Unit 7 Section A Grammar Focus 4a-4d 课件2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语课件以现在完成时为核心知识点，通过《小王子》等奇幻经典作品导入，结合“get lost”“prefer A to B”等词汇短语搭建学习支架，系统呈现基本句型、动词过去分词变化规则及标志词用法，形成从词汇到语法的连贯学习脉络。 其亮点在于注重语境化教学，通过对话填空、语篇填空等练习（如4b用ever/never完成对话），结合规则与不规则动词分类表、现在完成时与一般过去时对比表格，培养学生语言运用能力和逻辑思维品质。学生能在真实语境中掌握语法，教师可借助清晰结构提升教学效率。

Grammar Section A What great books have you read? 奇幻经典作品 迷路 比起B 更喜欢A 比起做B更喜欢做A 宁愿做A不愿意做B 太....以至于不能.... 长大；成长 发现某物是....的 主角 fantasy classic get lost (get—got—got/gotten) =lose one’s way (lose—lost—lost) prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B prefer to do A rather than do B too...to... grow up (grow —grew —grown) find it + adj. (find— found — found) main character The present perfect tense 现在完成时 I made some food. Mom can enjoy it now. now past 现在完成时表示_______发生或已经完成的动作对__________造成的影响或结果。 过去 现在 I have made some delicious food for mom. 1.表示影响或结果 The present perfect tense 现在完成时 Focus on 用法 *现在完成时的句型。 *动词过去分词的变化规则。 *现在完成时的用法。 基本结构： have / has + V过去分词 I have watched this show. I haven’t finished my homework. He has read this book. have / has not + V过去分词 have not= has not= haven’t hasn’t 助动词 I have= I’ve he has= he’s 现在完成时的基本句型 I have finished all my homework. I have cleaned all the rooms. I have made some delicious food. 肯定句：主语+ have/has+过去分词 +其它 He not has They have cleaned all the rooms. 否定句在_______________后面加______。 not finished his homework. have或has not 否定句 They have cleaned all the rooms . He has finished all his homework . Have ? they Has ? he 一般疑问句把______________调到主语前面, 回答时，也要使用_______________. have或has have或has —Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. —Yes, he has. —No, he hasn’t. 一般疑问句 Lily has watered the flowers. (改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答） _____________________________________________ 2. I have lived here for two years.(对划线部分提问） _____________________________________________ 3. Tom has played football.（改为否定句） _____________________________________________ 句型转换改错（找出错误并改正） 1. He have finished his work. ____________ 2. Has you cleaned the desk? ____________ Has Lily watered the flowers? Yes, she has. How long have you lived here ? Tom hasn’t played football. have→has has→have Base form 动词原形 Simple Past 过去式 变化规则 look look look move move move carry carr carr stop stop stop 一般动词，加ed 以不发音的e结尾的动词，加d 以“辅音+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加ed 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加ed 二、动词过去分词的变化规则 ed ed d d Past Participle 过去分词 ed ed p p ed y i ed y i cut cut cut let let let read read read spread spread spread beat beat beaten become became become come came come run ran run A-A-A型 （10个） (动词原形、过去式、过去分词都同形) A-A-B型 （1个） (动词原形、过去式同形) A-B-A型 （3个） (动词原形、过去分词同形) 但也有一部分动词-ed形式的变化是不规则的，没有规律，需要记忆。 Base form 动词原形 Simple Past 过去式 Past Participle 过去分词 101个 have had had make made made spend spent spent hear heard heard teach taught taught find found found do did done be was/were been go went gone choose chose chosen grow grew grown see saw seen know knew known A-B-B型 （48个） (动词过去式、过去分词同形) A-B-C型 （39个） (动词原形、过去式、过去分词都不同形) 说出下列动词的过去式或过去分词。 1. do → did→ ______　 2. go → went →______ 　　　　 3. be → was / were → ______　　　　　 4. drink → drank →______ 　　 5. like →______→______　　　 6. make →______→______ 7. take →______→______ 8. visit →________→________ done gone been drunk liked liked made made took taken visited visited 4a Read the sentences and underline the present perfect forms of the verbs. 现在完成时常与already, yet, ever, never, just, recently等副词连用。 课本P65 The present perfect with already, yet, ever, never, and just Focus on 基本用法 A: I have already finished my homework. Have you finished your homework yet? B: No, I haven’t finished it yet. 现在完成时标志词：already, yet 意思 句型 already yet “已经” 肯定句 “已经” 一般疑问句 “还（没）” 否定句 E.g. Jim has already finished his work. （肯定句） 我们已经把教室打扫干净了。 我们还没把教室打扫干净。 你们已经把教室打扫干净了吗？ We ______ ______ ______ up our classroom. We _______ _______ up our classroom _____. _____ _____ _____ up your classroom _____? ←（否定句） Jim hasn’t finished his work yet. ←（一般疑问句） Has Jim finished his work yet? 举一反三 have already cleaned haven’t cleaned yet Have you cleaned yet 现在完成时除了already, yet, 还常与ever（曾经), never(从不）, before（以前）, just（刚刚）， so far(到目前为止）,in the past few years (在过去的几年里) recently (最近) 等时间状语连用。 Have you ______ read this book? I have ______ read this book. I have read this book_______ . I have ______ finished reading this book. I have read three books this book________ . ever never before just so far 表示从过去某个时间开始直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。 I have met him three times. 我已经跟他见过三次面了 与表示频率的时间状语连用。   含义 用法 位置 ever 曾经 ___________ 句中 never ________ ________ 句中 just ________ 肯定句 句中 already 已经 肯定句 ________ yet ________ _________ ___________ ___________ ________ 疑问句 从不 否定句 刚刚 句中/句末 尚未；还未 否定句 句末 已经 疑问句 4b Complete the conversations with ever, never, just, already, or yet. A: Have you ______ heard of the book The Little Prince? B: No, I’ve ______ heard of it. A: I’ve _____________ finished reading it. It’s such a simple story, but you can learn a lot from it! A: Have you chosen a book for your book report ______? B: Yes, I’ve chosen The Little Match Girl. It’s such a sad story, but I love it. I’ve ______ started writing my report. A: I’ve ______ read a classic novel before. Could you recommend one? B: Well, I’ve _____________ finished Outlaws of the Marsh. It’s really good! A: Oh, thanks! Could I borrow it? B: Sure! ever never just/already yet already never just/already 1. 2. 3. 一个如此简单的故事 从....学到很多 一个如此悲伤的故事 v. 推荐 一部经典小说 课本P65 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 Focus on 基本用法 We can use both the present perfect tense and the simple past tense to talk about a past experience. Let’s find out their differences. ① I have seen that movie many times. ② I saw that movie last week. 现在完成时： 现在完成时与一般过去时区别 我已经看过那部电影很多次了。 我上周看了那部电影。 一般过去时： 主语 + have/has + V-ed 主语 + 动词过去式 一、构成不同 ① I have already visited that museum. I visited it last summer. ② I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 现在完成时表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于强调已完成动作对现在的影响。 一般过去时表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。 我已经参观过那个博物馆了，去年夏天参观的。 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。 二、用法不同 ① We moved to this city in 2012. ② I saw that movie last week. ③ - Have you ever been to London? - No, I have never been there. ④I have seen that movie many times. 我已经看过那部电影很多次了。 我上周看了那部电影。 三、时间状语不同 — 你曾经去过伦敦吗？ — 没有，以前从没去过。 一般过去时常与表过去的具体的时间状语连用, yesterday、last night、three weeks ago、in 2012 等。 现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语, 如ever, never, many times等都可以与现在完成时连用。 我们2012年搬到了这个城市。 4c Complete the passage with the simple past or present perfect forms of the verbs in brackets. ______ you ever ______ (try) to read books from different countries? At the start of this year, I ______ (decide) to read books from as many countries as possible. I _____ (begin) with The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Today I ______ already ______ (read) twenty different books. These books _________ (teach) me a lot about other cultures and societies, and they __________ (allow) me to see the world differently. In the past, I only ______ (know) the names of different countries, but now I understand them a little bit better. This experience has been amazing so far. I never ________ (realize) how big our world really is! Have tried decided began have read have taught have allowed knew realized = at the beginning of ... 一开始 尽可能..... see...differently 用不同的角度看待..... 课本P65 never + 过去式：过去从来没有意识到 语境逻辑→到现在为止这段经历很棒,之前(过去)一直没意识到世界这么大 一点(修饰比较级) 到目前为止 4d Interview your classmates and find out who has done these activities. read all four Chinese literary classics watched a movie based on a novel read a book in a different language read a book more than twice read a book with more than 500 pages joined a reading club 中国四大名著 根据小说改编的电影 超过2次 Journey to the West 《西游记》 A Dream of Red Mansions / ˈmænʃənz / 《红楼梦》 The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》 Outlaws of the Marsh 《水浒传》 从....中学到很多 向某人推荐某人 建议某人做某事 建议做某事 一部经典小说 尽可能..... 在过去 到目前为止 有点；稍微 中国四大名著 以....为基础 learn a lot from... recommend sth. to sb. recommend sb. to do sth. recommend doing sth. a classic novel as...as possible = as... as sb. can/could in the past so far a little bit = a little = a bit four Chinese literary classics base...on... recommend v.推荐；建议 I want to recommend this book to you. recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 I recommend you to take the subway. I recommend taking the subway. recommend sb. to do sb. 建议某人做某事 recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 Summary 1.基本结构 have / has ＋ 动词过去分词 have / has ＋ not ＋动词过去分词 2.动词过去式的不规则变化 AAA ABB ABA ABC AAB 3.定义（用法） 1).现在完成时表示_______发生或已经完成的动作对__________造成的影响或结果。 过去 现在 4. 标志词 already yet 肯定句 “已经” 否定句 “已经” ever , never , before , just, so far , twice for ＋ 时间段 since ＋ 时间点/从句(一般过去时) 一般过去时 现在完成时 用法不同 只表示过去的 动作或状态 (不涉及现在) 表示过去发生的事情对现在 造成的影响或结果 (与现在有联系) 2.表示动作的持续 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。（这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。）常常跟 He has taught in our school for 30 years/since 30 years ago. 他在我们学校教书已有30年了。 He has worked for us since he left school. 他离开学校以后就一直为我们工作。 for＋一段时间, since＋时间点/从句(一般过去时) 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the factory ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 选用for和since填空: 35 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the factory ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. for since for since for 选用for和since填空: 36 have been to、have gone to与have been in 的区别 have been to 表示“_________________”,暗含现在已不在那里了。后可接次数，如________________________等，表示“去过某地几次”；也可和just、never、ever等连用。 He has been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。 have gone to 表示“________________”,暗含说话时该人不在现场。 They aren’t here. They have gone to Beijing. 他们不在这里。他们去了北京。 have been in 表示“_____________________”,与“_____________________”, “____________________”等连用 They have been in China for 2 years. 他们在中国2年了。 曾经到过某地 once, twice, three times 已经去某地了 在某地一段时间了 for+时间段 since+过去时间点 注意：如果后面接的是地点副词here/there/home, 要省略to/in。 【拓展】 一、语法点单句特训。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　　)1.She 　　　　worked here before.  A.has　 B.was　 C.did (　　)2.We have visited the Great Wall 　　　　.  A.before　 B.now　 C.last week (　　)3.We can’t go home now.Because we 　　　　our work yet.  A.hasn’t finished　 B.haven’t finished C.don’t finish A A B (　　)4.Kate has 　　　entered a competition, so she wants to do it.  A.ever　 B.never　 C.just (　　)5.—Have you read this book?　—　　　　.  A.Yes, I do　 B.Yes, I have　 C.No, I can’t B B 二、完成句子,每空一词。 6.你之前去过动物园吗? 　　　　　　 you ever 　　　　　　　　　the zoo before?  7.他们已经查明那场事故的原因了吗? 　　　　　　 they 　　　　　　　　　the cause of the accident?  8.我已经完成了这个项目。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　the project.  Have been to Have found out have finished 9.我们的家乡在过去几年改变了很多。 Our hometown 　　　　　　　　　　　　in the past few years.  10.那个小女孩已经学会了广东的一些当地语言。 The little girl 　　　　　　　　　　some local languages in Guangdong.  has changed a lot has learned/learnt 三、小语篇特训(语法选择)。 All the attendees (参加者) are watching TV to wait for the result. The presenter (节目主持人) says,“Boys and girls, last week we 　11　 a writing competition.Now let’s see who will win the competition. Seven hundred and eighty⁃five students entered the competition, but only one of you can win.We 　12　 marks to you in the past few days.The one who gets the top mark is the winner.And the winner will get the holiday in Hong Kong Disneyland Park.OK.Now let me tell you who the winner is.It’s Li Ling.I hope you 　13　 TV now, too. Congratulations! You have won the competition.”Li Ling is my friend.We are in Yuying Middle School.I’m proud of her.I hope I can be as excellent as her one day and win the competition, too.  (　　)11.A.hold　 B.held　 C.have held (　　)12.A.give　 B.will give　 C.have given (　　)13.A.are watching　 B.watch　 C.have watched B C A Lavf58.29.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $