2027届高中英语一轮复习 非谓语动词 讲义

该高中英语讲义聚焦非谓语动词这一高考核心考点，按作状语、定语、补语、宾语、主语和表语五大句法功能系统梳理，细分不定式、分词、动名词等形式的用法及逻辑关系，通过考点解析、方法归纳、真题演练和综合应用环节，帮助学生构建完整知识体系，突破语法难点。 资料突出核心素养导向，如语法填空融入真实情境培养语言能力，独立主格结构分析训练思维品质，设置分层练习和模拟题即时反馈。创新采用“考点-方法-应用”三步教学法，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升备考效率提供有力支持。

高中英语一轮复习——非谓语动词完整讲义 考点一 非谓语动词作状语 一、动词不定式作状语 1. 作目的状语 有时用 in order to 或 so as to，但 so as to 不用于句首。 例句：We will continue our campaign to prevent and control ocean pollution to make our oceans clean. 译文：我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制海洋污染，使我们的海洋变得干净。 2. 作结果状语 逻辑主语通常是句子主语；常用结构：enough to, so/such …as to, too …to …, only to 等。 例句：We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left. 译文：我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。 3. 作原因状语 常与表情感的形容词连用，如 glad, happy, frightened, surprised 等。 例句：I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog. 译文：我惊恐地发现我家门前坐着一条狗。 4. 主语+系动词+形容词+to do 结构 不定式主动形式表被动意义；常用形容词：easy、hard、interesting、pleasant 等。 例句：The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on. 译文：这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。 二、分词作状语 作状语的分词逻辑主语一般是句子主语： • 现在分词：分词与逻辑主语为主动关系 • 过去分词：分词与逻辑主语为被动关系 1. 现在分词（时间状语） Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. 译文：走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。 2. 现在分词完成式（原因状语） Having waited in line for two hours, the old man became impatient. 译文：已经排了两个小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。 3. 过去分词（原因状语） Seriously injured, she has to be sent to the hospital at once. 译文：她受了重伤，必须马上送往医院。 补充：部分过去分词已形容词化，表状态，不表被动/完成 lost（迷路的）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（隐藏的）、 absorbed in（沉溺于）、dressed in（穿着……）、tired of（对……厌倦） 例句：Absorbed in the book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. 译文：他完全被这本书所吸引，没有注意到我进入房间。 三、独立主格结构作状语 作状语的动词逻辑主语和主句主语不一致，自带逻辑主语， 结构：名词/代词 + 分词(短语) 1. The girl staring at him, he felt a little nervous. 译文：女孩盯着他看，他感到有点紧张。 2. The problem solved, we all felt very happy. 译文：问题解决了，我们都感到很开心。 四、独立成分作状语（固定短语） to tell (you) the truth 老实说 to be honest 老实说 judging by/from 根据……来判断 generally speaking 一般来说 to begin with 首先 compared with/to 与……相比 即时演练 单句语法填空 ① (2026·芜湖二模) One day, I threw away a bag of wet waste into the compost bin, ______ (forget) to remove the plastic bag first. ② (2026·南昌二模) “Our workers failed to keep the original layout and interior decorations,” She said. “Luckily, we made efforts ______ (find) similar materials and used various conventional skills to repair doors and windows.” ③ (2026·上饶二模) ______ (know) for its careful craftsmanship, kesi involves weaving each colorful thread individually to form detailed patterns, often creating lifelike imagery with a shiny, layered effect. ④ (2026·烟台二模) ______ (complete) Duku Highway, thousands of soldiers and workers devoted themselves to its construction. ⑤ (2026·厦门四模) ______ (locate) near the A-Ma Temple, the exhibition draws inspiration from Macau’s long-standing Mazu traditions and the historical spread of Mazu culture from Cai’s hometown in Quanzhou, Fujian. 考点二 非谓语动词作定语 一、动词不定式作定语 1. 表动作即将发生 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 译文：会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 2. 多用于抽象名词后：ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, decision, desire, determination, effort, reason, time, tradition The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 译文：表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 3. 用于序数词、the only, the last, the right 或形容词最高级修饰的名词后 She is always the first to come and the last to leave. 译文：她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 二、动名词作定语 表被修饰名词的用途 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming 游泳池 a waiting room = a room for waiting 候车室 三、分词作定语 • 现在分词：主动、正在进行 • 过去分词：被动、已经完成 1. The lecture, starting at 7 o’clock last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. 译文：这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望远镜观看月球的活动。 2. Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 译文：建于1911年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出人物。 即时演练 单句语法填空 ① (2026·芜湖二模) This experience taught an important lesson: environmental protection is a ______ (share) duty, and every individual’s effort matters. ② (2026·湖北八市二模) By studying these burned wood or charcoal relics, the Chinese and French teams advance research ______ (connect) the two cultural relics together. ③ (2026·上饶二模) Whoever appreciates Peking Opera can find a unique perspective, while I was particularly fascinated by the beautiful stage accessories, which aroused my desire ______ (collect) and restore fans. ④ (2026·莆田四模) “Gen Alpha children will grow up in a world ______ (drive) by AI, where the environment is vastly different from today’s,” Jiada said. ⑤ (2026·湖北八市二模) The aim is to showcase the old materials and ______ (damage) wooden components in a way that serves as a warning for future generations. 考点三 非谓语动词作补语 一、动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 部分动词/动词短语后接宾语+to do：advise, want, allow, permit, persuade, remind, invite, depend on, call on 例句：Father advised me to say something. 译文：父亲建议我说点什么。 2. 主语补足语固定句型：sb/sth be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought + to do / to have done / to be done / to be doing / to have been done 例句：He is said to have been cheated in the street. 译文：据说他在街上被骗了。 二、分词作宾语补足语 • 动词-ing：宾语与宾补逻辑上主谓（主动） • 过去分词：宾语与宾补逻辑上动宾（被动、完成） 例句：They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 译文：他们用电脑保持交通畅通。 三、感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel 三种形式：• do：主动、完整动作全过程 • doing：主动、动作正在进行 • done：被动、动作完成 例句：As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. 译文：当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，呼吸急促。 四、使役动词+宾语+宾语补足语 使役动词+宾语 to do doing done make + 宾语 do × √ keep + 宾语 × √ √ have + 宾语 do/to do区分 √（表状态） √（表被动） get + 宾语 √ √ √ leave + 宾语 √ √ √ 例句：Claire had her luggage checked an hour before the plane left. 译文：在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。 五、with/without + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 复合结构：with/without + 名词 + doing（主动、进行）/ done（被动、完成）/ to do（目的、将来） 例句：Without anyone noticing me, I stole into the room. 译文：没有人注意到我，我偷偷溜进了房间。 即时演练 单句语法填空 ① (2026·九江三模) With all the research and construction work ______ (progress) as scheduled, the mission of landing Chinese astronauts on the moon by 2030 is within reach. ② She returned home, only to find the door open and a number of things ______ (go). ③ With a lot of difficult problems ______ (settle), he can’t get home early. ④ Not seeing any fire engines ______ (approach), Grant rushed to a side entrance and ran up the stairs. ⑤ Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him ______ (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination. 考点四 非谓语动词作宾语 1. 作动词的宾语 （1）只跟动词不定式 manage, offer, agree, attempt, choose, decline, determine, fail, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, tend, volunteer （2）只跟动名词 consider, miss, practise, advocate, appreciate, avoid/escape, admit, deny, finish, enjoy, imagine, include, involve, mention, keep (on), mind, delay/postpone, advise/suggest, risk, resist （3）两者均可，无明显区别 begin/start, like/love, continue, intend, prefer （4）两者均可，意义有区别 stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 | stop doing sth 停下正在做的事 remember to do sth 记得要去做某事 | remember doing sth 记得已经做过某事 mean to do sth 打算做某事 | mean doing sth 意味着做某事 regret to say/tell/inform … 遗憾地说/告知 | regret doing sth 后悔已经做过某事 can’t help to do sth 不能帮助去做某事 | can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 go on to do sth 继续去做另一件事 | go on doing sth 继续做正在做的事 forget to do sth 忘记要去做某事 | forget doing sth 忘记已经做过某事 try to do sth 努力做某事 | try doing sth 尝试做某事 2. 作介词的宾语 介词后一律用动名词作宾语。 3. it 作形式宾语 动词不定式/动名词作宾语，后面带宾补时，用 it 作形式宾语，结构： v. + it + n./adj. + to do / doing 4. “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 疑问代词/副词（what/who/where/how/when/why除外）+ to do，可作主、表、宾、宾补、同位语。 5. 固定结构 but / except (to) do 前有实义动词 do，but/except 后省 to；无实义动词 do，则加 to。 即时演练 单句语法填空 ① (2026·芜湖二模) I had intended ______ (ask) a classmate to help the next day, but the thought slipped my mind. ② (2026·湖北八市二模) The protection of cultural relics, especially restoration, is not only about renovation but it is more about how ______ (handle) the many wooden structures of the cathedral. ③ (2026·泰安四模) Despite this, Chang’an: 30,000 Miles, a symbol of cultural revival, proves that Chinese animation is on the right path, whose achievement lies not just in its popularity but in lighting pride in Chinese stories — a treasure waiting ______ (share) with the world. ④ (2026·莆田四模) In his father’s view, the environment for Generation Alpha who desire ______ (pursue) their sporting dreams has changed significantly. 考点五 非谓语动词作主语和表语 一、作主语 1. 动词不定式：具体、一次性、未做的动作 2. 动词-ing：一般、抽象、习惯性动作 常见句型： It is/was no use/no good/useless/a waste of time (no) fun/pleasure doing sth It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. It’s +adj./for/of sb. + to do sth. 二、作表语 不定式作表语 说明主语的职业、职责、性质、目标；主语常为：aim/purpose/idea/intention/plan/wish/decision/choice Our duty is to help those find their parents. 动名词作表语 表一般概念 My hobby is collecting ancient coins. 现在分词作表语 说明主语性质、特征，“令人……的”；正在……的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的 | developing 发展中的 过去分词作表语 说明主语状态，“感到……的”；已经……的 satisfied 满意的 | retired 退休的 即时演练 单句语法填空 ① It is widely believed that ______ (form) a good habit will benefit us all our lives. ② It’s standard practice for a company like this one ______ (employ) a security officer. ③ ______ (listen) to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss among some teenagers. ④ I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ______ (challenge). ⑤ I got caught in the traffic jam and I’m not sure how long it will take ______ (arrive) at the airport. ⑥ What worried the child most was his ______ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital. 培育·学科素养 Ⅰ. 语法填空 A Let children learn 1. ______ (judge) their own work. A child 2. ______ (learn) to talk does not learn by 3. ______ (correct) all the time. If 4. ______ (correct) too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes 5. ______ (make) his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by comparing their own behaviors with those of more 6. ______ (skill) people, and slowly make the 7. ______ (need) changes. But in school, teachers never give a child a chance 8. ______ (find) out his mistakes by himself, even fewer chances for him to correct himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would fail 9. ______ (notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him. They act as if the student would never correct it unless 10. ______ (make) to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem. Ⅰ. 语法填空 B (2025·济南三模) For Chen Honghan, a student from Nizhuhe Village in Xuanwei, Yunnan, the dangerous three-hour mountain hike to school has been replaced by a safe 30-minute journey thanks to the “cloud school bus”. Nizhuhe Village, situated deep in the mountains, was once linked to Wanquan Primary School by a dangerous journey along cliffside (悬崖边) 1. ______ (path). Every school day, Chen and her classmates 2. ______ (brave) muddy, narrow routes and makeshift stone steps just 3. ______ (reach) their school high atop the cliffs. It was no wonder that those parents 4. ______ children faced safety risks on these daily trips remained constantly worried. This challenging journey changed 5. ______ (remarkable) in 2017 with the launch of Nizhuhe Grand Canyon eco-tourism project. A cliffside lift and a cable car (缆车), 6. ______ (construct) in 2022, offered villagers free access to the peak. Today, the “cloud school bus” combines a bus ride, a 268-meter lift, and a 200-meter cable car, transforming 7. ______ previous dangerous trip into a safe and enjoyable experience. The impact has been far-reaching. Chen, who once considered 8. ______ (drop) out due to the dangers, now safely takes her younger sisters to school. Beyond safeguarding children, the project has boosted tourism, turning 9. ______ was once an overlooked village into a tourist destination. Villagers have seized the opportunity and significantly improved their livelihoods by launching businesses, 10. ______ farmstays, coffee shops, and guesthouses. Ⅱ. 语法与写作 1. (2025·全国一卷) 这样一个极具吸引力的专栏，采用“描述与猜测”的方式，必定能让每个人都接触到他人的特点，进而增进彼此的了解。 Such an appealing column, ______ , must expose everyone to others’ characteristics, ______ . (adopt, strengthen) 2. (2025·全国一卷) 更重要的是，更多的友谊将会建立起来，因为这个专栏能让我们与志同道合的人成为朋友。 More importantly, more friendships will be forged, since the column ______ on the same wavelength. (enable) 3. (2025·全国一卷) 我们坐在门廊上，Toby在我们旁边休息着，我把那盒饼干递给了他。（with复合结构） We sat on the porch ______ , and I handed him the box of biscuits. 4. (2025·全国二卷) 站起身时，我感到一阵紧张与兴奋交织的情绪。 ______ , I felt a mix of nervousness and excitement. 5. (2025·全国二卷) 他们围住了我，他们的问题像溪流一样涌了出来。（独立主格结构） They surrounded me, ______ like a stream. 配套所有空标准答案汇总 考点一 即时演练 1. forgetting 2. to find 3. Known 4. To complete 5. Located 考点二 即时演练 1. shared 2. connecting 3. to collect 4. driven 5. damaged 考点三 即时演练 1. progressing 2. gone 3. to settle 4. approaching 5. to overcome 考点四 即时演练 1. to ask 2. to handle 3. to be shared 4. to pursue 考点五 即时演练 1. forming 2. to employ 3. Listening 4. challenged 5. to arrive 6. not being allowed 语法填空A 1. to judge 2. learning 3. being corrected 4. corrected 5. to make 6. skilled 7. needed 8. to find 9. to notice 10. made 语法填空B 1. paths 2. braved 3. to reach 4. whose 5. remarkably 6. constructed 7. the 8. dropping 9. what 10. farmstays 语法与写作参考句 1. adopting the way of “description and guess”; strengthening mutual understanding 2. enables us to make friends with people 3. with Toby resting beside us 4. Standing up 5. their questions pouring out 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $