Unit 7 Space exploration 教学学案（词汇+语法+阅读+听说测试）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了沪教版八年级下册Unit 7 The unknown world的核心内容，涵盖20个单词、20个短语、6个核心句型、词性转换及过去进行时语法，搭建从基础积累到综合写作应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“背诵-默写”双栏设计强化语言能力，如过去进行时模块对比基本结构与时间状语，培养思维品质。作文分基础与提升版模板，提供填空式默写框架，助力不同水平学生高效掌握，既方便学生自主复习，也为教师精准教学提供支持。

Unit seven, the unknown world 1. 模仿朗读，听一下短文一遍，给你50秒钟的时间准备。然后模仿朗读，当听到开始录音的信号后，立即在50秒钟内朗读短文。当听到要求停止录音的信号时，停止。朗读。请听录音。One day I was walking in the field. When I heard a strange noise from the sky. I looked up to see what was going on. AU, F, O. I saw AU, F, O flying in the sky. At the same time, I began to land in the field. Two aliens just came out. They had Green skin and Green eyes. They took out of something like a shovel. They dug the merge and put IT into a bag. After that, they came back to the U. F, O. And flew away. What an unforgettable experience I had. 下面你有50秒钟的时间准备。开始录音。停止。录音。2、信息获取。第一节听选信息听三段。对话，每段播放两遍。各段播放前你有10秒钟的阅题时间，各段播放后有两个问题，请根据所听到的问题选择正确的答案。听第一段对话，回答第1至2两个问题。现在你有10秒钟的阅题时间。Would you like to go to a movie with . me tonight? sure. I'd love to. What's the movie about? It's about wolves. That sounds interesting. What time shall we meet? What about half past seven this evening? Okay, no problem. Would you like to go to a movie with . me tonight? sure. I'd love to. What's the movie about? It's about wolves. That . sounds interesting. What time shall we meet? What about half past seven this evening? Okay, no problem. Question one, what's the movie about? What's the movie about? Question too, what time will . they meet? What time will they meet? 听第二段对话，回答第3至4两个问题。现在你有10秒钟的阅题时间。Hello, my name is rose. What's your name please? I'm Peter. Peter smith. Welcome to our class. Where are you from? I'm from england. Are you canadian? Yes, by the way, can you play football? No, I can't, but I can play basketball. Hello, my name is rose. What's your name please? I'm Peter. Peter smith. Welcome to our class. Where are you from? I'm from england. Are you canadian? Yes, by the way, can you play football? No, I can't, but I can play basketball. Question three, where is Peter from? Where is Peter from? Question for what can Peter play? What can Peter play? 听第三段对话，回答第5至6两个问题。现在你有10秒钟的。阅题时间。Hello, tina. Are you leaving for london? Yes, i'm leaving for london by air on April the first. How long are you staying there? Well, I will be back half a month later. Have a nice trip. Thank you. Hello, tina. Are you leaving for london? Yes, i'm leaving for london by air on April the first. How long are you staying there? Well, I will be back half a month later. Have a nice trip. Thank you. Question five, how will tina go . to london? How will . tina go to london? Question six, when may tina come back? When may tina . come back? 第二节回答问题，听下面一段短文录音播放两遍，请根据所听内容回答第7至14个问题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读。这四个问题。It's sunday tomorrow. My family are going to a village by bus. We are going there to help my uncle pick apples because there are many apple trees on my uncles farm. We need to get up early. My parents are going to buy cakes for my uncle. I like to work in the village every time we are tired, but we are happy. It's sunday tomorrow. My family are going to a village by bus. We are going there to help my uncle pick apples because there are many apple trees on my uncles farm. We need to get up barely. My parents are going to buy cakes for my uncle. I like to work in the village every time. We are tired, but we are happy. Question seven, what day is IT today? What day is IT today? Question eight, what are they going to do? What are they going to do? Question nine, how are they going there? How are they going there? Question ten, do they have a good time every time? Do they have a good time . every time? 3、信息转述及询问。第一节信息转述，你将听到一段关于寒假旅游计划的短文录音播放两遍。请根据所听到的内容记录思维导图提示的信息，在50秒钟内说一段话。转述这篇寒假旅游计划的内容，包含五个要点的内容。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读思维导图。Winter holiday is coming. My parents and die are going to travel to sanaa by plane, and we are going to spend the spring festival there. We'll stay in san ya for seven days. Sonya is a beautiful city. It's warm in winter. We can see the sea and enjoy the sunshine everywhere. Girls can even wear skirts there. We can also swimming the sea or play valley ball on the beach. It's really wonderful. Winter holiday is coming. My parents and die are going to travel to sanaa by plane, and we are going to spend the spring festival there. We'll stay in san ya for seven days. Sonya is a beautiful city. It's warm in winter. We can see the sea and enjoy the sunshine everywhere. Girls can even wear skirts there. We can also swimming the sea or play volleyball on the beach. It's really wonderful. 下面你有50秒钟的时间准备。开始录音。停止。录音。第二节。询问信息。你希望了解更多寒假旅游计划的信息，请根据以下提示向他提两个问题。每个问题有15秒钟的准备时间和8秒钟的提问时间，请你准备第一个问题。开始录音。停止。录音。请你准备第二个问题。开始录音。停止。录音。 最新沪教版八年级学习资料 八年级备课组 姓名： 班级： 沪教版八年级下册 Unit 7 Space exploration 听说 + 阅读 + Project 综合学案 【Part One 听说专项】 一、重点单词短语积累 核心单词（P7 Listening + P10 Speaking）： junk, satellite, orbit, rocket, spacecraft, astronaut, collision, debris, lecture, agency, track, risk, damage, oxygen, radiation, temperature, environment, likely, unlikely, possible, impossible, probable 核心短语（P7–P10）： space junk, fall back to, in orbit, man-made objects, make space missions dangerous, crash into, be likely to, It‘s possible to …, It’s impossible to …, It‘s unlikely that …, there is a good chance that …, I seriously doubt that 二、单词短语巩固练习 1. 根据首字母提示填空（P7 Listening + P10 Speaking 内容） (1) Space j______ refers to old satellites and broken rocket parts in orbit. (2) A small piece of junk can d______ a spacecraft because it travels very fast. (3) Scientists are t______ all large objects in space to avoid collisions. (4) If we don’t clean up space junk, future space m______ will be very dangerous. (5) The air on Mars is mostly CO₂, so there is very little o______. (6) The average s______ temperature on Mars is –63°C. (7) It is very l______ that humans will fly to Mars by the 2050s. (8) I s______ doubt that we can live on Mars without special equipment. 2. 英汉互译（P7–P10 核心表达） (1) 太空垃圾 __________________ (2) 在轨道上 __________________ (3) 使太空任务变得危险 __________________ (4) 很可能…… __________________ (5) 我严重怀疑 __________________ (6) 有可能…… __________________ (7) 不可能…… __________________ 三、深圳中考听说模拟套题（Unit 7 主题） 一、模仿朗读 听以下短文一遍，给你50秒钟的时间准备，然后模仿朗读。 One day, I was walking in the field when I heard a strange noise from the sky. I looked up to see what was going on, a UFO! I saw a UFO flying in the sky. At the same time, it began to land in the field. Two aliens just came out. They had green skin and green eyes. They took out of something like a shovel (铲子), they dug some earth and put it into a bag. After that they came back to the UFO and flew away. What an unforgettable experience I had! 二、信息获取 第一节 听选信息 听第一段对话，回答第1–2题。 (  ) 1. What’s the movie about? A. It’s about dolphins. B. It’s about blue whales. C. It’s about wolves. (  ) 2. What time will they meet? A. At 5:30. B. At 6:30. C. At 7:30. 听第二段对话，回答第3–4题。 (  ) 3. Where is Peter from? A. England. B. Canada. C. Australia. (  ) 4. What can Peter play? A. Football. B. Basketball. C. Tennis. 听第三段对话 回答第5–6题。 (  ) 5. How will Tina go to London? A. By ship. B. By train. C. By plane. (  ) 6. When may Tina come back? A. On April 1st. B. On April 15th. C. On May 1st. 第二节 回答问题（根据 P13–14 Focusing on culture 天宫文章） 听下面一段关于中国天宫空间站的短文，回答第7–10题。 (  ) 7. What day is it today? A. Friday. B. Saturday. C. Sunday. (  ) 8. What are they going to do? A. Pick apples. B. Pick pears. C. Pick oranges. (  ) 9. How are they going there? A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot. (  ) 10. Do they have a good time every time? A. Yes, they do. B. No, they don’t. C. We don’t know. 三、信息转述及询问 第一节 信息转述（基于 P13–14 Tiangong 文章） 你将听到一段关于寒假旅游计划的短文，录音播放两遍。请根据所听到的内容，记录思维导图提示的信息，在50秒钟内说一段话转述这篇寒假旅游计划的内容，包含五个要点的内容。思维导图： 你可以这样开始：The speaker is going to .... 第二节 询问信息 11. 你想知道他们什么时候出发，你问： Answer: ________________________________________________________________ 12. 你想知道他们将住在哪里，你问： Answer: ________________________________________________________________ 【Part Two Focusing on culture】 一、原文展示（P110–113 Tiangong: China‘s space station — 完整植入） Tiangong: China’s space station Chinese people have long dreamt of exploring space. In 2022, China finished building a space station called Tiangong (“Heavenly Palace”). The name comes from ancient Chinese legends about the sky. The most important part of Tiangong space station is called Tianhe (“Harmony of Heavens”). It was sent into space on 29 April 2021. Just a few weeks after it arrived at its destination, Tianhe got its first visitor — the Tianzhou-2 spacecraft. The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, tools and supplies for the astronauts. At this point, the space station was ready to receive human visitors. Seven weeks later, the first three astronauts arrived at Tianhe on Shenzhou-12. The crew spent three months testing equipment and preparing it for future astronauts. Since then, several more Shenzhou crews have visited Tiangong, and two more lab modules (Wentian and Mengtian) have been added. Astronauts on space missions are always very busy. They need to do important experiments and collect scientific data. But it is definitely an amazing experience. The astronauts get to go on spacewalks, and they can see the sun rise 16 times in one day because Tiangong travels at about 28,000 kilometres an hour. That means it only takes about 90 minutes to go around the Earth! At a height of about 400 kilometres above the Earth, Tiangong passes across the sky. We do not need any special tools to see it: the space station can be seen from most parts of the world with the naked eye. If you know when and where to look, you will see a tiny shiny object moving across the night sky. China‘s first-ever spacewalk was about 20 minutes long and was performed by Zhai Zhigang in 2008. On 4 July 2021, the first spacewalk outside the Tiangong space station was performed by Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo. Their spacewalk lasted 6 hours and 46 minutes. 二、词汇积累 - legend n. 传说 - module n. 舱；模块 - deliver v. 运送 - supply n.（常用复数 supplies）物资 - data n. 数据 - naked eye 肉眼 - spacewalk n. 太空行走 三、阅读理解选择题（5题，中考题型） ( ) 1. What does the name “Tiangong” come from? A. A modern scientist. B. Ancient Chinese legends about the sky. C. A famous movie. D. The name of a rocket. ( ) 2. Which spacecraft first visited Tianhe? A. Shenzhou-12. B. Tianzhou-2. C. Shenzhou-10. D. Tianwen-1. ( ) 3. How long did the first Tiangong spacewalk last? A. 20 minutes. B. 6 hours and 46 minutes. C. 3 months. D. 90 minutes. ( ) 4. Why can astronauts see the sun rise 16 times a day on Tiangong? A. Because Tiangong travels very slowly. B. Because Tiangong goes around the Earth every 90 minutes. C. Because there is no night in space. D. Because the sun is closer to Tiangong. ( ) 5. What does the underlined phrase “with the naked eye” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. 用望远镜 B. 用肉眼 C. 用显微镜 D. 用眼镜 四、句子翻译（3题） 1. The name comes from ancient Chinese legends about the sky. 译文：________________________________________________________________ 2. The crew spent three months testing equipment and preparing it for future astronauts. 译文：________________________________________________________________ 3. If you know when and where to look, you will see a tiny shiny object moving across the night sky. 译文：________________________________________________________________ 【 Part Three Cross-curricular connection】 一、原文展示（P15 BDS — BeiDou Navigation Satellite System — 完整植入） What is BDS? BDS, officially known as the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, is one of the global navigation satellite systems. How does BDS work? - BDS is a group of satellites in orbit around the Earth. - Each satellite sends radio signals to the Earth with information. The signals answer two important questions: “Where in space is the satellite?” and “When did the signal leave the satellite?” - The radio signal travels through space at the speed of light — that is 299,792 kilometres a second! - Back here on Earth, your phone receives the signal and compares it to the exact time of arrival. The phone then calculates how far it is from the satellite. - One satellite is not enough. Your phone needs information from four satellites to calculate your location. It does this all the time. So, when we use a BDS device, we won‘t get lost. What’s special about BDS? We can also use BDS for two-way communication. In areas without any mobile network, people can send text messages through BeiDou satellites. How do we use BDS? If your phone supports BDS, it will automatically pick the navigation system with the best signal at the time. Can we use BDS outside China? Yes, we can use BDS outside China, but its accuracy is higher in China and the Asia-Pacific region. 二、词汇积累 - officially adv. 正式地 - navigation n. 导航 - signal n. 信号 - calculate v. 计算 - two-way communication 双向通信 - accuracy n. 精确度 - Asia-Pacific region 亚太地区 三、阅读理解选择题（5题，中考题型） ( ) 1. What does BDS stand for? A. British Defence System. B. BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. C. Big Data Service. D. Basic Direction System. ( ) 2. How fast does the radio signal from a BDS satellite travel? A. 299,792 km/h. B. 299,792 km/s. C. 28,000 km/h. D. 28,000 km/s. ( ) 3. How many satellites does your phone need to calculate your location? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. ( ) 4. What is special about BDS compared to some other navigation systems? A. It only works in China. B. It supports two-way communication. C. It uses only one satellite. D. It cannot send text messages. ( ) 5. Where is BDS more accurate? A. In Europe. B. In Africa. C. In China and the Asia-Pacific region. D. In North America. 四、句子翻译（3题） 1. The radio signal travels through space at the speed of light. 译文：________________________________________________________________ 2. In areas without any mobile network, people can send text messages through BeiDou satellites. 译文：________________________________________________________________ 3. If your phone supports BDS, it will automatically pick the navigation system with the best signal at the time. 译文：________________________________________________________________ 【 Part Four Project 作业设计】 主题：Making a poster about China‘s latest space missions（制作中国最新太空任务海报） 作业要求 1. 小组合作（3–4人）： - Step 1：选择一个中国太空任务（如：嫦娥五号、天问一号、神舟十六号、天宫空间站等）。 - Step 2：收集相关信息：发射时间、任务目标、主要成就、有趣的事实。 - Step 3：设计一张A3大小的海报，包含标题、图片、时间线、关键数据和成果。 - Step 4：准备1分钟英语口头展示，向全班介绍你们的海报。 2. 个人写作任务： 写一段80–100词的短文，说明你为什么选择这个任务以及它对中国太空探索的意义。 参考任务示例 | Mission | Launch Date | Key Achievement | |---------|-------------|------------------| | Tianwen-1 | 23 July 2020 | First Mars mission to orbit, land and deploy a rover in one try | | Chang‘e-5 | 23 November 2020 | Returned 1.731 kg of lunar samples | | Shenzhou-16 | 30 May 2023 | First civilian astronaut to Tiangong | | Tiangong space station | 2022 (completed) | China’s permanent space station | 【 Part Five 中考综合巩固练习】 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. There are millions of pieces of space ______ (junk) in orbit. 2. Scientists are looking for ways ______ (clean) up space debris. 3. The astronauts ______ (have) a team meeting at 8:00 last night. 4. Tianhe ______ (send) into space on 29 April 2021. 5. Astronauts need ______ (exercise) every day to slow down muscle loss. 6. The spacewalk outside Tiangong ______ (last) 6 hours and 46 minutes. 7. If we don‘t solve the space junk problem, future missions ______ (become) very dangerous. 8. The name “Tiangong” ______ (come) from ancient Chinese legends. 9. It is an ______ (amaze) experience to see the Earth from space. 10. Your phone needs ______ (calculate) your location using four satellites. 二、单项选择（8题） ( ) 1. The plane ______ at 8 a.m. and arrived in Beijing two hours later. A. took up B. took off C. took away D. took out ( ) 2. My grandfather ______ smoke a lot, but now he has given it up. A. used to B. was used to C. got used to D. is used to ( ) 3. We ______ make any mistakes during the spacewalk. A. can afford to B. can‘t afford to C. are able to D. would like to ( ) 4. The sleeping bag is stuck ______ the wall to stop floating around. A. on B. to C. in D. at ( ) 5. I’m sorry I took your pen ______. They look exactly the same. A. by mistake B. by accident C. on purpose D. by the way ( ) 6. The exercise equipment in space is ______ that on Earth. A. the same as B. similar to C. different from D. as good as ( ) 7. While we ______ into space, ground control was following us closely. A. travel B. travelled C. were travelling D. are travelling ( ) 8. If you ______ exercise, you ______ very weak when you return to Earth. A. don‘t; will be B. won’t; are C. didn‘t; were D. aren’t; will be 三、完形填空（太空垃圾与探索） Do you know that there is a lot of junk in space? Space junk includes old satellites, broken rocket parts, and even tools 1 by astronauts. These objects 2 around the Earth at very high speeds. 3 a tiny piece of paint can damage a spaceship. Scientists are very 4 about space junk. If a satellite 5 a piece of junk, it could break into many more pieces. This could cause a chain 6 called the Kessler Syndrome. Many countries are trying to 7 ways to clean up space junk. Some ideas include 8 nets or harpoons to catch the debris. Others want to use magnets to pull metal junk 9 the atmosphere, where it will burn up. 10 we do not solve this problem, space exploration may become too dangerous in the future. ( ) 1. A. drop B. dropped C. dropping D. drops ( ) 2. A. travel B. travels C. travelled D. travelling ( ) 3. A. Even B. So C. But D. Or ( ) 4. A. happy B. excited C. worried D. surprised ( ) 5. A. hits B. hit C. will hit D. is hitting ( ) 6. A. action B. reaction C. event D. result ( ) 7. A. find B. found C. finding D. finds ( ) 8. A. use B. to use C. using D. used ( ) 9. A. into B. out C. off D. from ( ) 10. A. If B. Unless C. Because D. Although 四、阅读还原（原创主题：Tiangong space station） Tiangong: China’s Space Station Chinese people have long dreamt of exploring space. In 2022, China finished building a space station called Tiangong (“Heavenly Palace”). 1 The most important part of Tiangong is called Tianhe (“Harmony of Heavens”). It was sent into space on 29 April 2021. 2 The spacecraft delivered fuel, equipment, and supplies for the astronauts. Seven weeks later, the first three astronauts arrived on Shenzhou-12. Astronauts on Tiangong are always very busy. 3 They also go on spacewalks to check the outside of the station. 4 For example, they have to stick their sleeping bags to the wall and eat special food. But they say the experience is unforgettable. China plans to keep Tiangong running for about ten years. 5 Many countries have shown interest in working with China on space science. A. Living in space is not easy. B. Tiangong is China‘s first long-term space station. C. Just a few weeks later, Tianzhou-2 became its first visitor. D. It will be used for scientific research and international cooperation. E. The astronauts spent three months testing equipment. F. They need to do experiments, repair machines, and keep the station safe. 沪教版八年级下册 Unit 7 综合学案 全答案+解析 Part One 听说专项 二、单词短语巩固练习 1. 首字母填空 (1) junk (2) damage (3) tracking (4) missions (5) oxygen (6) surface (7) likely (8) seriously 2. 英汉互译 (1) space junk (2) in orbit (3) make space missions dangerous (4) It‘s very likely that ... (5) I seriously doubt that (6) It’s possible to ... (7) It‘s impossible to ... 三、听说模拟题答案 听选信息：1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 回答问题：7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A 信息转述参考： The speaker is going to Sanya with her parents for the winter holiday. They will go there by plane. They will spend the Spring Festival there. They will stay there for seven days. Sanya is a beautiful city and it’s warm in winter. They can see the sea and enjoy the sunshine everywhere. Besides, they can swim in the sea and play volleyball on the beach. 询问信息： 11. When will you set off?  12. Where will you live/stay? Part Two Focusing on culture 三、阅读理解选择题 1. B（名字来源于中国古代天空传说） 2. B（天舟二号首先到访） 3. B（6小时46分钟） 4. B（每90分钟绕地球一圈） 5. B（with the naked eye = 用肉眼） 四、句子翻译 1. 这个名字来源于中国古代关于天空的传说。 2. 宇航员们花了三个月时间测试设备并为未来的宇航员做准备。 3. 如果你知道何时何地观看，你会看到一个小小的闪亮物体划过夜空。 Part Three Cross-curricular connection 三、阅读理解选择题 1. B（北斗卫星导航系统） 2. B（299,792公里/秒） 3. D（需要四颗卫星） 4. B（支持双向通信） 5. C（在中国和亚太地区更精确） 四、句子翻译 1. 无线电信号以光速在太空中传播。 2. 在没有移动网络的地区，人们可以通过北斗卫星发送短信。 3. 如果你的手机支持北斗，它会自动选择当时信号最好的导航系统。 Part Four Project（无统一答案） Part Five 中考综合巩固练习 一、词形填空 1. junk（不可数） 2. to clean（way to do sth.） 3. were having（过去进行时） 4. was sent（被动语态） 5. to exercise（need to do） 6. lasted（一般过去时） 7. will become（if 主将从现） 8. comes（一般现在时） 9. amazing（形容词） 10. to calculate（need to do） 二、单项选择 1. B（take off 起飞） 2. A（used to do 过去常常） 3. B（can‘t afford to 承担不起） 4. B（stick to） 5. A（by mistake 错误地） 6. C（different from） 7. C（while + 过去进行） 8. A（if 主将从现） 三、完形填空 1. B（dropped by astronauts 过去分词作定语） 2. A（一般现在时，主语复数） 3. A（Even 甚至） 4. C（worried about） 5. A（一般现在时表条件） 6. B（chain reaction） 7. A（try to find） 8. C（including using 动名词） 9. A（pull into the atmosphere） 10. A（If） 四、阅读还原 1. B（介绍天宫） 2. C（天舟二号首先到访） 3. F（宇航员的工作） 4. A（太空生活不容易） 5. D（用于科研与国际合作） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $最新沪教版八年级学习资料 八年级备课组 姓名： 班级： 沪教版八年级下册 Unit 7 Space exploration 语法讲解与巩固学案 核心语法：过去进行时（The Past Continuous） 【 Part 1 语法核心知识总结（课本P8–P9原句梳理）】 本单元核心语法为过去进行时，基本形式是 was/were + 动词-ing，表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时常与 when / while 连用，描述一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行，或两个动作同时发生。此外，部分动词（如 think, hope, wonder）的过去进行时可表委婉语气。本语法点是中考单选、语法填空、句型转换的高频考点。 考点1 过去进行时的基本结构 主语 肯定形式 否定形式 I / He / She / It was + doing/ was not (wasn‘t) + doing You / We / They were + doing were not (weren’t) + doing 疑问句形式：Was/Were + 主语 + doing？ 课本原句溯源（P8） 1. We were waiting for instructions from ground control. 2. We were travelling so fast — it only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. 3. At first, it was a shock to my body. I wasn‘t feeling great. 中考考点：判断何时用过去进行时（过去某一时刻正在进行的动作），标志词包括：at 8:00 last night, at that time, at this time yesterday, from 7 to 9 last night等。 考点2 过去进行时的基本用法 核心规则 1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 - What were you doing at 8:00 last night?（昨晚8点你在做什么？） 2. 表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作 - I was reading a book from 7 to 9 last night.（昨晚7点到9点我在读书。） 3. 描述过去的背景或场景（用于故事开头） - The sun was shining, and birds were singing.（太阳正照耀着，鸟儿在歌唱。） 4. 与 always 连用，表示过去反复发生的情感色彩（如厌倦、赞赏等） - He was always leaving his things everywhere.（他过去总是把东西到处乱放。——表不满） 课本原句溯源（P8） - We were waiting for instructions from ground control.（背景描述） - At first, it was a shock to my body. I wasn’t feeling great.（过去某一时刻的状态） 考点3 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 时态 用法 例句 过去进行时 强调动作在过去某一时刻正在进行（未完成） I was doing my homework at 8 p.m. last night. 一般过去时 强调动作在过去发生并已完成 I finished my homework at 8 p.m. last night. 课本原句溯源（P8–P9） 过去进行时：We were travelling so fast — it only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. （travel 是正在进行的动作，take 是短暂完成的动作） 中考高频考点： - 当一个短暂动作（一般过去时）发生在一个持续动作（过去进行时）过程中时，短暂动作用一般过去时，持续动作用过去进行时。 - 常见搭配：when + 一般过去时（突然发生），while + 过去进行时（持续进行） 考点4 过去进行时与 when / while 连用 核心规则：when 后通常接一般过去时（短暂动作），主句用过去进行时；while 后通常接过去进行时（持续动作），强调两个动作同时发生。 课本原句溯源（P8） While we were travelling into space, ground control was following us closely on the screens. （当我们正在太空中旅行时，地面控制中心正在屏幕上紧密追踪我们。） 结构总结： 句型： 主句（过去进行时）+ when + 从句（一般过去时） 用法：一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生 例句：I was sleeping when the phone rang. 主句（一般过去时）+ while + 从句（过去进行时） 用法：一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行 例句：The phone rang while I was sleeping. 主句：（过去进行时）+ while + 从句（过去进行时） 用法：两个动作同时进行 例句：While I was reading, my brother was watching TV. [考点5 不能用过去进行时的动词] 核心规则 以下动词一般不用于进行时，因为它们本身表达的是状态而非动作：感官动词（see, hear, smell, taste, feel）、心理状态动词（know, believe, think, want, wish, hope, like, love, hate）、所属关系动词（have, own, belong to）、存在状态动词（be, exist, contain） 课本相关语境（虽然原文未直接出现，但中考必考） - ❌ I was knowing the answer.（错误） - ✅ I knew the answer.（正确） - ❌ I was wanting to go to space.（错误） - ✅ I wanted to go to space.（正确） 注意：部分动词（如 think, hope, wonder）可用于过去进行时表委婉语气，属于中考高阶考点。 考点6 过去进行时的标志词（中考高频） 核心规则 中考中，出现以下时间状语时，优先考虑使用过去进行时： 标志词 · at + 具体时间点 + 过去时间 at 8 o’clock last night · at this/that time + 过去时间 at that time yesterday · from + 时间点1 + to + 时间点2 + 过去时间 from 7 to 9 last night · when + 一般过去时（主句用过去进行时） when the phone rang · while + 过去进行时 while I was reading 【 Part 2 基础巩固习题（分题型，紧扣课本+中考基础考点）】 题型1 用所给动词的适当形式填空（过去进行时基础题，20空） （A）根据时间状语填空（10空） 1. At 8 o‘clock last night, I ______ (do) my homework. 2. They ______ (play) football from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon. 3. She ______ (not sleep) at that time last night. 4. What ______ you ______ (do) at 9 a.m. yesterday? 5. We ______ (have) an English class at this time yesterday. 6. He ______ (wait) for the bus when it started to rain. 7. The students ______ (prepare) for the exam from 7 to 9 last night. 8. I ______ (read) a book when the light went out. 9. They ______ (not watch) TV at 8 o‘clock last night. 10. ______ your father ______ (work) at that time? （B）课本改编填空（课本P8语法练习改编，10空） A Russian satellite and an American satellite (1) ______ (crash) into each other on 11 February 2009. The crash (2) ______ (create) two large clouds of junk. When the crash happened, both satellites (3) ______ (travel) very fast. Although space agencies (4) ______ (track) all objects larger than a football, they didn’t notice that the two satellites (5) ______ (move) towards each other. Last Saturday, I (6) ______ (watch) a documentary about space exploration. While I (7) ______ (watch), my friend (8) ______ (call) me. He (9) ______ (ask) me what I (10) ______ (do) at that moment. 题型2 单项选择（20题） ( ) 1. I ______ a shower at 8 o‘clock last night. A. took B. was taking C. am taking D. take ( ) 2. They ______ football when it started to rain. A. play B. played C. were playing D. are playing ( ) 3. What ______ you ______ at this time yesterday? A. did; do B. were; doing C. are; doing D. do; do ( ) 4. She ______ sleeping when I came in. A. is B. was C. were D. are ( ) 5. While we ______ dinner, the doorbell rang. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having ( ) 6. He ______ his homework from 7 to 9 last night. A. did B. was doing C. does D. is doing ( ) 7. The baby ______ when her mother came back. A. cried B. was crying C. cries D. is crying ( ) 8. —What did the teacher say? —Sorry, I ______ about something else. A. thought B. was thinking C. am thinking D. think ( ) 9. I ______ a book when the light went out. A. read B. was reading C. am reading D. reads ( ) 10. They ______ TV at 8:30 last night. A. didn‘t watch B. weren’t watching C. don‘t watch D. aren’t watching ( ) 11. While I ______ home, I met an old friend. A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walking ( ) 12. She ______ her room when her mother came in. A. cleans B. is cleaning C. was cleaning D. cleaned ( ) 13. What ______ they ______ at 10 a.m. yesterday? A. are; doing B. did; do C. were; doing D. do; do ( ) 14. I ______ to my friend at that time last night. A. talk B. talked C. was talking D. am talking ( ) 15. The boys ______ games while the girls ______ songs. A. played; sang B. were playing; were singing C. play; sing D. are playing; are singing ( ) 16. She ______ her mother at home at this time yesterday. A. helps B. helped C. was helping D. is helping ( ) 17. —I called you at 7 o‘clock but no one answered. —Oh, I ______ a shower. A. took B. was taking C. take D. am taking ( ) 18. He ______ always ______ his keys at home when he was young. A. was; leaving B. is; leaving C. did; leave D. does; leave ( ) 19. While we ______ into space, ground control ______ us closely. A. travelled; followed B. were travelling; was following C. travel; follow D. are travelling; are following ( ) 20. I ______ great at that time because I had just lost my pet. A. wasn‘t feeling B. didn’t feel C. don‘t feel D. am not feeling 题型3 句型转换（中考经典题型，10题，侧重过去进行时的转换） 1. I was doing my homework at 8 o’clock last night.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ doing your homework at 8 o‘clock last night? 2. They were playing basketball on the playground at that time.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ basketball at that time? 3. She was reading a book when I called her.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ a book when I called her. 4. He was sleeping at 10 o’clock last night.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ he ______ at 10 o‘clock last night? 5. The phone rang. I was watching TV.（合并为一句，用when） I ______ ______ TV ______ the phone ______. 6. The teacher came in. We were talking.（合并为一句，用while） ______ we ______ ______, the teacher came in. 7. We were having dinner at 7 p.m. yesterday.（改为否定句） We ______ ______ dinner at 7 p.m. yesterday. 8. She was doing the dishes when her mother returned.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ she ______ when her mother returned? 9. They were singing songs from 7 to 8 last night.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ songs from 7 to 8 last night? 10. I was waiting for the bus when it started to rain.（改为同义句，用while） ______ I ______ ______ for the bus, it started to rain. 【Part 3 能力提升习题】 题型1 语法填空（10空，贴合本单元话题“太空探索”，中考必考题型） Last Sunday, I (1) ______ (watch) a documentary about space exploration. At that time, my little brother (2) ______ (ask) me, “What (3) ______ astronauts ______ (do) on the space station?” I told him that astronauts (4) ______ (live) and (5) ______ (work) in a special environment. While we (6) ______ (talk), a scientist on TV (7) ______ (say) that space junk (8) ______ (become) a serious problem. He explained that when a satellite (9) ______ (crash) into junk, both the satellite and the junk (10) ______ (break) into many pieces. My brother was very interested and decided to learn more about space. 题型2 短文改错（10处错误，侧重过去进行时的误用，中考难点题型） Last night, I was study English at 8 o‘clock. 1. ______ Suddenly, my friend Li Ming call me. 2. ______ When I heard the phone ring, I was picking it up. 3. ______ He ask me what I was doing at that time. 4. ______ I told him that I was prepare for the English test. 5. ______ He said he were doing his math homework. 6. ______ While we talked, the line suddenly went dead. 7. ______ I tried to call him back, but he didn’t answer. I thought he was turn off his phone. 8. ______ While I was wondering what happen, he called me again. 9. ______ He said his phone was run out of power. 10. ______ 题型3 完成句子（中译英，10句，结合本单元话题+过去进行时用法） 1. 昨天晚上8点，我正在看电视。 I ______ ______ TV at 8 o‘clock last night. 2. 当电话铃响的时候，我正在睡觉。 I ______ ______ when the phone ______. 3. 昨天这个时候你在做什么？ What ______ you ______ at this time yesterday? 4. 从晚上7点到9点，他们正在为考试做准备。 They ______ ______ for the exam ______ 7 to 9 last night. 5. 当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论问题。 The students ______ ______ problems when the teacher ______ in. 6. 昨天下午3点，我没有在打篮球。 I ______ ______ basketball at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 7. 我正在过马路时，一辆车突然出现了。 While I ______ ______ the road, a car suddenly ______. 8. 昨天这个时候，他们正在太空站工作。 They ______ ______ on the space station at this time yesterday. 9. 当事故发生时，两颗卫星都在高速飞行。 When the accident happened, both satellites ______ ______ very fast. 10. 昨天一整天都在下雨。 It ______ ______ all day yesterday. 【 Part 4 阅读提升】 题型1 阅读理解（过去进行时语境阅读） A Memorable Day in Space Last Friday was a very special day for me. At 8 a.m., I was preparing for my first spacewalk. I was feeling a little nervous but also very excited. While I was putting on my spacesuit, my commander came in and encouraged me. At 9 a.m., I was walking out of the space station. At that moment, the Earth was shining brightly below me. It was the most beautiful thing I had ever seen. While I was working outside, a piece of space junk suddenly flew by. It was very close! I was trying to stay calm. At 3 p.m., I was returning to the station. My teammates were waiting for me. They were smiling and clapping. I felt very proud. I will never forget this day. ( ) 1. What was the writer doing at 8 a.m. last Friday? A. He was walking in space. B. He was preparing for his spacewalk. C. He was sleeping. D. He was talking to his commander. ( ) 2. What happened while the writer was working outside? A. His commander came out. B. A piece of space junk flew by. C. He lost his tool. D. The space station broke. ( ) 3. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. The spacesuit. B. The space junk. C. The Earth. D. The space station. ( ) 4. How did the writer feel at the end of the day? A. Nervous. B. Afraid. C. Proud. D. Tired. ( ) 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer was not well-trained. B. Spacewalks are always safe. C. The writer enjoyed his spacewalk experience. D. The writer will never go on a spacewalk again. 语法考点标注（文中过去进行时，供课后分析） 1. I was preparing for my first spacewalk.（过去进行时：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作） 2. I was feeling a little nervous but also very excited.（状态动词的过去进行时） 3. While I was putting on my spacesuit, my commander came in.（while + 过去进行时，when + 一般过去时） 4. I was walking out of the space station.（过去进行时） 5. the Earth was shining brightly below me.（过去进行时描述背景） 6. While I was working outside, a piece of space junk suddenly flew by.（while + 过去进行时，一般过去时） 7. I was trying to stay calm.（过去进行时） 8. I was returning to the station.（过去进行时） 9. My teammates were waiting for me. They were smiling and clapping.（过去进行时描述场景） 题型2 任务型阅读（根据表格，用过去进行时回答问题） Astronauts‘ Schedule on 15 May 2024 Time Activity 7:00–8:00 have breakfast 8:00–10:00 do scientific experiments 10:00–12:00 repair equipment 12:00–13:00 have lunch 13:00–14:00 rest 14:00–15:30 spacewalk (Commander Li) 15:30–17:00 communicate with ground control 17:00–18:00 exercise 18:00–19:00 have dinner 19:00–20:00 team meeting 20:00–21:00 talk to family 21:00–22:00 prepare reports 22:00 go to bed 根据表格内容，用过去进行时回答以下问题： 1. What was Commander Li doing at 8:30 a.m.? ________________________________________________________________ 2. What were the astronauts doing at 11:00 a.m.? ________________________________________________________________ 3. What was Commander Li doing at 2:30 p.m.? ________________________________________________________________ 4. What were the astronauts doing at 7:30 p.m.? ________________________________________________________________ 5. What were the astronauts doing at 10:30 p.m.? ________________________________________________________________ 【 Part 5 语法与写作融合（本单元话题写作，过去进行时考点运用）】 写作要求 本单元写作话题为 “描述一次难忘的经历（太空相关或过去进行时描述）”，请根据提示，写一篇80–100词的短文，描述 昨天你观看太空纪录片时的经历，文中至少运用5处过去进行时，贴合中考写作要求。 提示： 1. 观看时间：昨晚8点 2. 观看内容：关于中国天宫空间站的纪录片 3. 观看过程中发生的事情：朋友打电话来、妈妈叫你吃饭等 4. 观看后的感受 写作思路点拨（过去进行时考点融入） 1. 开头：描述昨晚8点正在做什么（过去进行时） - At 8 o‘clock last night, I was watching a documentary about China’s Tiangong space station. 2. 中间：描述观看过程中发生的事情（过去进行时 + when/while） - While I was watching, my friend called me. - I was telling him about the spacewalk when my mother asked me to have dinner. 3. 结尾：描述当时的感受（过去进行时或一般过去时） - I was feeling very excited because I learned a lot about space. - I will never forget that evening. 范文参考（标注过去进行时考点） An Unforgettable Evening At 8 o‘clock last night, I was watching a wonderful documentary about China’s Tiangong space station. While I was enjoying the amazing view of the Earth from space, my friend Li Ming called me. He was also watching the same programme at home! We were talking about the astronauts‘ life when my mother asked me to come for dinner. After dinner, I was thinking about how hard the astronauts work in space. I was feeling so proud of our country. I will never forget that evening because it made me dream of becoming an astronaut. 沪教版八下 Unit 7 过去进行时语法学案 全答案+详细解析 Part 2 基础巩固习题 题型1 用所给动词的适当形式填空 （A）根据时间状语填空 1. was doing（at 8 o‘clock last night 具体时间点） 2. were playing（from 3 to 5 时间段） 3. wasn’t sleeping（at that time 具体时间点） 4. were; doing（at 9 a.m. yesterday 具体时间点） 5. were having（at this time yesterday 具体时间点） 6. was waiting（when引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 7. were preparing（from 7 to 9 时间段） 8. was reading（when引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 9. weren‘t watching（at 8 o’clock 具体时间点） 10. Was; working（疑问句，过去进行时） （B）课本改编填空 1. crashed（一般过去时，描述过去发生的事实） 2. created（一般过去时，描述过去发生的事实） 3. were travelling（when引导的从句，强调正在进行的动作） 4. were tracking（although引导的从句，过去进行时） 5. were moving（过去进行时，强调正在发生） 6. was watching（过去进行时） 7. was watching（while引导的从句，过去进行时） 8. called（一般过去时，短暂动作） 9. asked（一般过去时） 10. was doing（宾语从句，过去进行时） 题型2 单项选择 1. B（at 8 o‘clock last night 过去进行时标志） 2. C（when引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 3. B（at this time yesterday 过去进行时标志） 4. B（when引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 5. C（while引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 6. B（from 7 to 9 last night 时间段，过去进行时） 7. B（when引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 8. B（描述当时正在思考的状态） 9. B（when引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 10. B（at 8:30 last night 具体时间点） 11. C（while引导的从句用过去进行时） 12. C（when引导的从句，主句用过去进行时） 13. C（at 10 a.m. yesterday 具体时间点） 14. C（at that time 过去进行时标志） 15. B（while引导的两个同时进行的动作） 16. C（at this time yesterday 具体时间点） 17. B（at 7 o‘clock 具体时间点） 18. A（was always leaving 表过去反复发生，含情感色彩） 19. B（while引导的两个同时进行的动作） 20. A（at that time 过去进行时标志，wasn’t feeling 表状态） 题型3 句型转换 1. Were you（一般疑问句将 was/were 提前） 2. Where were; playing（对地点提问） 3. wasn‘t reading（否定句加 not） 4. What was; doing（对动作提问） 5. was watching; when; rang（when引导的时间状语从句） 6. While; were talking（while引导的从句用过去进行时） 7. weren’t having（否定句） 8. What was; doing（对动作提问） 9. Were; singing（一般疑问句） 10. While; was waiting（while引导的从句用过去进行时） Part 3 能力提升习题 题型1 语法填空 1. was watching（过去进行时，描述过去正在进行的动作） 2. asked（一般过去时，短暂动作） 3. were; doing（宾语从句，过去进行时） 4. lived（一般过去时，描述事实） 5. worked（一般过去时，并列谓语） 6. were talking（while引导的从句，过去进行时） 7. said（一般过去时） 8. was becoming（过去进行时，描述正在变化的状态） 9. crashed（when引导的从句，一般过去时） 10. would break（过去将来时，主句用一般过去时） 题型2 短文改错 1. study → studying（was + doing） 2. call → called（一般过去时） 3. 去掉 was（when引导的从句，主句用一般过去时） 4. ask → asked（一般过去时） 5. prepare → preparing（was + doing） 6. were → was（he 用 was） 7. talked → were talking（while引导的从句用过去进行时） 8. turn → turning（was + doing） 9. happen → was happening（what引导的从句用过去进行时） 10. run → running（was + doing） 题型3 完成句子 1. was watching 2. was sleeping; rang 3. were; doing 4. were preparing; from 5. were discussing; came 6. wasn‘t playing 7. was crossing; appeared 8. were working 9. were travelling 10. was raining Part 4 阅读提升 题型1 阅读理解 1. B（细节题：At 8 a.m., I was preparing for my first spacewalk） 2. B（细节题：While I was working outside, a piece of space junk suddenly flew by） 3. C（词义指代：the Earth was shining brightly below me — it指代the Earth） 4. C（细节题：I felt very proud） 5. C（推理题：文中描述虽然紧张但最终感到自豪，说明他享受这次经历） 题型2 任务型阅读 1. He was doing scientific experiments. 2. They were repairing equipment. 3. He was doing a spacewalk. 4. They were having a team meeting. 5. They were preparing reports. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $沪教版八年级下册 Unit 7 The unknown world 单元知识清单背诵与默写卷 请按照步骤背诵，并逐个订正。 一、单词（背诵版） 沪教版八年级下册 班级： 姓名： 1 beef n. 牛肉 2 seafood n. 海鲜 3 afford v. 承担得起（后果） 4 mistake n. 错误；失误 5 stick v. 粘；贴 6 hit v. 碰撞；撞击 7 muscle n. 肌肉 8 gym n. 健身房 9 satellite n. 人造卫星 10 destroy v. 摧毁 11 average adj. 平均的 12 probable adj. 很可能发生的 13 select v. 挑选；选拔 14 serve v. 为……工作；服务 15 spaceflight n. 航天；宇宙飞行 16 deliver v. 传送；运载 17 fuel n. 燃料 18 supply n. 供应量；供给量 19 point n. 时刻；阶段 20 lab n. 实验室 一、单词（默写版） 1 __________ n. 牛肉 2 __________ n. 海鲜 3 __________ v. 承担得起（后果） 4 __________ n. 错误；失误 5 __________ v. 粘；贴 6 __________ v. 碰撞；撞击 7 __________ n. 肌肉 8 __________ n. 健身房 9 __________ n. 人造卫星 10 __________ v. 摧毁 11 __________ adj. 平均的 12 __________ adj. 很可能发生的 13 __________ v. 挑选；选拔 14 __________ v. 为……工作；服务 15 __________ n. 航天；宇宙飞行 16 __________ v. 传送；运载 17 __________ n. 燃料 18 __________ n. 供应量；供给量 19 __________ n. 时刻；阶段 20 __________ n. 实验室 二、短语（背诵版） 1 take off 起飞 2 for a while 一段时间 3 turn out 证明是；结果是 4 cannot afford to 承担不起（后果） 5 by mistake 错误地；无意中 6 daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 7 space junk 太空垃圾 8 naked eye 肉眼 9 in orbit 在轨道上 10 crash into 撞上 11 fall back to 落回 12 communicate with 与……交流 13 be curious about 对……好奇 14 slow down 减慢；放缓 15 belong to 属于 16 get into orbit 进入轨道 17 ground control 地面控制 18 muscle loss 肌肉流失 19 stay fit 保持健康 20 float around 四处漂浮 二、短语（默写版） 1 __________ 起飞 2 __________ 一段时间 3 __________ 证明是；结果是 4 __________ 承担不起（后果） 5 __________ 错误地；无意中 6 __________ 日常生活；日常工作 7 __________ 太空垃圾 8 __________ 肉眼 9 __________ 在轨道上 10 __________ 撞上 11 __________ 落回 12 __________ 与……交流 13 __________ 对……好奇 14 __________ 减慢；放缓 15 __________ 属于 16 __________ 进入轨道 17 __________ 地面控制 18 __________ 肌肉流失 19 __________ 保持健康 20 __________ 四处漂浮 三、句型（背诵版） 1. We were waiting for instructions from ground control. 我们正在等待地面控制中心的指令。 2. We can't afford to make any mistakes. 我们承担不起任何失误。 3. It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too! 事实证明，在太空吃东西也可以是一种乐趣！ 4. This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake. 这防止了我在房间里四处飘浮并无意中撞到东西。 5. The minutes seemed like hours. 几分钟感觉像几个小时一样漫长。 6. It is an amazing experience to go outside the space station in a spacesuit. 穿着宇航服走出空间站是一种奇妙的体验。 三、句型（默写版） 1. 我们正在等待地面控制中心的指令。 __________________________________________________________________ 2. 我们承担不起任何失误。 __________________________________________________________________ 3. 事实证明，在太空吃东西也可以是一种乐趣！ __________________________________________________________________ 4. 这防止了我在房间里四处飘浮并无意中撞到东西。 __________________________________________________________________ 5. 几分钟感觉像几个小时一样漫长。 __________________________________________________________________ 6. 穿着宇航服走出空间站是一种奇妙的体验。 __________________________________________________________________ 四、词性转换（背诵版） 1. 2. fly v. flight n. 飞行 3. weight n. weightless adj. 失重的 4. weight n. weightlessness n. 失重状态 5. stress n. stressful adj. 压力重的 6. probable adj. probably adv. 很可能 7. serve v. service n. 服务 8. select v. selection n. 选拔 9. deliver v. delivery n. 递送 10. destroy v. destruction n. 破坏 11. float v. floating adj. 漂浮的 四、词性转换（默写版） 12. 13. fly v. __________ n. 飞行 14. weight n. __________ adj. 失重的 15. weight n. __________ n. 失重状态 16. stress n. __________ adj. 压力重的 17. probable adj. __________ adv. 很可能 18. serve v. __________ n. 服务 19. select v. __________ n. 选拔 20. deliver v. __________ n. 递送 21. destroy v. __________ n. 破坏 22. float v. __________ adj. 漂浮的 23. 五、过去进行时（背诵版） 1. 基本结构 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing / 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing 疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing？ 2. 常用时间状语 at 8 pm yesterday/at that time/from 7 to 9 last night/ when/while 引导的从句 3. when 与 while 的区别 while + 过去进行时（较长动作） when + 一般过去时（较短动作） 4. 与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时：强调过去正在做（未完成）/一般过去时：强调过去做了（已完成） 五、过去进行时（默写版） 1. 基本结构 肯定句：主语 + __________ + 动词-ing/否定句：主语 + __________ + 动词-ing 疑问句：__________ + 主语 + 动词-ing？ 2. 常用时间状语（写出3个） ______________________________________________________ 3. when 与 while 的区别 while + ____________________/when + ____________________ 4. 与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时：强调过去__________/一般过去时：强调过去__________ 六、作文·基础版（背诵版·120词） Subject: Ask for permission to join the space camp Dear Dad and Mom, I am writing to ask for your permission to join the "Future Astronaut" space camp. In order to learn more about space, our school is taking us to the National Space Centre for three days. During the camp, I will visit the rocket museum, learn about astronauts' lives, and even try a spacewalk simulation. This is a great chance for me to learn. I promise to be safe and finish my homework before I go. Could you please give me permission? I look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 六、作文·基础版（默写版） Subject: ________________________________________________ Dear Dad and Mom, I am writing to ________________________________________________. In order to ________________________________________________, our school is ________________________________________________. This is a great chance for me to ________________________________________________. I promise to ________________________________________________. Could you please give me permission? I look forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, __________ 七、作文·提升版（背诵版·135词） Subject: Ask for permission to attend the Space Science Camp Dear Dad and Mom, I am writing to share some exciting news and ask for your permission. Our school has organized a Space Science Camp at the National Space Centre, and I have been selected to take part! The camp will last for three days, from 15th to 17th July. During this time, we will have the opportunity to do many amazing things. We will tour the rocket museum and learn how astronauts prepare for space missions. Moreover, we will use a special simulator to experience what a spacewalk feels like. The most exciting part is that we will have a chance to meet and talk with a real astronaut! I truly believe this camp will be an unforgettable experience. It will not only broaden my horizons but also inspire me to work harder towards my dream. I promise I will keep up with my studies and call you every evening. Could you please give me permission to go? Thank you for your understanding and support. Yours sincerely, Li Ming 七、作文·提升版（默写版） Subject: ________________________________________________ Dear Dad and Mom, I am writing to ________________________________________________. The camp will last for ________________________________________________. During this time, we will have the opportunity to ________________________________________________. I truly believe this camp will be ________________________________________________. I promise I will ________________________________________________. Could you please give me permission to go? Thank you ________________________________________________. Yours sincerely, __________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 沪教版八年级下册 Unit 7 词汇讲解与巩固学案 【Part 1：核心词汇与短语默写】 一、根据中文写出英文单词 最新沪教版八年级学习资料 八年级备课组 姓名： 班级： 1.牛肉 ________ 2.海鲜 ________ 3.担得起（后果）________ 4.错误；失误 ________ 5.粘；贴 ________ 6.碰撞；撞击 ________ 7.肌肉 ________ 8.健身房 ________ 9.人造卫星 ________ 10.摧毁 ________ 11.平均的 ________ 12.很可能发生（或存在等）的 ________ 13.挑选；选拔 ________ 14.为…… 工作；服务 ________ 15.航天；宇宙飞行 ________ 16.传送；运载 ________ 17.燃料 ________ 18.供应量；供给量 ________ 19.时刻；阶段 ________ 20.实验室 ________ 二、根据中文写出英文短语 1.起飞 ________ 2.一段时间 ________ 3.证明是；结果是 ________ 4.承担不起（后果）________ 5.错误地；无意中 ________ 6.日常生活；日常工作 ________ 7.太空垃圾 ________ 8.肉眼 ________ 【Part 2：核心词汇讲解与巩固】 1.beef /biːf/n. 牛肉 【中考考点】不可数名词，无复数形式；常用搭配：beef noodles 牛肉面 【例句】I'd like some beef for lunch.（我午饭想吃点牛肉。） 2.seafood /ˈsiːfuːd/n. 海鲜 【中考考点】集合名词，泛指海鲜时为不可数名词；常用搭配：seafood restaurant 海鲜餐厅 【例句】Many people like eating seafood near the sea.（很多人喜欢在海边吃海鲜。） 3.afford /əˈfɔːd/v. 担得起（后果）；买得起 【中考考点】常与 can/could/be able to 连用，后接名词或动词不定式；固定搭配：afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事 【例句】We cannot afford to make any mistakes now.（我们现在承担不起任何失误。） 4.mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/n. 错误；失误 【词性转换】v. 误解，弄错；过去式 / 过去分词：mistook /mistaken 【中考考点】固定搭配：make a mistake 犯错误；by mistake 错误地，无意中 【例句】He made a big mistake in the exam.（他在考试中犯了一个严重的错误。） 5.stick /stɪk/v. 粘；贴 【中考考点】过去式 / 过去分词：stuck；常用搭配：stick to sth./doing sth. 坚持；粘贴 【例句】Please stick the picture on the wall.（请把这幅画贴在墙上。） 6.hit /hɪt/v. 碰撞；撞击 【中考考点】过去式 / 过去分词：hit；词性拓展：n. 热门事物；击打 【例句】The ball hit the window just now.（球刚才撞到了窗户。） 7.muscle /ˈmʌsl/n. 肌肉 【中考考点】可数名词，复数形式：muscles；常用搭配：muscle pain 肌肉酸痛 【例句】Doing exercise can make your muscles strong.（运动能让你的肌肉变得强壮。） 8.gym /dʒɪm/n. 健身房 【词性拓展】全称：gymnasium /dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/ 【中考考点】常用搭配：go to the gym 去健身房 【例句】My father goes to the gym every morning.（我爸爸每天早上都去健身房。） 9.satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/n. 人造卫星 【中考考点】可数名词，复数：satellites；常用搭配：man-made satellite 人造卫星 【例句】Many satellites are moving around the Earth.（许多人造卫星围绕地球运转。） 10.destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/v. 摧毁；破坏 【词性转换】n. destruction 破坏；毁灭 【中考考点】及物动词，语气较强，指彻底毁坏 【例句】The big storm destroyed many houses.（这场大风暴摧毁了许多房屋。） 11.average /ˈævərɪdʒ/adj. 平均的 【中考考点】常用搭配：on average 平均来看；average age 平均年龄 【例句】The average score of our class is 80 points.（我们班的平均分是 80 分。） 12.probable /ˈprɒbəbl/adj. 很可能发生（或存在等）的 【词性转换】adv. probably 大概；很可能 【中考考点】常用句型：It is probable that… 很可能…… 【例句】It is probable that he will arrive late.（他很可能会迟到。） 13.select /sɪˈlekt/v. 挑选；选拔 【词性转换】n. selection 选择；选拔 【中考考点】侧重精心挑选，常用搭配：select sb. for sth. 选拔某人参加某事 【例句】They will select some students for the game.（他们会选拔一些学生参加比赛。） 14.serve /sɜːv/v. 为…… 工作；服务；招待 【词性转换】n. service 服务；n. servant 仆人 【中考考点】固定搭配：serve people 为人民服务；serve food 端上食物 【例句】She serves as a guide in the museum.（她在博物馆担任讲解员。） 15.spaceflight /ˈspeɪsflaɪt/n. 航天；宇宙飞行 【中考考点】合成名词，由 space（太空）+ flight（飞行）构成 【例句】Spaceflight has become more and more common.（航天飞行变得越来越普遍。） 16.deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/v. 传送；运载；递送 【词性转换】n. delivery 递送；运送 【中考考点】常用搭配：deliver goods 运送货物；deliver letters 送信 【例句】The plane can deliver supplies to the station.（这架飞机可以向站点运送物资。） 17.fuel /ˈfjuːəl/n. 燃料 【中考考点】不可数名词；常用搭配：save fuel 节约燃料 【例句】Cars use a lot of fuel every day.（汽车每天都会消耗大量燃料。） 18.supply /səˈplaɪ/n. 供应量；供给量 v. 供应 【中考考点】固定搭配：a supply of 一批……；supply sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 【例句】We have enough food supply for the trip.（我们有足够的食物储备来完成这次出行。） 19.point /pɔɪnt/n. 时刻；阶段；要点 v. 指向 【中考考点】常用搭配：at this point 此时此刻；point to 指向 【例句】At this point, we need to make a decision.（此时此刻，我们需要做出决定。） 20.lab /læb/n. 实验室 【词性拓展】全称：laboratory /ləˈbɒrətri/ 【中考考点】常用搭配：science lab 科学实验室 【例句】We do experiments in the lab every week.（我们每周都在实验室做实验。） 核心词汇及时巩固（小试牛刀） 一、单项选择 1.I would like to eat some ________ and rice for dinner. A. beef B. beefs C. a beef D. two beefs 2.After doing sports, my ________ feel very sore. A. muscle B. muscles C. gym D. labs 3.You can't ________ to waste time at this moment. A. afford B. offer C. raise D. lose 4.He took my umbrella ________ yesterday. A. in vain B. by mistake C. in need D. in low spirits 5.Please ________ the paper on the desk. A. hit B. destroy C. stick D. select 6.Many ________ are working in space now. A. satellites B. seafood C. fuels D. muscles 7.The fire ________ the whole building last night. A. stuck B. hit C. destroyed D. delivered 8.The ________ age of the students in Grade Eight is 14. A. probable B. average C. pleasant D. spare 9.We will ________ ten students to take part in the competition. A. serve B. select C. donate D. arrange 10.The postman ________ letters every day. A. delivers B. raises C. eases D. arranges 11.My brother goes to the ________ to exercise every weekend. A. lab B. gym C. stage D. garden 12.It is ________ that it will rain this afternoon. A. serious B. average C. probable D. elderly 13.There is not enough ________ for the spaceship. A. fuel B. pound C. joy D. pain 14.We have a good ________ of water in the camp. A. point B. supply C. permission D. structure 15.Scientists usually do research in the ________. A. gym B. lab C. spaceflight D. satellite 【Part 3：核心短语讲解与巩固】 1.take off 起飞；脱下 【运用】多义短语；表示 “起飞” 时，主语常为飞机、航天器；表示 “脱下”，反义词组为 put on（穿上） 【例句】The plane will take off in ten minutes.（飞机十分钟后起飞。） 2.for a while 一段时间；一会儿 【运用】在句中作时间状语，相当于 for a moment 【例句】Please wait for a while. I'll be back soon.（请稍等，我马上回来。） 3.turn out 证明是；结果是 【运用】常用句型：turn out (to be) + 名词 / 形容词，后接事实结果 【例句】The story turned out to be true.（这件事结果证明是真的。） 4.cannot afford to 承担不起（后果） 【运用】后接动词原形，侧重无法承受某种代价、后果 【例句】We cannot afford to fail this task.（我们承担不起这项任务失败的后果。） 5.by mistake 错误地；无意中 【运用】在句中作状语，描述无心犯下的错误 【例句】I took your pen by mistake.（我无意中拿错了你的钢笔。） 6.daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 【运用】固定名词短语，泛指每日固定的生活、工作流程 【例句】Reading is part of my daily routine.（阅读是我日常生活的一部分。） 7.space junk 太空垃圾 【运用】航天类固定词组，也可表达 space rubbish 【例句】Space junk is bad for spaceflight.（太空垃圾不利于航天飞行。） 8.naked eye 肉眼 【运用】常用搭配：with the naked eye 用肉眼 【例句】We can't see the satellite with the naked eye.（我们用肉眼看不到这颗卫星。） 核心短语及时巩固（小试牛刀） 一、根据中文提示完成英文句子，每空一词 1.飞机马上就要起飞了。 The plane will ________ ________ soon. 2.请在这里等一会儿。 Please wait here ________ ________ ________. 3.结果证明他是对的。 He ________ ________ to be right. 4.我们承担不起犯任何错误。 We ________ ________ ________ make any mistakes. 5.我无意中打碎了这个杯子。 I broke the cup ________ ________. 6.散步是我日常生活的一部分。 Walking is part of my ________ ________. 7.科学家们正在努力清理太空垃圾。 Scientists are trying to clean up ________ ________. 8.肉眼看不到远处的星星。 We can't see the far stars with the ________ ________. 【Part 4：词汇与短语的综合运用】 A 小节：词形转换填空 说明：用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空，使句子完整通顺。 1.Doing sports can make your ________ (muscle) strong. 2.The big fire caused great ________ (destroy) to the house. 3.He ________ (probable) knows the answer to the question. 4.The shop provides good ________ (serve) for customers. 5.The ________ (deliver) of food will arrive soon. 6.We need more ________ (supply) for the long trip. 7.There are many man-made ________ (satellite) in space. 8.It's a big ________ (mistake) to forget your homework. 9.She ________ (stick) a photo on the notebook yesterday. 10.My uncle likes eating ________ (seafood) very much. B 小节：虚词填空 说明：在空白处填入一个适当的虚词（介词、连词、冠词等），使句子完整通顺。 1.The plane took ________ at eight o'clock this morning. 2.Let's rest ________ a while after walking. 3.It turned ________ that he knew everything. 4.I can't afford ________ buy such an expensive bag. 5.She picked up my book ________ mistake. 6.Morning exercise is part ________ his daily routine. 7.We can't see small objects ________ the naked eye. 8.Many satellites travel ________ space every day. 9.Don't stick the picture ________ the wall randomly. 10.The truck delivers goods ________ the village every day. 【Part 5：阅读能力提升】 一、完形填空（话题：太空与航天生活） Spaceflight is amazing. More and more people are interested in it. Now there are many man-made 1________ around the Earth. They help us study space and weather. However, space also has problems. There is lots of space 2________ in space. It may 3________ spaceships and bring danger. Scientists are trying their best to solve this problem. Astronauts' 4________ routine is very busy. They have to exercise every day to keep their 5________ strong. They cannot 6________ to make mistakes in space. Sometimes they do experiments in the space 7________. They also need to check fuel and food 8________ carefully. It is 9________ that spaceflight will become more popular in the future. Many young students want to be astronauts. They believe they can 10________ people with their knowledge. ( ) 1. A. muscles B. satellites C. labs D. gyms ( ) 2. A. junk B. beef C. fuel D. seafood ( ) 3. A. serve B. select C. hit D. donate ( ) 4. A. pleasant B. daily C. spare D. serious ( ) 5. A. muscles B. mistakes C. points D. supplies ( ) 6. A. offer B. afford C. volunteer D. raise ( ) 7. A. gym B. lab C. stage D. hospital ( ) 8. A. supplies B. mistakes C. muscles D. satellites ( ) 9. A. elderly B. average C. probable D. painful ( ) 10. A. destroy B. stick C. serve D. arrange 二、阅读理解 Space Junk Nowadays, spaceflight is developing fast. We send lots of satellites and spaceships into space every year. But at the same time, we also produce much space junk. Space junk includes old satellites, broken spaceship parts and small pieces. Most of them are very small, so we can't see them with the naked eye. But they are dangerous. They may hit working satellites or spaceships and destroy them. Scientists say that space junk is a big problem. We cannot afford to ignore (忽视) it. Many countries are working together to find ways to clean up space junk. Some scientists are trying to make special tools to collect the junk. Though space exploration brings us many advantages, we should also protect the space environment. It is our duty to keep space clean. ( ) 11. What is space junk? A. New satellites. B. Broken parts of spaceships. C. Fresh fuel. D. Useful supplies. ( ) 12. Why can't we see most space junk? A. It is too far. B. It is too small. C. It is hidden. D. It moves too fast. ( ) 13. Space junk may ________ working satellites. A. hit and destroy B. select and serve C. stick and deliver D. raise and arrange ( ) 14. What does the underlined phrase "cannot afford to" mean? A. 负担不起 B. 主动提出 C. 自愿做 D. 整理 ( ) 15. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to make satellites. B. The danger of space junk. C. Daily life of astronauts. D. Ways to use fuel. 三、语法填空 Space is a wonderful place. Many satellites 1________ (send) into space every year. They can 2________ (deliver) all kinds of information to the Earth. But there is much space junk in space now. It 3________ (hit) spaceships easily and causes danger. It is 4________ (probable) the biggest problem for spaceflight. Astronauts have busy 5________ (day) routine in space. They exercise to make their 6________ (muscle) strong. They work in the space 7________ (lab) and check food and fuel 8________ (supply). They never make mistakes 9________ (mistake). We all hope that scientists can find good ways 10________ (solve) the problem of space junk. 参考答案 + 详细解析 Part 1：核心词汇与短语默写答案 一、单词 1.beef 2. seafood 3. afford 4. mistake 5. stick 2.hit 7. muscle 8. gym 9. satellite 10. destroy 3.average 12. probable 13. select 14. serve 15. spaceflight 4.deliver 17. fuel 18. supply 19. point 20. lab 二、短语 1.take off 2. for a while 3. turn out 4. cannot afford to 2.by mistake 6. daily routine 7. space junk 8. naked eye Part 2 词汇单选 答案 + 解析 1.A 解析：beef 牛肉，不可数名词，无复数形式。 2.B 解析：muscle 肌肉，句中谓语为 feel，主语用复数 muscles。 3.A 解析：can't afford to do sth. 承担不起做某事。 4.B 解析：by mistake 错误地、无意中，固定短语。 5.C 解析：stick 粘贴，句意：请把纸贴在桌子上。 6.A 解析：satellites 人造卫星，符合 “在太空运行” 语境。 7.C 解析：destroy 摧毁，大火烧毁了整栋大楼。 8.B 解析：average age 平均年龄，固定搭配。 9.B 解析：select 选拔，句意：我们将选拔学生参加比赛。 10.A 解析：deliver letters 送信，邮递员的工作。 11.B 解析：go to the gym 去健身房锻炼。 12.C 解析：probable 很可能的，It is probable that… 固定句型。 13.A 解析：fuel 燃料，句意：宇宙飞船燃料不足。 14.B 解析：a supply of 储备、供应量。 15.B 解析：lab 实验室，科学家在实验室做研究。 Part 3 短语完成句子 答案 1.take off 2.for a while 3.turned out 4.cannot afford to 5.by mistake 6.daily routine 7.space junk 8.naked eye Part 4 综合运用 答案 + 解析 A 词形转换 1.muscles 解析：肌肉常用复数。 2.destruction 解析：great 后接名词，destroy 对应名词 destruction。 3.probably 解析：修饰动词用副词。 4.service 解析：good 后接名词，serve → service。 5.delivery 解析：定冠词 the 后接名词。 6.supplies 解析：更多物资，用复数。 7.satellites 解析：many 后接可数名词复数。 8.mistake 解析：a big 后接单数名词。 9.stuck 解析：yesterday 用一般过去时，stick 过去式 stuck。 10.seafood 解析：seafood 不可数名词，用原形。 B 虚词填空 1.off 2. for 3. out 4. to 5. by 2.of 7. with 8. in 9. on 10. to Part 5 阅读答案 一、完形填空 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C 二、阅读理解 11.B 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.B 三、语法填空 1.are sent 2.deliver 3.hits 4.probably 5.daily 6.muscles 7.lab 8.supplies 9.by mistake 10.to solve 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $沪教版八年级下册 Unit 7 Writing 学案：介绍中国宇航员 写作主题：Write an article about a Chinese astronaut（介绍一位中国宇航员） 适用年级：沪教牛津版八年级下册 【写作任务完整呈现】 任务背景 Science Club Next month, the Science Club will focus on astronauts from around the world. We‘d like you to write articles about Chinese astronauts. The best articles will be put on the school website. 参考素材（聂海胜） Wang Yao 以聂海胜为例完成了范文，请阅读笔记与范文，思考：她使用了笔记中的哪些信息？又舍弃了哪些内容？ Notes（人物笔记） Nie Haisheng (born in October 1964) 最新沪教版八年级学习资料 八年级备课组 姓名： 班级： 1. 2. When he was little · loved planes · loved reading · dreamt of flying 2. 1998 · was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme 3. 12 October 2005 – 17 October 2005 · Shenzhou-6 · celebrated his 41st birthday in space 4. 11 June 2013 – 26 June 2013 · Shenzhou-10 (commander) 5. 17 June 2021 – 17 September 2021 · Shenzhou-12 (commander) · one of the first three astronauts on the Tiangong space station 6. Honours and titles · was given the title “Heroic Astronaut” · The asteroid 9517 Niehaisheng was named after him. 7. Quotes · “I‘ve never given up, and I’m always ready to face the next challenge.” 参考范文 Nie Haisheng: a heroic astronaut When Nie Haisheng was little, he loved planes and often dreamt of flying. While the other children were playing, Nie was studying hard. He was determined to make his dream come true. “I‘ve never given up, and I’m always ready to face the next challenge,” said Nie. On 12 October 2005, he finally went on his first space flight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Although the mission only lasted for 5 days, he enjoyed the flight a lot. Then, in 2013 and 2021, Nie served as commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. The latter made him one of the first three astronauts to live and work on China‘s Tiangong space station. They did different kinds of experiments and even performed a spacewalk! Their mission lasted 93 days. Nie was given the title “Heroic Astronaut” to recognize his great work. In addition, the asteroid 9517 Niehaisheng was named after him. 【Part 1：以读促写・精读拓展】 一、拓展阅读 1：Yang Liwei — China’s First Astronaut in Space Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese astronaut. He was born in June 1965 in Liaoning Province. When he was little, he loved listening to stories about heroes and dreamt of flying in the sky. In 1998, Yang was selected as one of the first Chinese astronauts. After years of hard training, he finally got the chance to go to space. On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei took off in the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft. It was China‘s first manned space mission. The flight lasted about 21 hours. During the flight, Yang showed the national flag of China to the world. He also talked to his family on Earth. After returning, Yang was given the title “Heroic Astronaut”. He said, “I am proud of my country. My dream came true because of hard work and never giving up.” Today, Yang Liwei continues to work for China’s space programme. He has inspired millions of young people to dream of space. 1. 阅读理解（单项选择） (1) When did Yang Liwei go to space? A. On 15 October 2003. B. On 12 October 2005. C. On 17 June 2021. (2) How long did the Shenzhou-5 mission last? A. 5 days. B. 93 days. C. About 21 hours. (3) What did Yang Liwei do during the flight? A. He performed a spacewalk. B. He showed the national flag of China. C. He built the Tiangong space station. 2. 好词好句积累（根据中文填写英文原句） 中文释义 英文原句 杨利伟是一位著名的中国宇航员。 他从小就梦想着在天空中飞翔。 1998 年，杨利伟被选为第一批中国宇航员之一。 我的梦想因为努力和永不放弃而实现了。 他激励了数百万年轻人去梦想太空。 二、拓展阅读 2：Wang Yaping — The First Chinese Woman to Give a Space Lecture Wang Yaping is another great Chinese astronaut. She was born in January 1980 in Shandong Province. When she was a child, she loved sports and dreamed of flying. In 2010, Wang became an astronaut. She worked very hard and never gave up. On 11 June 2013, she went into space on Shenzhou-10. During this mission, she gave the first space lecture to Chinese students. She showed them how water behaved in zero gravity. Millions of students watched and learned from her. In 2021, Wang Yaping went to space again on Shenzhou-13. She stayed on the Tiangong space station for six months. She became the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. During the mission, she also gave a second space lecture. Wang Yaping said, “Dreams are like stars. If you reach for them, you may catch one.” She has encouraged many young girls to follow their dreams of becoming astronauts. 1. 阅读理解（单项选择） (1) When did Wang Yaping give the first space lecture? A. In 2010. B. On 11 June 2013. C. In 2021. (2) What did Wang Yaping do during the Shenzhou-13 mission? A. She stayed in space for 93 days. B. She became the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. C. She celebrated her birthday in space. (3) What does Wang Yaping‘s quote mean? A. Dreams are easy to achieve. B. If you work hard, you may achieve your dreams. C. Stars are very far away. 2. 好词好句积累（根据中文填写英文原句） 中文释义 英文原句 王亚平是另一位伟大的中国宇航员。 她工作非常努力，从不放弃。 她向学生们展示了水在零重力下的行为。 她鼓励了许多年轻女孩去追随她们成为宇航员的梦想。 梦想就像星星。如果你伸手去够，也许就能抓住一颗。 三、框架拆解 结合教材范文与两篇拓展阅读，总结人物介绍类作文通用写作框架： 段落 功能 核心写作内容 开头段（Paragraph 1） 介绍人物基本信息 姓名、身份、出生时间与地点、童年爱好 / 梦想 中间段 1（Paragraph 2） 职业发展历程 入选航天员时间、主要航天任务、任务关键成就 中间段 2（Paragraph 3） 亮点与荣誉 特殊经历（太空授课 / 太空行走等）、个人荣誉 / 称号 结尾段（Paragraph 4） 人物精神与影响 引用名人名言、人物带来的影响、总结评价 【Part 2：核心语料积累与仿写训练】 一、核心语料积累（中英文对照） 1. 开头段：介绍人物基本信息 中文释义 英文句型 聂海胜是一位著名的中国宇航员。 Nie Haisheng is a famous Chinese astronaut. 杨利伟于 1965 年 6 月出生于辽宁省。 王亚平是中国第二位进入太空的女宇航员。 2. 中间段 1：童年梦想与训练经历 中文释义 英文句型 当他小的时候，他热爱飞机并梦想着飞翔。 When he was little, he loved planes and dreamt of flying. 1998 年，他被选为中国航天员。 经过多年的艰苦训练，他终于获得了进入太空的会。 她工作非常努力，从不放弃。 3. 中间段 2：主要飞行任务与成就 中文释义 英文句型 2003 年 10 月 15 日，他乘坐神舟五号飞船起飞。 On 15 October 2003, he took off in the Shenzhou-5 spacecraft. 这次任务持续了大约 21 个小时。 在任务期间，他向世界展示了中国国旗。 她成为了第一位进行太空行走的中国女性。 4. 结尾段：名言与人物影响 中文释义 英文句型 “我从未放弃，我随时准备迎接下一个挑战。” “I’ve never given up, and I‘m always ready to face the next challenge.” 他被授予 “英雄航天员” 的称号。 他激励了数百万人去追求自己的梦想。 梦想就像星星。如果你伸手去够，也许就能抓住一颗。 二、分步仿写训练 仿写主题：刘洋 —— 中国第一位进入太空的女宇航员 人物信息：生于 1978 年 10 月，河南郑州人；2010 年成为航天员；2012 年乘坐神舟九号进入太空，任务时长 13 天，在轨开展科学实验；获 “英雄航天员” 称号；名言：梦想不会发光，发光的是追梦的你。 1. 仿写开头段 范例：Nie Haisheng is a famous Chinese astronaut. 仿写 1：Liu Yang is a famous Chinese astronaut. She was born in October 1978 in Zhengzhou, Henan Province. 仿写 2：______________________________________________（要求：刘洋是中国第一位进入太空的女宇航员。） 2. 仿写中间段 1 范例：When Nie Haisheng was little, he loved planes and often dreamt of flying. In 1998, he was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. 仿写 1：When Liu Yang was little, she dreamt of flying. In 2010, she became an astronaut. 仿写 2：______________________________________________（提示：她梦想探索太空；她被选为航天员） 3. 仿写中间段 2 范例：On 12 October 2005, he finally went on his first space flight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Although the mission only lasted for 5 days, he enjoyed the flight a lot. 仿写 1：On 16 June 2012, Liu Yang finally went into space on Shenzhou-9. The mission lasted 13 days, and she did many scientific experiments in space. 仿写 2：______________________________________________（提示：2012 年 6 月 16 日；乘坐神舟九号进入太空；时长 13 天；开展科学实验） 4. 仿写结尾段 范例：Nie was given the title “Heroic Astronaut” to recognize his great work. “I’ve never given up, and I’m always ready to face the next challenge,” said Nie. 仿写 1：Liu was given the title “Heroic Astronaut”. She said, “Dreams don’t shine. The ones who chase them shine.” 仿写 2：______________________________________________（提示：英雄航天员称号；梦想不会发光，发光的是追梦的你；激励许多年轻女性） 【Part 3：完整写作步骤指导】 Step 1：Plan（写作规划） 请从聂海胜、杨利伟、王亚平、刘洋、翟志刚中选择一位中国宇航员，完成写作提纲。 1. 姓名：________________________________ 2. 出生信息：________________________________ 3. 童年爱好 / 梦想：________________________________ 4. 入选航天员时间：________________________________ 5. 主要飞行任务（名称 + 年份 + 时长 + 关键成就） 6. 获得的荣誉 / 称号：________________________________ 7. 名人名言：________________________________ 8. 人物影响：________________________________ Step 2：Write（正式写作） 词数要求：80–100 词；可参考下方通用模板，自行拟定标题。 参考模板 Title: ________________________________ ______________________is a famous Chinese astronaut. He/She was born in ______________________. When he/she was little, he/she ______________________. In ______________________, he/she was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. On ______________________, he/she finally went into on ______________________. The mission lasted ______________________. During the mission, he/she ______________________. He/She was given the title “”. “,” said he/she. His/Her story has inspired ______________________. Step 3：Check and Revise（自查修改） 对照清单逐项检查，修改作文： · 文章标题新颖、贴合主题 · 开头完整介绍人物姓名、身份、出生信息 · 中间段落写清童年梦想、航天任务与成就 · 文中引用人物名言 · 结尾体现人物精神与影响力 · 正确使用 astronaut / space / mission / spacewalk / title 等核心词汇 · 单词拼写、语法、标点符号无错误 【Part 4：写作能力提升】 一、中翻英句型训练 根据中文提示，翻译完整英文句子。 1. 翟志刚是一位著名的中国宇航员。他于 1966 年 10 月出生于黑龙江省。 2. 当他小的时候，他梦想着飞向天空。2008 年，他成为了中国首批航天员之一。 3. 2008 年 9 月 25 日，他乘坐神舟七号飞船进入太空。在任务期间，他进行了中国首次太空行走。 4. 他被授予 “英雄航天员” 的称号。“我为我的祖国感到骄傲，” 他说。 5. 他的故事激励了数百万中国人去追逐他们的太空梦想。 二、实战写作题 写作题目：介绍中国宇航员景海鹏 人物信息 · 出生：1966 年 10 月，山西运城 · 童年：热爱篮球，梦想飞翔 · 1998 年：入选中国航天员 · 航天任务：2008 神舟七号、2012 神舟九号（13 天）、2016 神舟十一号（33 天），三次飞天创下纪录 · 荣誉：“英雄航天员” 称号 · 名言：梦想很重要，但坚持更重要。 要求：80–100 词，结构完整，包含基本信息、童年梦想、航天任务、荣誉、名言。 三、优秀范文参考 Jing Haipeng: A Record-breaking Astronaut Jing Haipeng is a famous Chinese astronaut. He was born in October 1966 in Shanxi Province. When he was little, he loved playing basketball and dreamt of flying. In 1998, he was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. Jing has been to space three times. In 2008, he went on Shenzhou-7. In 2012, he flew on Shenzhou-9. In 2016, he was on Shenzhou-11. The mission lasted 33 days. He set a record for the most space flights by a Chinese astronaut. Jing was given the title “Heroic Astronaut”. He said, “Dreams are important, but persistence is even more important.” His story has inspired many people to never give up on their dreams. 【Part 5：写作必备・背诵默写版】 1、 必备核心词汇（10 个，必背） 1.astronaut n. 宇航员 2.space n. 太空 3.mission n. 任务 4.spacecraft n. 宇宙飞船 5.spacewalk n. 太空行走 6.title n. 称号 7.inspire v. 激励 8.dream v./n. 梦想 9.select v. 选拔 10.hero n. 英雄 二、必备核心短语（8 个，必背） 1. 2. be selected for 被选拔进入 2. go into space 进入太空 3. take off 起飞 4. be given the title 被授予称号 5. perform a spacewalk 进行太空行走 6. come true （梦想）实现 7. be proud of 为…… 感到骄傲 8. never give up 永不放弃 三、必备万能句型（6 个，分段落背诵） 1. 开头（人物基本信息） ______________________is a famous Chinese astronaut. He/She was born in ______________________. （…… 是一位著名的中国宇航员。他 / 她出生于……） 2. 中间（童年与选拔） When he/she was little, he/she dreamt of ______________________. In ______________________, he/she was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. （当他 / 她小时候，梦想着……。…… 年，他 / 她入选中国航天项目。） 3. 中间（航天任务） On ______________________, he/she finally went into space on ______________________. The mission lasted ______________________. （…… 日期，他 / 她乘坐…… 飞船进入太空。任务持续了……） 4. 中间（任务成就） During the mission, he/she ______________________. （执行任务期间，他 / 她……） 5. 结尾（荣誉） He/She was given the title “______________________” to recognize his/her great work. （他 / 她被授予 “……” 称号，表彰其贡献。） 6. 结尾（名言与影响） “______________________,” said he/she. His/Her story has inspired ______________________. （“……”，他 / 她说道。他 / 她的故事激励了……。） 四、万能范文（背诵 + 默写） 背诵版 Nie Haisheng: A Heroic Astronaut Nie Haisheng is a famous Chinese astronaut. He was born in October 1964. When he was little, he loved planes and dreamt of flying. In 1998, he was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. On 12 October 2005, he finally went on his first space flight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Although the mission only lasted for 5 days, he enjoyed it a lot. Then, in 2013 and 2021, he served as commander on Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12. The latter made him one of the first three astronauts to live and work on Tiangong. They performed a spacewalk! Their mission lasted 93 days. Nie was given the title “Heroic Astronaut”. “I‘ve never given up, and I’m always ready to face the next challenge,” said Nie. His story has inspired many young people to follow their dreams. 默写版（填空自查） Nie Haisheng: A Heroic Astronaut Nie Haisheng is a famous Chinese astronaut. He was born ______________________. When he was little, he ______________________and dreamt of flying. In 1998, he was ______________________for the Chinese spaceflight programme. On 12 October 2005, he finally went on his first space flight in the ______________________spacecraft. Although the mission only lasted ______________________, he enjoyed it a lot. Then, in 2013 and 2021, he served as commander on Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12. The latter made him one of the first three astronauts to live and work on ______________________. They performed a ______________________! Their mission lasted 93 days. Nie was given the title “______________________”. “I‘ve never given up, and I’m always ready to face the next challenge,” said Nie. His story has inspired ______________________young people to follow their dreams. 五、自查清单 写完作文后对照检查： · 标题、人物基础信息完整 · 包含童年梦想、航天选拔经历 · 清晰介绍航天任务与主要成就 · 正确引用人物名言 · 写出人物带来的积极影响 · 核心词汇拼写无误 · 语法、标点、句式无错误 参考答案与解析 Part 1：以读促写・精读拓展 拓展阅读 1 答案 1. 阅读理解 (1) A (2) C (3) B 2. 好词好句积累 Yang Liwei is a famous Chinese astronaut. When he was little, he dreamt of flying in the sky. In 1998, Yang was selected as one of the first Chinese astronauts. My dream came true because of hard work and never giving up. He has inspired millions of young people to dream of space. 拓展阅读 2 答案 1. 阅读理解 (1) B (2) B (3) B 2. 好词好句积累 Wang Yaping is another great Chinese astronaut. She worked very hard and never gave up. She showed them how water behaved in zero gravity. She has encouraged many young girls to follow their dreams of becoming astronauts. Dreams are like stars. If you reach for them, you may catch one. Part 2：核心语料积累与仿写训练 一、核心语料 1. 开头段 Yang Liwei was born in June 1965 in Liaoning Province. Wang Yaping is the second Chinese woman to go into space. 2. 中间段 1 In 1998, he was selected for the Chinese spaceflight programme. After years of hard training, he finally got the chance to go to space. She worked very hard and never gave up. 3. 中间段 2 The mission lasted about 21 hours. During the mission, he showed the national flag of China. She became the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. 4. 结尾段 He was given the title “Heroic Astronaut”. He has inspired millions of people to follow their dreams. Dreams are like stars. If you reach for them, you may catch one. 二、分步仿写 1. 仿写开头 Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman to go into space. 2. 仿写中间段 1 When Liu Yang was little, she dreamt of exploring space. In 2010, she was selected as an astronaut. 3. 仿写中间段 2 On 16 June 2012, Liu Yang finally went into space on Shenzhou-9. The mission lasted 13 days, and she did many scientific experiments in space. 4. 仿写结尾段 Liu was given the title “Heroic Astronaut”. She said, “Dreams don’t shine. The ones who chase them shine.” Her story has inspired many young women to follow their dreams. Part 4：写作能力提升 一、中翻英句型训练 1. Zhai Zhigang is a famous Chinese astronaut. He was born in October 1966 in Heilongjiang Province. 2. When he was little, he dreamt of flying to the sky. In 2008, he became one of the first Chinese astronauts. 3. On 25 September 2008, he went into space on the Shenzhou-7 spacecraft. During the mission, he performed China’s first spacewalk. 4. He was given the title “Heroic Astronaut”. “I am proud of my country,” he said. 5. His story has inspired millions of Chinese people to chase their space dreams. 二、实战写作（范文参考） 见上文优秀范文板块 Part 5：默写版填空答案 1. in October 1964 2. loved planes 3. selected 4. Shenzhou-6 5. 5 days 6. Tiangong 7. spacewalk 8. Heroic Astronaut 9. many 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $沪教版八年级下册 Unit 7 Space exploration 阅读巩固学案 【Part 1 阅读原文 + 阅读理解选择题】 一、阅读原文 Life in space It was the proudest moment of my life. We were waiting for instructions from ground control. The minutes seemed like hours. Finally, we took off. We were travelling so fast-it only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. At first, it was a shock to my body. I wasn’t feeling great. However, I soon adjusted and felt better. At last, we reached the space station-my new home for a while! Let me tell you what life in space is like. Eating in space I used to worry about the food in space. But in fact we can choose from many types of food, such as fruit, nuts, chicken, beef and seafood. We have different types of tea, juice and soup as well. It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too! Working in space We are very busy every day. Being an astronaut is hard because you do not experience gravity when you are in orbit. Everything floats, including you, so simple tasks seem harder and take longer to do. When we go outside, we have to move very carefully. We can’t afford to make any mistakes, so it can be stressful sometimes. However, it is an amazing experience to go outside the space station in a spacesuit. The view of the Earth is great! Sleeping in space Just like on Earth, I go to bed at a certain time. However, I sleep in a sleeping bag in a small room, and I have to stick my sleeping bag to the wall. This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake! Exercising in space Exercise is an important part of our daily routine in space. When we live in space, we start losing muscle. Exercise can slow down the muscle loss. If we do not exercise, we will be very weak when we return to the Earth. Luckily, we have a small gym on the space station to help us stay fit. However, the exercise equipment is very different from what we use on Earth. 二、阅读理解选择题 阅读短文，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. How long does it take astronauts to get into orbit after taking off? A. About ten minutes B. About twenty minutes C. Half an hour D. An hour ( ) 2. What does the writer think of food in space? A. It is terrible and limited. B. It is various and enjoyable. C. There is only fruit and drinks. D. It is too simple for astronauts. ( ) 3. Why are simple tasks difficult in space? A. Astronauts are too tired every day. B. There is no gravity in space. C. The space station is too small. D. The work equipment is broken. ( ) 4. Astronauts stick sleeping bags to the wall to \\\\\\. A. keep their rooms tidy B. keep warm at night C. avoid floating and hitting things D. make the bed comfortable ( ) 5. What is the main purpose of doing exercise in space? A. To kill free time. B. To learn new sports. C. To prevent muscle loss. D. To enjoy special equipment. ( ) 6. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Astronauts have different kinds of food to eat. B. Working in space can bring pressure. C. Space exercise equipment is the same as Earth’s. D. Spacewalk is a wonderful experience. 【Part 2 再次阅读原文 + 短语查找 + 短语填空】 一、读文找短语 最新沪教版八年级学习资料 八年级备课组 姓名： 班级： 1.等待地面指挥指令 ___________ 2.起飞 ___________ 3.进入轨道 ___________ 4.事实上 ___________ 5.结果是；证明是 ___________ 6.没有重力 ___________ 7.四处漂浮 ___________ 8.小心翼翼 ___________ 9.承担不起犯错 ___________ 10.太空服 ___________ 11.睡袋 ___________ 12.日常作息 ___________ 13.肌肉流失 ___________ 14.减缓肌肉流失 ___________ 15.保持健康 ___________ 16.健身房 ___________ 17.太空站 ___________ 18.犯错误 ___________ 19.意外撞到 ___________ 20.太空行走 ___________ 二、短语填空（深圳八年级单元真题改编） 用上面短语的适当形式填空，每空一词。 1.The passenger plane ___________ at 7:00 a.m. and flew to Beijing. 2.All astronauts must ___________ when they work outside the space station. 3.Teachers set a strict ___________ for students to develop good habits. 4.Without gravity, everything will ___________ in space. 5.___________, I don’t like the popular new movie. 6.If you stay in bed all day, you will start ___________ easily. 7.We ___________ our teacher’s orders before the exam starts. 8.You ___________ make silly mistakes in the important exam. 9.My father goes to the ___________ every weekend to keep healthy. 10.The little boy ran too fast and ___________ the wall by mistake. 11.Astronauts must wear thick ___________ when they go out of the space station. 12.It is amazing to take a ___________ in outer space. 13.Scientists have found good ways to ___________ of astronauts. 14.___________, staying up late does harm to our bodies. 15.The spaceship will ___________ soon after it takes off. 【Part 3 阅读核心句型 —— 翻译 + 仿写提升】 A. 句型翻译 1.最后，我们进入了太空站，它在一段时间内将成为我的新家。 2.事实上，我们可以选择很多种类的食物，比如水果、坚果、鸡肉、牛肉和海鲜。 3.因为在轨道上处于失重状态，所以在太空工作是很辛苦的。 4.我把睡袋固定在墙上，这样可以防止我在房间里飘来飘去，不小心撞到东西。 5.运动能够减缓肌肉流失，如果我们不锻炼，返回地球后身体就会变得非常虚弱。 B. 仿写提升 1.例句：It only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. 仿写：完成这项工作只需要半个小时。 2.例句：We can choose from many types of food, such as fruit, nuts and beef. 仿写：我们可以选择多种课外活动，比如跑步、画画和唱歌。 3.例句：Everything floats, including you, so simple tasks seem harder. 仿写：外面下着大雨，所以我们不得不待在家里。 4.例句：This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake. 仿写：戴口罩可以帮助我们阻挡病菌进入体内。 5.例句：Exercise can slow down the muscle loss. 仿写：阅读可以拓宽我们的视野。 【Part 4 阅读原文核心考点讲解 + 考点练习】 一、核心考点讲解 考点 1 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 原句：It only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. 考点解析：中考高频句型，意为 “做某事花费某人多长时间”。结构：It + takes/took + sb. + 时间段 + to do sth.；过去动作用 took，常态用 takes。 考点练习 ( ) It_________me two hours to finish my homework yesterday. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 2. stop ... from doing sth. 原句：This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake! 考点解析：固定搭配 “阻止…… 做某事”，同义短语 prevent ... from doing sth.，被动语态中 from 不可省略。 考点练习 The heavy rain stopped us_________(go) out to play. 3. can’t afford to do sth. 原句：We can’t afford to make any mistakes. 考点解析：意为 “承担不起（后果）”，后接动词原形；afford 还可表示 “买得起”。 考点练习 ( ) We_________make mistakes in this important experiment. A. can afford to B. can’t afford to C. afford D. not afford 4. different from 原句：the exercise equipment is very different from what we use on Earth. 考点解析：固定短语 “与…… 不同”，书面语优先使用 different from。 考点练习 ( ) My pen is different_________yours. A. with B. from C. at D. for 5. lose & loss 词性转换 原句：we start losing muscle / slow down the muscle loss 考点解析：lose (v.) 失去；loss (n.) 流失 / 损失，词形转换为高频考点。 考点练习 1.He_________his keys yesterday. (lose) 2.The_________of water is a big problem here. (lose) 6. turn out 短语用法 原句：It turns out that eating can be a pleasure in space too! 考点解析：turn out + that 从句，表示 “结果是；证明是”。 考点练习 ( ) It_________that he knew the truth all the time. A. turns out B. turns on C. turns off D. turns up 二、小试牛刀 —— 考点巩固提升 （一）单项选择（广东八年级统考真题） 1.It_________us three days to visit the space museum last week. A. take B. takes C. took D. taking 2.The trees can stop the wind_________blowing the soil away. A. from B. to C. for D. with 3.Young people can’t_________waste too much time on computer games. A. afford B. afford to C. be afford D. to afford 4.This kind of robot is quite different_________the old ones. A. from B. with C. to D. on 5.It_________that his idea was right in the end. A. turned on B. turned out C. turned off D. turned down 6.We must do exercise to stop muscle_________in our daily life. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing 7.—How long_________it_________you to walk to school every day? —About 15 minutes. A. do; take B. does; take C. did; take D. is; take 8.Nothing can stop us_________our dream. A. realize B. to realize C. from realizing D. realized （二）词形转换填空（单元统考真题） 1.She_________(lose) her new watch on her way home yesterday. 2.The_________(lose) of the beautiful painting made the artist sad. 3.The heavy snow stopped them_________(drive) cars on the road. 4.It takes my mother an hour_________(cook) dinner every day. 5.It_________(turn) out that they were old friends. （三）短语连线 1.take off A. 阻止做某事 2.stop ... from doing sth. B. 起飞 3.different from C. 结果是；证明是 4.turn out D. 与…… 不同 5.can’t afford to do sth. E. 日常作息 6.daily routine F. 承担不起做某事 【Part 5 阅读能力提升】 A. 话题短语积累 （一）核心单词翻译（汉译英） 1.宇航员 n. ___________ 2.轨道 n. ___________ 3.重力 n. ___________ 4.漂浮 v. ___________ 5.压力大的 adj. ___________ 6.肌肉 n. ___________ 7.装备 n. ___________ 8.调整 v. ___________ 9.指令 n. ___________ 10.令人惊奇的 adj. ___________ （二）高频短语翻译（汉译英） 1.地面指挥中心 ___________ 2.太空生活 ___________ 3.各类食物 ___________ 4.简单的任务 ___________ 5.太空行走 ___________ 6.地球的景色 ___________ 7.固定睡袋 ___________ 8.意外碰撞 ___________ 9.减缓肌肉流失 ___________ 10.保持身体健康 ___________ B. 话题写作句型 1.太空生活和地球上的生活有很大不同。 2.宇航员每天都有严格的日常作息，工作十分忙碌。 3.在太空坚持锻炼，对宇航员的身体健康至关重要。 4.虽然太空工作充满挑战，但太空行走是一段奇妙的经历。 【Part 6 综合阅读提升】 一、综合阅读 （一）完形填空（2025 广州八年级期末真题） 阅读短文，选择最佳选项。 Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut 1 went into space. His historic space journey took place on October 15, 2003. At that time, all Chinese people 2 excitedly in front of TVs, waiting for good news. Before the launch, Yang Liwei 3 strict training for many years. He learned all skills needed for space missions, such as controlling the spacecraft and dealing with sudden problems. When the Shenzhou V spacecraft lifted off, the whole country held its breath. The rocket flew higher and higher, and finally it 4 the Earth’s atmosphere. In space, Yang Liwei could see our blue and beautiful Earth clearly. He also watched the bright stars that looked much 5 than those on the ground. He did several scientific experiments 6 his mission. He recorded everything he saw in space 7 shared his feelings with people on Earth. Many people wonder 8 space travel is easy. In fact, it is full of difficulties. There is no gravity in space. Everything 9 , so even easy work becomes hard. But Yang Liwei never gave up. He is a hero 10 all Chinese people. 1.A. who B. which C. whose D. what 2.A. sit B. sat C. are sitting D. were sitting 3.A. receive B. receives C. received D. will receive 4.A. leave B. left C. leaves D. will leave 5.A. bright B. brighter C. brightest D. the brightest 6.A. during B. between C. among D. across 7.A. but B. or C. and D. so 8.A. if B. what C. how D. where 9.A. float B. floats C. floated D. floating 10.A. of B. for C. with D. to （二）阅读理解（2024 深圳单元统考真题） 阅读短文，选择最佳答案。 Do you want to know what astronauts eat in space? Different from the food on Earth, space food has special rules. First, space food must be easy to eat. There is no gravity in space. If food is too loose, it will float everywhere and may hurt astronauts or equipment. So most space food is sealed (密封的) in bags or boxes. Second, space food must be healthy and full of nutrition (营养). Astronauts need enough energy to finish hard work. Third, it should be easy to keep for a long time, because space missions usually last for weeks or even months. Now astronauts can enjoy many kinds of food, including rice, vegetables, meat and even desserts. Chinese astronauts can also have traditional Chinese food like dumplings and noodles. Scientists keep improving space food to make it more delicious. Eating in space is not just for filling stomachs. It is also a way for astronauts to relax and enjoy their life in space. 1.Why is most space food sealed? A. To make it look nice. B. To stop food from floating. C. To keep it warm. D. To make it delicious. 2.Which is NOT the rule of space food? A. Easy to eat. B. Full of nutrition. C. Easy to store. D. Very cheap. 3.What traditional Chinese food can Chinese astronauts eat in space? A. Hamburgers. B. Dumplings. C. Sandwiches. D. Ice cream. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A. Space food is all dry and terrible. B. Astronauts have no choice of food. C. Scientists are making space food better. D. Eating in space is only for energy. 5.The passage mainly talks about \\\\\\. A. how astronauts work B. what space food is like C. life on the space station D. different space missions （三）语法填空（2025 沈阳八年级期末真题） 阅读短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空，每空一词。 Space life is quite different from life on Earth. It 1 (be) a wonderful but hard experience for astronauts. It 2 (take) about ten minutes for astronauts 3 (get) into orbit after taking off. In space, there 4 (be) no gravity, so everything 5 (float) around. Astronauts 6 (have) a lot of work to do every day. They must work carefully and can’t afford 7 (make) mistakes. They sleep in sleeping bags which 8 (stick) to the wall. Doing exercise is important for them, because it can slow down muscle 9 (lose). I think being an astronaut 10 (be) a great job. 二、话题写作（中考标准写作，80-100 词） 题目：太空生活 翻译短文，要求使用本单元词汇、句型，符合八年级写作要求。 太空生活与地球生活截然不同。在太空没有重力，所有东西都会漂浮。宇航员每天工作繁忙且必须格外小心，不能犯错。他们有各种各样的食物可以选择，睡觉需要把睡袋固定在墙上。锻炼对他们十分重要，可以防止肌肉流失。虽然太空工作充满挑战，但太空行走是一段很棒的经历。我十分敬佩宇航员，也梦想着有一天能探索太空。 参考答案与详细解析 Part 1 阅读理解选择题 答案：1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.C 解析 1.细节理解题。根据原文 It only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit 可知答案为 A。 2.细节理解题。文中提到太空食物种类丰富，且 eating can be a pleasure，说明食物多样且美味，选 B。 3.细节理解题。由 you do not experience gravity... so simple tasks seem harder 可知失重是工作困难的原因，选 B。 4.细节理解题。原文明确固定睡袋是为了防止漂浮、意外碰撞，选 C。 5.细节理解题。锻炼的核心作用是减缓肌肉流失，选 C。 6.细节判断题。原文表明太空健身设备和地球差异很大，C 选项表述错误。 Part 2 短语查找 + 短语填空 一、读文找短语 1.wait for instructions from ground control 2.take off 3.get into orbit 4.in fact 5.turn out 6.no gravity 7.float around 8.move very carefully 9.can’t afford to make mistakes 10.spacesuit 11.sleeping bag 12.daily routine 13.muscle loss 14.slow down the muscle loss 15.stay fit / keep healthy 16.gym 17.space station 18.make mistakes 19.hit ... by mistake 20.spacewalk 二、短语填空 1.took off 2.move very carefully 3.daily routine 4.float around 5.In fact 6.losing muscle 7.wait for instructions from ground control 8.can’t afford to 9.gym 10.hit 11.spacesuits 12.spacewalk 13.slow down the muscle loss 14.It turns out 15.get into orbit Part 3 句型翻译 + 仿写 A. 句型翻译 1.At last, we reached the space station, and it would be my new home for a while. 2.In fact, we can choose from many types of food, such as fruit, nuts, chicken, beef and seafood. 3.Being an astronaut is hard because there is no gravity when you are in orbit. 4.I stick my sleeping bag to the wall. This stops me from floating around the room and hitting something by mistake. 5.Exercise can slow down the muscle loss. We will become very weak if we don’t exercise after returning to Earth. B. 仿写 1.It only takes half an hour to finish the work. 2.We can choose from many after-school activities, such as running, drawing and singing. 3.It is raining heavily outside, so we have to stay at home. 4.Wearing masks can stop germs from getting into our bodies. 5.Reading can broaden our horizons. Part 4 核心考点练习 基础考点练习 1.C 解析：yesterday 为过去时间，用一般过去时 took。 2.going 解析：stop sb. from doing sth. 固定搭配。 3.B 解析：can’t afford to do sth. 承担不起做某事。 4.B 解析：be different from 固定短语，意为 “与…… 不同”。 5.lost；loss 解析：第一空用动词过去式；第二空用名词形式表 “损失”。 6.A 解析：turn out that... 结果是、证明是。 （一）单项选择 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 解析 1.last week 用一般过去时，选 took。 2.stop ... from doing 固定搭配。 3.can’t afford to do 后接动词原形。 4.be different from 固定搭配。 5.turn out 符合句意 “结果证明他的想法是对的”。 6.muscle loss 名词短语，意为 “肌肉流失”。 7.常态动作用一般现在时，主语 it 助动词用 does。 8.stop sb. from doing 固定搭配。 （二）词形转换填空 1.lost 2.loss 3.driving 4.to cook 5.turned （三）短语连线 1-B 2-A 3-D 4-C 5-F 6-E Part 5 话题短语 & 句型 （一）核心单词 1.astronaut 2. orbit 3. gravity 4. float 5. stressful 2.muscle 7. equipment 8. adjust 9. instruction 10. amazing （二）高频短语 1.ground control 2. life in space 3. many types of food 2.simple tasks 5. spacewalk 6. the view of the Earth 3.stick the sleeping bag 8. hit by mistake 4.slow down the muscle loss 10. keep healthy 话题写作句型 1.Life in space is very different from life on Earth. 2.Astronauts have a strict daily routine and they are very busy every day. 3.Doing exercise in space is very important for astronauts’ health. 4.Although working in space is full of challenges, a spacewalk is an amazing experience. Part 6 综合阅读提升 （一）完形填空 答案：1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.A 解析 1.定语从句，先行词是人，关系代词用 who。 2.过去进行时，描述过去某个时刻正在发生的动作。 3.多年前接受训练，使用一般过去时 received。 4.动作发生在过去，用 leave 的过去式 left。 5.much 修饰形容词比较级，选 brighter。 6.during 在…… 期间，符合语境。 7.并列关系，用 and 连接两个动作。 8.if 引导宾语从句，意为 “是否”。 9.客观真理用一般现在时，everything 作主语，谓语动词用单数 floats。 10.a hero of all Chinese people 全体中国人的英雄。 （二）阅读理解 答案：1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 解析 1.细节题。密封食物是为了防止失重环境下食物漂浮，选 B。 2.细节判断题。文中未提及太空食物需要价格低廉，D 错误。 3.细节题。文中提到中国宇航员可以吃到饺子，选 B。 4.细节题。科学家一直在改良太空食物，让口感更好，选 C。 5.主旨题。全文围绕太空食物展开，选 B。 （三）语法填空 答案 1.is 2.takes 3.to get 4.is 5.floats 6.have 7.to make 8.are stuck 9.loss 10.is 解析 11.客观描述，一般现在时。 12.It takes sb. to do 固定句型。 13.固定结构 to do 作真正主语。 14.there be 句型，gravity 为不可数名词，用 is。 15.客观事实，一般现在时，谓语单数。 16.主语为 astronauts，谓语用原形。 17.can’t afford to do 固定搭配。 18.被动语态，睡袋被固定在墙上。 19.muscle loss 名词短语。 20.主语为动名词短语，谓语用单数。 话题写作 参考范文 Life in Space Life in space is quite different from life on Earth. There is no gravity in space, so everything floats around. Astronauts are busy all day and they have to work carefully without making mistakes. They can choose different kinds of food and stick sleeping bags to walls when sleeping. Doing exercise is important to stop muscle loss. Though space work is challenging, spacewalk is fantastic. I look up to astronauts and dream of exploring space one day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $