第02讲 Unit 2 Beyond Earth（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材鲁教版五四学制

第02讲 Unit 2 Beyond Earth （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握航天、太空探索相关主题词汇（火箭、空间站、探测器、载人航天、宇宙航行等）。 2. 熟练运用被动语态，能够借助该语法对太空探索的未来发展做出合理预测。 3. 读懂介绍中外航天成就、太空探索价值的英语语篇，抓取关键信息。 学习重点 1. 话题重点：熟练谈论航天成就，清晰阐述太空探索的原因与意义，口头、书面描述个人太空梦想。 2. 语法重点：被动语态的结构、时态变形；运用被动语态对太空探索的未来发展进行预测表达。 3. 语用重点：看图问答、观点交流类口语句型，能流畅回答图片展示内容、主观感受、太空旅行意愿等交际问题。 学习难点 不同时态下被动语态的区分使用；结合航天话题用被动语态做未来预测，避免主动、被动语态混用出错。 1.Beyond Earth 地球之外 【详解】beyond prep. 超出；在……较远的一边；adv. 在（或向）更远处 The small village is beyond those hills. 小村庄在那片小山的另一边。 This math problem is beyond me. 这道数学题我不会做（超出我的能力）。 【典例】The spaceship travelled far _________ the Earth. A. beyond B. beside C. besides D. from 【答案】A 【详解】句意：宇宙飞船驶向地球遥远的外侧。beyond意为在……之外，far beyond是常用搭配；beside表示在……旁边，besides表示除……之外（还有），from表示从……，三者均不符合飞船远航的语境，故为A。 【即练】Our dreams go far _________ what we can see now. A. beside B. beyond C. from D. along 2.  Zhurong is a rover sent to Mars to explore its surface.祝融号是送往火星探测地表的漫游探测器。 【详解】 send /sent/ v. (sent; sent)发送，派送 常用搭配：send sth. to sp. 把某物送往某地  a rover sent to Mars = a rover which is sent to Mars 过去分词 sent 放在名词后，表被动，相当于定语从句， This is a spaceship launched last year. 这是去年发射的一艘飞船。 【典例】The gift ________ (buy) for my mum is a nice scarf. 【答案】bought 【详解】句意：给妈妈买的礼物是一条漂亮的围巾。空格处修饰名词gift，礼物是“被购买”，表被动，用过去分词作后置定语，buy的过去分词是bought，故填bought。 【即练】The letter ________ (write) by my friend arrived this morning. 3. It is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future. 人们期待载人登月任务在不久之后接续实施。 【详解】1.It is hoped that…人们期待/ 希望  It is + 过去分词 + that从句 ：人们希望/据悉/大家认为…… 常用句型： 1）It is said that… 据说…… 2） It is reported that… 据报道…… 3）It is believed that… 人们相信…… 如，It is hoped that our space station will be more complete.人们期待我们的空间站变得更加完善。 2.in the near future 在不久的将来，近期，一般将来时标志词。 In the near future, I will visit my grandparents. 不久之后，我会去看望祖父母。 【典例】People hope that a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future.（改为同义句） ____________________a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future. 【答案】People hope that 替换为 It is hoped that 完整句子：It is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future. 【详解】句意：人们希望不久之后会执行载人登月任务。原句主语为人，hope后接宾语从句；同义转换使用固定句型It is hoped that...（人们希望……），it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，故填It is hoped that。 【即练1】It is ________(hope) that the new library will open next month. 【即练2】In the near future, my family ________( take) a trip to the seaside. 4. More astronauts will be sent there.更多航天员将会被送往空间站。 It is believed that our understanding of the moon and the solar system will be greatly improved. 相信我们对月球乃至太阳系的认知水平将会大幅提升。 【详解】一般将来时被动语态 : 1)主语(承受者) + will be + 过去分词(done) 2)主语(承受者) + am/is/are going to be + 过去分词(done) A manned mission to the moon will be carried out soon. 载人登月任务很快就会被执行。 The bike will be fixed tomorrow. 这辆自行车明天将会被修好。 【典例】 The space task ____________(finish) soon. 【答案】will be finished 【详解】句意：这项太空任务很快就会完成。主语the space task和finish之间是被动关系；时间状语soon表示将来，要用一般将来时的被动语态will be+过去分词，finish的过去分词为finished，故填will be finished。 【即练】More trees ____________(plant) around the lake next year. 5.The Tiangong space station was completed in late 2022.天宫空间站于2022年末全面建成。 【详解】1. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成、竣工 My father will complete the shelf he is making this weekend. 爸爸这周末就能做完他正在打造的置物架。 2.complete adj. 完整的、齐全的 I have a complete set of this cartoon books.我有这套漫画书完整的一整套。 3. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地、彻底地 I completely forgot to take my keys this morning.今早我彻底忘了带钥匙。 【典例】 The new community library _________(complete)last year. 【答案】was completed 【详解】句意：这座新的社区图书馆去年竣工了。主语library和complete是被动关系；时间状语last year为一般过去时标志，一般过去时被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词，主语为单数，be动词用was，complete过去分词为completed，故填was completed。 【即练】The room was __________ (complete) cleaned before guests arrived. 6. How does it feel to be weightless?失重是什么感觉？ 【详解】1. How does it feel to do sth. 做某事是什么感觉？  it 形式主语：指代后面真正主语  to be weightless ，无实义 如，How does it feel to try homemade ice cream?品尝自制冰淇淋是什么感觉？ 2.weightless /ˈweɪtləs/ adj. 失重的 weight n. 重量 lose weight 减肥 weigh v. 称重 overweight adj. 超重的 weigh /weɪ/ v. 动词，称重；重量为 I weigh myself every morning. 我每天早上称体重。 1. I want to lose weight by jogging every evening.我想靠每晚慢跑减肥。 【典例1】How does it feel _________( finish ) all homework early? 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：早早完成所有作业感觉如何？固定句型How does it feel to do sth.，it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式，故填to finish。 【典例2】The box is too heavy. I can't carry its ________(weigh). 【答案】weight 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，我扛不动它的重量。形容词性物主代词its后需接名词，weigh的名词形式weight表示重量，故填weight。 【即练1】一整天独自在家是什么感觉？_________________ to be alone at home for a whole day? 【即练2】Her _________ is normal, but she can never experience __________ on Earth (weigh). 7. At some point in the far future, we may find new resources in outer space. It might sound crazy, but our Earth may run out of resources.在遥远未来的某个时刻，我们或许能在外太空找到新资源。这听起来或许天方夜谭，但地球的资源总有耗尽的一天。 【详解】1. at some point在某个时刻、某一天 At some point in the far future, people may travel to other planets for vacation. 在遥远未来，人类或许能去其他行星度假。 2.  run out of 用完，耗尽 辨析：sb. run out of sth. 某人用光/耗尽某物（人作主语，主动语态） sth. run out 某物耗尽（物作主语，无被动）  I have run out of my pocket money. 我零花钱花光了。 Our food supplies ran out last night. 我们的食物补给昨晚耗尽了。 【典例】 徒步途中我们的饮用水喝完了。We ___________ drinking water during the hiking trip. 【答案】ran out of 【详解】句意：徒步途中我们的饮用水喝完了。主语是人，用run out of，表示“用完、耗尽”；句子描述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时，run过去式为ran，故填ran out of。 【即练】The natural resources on Earth will__________ one day. A. run out of B. run out C. run after D. run away 8. In that case, a new home for us human beings will be needed. 在那种情况下，人类就会需要一个新家园。 In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. 万一旅行者1号被外星生命发现，飞船上搭载了一张存有地球声音与影像的特制唱片。 【详解】辨析In that case ，in case 1. in that case既然那样；在那种情况下（承接上文已提到的既定情况，顺势推出后续结论） It may rain heavily soon. In that case, we have to put off the outdoor sports meeting. 马上可能会下大雨，那样的话我们只能推迟室外运动会。 2. in case以防；免得；以防万一（提前做准备，规避后文可能发生的意外情况） I'm going there early in case there are too many people.我早点动身过去，免得人太多 【典例】A: I missed the last bus home. B: __________ you can stay at my house tonight. A. In case B. In that case C. In silence D. In person 【答案】B 【详解】句意：A：我错过了回家的末班车。B：既然那样，你今晚可以住在我家。 In case 以防；In that case 既然那样；In silence 沉默地；In person 亲自。结合语境选B，故为B。 【即练】随身带把伞，以防下雨。Take an umbrella with you __________ it rains. 9. This project will require students to do research on space exploration. 这个项目将要求学生开展关于太空探索的相关研究。 【详解】require /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ v.要求；需要 ①require sb. to do sth.要求某人去做某事 The teacher requires us to finish homework before dinner. 老师要求我们晚饭前写完作业。 ② require doing sth. 某物需要被……（主动表被动） The room requires cleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。 用法③ require + that从句（从句必须用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形，should可省略） The rule requires that everyone (should) wear safety helmets. 条例要求所有人都必须佩戴安全帽。 【典例】My mom requires me _________(wash) my own socks every evening. 【答案】to wash 【详解】句意：妈妈要求我每晚自己洗袜子。固定搭配require sb. to do sth.，意为要求某人做某事，不定式作宾语补足语，故填to wash。 【即练】 I am required ________( tidy) my bedroom every weekend. 10. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. 虽然这件事目前尚且无法实现，但随着各国与科学家携手合作，我们有望研发出必备技术。 【详解】 1. while 引导让步从句（高频考点） ① 让步：While..., …… 虽然……（本句用法） 例句：While I understand your idea, I still can’t agree. 虽然我理解你的想法，但我还是不能认同。 ② 时间状语：While I was reading, he came in. 我看书的时候，他走了进来。 2. with + 宾语 + doing（伴随状语） 宾语主动发出动作，用现在分词doing 例句：With the rain pouring down, we had to stay indoors. 大雨倾盆，我们只能待在屋里。 3. there is hope that… 存在……的希望 / 有望…… (=it is hoped that…) 例句：There is hope that we can finish the task ahead of schedule.我们有望提前完成任务。 4.短语 ①right now此刻，眼下，目前（多用于现在时） I’m doing my English homework right now. 我这会儿正在写英语作业。 我们眼下没法出门，雨下得太大了。 ② cooperate with sb. 与某人合作、协作 You need to cooperate with your deskmate to finish this group task. 你需要和同桌配合完成这项小组任务。 【典例1】We can’t go out_________ because it’s raining heavily. A. right now B. right away C. just now D. at once 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们此刻不能外出，因为雨下得很大。right now此刻、现在；right away和at once立刻、马上；just now刚才，用于一般过去时。结合语境是当下无法出门，故为A。 【典例2】. __________ I know it’s hard, I won’t give up. A. When B. While C. Since D. Before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然我知道这件事很难，但我不会放弃。while此处引导让步状语从句，意为虽然；when当……时；since自从、既然；before在……之前，均不符合让步逻辑，故为B。 【即练1】Different departments________each other to hold the school sports meeting. A. compare with B. compete with C. cooperate with D. deal with 【即练2】________ the sun shining brightly, we went for a picnic. A.As B. Without C. For D.With 一、根据汉语提示，音标或首字母完成单词。 1.My grandma’s house is__________ /bɪˈjɒnd/ he river. 2.The astronaut finished his space _________(使命)successfully. 3.They will l_________ a new satellite next month. 4._______ /taɪ/the instruments tightly before launching. 5.Experts study Mars _________ (地质) with rover data. 6.The communication __________(卫星)works 24 hours a day. 7.They had to __________(取消) the rocket launch because of bad weather. 8.The spacecraft uses _________(太阳能的）panels to get power. 9.The powerful _________(火箭) carried the spacecraft into orbit. 10.The ___________(飞船)will travel to Proxima Centauri one day. 二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。 1.Zhurong rover___________( success) landed on Mars in May 2021. 2.This__________(man) spaceship will carry three astronauts. 3.Astronauts feel __________(weight)inside the orbiting craft. 4.We can track the satellite's __________(move)in real time. 5.It took him a long time to fall _________(sleep) on the spaceship. 6.If you don't rest well at night, you will feel________( sleep) in class during the day 7.That distant galaxy looks very ____________(mystery) to us. 8.The rover __________(complete) finished its surface survey task. 9.Great space discoveries start from rich ___________(imagine). 10.We have high_________( expect) for the new launch mission. 11.The launch viewing area was __________(crowd) with visitors. 12.The cakes ________ (make) by grandma taste sweet. 13.A new playground _________ (build )in our school in the near future. 14.The bag that_________(buy) online is cheap. 15.The homework should ______ (finish) on time. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.船上所有科研人员为成功入轨欢呼。 All scientists __________ cheered for the successful orbit entry. 2.我方实验室和国外机构协作研发卫星。 Our lab ____________ foreign institutes on satellite design. 3.人类1969年首次踏上月球。 Human beings first_________ the Moon in 1969. 4.我存了点零花钱，以备不时之需。 I saved some pocket money __________ I need it in an emergency. 5.更多航天员将会被送往空间站。More astronauts ____________here. 四、阅读填空。 For 1._______ long time, scientists have known that the universe 2.________ (fill) with stars. In more recent times, 3._________, thousands of "4._________(exoplanet)" have also been discovered. These are planets that 5.________ (move) around stars — just like in our own solar system. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets 6._________( know) to us, and as technology improves, many more 7.________ (find). Some exoplanets are similar 8._______ Earth. They are of a similar size and temperature, and they might 9.________ (have) water. Scientists are excited about this. It 10.________ (think) that if there is water, there might also be alien life! 五、单项选择 1.It sounded a ________ idea to explore exoplanets over 100 years ago. A.possible B. crazy C. stupid D. comfortable 2.Space travel _________ strict physical training. A. requires B. question C. repair D. allow 3.The magazine will _________ the space research report next week. A. publish B.punish C. doubt D. explore 4.Take enough food and water on board _________ of emergency. A. in public B. in surprise C. in silence D.in case 5.There are _________ stars in one single galaxy. A.billions of B. billion of C. two billions of D. two billions 6.Many countries ________ in deep space exploration. A. compare B. compete C. operate D. cooperate 7.My __________ for the Spring Festival is just to stay with my whole family and eat dumplings together A. decision B. expectation C. discussion D. expression 8.8.Our teacher asked us to do a ________ about students' sleep time. A. homework B. survey C. experience D. volunteer 9. It’s easy to ________ this new washing machine A. press B. operate C. own D. repair 10. The toy car ______ by my brother broke down soon. A. buying B. bought C. buys D. buy 11.The hamburgers in that small shop ______ very well A. sell B. are selling C. are sold D. sold 12.The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never ________ by us. A. is forgotten B. forget C. be forgotten D. forgot 13.1.—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I__________, I will go on time. A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited 14.（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A. shows B. has shown C. is shown D. was shown 15. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year. A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit 2 Beyond Earth （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握航天、太空探索相关主题词汇（火箭、空间站、探测器、载人航天、宇宙航行等）。 2. 熟练运用被动语态，能够借助该语法对太空探索的未来发展做出合理预测。 3. 读懂介绍中外航天成就、太空探索价值的英语语篇，抓取关键信息。 学习重点 1. 话题重点：熟练谈论航天成就，清晰阐述太空探索的原因与意义，口头、书面描述个人太空梦想。 2. 语法重点：被动语态的结构、时态变形；运用被动语态对太空探索的未来发展进行预测表达。 3. 语用重点：看图问答、观点交流类口语句型，能流畅回答图片展示内容、主观感受、太空旅行意愿等交际问题。 学习难点 不同时态下被动语态的区分使用；结合航天话题用被动语态做未来预测，避免主动、被动语态混用出错。 1.Beyond Earth 地球之外 【详解】beyond prep. 超出；在……较远的一边；adv. 在（或向）更远处 The small village is beyond those hills. 小村庄在那片小山的另一边。 This math problem is beyond me. 这道数学题我不会做（超出我的能力）。 【典例】The spaceship travelled far _________ the Earth. A. beyond B. beside C. besides D. from 【答案】A 【详解】句意：宇宙飞船驶向地球遥远的外侧。beyond意为在……之外，far beyond是常用搭配；beside表示在……旁边，besides表示除……之外（还有），from表示从……，三者均不符合飞船远航的语境，故为A。 【即练】Our dreams go far _________ what we can see now. A. beside B. beyond C. from D. along 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的梦想远远超越当下眼前所见。beyond表示超越，far beyond可表示远远超出；beside在……旁边，from来自，along沿着，都不符合句子语义，故为B。 2.  Zhurong is a rover sent to Mars to explore its surface.祝融号是送往火星探测地表的漫游探测器。 【详解】 send /sent/ v. (sent; sent)发送，派送 常用搭配：send sth. to sp. 把某物送往某地  a rover sent to Mars = a rover which is sent to Mars 过去分词 sent 放在名词后，表被动，相当于定语从句， This is a spaceship launched last year. 这是去年发射的一艘飞船。 【典例】The gift ________ (buy) for my mum is a nice scarf. 【答案】bought 【详解】句意：给妈妈买的礼物是一条漂亮的围巾。空格处修饰名词gift，礼物是“被购买”，表被动，用过去分词作后置定语，buy的过去分词是bought，故填bought。 【即练】The letter ________ (write) by my friend arrived this morning. 【答案】written 【详解】句意：我朋友写的信件今早送达了。letter和write是被动关系，信件被书写，用过去分词作后置定语，write的过去分词为written，故填written。 3. It is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future. 人们期待载人登月任务在不久之后接续实施。 【详解】1.It is hoped that…人们期待/ 希望  It is + 过去分词 + that从句 ：人们希望/据悉/大家认为…… 常用句型： 1）It is said that… 据说…… 2） It is reported that… 据报道…… 3）It is believed that… 人们相信…… 如，It is hoped that our space station will be more complete.人们期待我们的空间站变得更加完善。 2.in the near future 在不久的将来，近期，一般将来时标志词。 In the near future, I will visit my grandparents. 不久之后，我会去看望祖父母。 【典例】People hope that a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future.（改为同义句） ____________________a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future. 【答案】People hope that 替换为 It is hoped that 完整句子：It is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow in the near future. 【详解】句意：人们希望不久之后会执行载人登月任务。原句主语为人，hope后接宾语从句；同义转换使用固定句型It is hoped that...（人们希望……），it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，故填It is hoped that。 【即练1】It is ________(hope) that the new library will open next month. 【答案】hoped 【详解】句意：人们希望新图书馆下个月开放。固定句型It is hoped that...，此处为被动结构，hope用过去分词hoped，故填hoped。 【即练2】In the near future, my family ________( take) a trip to the seaside. 【答案】will take 【详解】句意：在不久的将来，我们一家人要去海边旅行。时间状语In the near future表示将来，句子使用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形，故填will take。 4. More astronauts will be sent there.更多航天员将会被送往空间站。 It is believed that our understanding of the moon and the solar system will be greatly improved. 相信我们对月球乃至太阳系的认知水平将会大幅提升。 【详解】一般将来时被动语态 : 1)主语(承受者) + will be + 过去分词(done) 2)主语(承受者) + am/is/are going to be + 过去分词(done) A manned mission to the moon will be carried out soon. 载人登月任务很快就会被执行。 The bike will be fixed tomorrow. 这辆自行车明天将会被修好。 【典例】 The space task ____________(finish) soon. 【答案】will be finished 【详解】句意：这项太空任务很快就会完成。主语the space task和finish之间是被动关系；时间状语soon表示将来，要用一般将来时的被动语态will be+过去分词，finish的过去分词为finished，故填will be finished。 【即练】More trees ____________(plant) around the lake next year. 【答案】will be planted 【详解】句意：明年湖边将会栽种更多树木。主语more trees和plant是被动关系；next year为将来时间标志，使用一般将来时被动语态will be+过去分词，plant的过去分词是planted，故填will be planted。 5.The Tiangong space station was completed in late 2022.天宫空间站于2022年末全面建成。 【详解】1. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成、竣工 My father will complete the shelf he is making this weekend. 爸爸这周末就能做完他正在打造的置物架。 2.complete adj. 完整的、齐全的 I have a complete set of this cartoon books.我有这套漫画书完整的一整套。 3. completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地、彻底地 I completely forgot to take my keys this morning.今早我彻底忘了带钥匙。 【典例】 The new community library _________(complete)last year. 【答案】was completed 【详解】句意：这座新的社区图书馆去年竣工了。主语library和complete是被动关系；时间状语last year为一般过去时标志，一般过去时被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词，主语为单数，be动词用was，complete过去分词为completed，故填was completed。 【即练】The room was __________ (complete) cleaned before guests arrived. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：客人到来之前，这个房间被彻底打扫干净了。空格修饰动词cleaned，需用副词；complete的副词形式是completely，意为彻底地、完全地，故填completely。 6. How does it feel to be weightless?失重是什么感觉？ 【详解】1. How does it feel to do sth. 做某事是什么感觉？  it 形式主语：指代后面真正主语  to be weightless ，无实义 如，How does it feel to try homemade ice cream?品尝自制冰淇淋是什么感觉？ 2.weightless /ˈweɪtləs/ adj. 失重的 weight n. 重量 lose weight 减肥 weigh v. 称重 overweight adj. 超重的 weigh /weɪ/ v. 动词，称重；重量为 I weigh myself every morning. 我每天早上称体重。 1. I want to lose weight by jogging every evening.我想靠每晚慢跑减肥。 【典例1】How does it feel _________( finish ) all homework early? 【答案】to finish 【详解】句意：早早完成所有作业感觉如何？固定句型How does it feel to do sth.，it作形式主语，真正主语为后面不定式，故填to finish。 【典例2】The box is too heavy. I can't carry its ________(weigh). 【答案】weight 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，我扛不动它的重量。形容词性物主代词its后需接名词，weigh的名词形式weight表示重量，故填weight。 【即练1】一整天独自在家是什么感觉？_________________ to be alone at home for a whole day? 【答案】How does it feel 【详解】本题套用固定句型How does it feel to do sth.（做某事是什么感觉），对应中文翻译，故填How does it feel。 【即练2】Her _________ is normal, but she can never experience __________ on Earth (weigh). 【答案】weight；weightlessness 【详解】句意：她的体重正常，但她在地球上永远体会不到失重状态。第一空形容词性物主代词Her后接名词，weight表示体重；第二空experience后接名词，结合语境表示失重，weigh对应名词weightlessness，故依次填weight；weightlessness。 7. At some point in the far future, we may find new resources in outer space. It might sound crazy, but our Earth may run out of resources.在遥远未来的某个时刻，我们或许能在外太空找到新资源。这听起来或许天方夜谭，但地球的资源总有耗尽的一天。 【详解】1. at some point在某个时刻、某一天 At some point in the far future, people may travel to other planets for vacation. 在遥远未来，人类或许能去其他行星度假。 2.  run out of 用完，耗尽 辨析：sb. run out of sth. 某人用光/耗尽某物（人作主语，主动语态） sth. run out 某物耗尽（物作主语，无被动）  I have run out of my pocket money. 我零花钱花光了。 Our food supplies ran out last night. 我们的食物补给昨晚耗尽了。 【典例】 徒步途中我们的饮用水喝完了。We ___________ drinking water during the hiking trip. 【答案】ran out of 【详解】句意：徒步途中我们的饮用水喝完了。主语是人，用run out of，表示“用完、耗尽”；句子描述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时，run过去式为ran，故填ran out of。 【即练】The natural resources on Earth will__________ one day. A. run out of B. run out C. run after D. run away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：地球上的自然资源总有一天会耗尽。 run out 主语为物，无被动语态，表示“被用完、耗尽”；run out of 主语只能是人，后必须接宾语；run after 追赶，run away 逃跑，均不符合句意。will后用动词原形，故为B。 8. In that case, a new home for us human beings will be needed. 在那种情况下，人类就会需要一个新家园。 In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. 万一旅行者1号被外星生命发现，飞船上搭载了一张存有地球声音与影像的特制唱片。 【详解】辨析In that case ，in case 1. in that case既然那样；在那种情况下（承接上文已提到的既定情况，顺势推出后续结论） It may rain heavily soon. In that case, we have to put off the outdoor sports meeting. 马上可能会下大雨，那样的话我们只能推迟室外运动会。 2. in case以防；免得；以防万一（提前做准备，规避后文可能发生的意外情况） I'm going there early in case there are too many people.我早点动身过去，免得人太多 【典例】A: I missed the last bus home. B: __________ you can stay at my house tonight. A. In case B. In that case C. In silence D. In person 【答案】B 【详解】句意：A：我错过了回家的末班车。B：既然那样，你今晚可以住在我家。 In case 以防；In that case 既然那样；In silence 沉默地；In person 亲自。结合语境选B，故为B。 【即练】随身带把伞，以防下雨。Take an umbrella with you __________ it rains. 【答案】in case 【详解】句意：随身带把伞，以防下雨。in case 引导目的状语从句，意为“以防，免得”，符合句子逻辑，故填in case。 9. This project will require students to do research on space exploration. 这个项目将要求学生开展关于太空探索的相关研究。 【详解】require /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ v.要求；需要 ①require sb. to do sth.要求某人去做某事 The teacher requires us to finish homework before dinner. 老师要求我们晚饭前写完作业。 ② require doing sth. 某物需要被……（主动表被动） The room requires cleaning.这间屋子需要打扫。 用法③ require + that从句（从句必须用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形，should可省略） The rule requires that everyone (should) wear safety helmets. 条例要求所有人都必须佩戴安全帽。 【典例】My mom requires me _________(wash) my own socks every evening. 【答案】to wash 【详解】句意：妈妈要求我每晚自己洗袜子。固定搭配require sb. to do sth.，意为要求某人做某事，不定式作宾语补足语，故填to wash。 【即练】 I am required ________( tidy) my bedroom every weekend. 【答案】to tidy 【详解】句意：我被要求每周末整理自己的卧室。固定结构be required to do sth.，表示被要求做某事，此处用动词不定式，故填to tidy。 10. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. 虽然这件事目前尚且无法实现，但随着各国与科学家携手合作，我们有望研发出必备技术。 【详解】 1. while 引导让步从句（高频考点） ① 让步：While..., …… 虽然……（本句用法） 例句：While I understand your idea, I still can’t agree. 虽然我理解你的想法，但我还是不能认同。 ② 时间状语：While I was reading, he came in. 我看书的时候，他走了进来。 2. with + 宾语 + doing（伴随状语） 宾语主动发出动作，用现在分词doing 例句：With the rain pouring down, we had to stay indoors. 大雨倾盆，我们只能待在屋里。 3. there is hope that… 存在……的希望 / 有望…… (=it is hoped that…) 例句：There is hope that we can finish the task ahead of schedule.我们有望提前完成任务。 4.短语 ①right now此刻，眼下，目前（多用于现在时） I’m doing my English homework right now. 我这会儿正在写英语作业。 我们眼下没法出门，雨下得太大了。 ② cooperate with sb. 与某人合作、协作 You need to cooperate with your deskmate to finish this group task. 你需要和同桌配合完成这项小组任务。 【典例1】We can’t go out_________ because it’s raining heavily. A. right now B. right away C. just now D. at once 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们此刻不能外出，因为雨下得很大。right now此刻、现在；right away和at once立刻、马上；just now刚才，用于一般过去时。结合语境是当下无法出门，故为A。 【典例2】. __________ I know it’s hard, I won’t give up. A. When B. While C. Since D. Before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然我知道这件事很难，但我不会放弃。while此处引导让步状语从句，意为虽然；when当……时；since自从、既然；before在……之前，均不符合让步逻辑，故为B。 【即练1】Different departments________each other to hold the school sports meeting. A. compare with B. compete with C. cooperate with D. deal with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：各个部门相互配合举办校运会。compare with与……对比；compete with与……竞争；cooperate with与……合作；deal with处理。举办运动会需要部门协作，故为C。 【即练2】________ the sun shining brightly, we went for a picnic. A.As B. Without C. For D.With 【答案】D 【详解】句意：阳光明媚，我们去野餐了。此处是with的复合结构with+宾语+现在分词作伴随状语；as引导从句，本句无完整从句；without语义相反；for不能构成该结构，故为D。 一、根据汉语提示，音标或首字母完成单词。 1. My grandma’s house is__________ /bɪˈjɒnd/ the river. 【答案】beyond 【详解】音标/bɪˈjɒnd/对应介词beyond，含义为在……另一边；句中指房子在河对岸，符合语境。 2. The astronaut finished his space _________(使命)successfully. 【答案】mission 【详解】名词mission表示使命，space mission为固定搭配太空任务，此处用单数即可。 3. They will l_________ a new satellite next month. 【答案】launch 【详解】结合句意“下月发射新卫星”和首字母l，launch意为发射；will后接动词原形，因此填launch。 4. _______ /taɪ/the instruments tightly before launching. 【答案】Tie 【详解】音标/taɪ/对应动词tie，意为捆紧、系牢；本句为祈使句，动词原形置于句首，首字母大写。 5. Experts study Mars _________ (地质) with rover data. 【答案】geology 【详解】geology是不可数名词，意思是地质，Mars geology火星地质，作study的宾语。 6. The communication __________(卫星)works 24 hours a day. 【答案】satellite 【详解】communication satellite通信卫星；谓语动词works是单数形式，主语satellite用单数。 7. They had to __________(取消) the rocket launch because of bad weather. 【答案】cancel 【详解】cancel意为取消；固定结构have to do sth.必须做某事，其后使用动词原形。 8. The spacecraft uses _________(太阳能的）panels to get power. 【答案】solar 【详解】形容词solar表示太阳能的，solar panels是固定短语太阳能电池板，修饰名词panels。 9. The powerful _________(火箭) carried the spacecraft into orbit. 【答案】rocket 【详解】rocket名词火箭；根据谓语carried可知主语为单数，直接填rocket。 10. The ___________(飞船)will travel to Proxima Centauri one day. 【答案】spaceship 【详解】spaceship名词飞船，在句中作主语，助动词will提示用单数形式。 二、 用所给单词适当形式填空。 1.Zhurong rover___________( success) landed on Mars in May 2021. 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：祝融号火星车于2021年5月成功登陆火星。空格修饰动词landed，需用副词，success的副词形式为successfully，故填successfully。 2.This__________(man) spaceship will carry three astronauts. 【答案】manned 【详解】句意：这艘载人飞船将搭载三名宇航员。形容词manned表示“载人的”，修饰名词spaceship，manned spaceship为固定搭配，故填manned。 3.Astronauts feel __________(weight)inside the orbiting craft. 【答案】weightless 【详解】句意：宇航员在轨道飞行器内处于失重状态。feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语，weightless意为失重的，符合语境，故填weightless。 4.We can track the satellite's __________(move)in real time. 【答案】movement 【详解】句意：我们可以实时追踪卫星的运行轨迹。名词所有格satellite's后接名词，move对应的名词movement表示移动、运行，故填movement。 5.It took him a long time to fall _________(sleep) on the spaceship. 【答案】asleep 【详解】句意：他在飞船上花了很久才睡着。固定短语fall asleep表示入睡，故填asleep。 6.If you don't rest well at night, you will feel________( sleep) in class during the day 【答案】sleepy 【详解】句意：如果你晚上休息不好，白天上课就会犯困。feel是系动词，后跟形容词，sleepy意为困倦的，故填sleepy。 7.That distant galaxy looks very ____________(mystery) to us. 【答案】mysterious 【详解】句意：那个遥远的星系对我们来说十分神秘。looks为系动词，后接形容词作表语，mystery的形容词形式是mysterious，故填mysterious。 8.The rover __________(complete) finished its surface survey task. 【答案】completely 【详解】句意：这辆火星车圆满完成了地表勘测任务。空格修饰动词finished，要用副词，complete的副词形式为completely，故填completely。 9.Great space discoveries start from rich __________(imagine). 【答案】imagination 【详解】句意：重大太空发现源于丰富的想象力。形容词rich后接名词，imagine对应的名词imagination表示想象力，为不可数名词，故填imagination。 10.We have high__________( expect) for the new launch mission. 【答案】expectations 【详解】句意：我们对这次新发射任务寄予很高期望。形容词high后接名词，expectation常用复数形式expectations表示多项期许，故填expectations。 11.The launch viewing area was ________(crowd) with visitors. 【答案】crowded 【详解】句意：发射观测区挤满了参观者。固定搭配be crowded with表示挤满，crowded是形容词，故填crowded。 12.The cakes ________ (make) by grandma taste sweet. 【答案】made 【详解】句意：奶奶做的蛋糕尝起来很甜。cakes和make是被动关系，过去分词作后置定语，make的过去分词是made，故填made。 13.A new playground _________ (build )in our school in the near future. 【答案】will be built 【详解】句意：不久我校将要新建一座操场。in the near future表将来，操场和建造是被动关系，一般将来时被动语态为will be+过去分词，build过去分词为built，故填will be built。 14.The bag that_________(buy) online is cheap. 【答案】was bought 【详解】句意：网上购买的这个包很便宜。包是被网购的，购买动作发生在过去，定语从句用一般过去时被动语态，主语bag为单数，故填was bought。 15.The homework should ______ (finish) on time. 【答案】be finished 【详解】句意：作业应当按时完成。作业和完成之间是被动关系，情态动词should后接be+过去分词构成被动语态，故填be finished。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子。 1.船上所有科研人员为成功入轨欢呼。 All scientists __________ cheered for the successful orbit entry. 【答案】on board 【详解】固定短语on board表示在航天器/船上，后置修饰主语scientists，符合句意。 2.我方实验室和国外机构协作研发卫星。 Our lab ____________ foreign institutes on satellite design. 【答案】cooperates with 【详解】cooperate with意为与……协作；本句表述常规事实，主语lab是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 3.人类1969年首次踏上月球。 Human beings first_________ the Moon in 1969. 【答案】set foot on 【详解】set foot on为固定搭配，踏上；时间状语in 1969为过去时间，set过去式不变。 4.我存了点零花钱，以备不时之需。 I saved some pocket money __________ I need it in an emergency. 【答案】in case 【详解】in case引导目的状语从句，含义是以防、以备，契合存钱应急的语境。 5.更多航天员将会被送往空间站。More astronauts ____________here. 【答案】will be sent to the space station 【详解】主语astronauts和send构成被动关系；将来时态被动结构为will be+过去分词，send过去分词是sent。四、阅读填空。 For 1._______ long time, scientists have known that the universe 2.________ (fill) with stars. In more recent times, 3._________, thousands of "4._________(exoplanet)" have also been discovered. These are planets that 5.________ (move) around stars — just like in our own solar system. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets 6._________( know) to us, and as technology improves, many more 7.________ (find). Some exoplanets are similar 8._______ Earth. They are of a similar size and temperature, and they might 9.________ (have) water. Scientists are excited about this. It 10.________ (think) that if there is water, there might also be alien life! 【答案】1.a 2.is filled 3.however 4.exoplanets 5.move 6.have been known 7.will be found 8.to 9.have 10.is thought 【解析】 【导语】1. 固定短语for a long time，是惯用搭配，表示很长一段时间。 2. be filled with为固定词组，含义是充满；宇宙布满恒星属于客观真理，时态用一般现在时，主语the universe为单数，be动词选用is。 3. 上下文存在语义转折关系，空格后有逗号分隔，转折副词however符合句式用法。 4. thousands of 后必须接可数名词复数形式，exoplanet需变换复数。 5. 定语从句先行词planets是复数，从句描述行星环绕恒星运转是客观常识，谓语动词用原形。 6. so far是现在完成时标志性时间状语；系外行星是被人类知晓，要用被动语态，主语为复数，现在完成时被动结构套用have been+过去分词。 7. 随着技术进步，更多系外行星将会被发现，表将来动作且主语和find构成被动关系，使用一般将来时被动语态。 8. similar to是固定搭配，意思是与……相似。 9. 情态动词might后面只能接动词原形。 10. It作形式主语，从句表达的观点是被人们所认为，采用被动语态；整句为常规观点表述，时态用一般现在时，主语it为单数。 1. 固定短语for a long time，是惯用搭配，表示很长一段时间。 2. be filled with为固定词组，含义是充满；宇宙布满恒星属于客观真理，时态用一般现在时，主语the universe为单数，be动词选用is。 3. 上下文存在语义转折关系，空格后有逗号分隔，转折副词however符合句式用法。 4. thousands of 后必须接可数名词复数形式，exoplanet需变换复数。 5. 定语从句先行词planets是复数，从句描述行星环绕恒星运转是客观常识，谓语动词用原形。 6. so far是现在完成时标志性时间状语；系外行星是被人类知晓，要用被动语态，主语为复数，现在完成时被动结构套用have been+过去分词。 7. 随着技术进步，更多系外行星将会被发现，表将来动作且主语和find构成被动关系，使用一般将来时被动语态。 8. similar to是固定搭配，意思是与……相似。 9. 情态动词might后面只能接动词原形。 10. It作形式主语，从句表达的观点是被人们所认为，采用被动语态；整句为常规观点表述，时态用一般现在时，主语it为单数。 五、单项选择 1.It sounded a ________ idea to explore exoplanets over 100 years ago. A.possible B. crazy C. stupid D. comfortable 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一百多年前，探索系外行星听起来是个疯狂的想法。possible可能的；crazy疯狂的；stupid愚蠢的；comfortable舒适的。百年前该设想难以实现，用crazy贴合语境，故为B。 2.Space travel _________ strict physical training. A. requires B. question C. repair D. allow 【答案】A 【详解】句意：太空旅行需要严苛的体能训练。require需要；question质疑；repair修理；allow允许。主语为单数，谓语用三单requires，故为A。 3.The magazine will _________ the space research report next week. A. publish B.punish C. doubt D. explore 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本杂志下周将刊登这份太空研究报告。publish刊登；punish惩罚；doubt怀疑；explore探索，will后接动词原形，故为A。 4.Take enough food and water on board _________ of emergency. A. in public B. in surprise C. in silence D.in case 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在飞行器上备好充足食物和水，以防出现紧急情况。in public公开地；in surprise惊讶地；in silence沉默地；in case of以防，固定搭配，故为D。 5.There are _________ stars in one single galaxy. A.billions of B. billion of C. two billions of D. two billions 【答案】A 【详解】句意：单个星系中有数十亿颗恒星。billion前有具体数字不加s、不加of；无数字时用billions of表示数十亿，故为A。 6.Many countries ________ in deep space exploration. A. compare B. compete C. operate D. cooperate 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多个国家在深空探索领域展开竞争。compare对比；compete竞争；operate操作；cooperate合作，结合各国航天领域相互角逐的背景选compete，故为B。 7.My __________ for the Spring Festival is just to stay with my whole family and eat dumplings together A. decision B. expectation C. discussion D. expression 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的春节期盼就是和全家人团聚，一起吃饺子。expectation意为期盼、愿望；decision决定；discussion讨论；expression表达，只有该项贴合语境。 8.Our teacher asked us to do a ________ about students' sleep time. A. homework B. survey C. experience D. volunteer 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师让我们做一项关于学生睡眠时间的调查。homework作业；survey调查；experience经历；volunteer志愿者。do a survey是固定搭配，意为做调查，符合语境，故为B。 9. It’s easy to ________ this new washing machine A. press B. operate C. own D. repair 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这台新洗衣机操作起来很简单。press按压；operate操作；own拥有；repair修理，故为B。 10. The toy car ______ by my brother broke down soon. A. buying B. bought C. buys D. buy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我弟弟买的那辆玩具车很快就坏了。toy car和buy是被动关系，过去分词bought作后置定语，故为B。 11.The hamburgers in that small shop ______ very well A. sell B. are selling C. are sold D. sold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那家小店的汉堡销路很好。sell well表示畅销，主动形式表被动含义，主语复数，一般现在时用sell，故为A。 12.The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never ________ by us. A. is forgotten B. forget C. be forgotten D. forgot 【答案】C 【详解】句意：小辉的故事十分感人，我们永远不会忘记它。it指代故事，和forget被动关系；will后接be+过去分词构成将来时被动语态，故为C。 13.1.—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I__________, I will go on time. A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——下周日你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查条件状语从句与被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；主语I与invite是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，用一般现在时的被动语态am invited。故选C 14.（2025·江西·中考真题）—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A. shows B. has shown C. is shown D. was shown 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出了。——哇！好消息。考查动词时态及被动语态。last month提示用一般过去时，瓷器被展出，应用被动语态。故选D。 15. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ every year. A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。 考查时态和语态。主语“more kinds of flowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选A。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $