学习一次,每次两个小时”补充说明上文提到的“每天学习英语很重要”,同时照应下文的“studying English every day”。故选F。 3.【答案】G　 【解析】细节句。根据本段小标题以及空后句涉及的多方面的学习内容(语法、听、读、写)可知,设空处应说明学习时应涉及多个方面,不能仅局限于某一个方面。所以G项 “确保你学习多个领域,而不是只关注一个”符合语境。故选G。 4.【答案】B　 【解析】主旨句。下文讲到,你们可以一起做练习题,一起(用英语)交谈,而且在你们一起学习英语的时候,还可以在那些你们可能不理解的练习题上互相帮助。由此可知,B项“找一些朋友”符合语境。故选B。 5.【答案】C　 【解析】细节句。上文讲到不要只用一种方法学习英语,要使用多种方法,并举了学习新词汇的例子。设空处为段尾句,结合选项可知,C项“所有这些方法结合在一起有助于你的学习”是对上文内容的总结,符合逻辑。故选C。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 必修第一册 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文讲解 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文解读 课文对译解读1 课文重点词汇 课文结构 课文对译解读2 考点二 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课文知识解析 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 课文解读 课文对译解读1 Reading and Thinking 原文呈现 Explore the Chinese writing system​① 1.Look at the title and picture below. Predict what the text will be about.（what引导的宾语从句） 【答案】The text may be about the Chinese writing system and its history from ancient times to the present day. 2.Read the text quickly to find the main idea of each paragraph. THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND② THE PRESENT China is widely known for（［对比］be known as...作为……而闻名；被称作……） its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through③into modern times, despite④ the many ups and downs⑤ in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible（关系副词why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，why在从句中作原因状语。）, but one of the main factors⑥ has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language⑦ . It dates back⑧ several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones⑨and shells⑩ on which symbols​⑪were carved⑫ by ancient Chinese people（"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词animal bones and shells。）. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty⑬（around 1600 - 1046 BCE）, these symbols had become （"By+过去时间"常与过去完成时had done连用）a well-developed⑭ writing system. Over the years⑮, the system developed into⑯ different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically⑰ , leading to many varieties⑱ of dialects⑲ and characters⑳ .【1】 This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty （221-207 BCE）. Emperor Qinshihuang united㉑ the seven major㉒ states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction㉓ （where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词one unified country，where在从句中作地点状语。）. That writing system was of great importance㉔ （"of+抽象名词"结构作表语）in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak （"no matter +特殊疑问词"引导的让步状语从句，what前省略了no matter。） , they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means㉕ by which China’s present is connected with its past（"介词by+which"引导的定语从句,修饰先行词an important means。）. People in modern times can read the classic works㉖ which were written by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for㉗ the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy㉘ , which has become an important part of Chinese culture.【2】 Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in㉙ global affairs（As意为"随着"，引导时间状语从句。）㉚, an increasing number of㉛ international students are beginning to appreciate㉜ China’s culture and history through this amazing language（介词短语作方式状语）. 汉字书写体系：连接过去与现在 尽管历史跌宕起伏，中国因其古代文明一直延续至今而闻名于世。其存续的原因颇多，但主要因素之一是汉字的书写体系。 汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——古代中国人在这些动物骨头和壳上面刻画符号。这些古代符号中的一些在今天的汉字中仍可看到。到商朝（约公元前1600年—前1046年） 时，这些符号已经演变成一套成熟的书写体系。在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，导致了不同方言和汉字变体的产生。然而，这在秦朝（公元前221年—前207年）秦始皇统治时期发生了变化。 秦始皇统一七个主要的诸侯国，建立了统一的国家，中国的书写体系在这个国家开始朝同一个方向发展。该书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。 汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。现代中国人可以阅读古代中国人撰写的经典作品。中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——中国书法。中国书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 今天，汉字书写体系仍是中国文化的一个重要部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过中文这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 课文重点词汇1 ①Chinese writing system 汉字书写体系 system /ˈsɪstəm/ n.［C］体系；制度；系统 ②connect...and/to/with... 连接……和…… ③all the way through 一直, 自始至终 ④despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ prep. 即使；尽管（=in spite of） 详见P245 ⑤ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 ⑥the main factor主要因素 factor /ˈfæktə（r）/ n.［C］因素；要素 ⑦a picture-based language基于图形的语言 构词法 picture-based是"名词+动词-ed"构成的复合形容词。动词-ed与被修饰的名词 是动宾关系。类似的词还有man-made（人造的）、handmade（手工制作的）等。 base /beɪs/ vt. 以……为据点；以……为基础 n.［C］底部；根据 详见P246 ⑧date back （to...） 追溯到 详见P246 ⑨bone /bəʊn/ n.［C］骨头;［U］骨质 ⑩shell /ʃel/ n.［C，U］ 壳；［C］壳状物 ⑪symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n.［C］符号；象征 搭配 a/the symbol of… ……的象征 Almost in the whole world, the dove is considered as the symbol of peace.几乎全世界都把鸽子看作是和平的象征。 词链 symbol（n.）—symbolize（ vt.象征，代表）—symbolic（adj.象征性的） ⑫carve /kɑ:v/ vt. & vi.雕刻 ⑬the Shang Dynasty商朝 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.［C］ 王朝；朝代 ⑭well-developed adj. 完善的；发展良好的 ⑮over the years 多年以来；这些年来 ⑯develop into. .... （into表示最终成为的状态）发展成…… ⑰geographically /ˌdʒi:əˈgræfɪkli/ adv. 在地理上地 派生构词 geography（n.地理）+-ical（形容词后缀）+-ly（副词后缀）→geographically（adv.） ⑱variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n.［C］ （植物、语言等的）变体 ⑲dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ n.［C,U］ 地方话；方言 ⑳character /ˈkærəktə（r）/ n.［C］文字,符号 ㉑unite /juˈnaɪt/ vt.& vi. 统一；vi.联合，团结 构词法 unite是由词根-un-/-uni-（表示"单一，一个"）+后缀-ite（"促成……"）构成 的单词。含有该词根的词还有unify（vt.使成一体）、unique（adj.唯一的）等。 ㉒major /ˈmeɪdʒə（r）/ adj. 主要的；重要的；大的 ㉓in （表示"朝着"）one direction 朝着一个方向 in all directions朝着各个方向 ㉔be of great importance（=be very important）非常重要 语用 "of + 抽象名词"相当于该名词的形容词形式。 ㉕means /mi:nz/ n.［C］ 方式；方法；途径（pl. means） by means of...借助……手段，依靠……方法 ㉖classic works 经典作品 classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.［C］ 经典作品；名著 ㉗high regard for... 对……十分尊敬/非常重视 regard /rɪˈɡɑ:d/ n.［U］ 尊重；关注 ㉘Chinese calligraphy中国书法 calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n.［U］ 书法；书法艺术 ㉙play a（n） ... role in... 在……中扮演……角色 （role可换为part） ㉚global affairs 全球事务 global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的 affair /əˈfeə（r）/ n.［pl.］ 公共事务；［C,usually sing.］事件 ㉛an 动词-ing形式作定语，修饰number。increasing number of...越来越多的…… ㉜appreciate /əˈpri:ʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏；重视 课文语篇结构 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 China is 　1　(wide) known for its ancient civilisation, which has continued all the way until now. One of the main 　2　(factor) of this is the Chinese writing system.  Several thousand years ago, written Chinese was based 　3　 pictures. Ancient Chinese people carved symbols on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols 　4　(become) a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as people lived in different places, 　5　(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. The writing system played 　6　 important part in uniting the Chinese people and culture.   Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with 　7　(it) past. People in modern times can read the classic works 　8　(write) by Chinese in ancient times.   As China plays a greater role in 　9　(globe) affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to learn Chinese 　10　 appreciate China's culture and history.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   考点二 课文知识解析 1. based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 [教材原句]　At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture－based language.汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。 (1)base vt.　以……为据点；以……为基础n. 底部；根据 base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon... 以……为基础 (2)basic adj. 基础的；基本的 [佳句背诵] One should always base his opinion on facts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①The film is very popular because it is based a real person. ②They have to have a (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology. 2. variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化 [教材原句]　Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. 在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。 a variety of/varieties of　各种各样的 various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 [佳句背诵] As our new stadium is equipped with modern facilities, we can organize a variety of activities in it. 因为我们学校新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，因此我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①There are (variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words. ②It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for (vary) reasons. [名师点津]　a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修；专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生 [教材原句]　Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。 major in　主修…… majority n. 大部分；大多数 the majority of 大多数…… [佳句背诵] As far as I know，Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University.据我所知，玛丽正在斯坦福大学专攻法语。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义 ①I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. ②Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. ③The volunteer was a native of Beijing and majored in history at college. ④Her major is French while mine is engineering. 4. means n．方法；方式；途径 [教材原句]Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。 by this means　　　通过这种方法 by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法 by no means 绝不；无论如何也不；一点都不 (置于句首时，句子要部分倒装) [佳句背诵] By no means will I give in to the challenge.我绝不向挑战低头。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①Only this means is it possible to persuade him out of smoking. ②Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down. [名师点津]　means用作“方式；方法”时，单复数同形。 5. regard n．尊重；关注；问候；致意 vt.把……视为；看待 [教材原句]The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form，known as Chinese calligraphy，which has become an important part of Chinese culture. 中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。 [佳句背诵] I know you show great interest in ping－pong, which is regarded as the National Ball of China.我知道你对乒乓球很感兴趣，它被认为是中国的国球。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义 ①Mike had high regard for his old law professor. ②Please give my best regards to your parents. ③Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring people in the world. ④The teenager has no regard for other people’s feelings. 6. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值 [教材原句]　As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language. 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 (1)appreciate doing sth　　喜欢/感激做某事 I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激 (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 [佳句背诵] Chinese calligraphy has been appreciated by a lot of people outside China.中国书法已经被许多国外人士欣赏。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义/单句语法填空 ①Many people can’t fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise. ②I appreciate being given the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. ③His talents aren’t appreciated by his boss，which made him annoyed. ④Their investments have appreciated over the years. 7. date back to(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点) [教材原句]　It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期…… [佳句背诵] As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple (date) back to the Tang Dynasty. ②The skills of cooking in China can date thousands of years. [名师点津]　date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式。 8.Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。 [句型公式]　It was a time when...这/那是一个……的时期 There was a time when...曾有一段时间…… ① China experienced very big transformations.那是一个中国经历了很大变化的时代。 ② I didn’t get along well with my classmates.有一段时间我和同学们相处得不好。 9. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。 [句型公式]　“be of＋抽象名词”结构 be of great＝be very ①The Nobel Prize to Chinese medicine.这项诺贝尔奖对中国的医学很重要。 ②His opinion is considered to be great value.他的意见被认为很有价值。 10. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写(汉字)进行交流。 [句型公式]　No matter how/what/when...，引导让步状语从句。 在让步状语从句中，No matter how/what/when/who/whom/where... 可以转换成however/whatever/whenever/whoever/whomever/wherever... ① I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese.不管我身在何方，我都会记住自己是一个中国人。 ②No matter difficult it is，I’m going to finish the work ahead of time.无论有多难，我打算提前完成工作。 ③No matter you are, you must obey the law.不论你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.This website is visited by 　　　　　(billion) of people every year.   2.Although he has suffered a lot, he has a positive attitude 　　　　　 his future life.  3.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the 　　　　　(globe) black rhino(犀牛) population has dropped as low as 5500.  4.Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is 　　　　　 great importance, and the industry is playing its part.  5.I have always admired my mom's professional skills and referred 　　　　　 her as my role model.  6.She said that she was happy when she saw people online regarding her 　　　　　 the pride of the country.   7.When you recognize and understand your shyness, and then act 　　　　　(base) on that self-awareness(自我意识), it can also lead you everywhere to success.   8.When it comes to the Art Festival, our school held a 　　　　　 of activities, 　　　　　 from talent shows to speech contests, with the purpose of improving students' 　　　　　 abilities. (vary)   9.The survey shows that the 　　　　　 of senior high students look forward to 　　　　　 in engineering, thinking engineering 　　　　　 will find a well-paid job more easily after graduation. (major)   10.Moreover, having a system in the same building 　　　　　 it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil(土壤) to salad.  二．选词填空(其中有一项多余) refer to;date back to;lead to;play a great role in;ups and downs 　　The old temple in my hometown 1.　　　　　　 600 years ago and went through 2.　　　　　　 in history. When people here 3.　　　　　　 it, they think that it 4.　　　　　　 cultural activities—every year, many kinds of activities are held in this temple.   三．完成句子 1.如果你能给我一些关于如何提升我的英语口语的建议,我将不胜感激。(appreciate) 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 you could give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English.   2.We can by no means damage our cultural relics in order to develop the economy.(句式升级,倒装句) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 damage our cultural relics in order to develop the economy.   3.无论几点,妈妈总是站在门口,盼着我回家。(一句多译) ①　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, Mom always stands at the door, expecting me to come home.  ②　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　, Mom always stands at the door, expecting me to come home. (读后续写—场景描写)  课文对译解读2 Reading for Writing 原文呈现 Write a blog①about English study 1.Read these posts from an online forum② for Chinese students who are learning English and fill in the table on page 67. Learning English login sign up Wang Le Hey,everybody,what are your biggest problems with③learning English? Liu Wen Hi! I’ve been studying（现在完成进行时，表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作。） English since primary school. I used to④ get high marks in⑤ English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with⑥ my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video I can catch⑦ only a few words.（见文末的"图解秒懂"）, I can never quite get the main idea Any advice? （［口语表达］never quite get sth.指说话人往往能听懂部分词句，但不敢保证完全听明白了。）. ［文体赏析］网络留言是非正式文体，作者在这里使用了口语中常见的省略句形式， 其完整形式是"Have you got any advice？"或"Do you have any advice？"。 Listening to English radio programmes（动词-ing短语作主语） helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk（how引导的从句作介词to的宾语）. I also repeat what I hear（what引导的宾语从句，作repeat的宾语。） to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record⑧ my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with⑨ the radio host’s! My biggest headache⑩ is how to be polite in English（"疑问词+动词不定式"结构作表语 ）. It’s so much easier to just say "Open the window!", but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to say（"whether+动词不定式"结构作decide的宾语）,"Open the window, please!" or "Could you open the window, please?"or even longer "Would you mind opening the window, please?" Li Rui Yeah, that’s really hard!I think it all depends on who you’re talking to. If I’m talking to a close friend⑪ ,I can use short requests, like "Open the window"—our relationship⑫ is close and we’re equals⑬ , so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between⑭ us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer. （"make+宾语+宾补"结构，宾补由形容词longer充当。） —and I must make it a question（"make+宾语+宾补"结构，宾补由名词词组a question充当。）, not a demand⑮ ,e.g.,"Could you open the window, please?" If I’m talking to someone senior to me（形容词短语作后置定语）, then I should say, "Would you mind opening the window, please?" For me, vocabulary⑯ is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words!I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head⑰ , and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly⑱ . HELP! 学习英语 登录 注册 王乐 嗨，大家好，你们在英语学习中遇到的最大问题是什么呢？ 刘文 嗨！我从小学开始就一直在学英语。我以前英语常常拿高分，但是现在我在听力上遇到了很大的麻烦。我听视频里的母语是英语的人交谈的时候，只能听懂几个单词。我从来就没能完全搞懂过大意。有什么建议吗？ 贾鑫 收听英语广播节目帮助我习惯母语人士的语速。我还会复述我所听到的内容来帮我自己培养语感。有时我甚至还给自己录音，那样一来，我可以听自己的发音，并把我的发音与广播主持人的进行比较！我最头疼的事是如何用英语得体地表达。只说"打开窗户！"容易得多，但在英语里那可能听起来令人很不快。我必须考虑自己在和谁说话，然后决定是说"请打开窗户！"，还是说"请你打开窗户，好吗？"，还是说甚至更长的"请问,您介意打开窗户吗？" 李锐 是的，那真的很难！我觉得一切都取决于你在跟谁说话。如果在和亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，比如"开下窗户"——我们关系密切，彼此平等， 因此我只需说几个字，就能让对方明白我的意思。但如果是在和与自己不太亲密的人说话，我就必须把我的请求说得更长些——而且我必须以问问题的形式说，不能用要求的口气，比如"请问，你能开下窗户吗？"。如果是在和比我年长的人说话，那么我就应该说"请问，您介意开下窗户吗？"。对我来说，词汇是最大的问题——生词太多了！我无法一下子在脑子里记住所有的生词，也肯定记不住如何恰当地使用它们。求帮忙！ 课文重点词汇2 ①blog /blɒɡ/ n.［C］ 博客；网络日志 blog post 博文，博客帖子 blogger n.［C］博客作者，博主 ②an online forum /ˈfɔ:rəm/ 网上论坛 ③problems with...……方面的问题 have problems with sth. 在某方面有问题 have problems （in） doing sth. 做某事有问题 ④used to do sth.过去常常做某事 辨析 be/get used to （doing） sth. 习惯于（做）某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 ⑤get high marks in... 在……上得分高 ⑥have trouble with sth. 在某方面有困难 ⑦catch vt. 熟词生义 听清楚，领会 ⑧ 一词多义 ⑨compare A with B 把A与B相比 拓展 compare A to B 把A比作B ⑩headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n.［C］ 熟词生义 令人头痛的人（或事物），麻烦 ⑪a close friend 亲密的朋友 ⑫relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n.［C］（人、团体、国家之间的） 关系，联系 派生构词 relation（n. 关系，联系）+-ship（名词后缀） relationship（n.） ⑬equal /ˈi:kwəl/ n.［C］ 同等的人，相等物 ⑭bridge the gap （between A and B） 消除（A和B之间的）隔阂 bridge 熟词生义 vt. 弥合（差异），消除（分歧） gap /ɡæp/ n. ［C］间隔；开口；差距 Sometimes it is really hard to bridge the generation gap.有时候要消除代沟确实困难。 ⑮demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/ n.［C］ 要求 ⑯ vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/n.［C，U］ 词汇 ⑰keep sth. straight in one’s head某人一下子将……记在脑子 ⑱properly /ˈprɒpəli/ adv.正确地，适当地；恰当地 派生构词 proper（adj.正确的，恰当的）+-ly（副词后缀）→properly （adv.） 【即学即练】 课文语法填空 Many people find it difficult 　1　(learn) English. Several Chinese students 　2　 learn English are discussing their biggest problems on an online forum. Liu Wen used to learn English well, 　3　 now he has a lot of trouble with his listening. When listening to native English speakers talking in a video, he can catch only a few 　4　(word) and he can't get the main idea. Jia Xin thinks 　5　(listen) to English radio programmes can help him get used to how fast native speakers talk. He also repeats what he hears. Sometimes he even records his voice and compares his pronunciation 　6　 the radio host's. His biggest problem is how to be polite in English. Li Rui has 　7　(she) own opinion about Jia Xin's problem. She thinks the way she speaks depends on who she is speaking to. If she speaks to 　8　 stranger, she must make her sentence 　9　(long) than to a friend. The biggest problem Li Rui is faced with is vocabulary. She can't keep all the new vocabulary straight in her head and she can't remember how to use them 　10　(proper), either.   1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   考点三 课文知识解析 1. equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的 [教材原句]　If I’m talking to a close friend，I can use short requests，like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. 如果我是跟一位亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户”，这是因为我们关系亲密，彼此平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。 (1)be equal to...in...　　在……方面与……相等 be equal to sth/doing sth 等于……；与……相等；胜任做某事 (2)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 (3)equally adv. 相等地；同样地 [佳句背诵] Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.当你读故事的时候，有一个令人意外的结尾是再高兴不过的事了。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①I don’t think he is equal to (do) this kind of work. ②As far as I’m concerned, men and women must be treated (equal) in education. 2. demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问 [教材原句]　But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand...但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求…… (1)be in (great) demand　 (迫切)需求 (2)demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略) [佳句背诵] The volunteers will try their best to meet the demands of the audience.志愿者们会尽全力满足观众的要求。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①First, science graduates are greater demand than art ones in China. ②My father came down and demanded (know) what was going on. 3. description n．描写(文字)；形容 [教材原句]　Does the writer give a clear description of the problem?作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题？ (1)beyond description　无法形容，难以描述 give a description of... 描写/描述…… (2)describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘 [佳句背诵] He gave us a short description of the city.他给我们简短地介绍了这个城市。 [活学巧用]　单句语法填空 ①It is difficult (describe) how I feel now. [链接写作]　补全句子 ②The beautiful sight of Mount Huang ．黄山的美景是无法形容的。 4. relate vt.联系；讲述 [教材原句]　Does each sentence relate to the main idea？每个句子都与主旨有关吗？ (1)relate to　与……相关；涉及；谈到 (2)related adj. 有关的 be related to 与……有关 (3)relation n. 关系；联系 [佳句背诵] The position calls for related experience in the field and good skills at using computers.这个岗位需要该领域相关的经验和熟练使用电脑。 [活学巧用]　语境辨义/单句语法填空 ①We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case. ②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland. ③What he stressed was (relate) to teenagers’ education. 5.The more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。 [句型公式]　“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……” (1)“the＋比较级(...), the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。 (2)比较级＋比较级，意为“越来越……” ① he explained, confused I became.他越解释我就越迷惑。 ②The more careful you are，the (few) mistakes you will make.你越仔细，就越少犯错误。 ③The girl is becoming hard－working.这个女孩越来越努力了。 6. Don’t you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not？你不喜欢让别人告诉你这些短裤是否好看吗？ [句型公式]　have sb do sth意为：让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing sth　使某人/某物一直做某事 won’t/can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事；不允许某人做某事 have sth done 请别人做某事；使某事被做 have sth to do 有事情要做 ①We will more flowers and trees.我们要让园丁种更多的花和树。 ②He had me (wait) for him for two hours，which made me annoyed.他让我等了两个小时，让我很是气恼。 ③I won’t have you (speak) to your father like that in future.今后我不许你再像那样跟你父亲讲话。 ④Jack needs to have his apartment (repair)．杰克需要找人把他的公寓修理一下。 【即学即练】 一．单句语法填空 1.I have high regard 　　　　　 environmental experts, because they have a positive effect on environmental protection.   2.Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides 　　　　　(equal) contact and share with one another.   3.Every time the boy was reminded by his mother of anything 　　　　　(relate) to school records, he turned impatient.  4.Franz Boas's 　　　　　(describe) of Inuit life in the 19th century illustrates(解释) the probable moral code of early humans.  5.In order to help you better understand the task, we have listed several examples for your 　　　　　(refer).   6.　　　　　 so many difficulties in front of her, she didn't lose heart.  7.Setting foot in the park, visitors will be taken back in time by the 　　　　　(character) scene settings(场景布置) and impressive theater performances.  8.He used 　　　　　(live) in a large city, but now he has got used to 　　　　　(live) in the quiet village.   9.There is a china bowl 　　　　　(date) back to the Song Dynasty in this museum.  10.The teacher demanded that the composition 　　　　　(write) only on one side of the exam paper.   二．完成句子 1.因此,我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观美术馆,我确信我能胜任这项工作。(equal) So I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the art gallery and I am sure that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　.   2.我们很幸运地从一些高年级学生那里得到了关于如何增加我们的词汇量和缩小理想与现实之间的差距的建议。(疑问词+不定式) We are very lucky to have got advice from some seniors on 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 and 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 between ideals and reality.  3.你为某样东西等待的时间越久,当它最终到来时,你就会越珍惜它。(the+比较级...,the+比较级...) 　　　　 　　　　 you have to wait for something, 　　　　 　　　　 you will cherish it when it finally arrives. (读后续写—主旨升华)  4.他花两万元买的那幅书法作品现在值三万元了。(“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句;pay) The calligraphy work 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 20,000 yuan is worth 30,000 yuan now.   一．语法填空 A (2025云南玉溪一中月考) The marks carved on rocks 8,000 years ago are considered as the first examples of Chinese characters, Hanzi. Ancient Chinese people 　1　(record) what they saw in the world by drawing. Legend has it that Chinese characters are pictures 　2　 can be read. Westerners often say that Hanzi are pictographs(象形文字) that resemble physical objects. Meanwhile, some Hanzi are made up 　3　 symbols which represent sounds. 　4　(look) back on history, we can understand the life of people they mention with Hanzi. There are 3,500 Chinese 　5　(word) that are frequently used. A good grasp of these Hanzi is like reading an encyclopedia about China.   While on 　6　other side of the earth, Egyptian hieroglyphs(埃及象形文字), the carved symbols on the temple walls by ancient Egyptians, are recognized as the 　7　(old) Egyptian writing. The single symbol or combined symbols can give a 　8　(describe) of an important event in ancient Egypt. However, Egyptian hieroglyphs 　9　(strange) disappeared about 1,600 years ago, which confused the greatest minds in the Egyptian archaeology (考古学) for many centuries. Finally, the possibility of decoding (解码) hieroglyphs came about with the discovery of the Rosetta Stone in 1799. After that, archaeologists were able to use their knowledge of Greek　10　(understand)the meaning of the hieroglyphic symbols gradually.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   B (2025福建泉州期中) Chinese characters are so 　1　(attract) that even many foreigners are crazy about them. Over the past thirty years, Richard Sears has been focusing on one thing: telling stories behind Chinese characters. His interest in the Chinese language and characters dates back to 1972 when he was 　2　 22-year-old physics major in the USA.  He built a website in 2002 and named it Chinese Etymology(词源), which provides visitors with chances to check the development of Chinese characters in a variety of 　3　(form) for free. Because of this well-received website, he became Uncle Hanzi, a nickname(绰号) that 　4　(give) by Chinese netizens.   In September, Sears set up 　5　(he) studio in Nanjing as part of the local government's plan to promote Chinese culture. 　6　(help) both Chinese and foreign learners have a better understanding of Chinese characters, the studio concentrates on telling stories behind Chinese characters with the aid of technology. They have made over 60 videos 　7　 English with Chinese subtitles (字幕) for Bilibili, a popular video website among young people. Watching the videos not only brings fun 　8　 makes people know more about Chinese characters, 　9　(leave) a deep impression on them.   With the tireless efforts of people like Richard Sears and the government's support, people will 　10　(full) appreciate the beauty of Chinese characters.  1.　　　　　　2.　　　　　　3.　　　　　　4.　　　　　　5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　　7.　　　　　　8.　　　　　　9.　　　　　　10.　　　　　   二．阅读理解 A (2025重庆期中) There are nearly 7,000 languages actively being spoken in the world today, although only about three percent of them have more than a million speakers each. People in many different countries see the value of learning a foreign language to improve their international business relations. Because of this, the number of people who speak certain languages will continue to rise. There are some languages that currently dominate the globe. With more than 1.4 billion people living in China today, it is no surprise that Chinese is the most commonly spoken language. Due to the size of China's area and population, the country is able to sustain many unique and interesting languages. Speaking of languages, the term “Chinese” contains at least 10 dialects spoken in the country and elsewhere. While Spanish is not a commonly heard language in most parts of Africa, Asia, and the majority of Europe, that hasn't stopped it from becoming the third most commonly spoken language. The spread of the Spanish language is rooted in colonization (殖民). English too, was a colonial language: British colonial efforts began in the 15th century and lasted until the early 20th century, the colonial range including places as far-flung as North America, India, Pakistan, Africa, and Australia. After World War Ⅱ, the United States led the world in both technological and medical innovation. Because of this, it was considered beneficial for students pursuing their work in the fields to learn English. English is also a useful language for travelers to learn because it is spoken in so many parts of the globe. Since the popularity of social media, the development of a global language network can be mapped using Facebook, YouTube and so on. These social networks are only available to elites, people with access to both traditional and new media. Statistics from these social networks show that while English is definitely the center in the global language network, other intermediate(中级的) centers used by elites to communicate business and science information include German, French, and Spanish. Currently, languages such as Chinese, Arabic, and Hindi are to some extent more popular than German or French, and it is likely that the usage of those languages will grow in traditional and new media. 1.What does the underlined word “dominate” mean? A.Rule.　　 B.Follow.　　 C.Improve.　　 D.Weaken. 2.Which of the following does not lead to the widespread use of Chinese? A.The large population of China.　　 B.The various dialects of Chinese. C.The geographical size of China.　　 D.Its influence on global colonization. 3.Why do many people choose to learn English as a foreign language? A.It promotes national tourism.　　 B.It is helpful for them to seek jobs. C.It is mainly used in local business.　　 D.It allows them to become online influencers. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.English will become less central in the future. B.Social media is equally accessible to all people. C.Hindi grows more important than Spanish in business. D.Language usage is changing due to social media. B (2025河南南阳一中月考) I'm often asked how to study English effectively. From my point of view, this means getting the most out of your study time, and that means variety. 　1　.  Study Every Day It's important to study English every day. However, don't exaggerate(夸张)! 　2　. This habit of studying English every day will help keep English fresh in your brain.  A Little Grammar, a Little Listening, a Little Reading, and a Little Writing 　3　. Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, and then read an article on the same topic. Don't do too much—twenty minutes on three different types of exercises is plenty!  Review Grammar as You Watch or Read Give yourself one grammar goal no matter when you read a new article or watch a new video. For example, try to write down each example of a form you are studying such as the present tense. Use colored pens to highlight forms that you are studying. 　4　  You can practice the exercises together, have conversations together (in English), and, as you study English together, help each other with exercises you may not understand. Use Various Learning Methods Don't just use one way to study English. Use many kinds of methods which will make all the parts of your brain help you. For example, if you are learning new vocabulary, you can create a word map, describe a picture, make a list... 　5　.  A.Forget Grammar B.Find Some Friends C.All of these means together help with your learning D.Here are some basic ways to help you as you study English E.Here are some ways to help you make good use of your study time F.Study for thirty minutes every day instead of two hours once a week G.Make sure that you study a number of areas rather than focusing on just one 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　  2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $