内容正文:
八年级下册U5单元整理
一、单词表
Section A
1.temper n. 脾气;怒气
2.earthquake n. 地震
3.typhoon n. 台风
4.wildfire n. 野火
5.snowstorm n. 雪暴;暴风雪
6.flood n. 水灾;洪水 v. 泛滥;淹没
7.drought n. 久旱;旱灾
8.warn v. 警告;提醒注意
9.wave n. 波浪;波;挥手 v. 挥手;挥舞
10.tsunami n. 海啸
11.interview n. 采访;面试 v. 采访;对(某人)进行面试
12.possibly adv. 可能;或许
13.report n. & v. 汇报;报道
14.neighbourhood n. 街区;临近的地方
15.roof n. 屋顶;顶部
16.nearly adv. 几乎;差不多;将近
17.trouble n. 苦恼;困难 v. 使忧虑、苦恼;劳驾;麻烦
18.relative n. 亲戚;亲属 adj. 相对的;相关的
19.truck n. 卡车
20.supply n. 供应(量);(复数)补给品 v. 供应;供给
21.preparation n. 准备(工作);预备
22.power n. 权力;权势;电力供应;能量;力量 v. 推动,驱动
23.soundly adv. (睡觉)酣畅地;可靠地;完全彻底地
24.thick adj. 厚的;浓密的;稠的;浓的
25.beat v. 敲;打
26.hide v. 躲藏;隐蔽
27.tornado n. 龙卷风;旋风
Section B
1.worst adj. & adv. 最坏(的);最糟(的)
2.schoolgirl n. (学校的)女生
3.froth n. 泡;泡沫
4.refuse v. 拒绝;推却
5.security n. 安全;保安;保障
6.guard n. 卫兵;保卫人员 v. 保卫
7.nearby adj. 附近的 adv. 在附近
8.scream v. 尖叫
9.thankfully adv. 幸亏;感激地
10.knowledge n. 知识;学问
11.thinking n. 思考;想法
12.sudden adj. 突然的;骤然的
13.thunder n. 雷;雷声 v. 打雷;发出雷鸣般响声
14.hero n. 英雄;男主角;偶像
15.landslide n. (山坡或悬崖的)滑坡;塌方
16.safeguard v. 保护;捍卫 n. 安全设施
17.floodwater n. 洪水
18.manpower n. 劳动力;人力
19.heartbeat n. 心跳(声)
20.rescue n. 救援 v. 援救;营救
21.heatwave n. 热浪
22.since prep. /adv./conj. 自…… 以后;从…… 以来;既然;由于
23.southwestern adj. 西南的;西南方的
24.firefighter n. 消防队员
25.volunteer n. 志愿者;自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做;义务做
26.terribly adv. 非常糟糕地;非常
27.alarm n. 警报(器);惊恐
28.review v. 复习;回顾;复查 n. 回顾;审查
29.usual adj. 通常的;寻常的
30.unlucky adj. 不幸的;不顺利的;不吉利的
31.rainy adj. 阴雨的;多雨的
二、重点词形变换
1.warn v. 警告;提醒注意 —warning n. 警告
2.interview n. 采访;面试 v. 采访;对 (某人) 进行面试interviewer n. 面试官;采访者interviewee n. 受访者;被面试者
3.possible adj. 可能的 —possibly adv. 可能;或许 —impossible adj. 不可能的
4.prepare v. 使做好准备;把…… 预备好 —preparation n. 准备 (工作);预备
5.power n. 电力供应;能量;力量 —powerful adj. 强有力的;有影响力的
6.beat v. 敲;打 —(过去式) beat—(过去分词) beaten
7.hide v. 躲藏;隐蔽 —(过去式) hid—(过去分词) hidden
8.bad adj. & adv. 坏 (的);糟糕 (的)worse adj. & adv. 更坏 (的);更糟糕 (的)worst adj. & adv. 最坏 (的);最糟 (的)
9.thankful adj. 感激的 —thankfully adv. 幸亏;感激地
10.knowledge n. 知识;学问 —knowledgeable adj. 知识渊博的
11.hero n. 英雄;男主角;偶像 —(复数) heroes
12.sudden adj. 突然的;骤然的 —suddenly adv. 突然;骤然
13.usual adj. 通常的;寻常的unusual adj. 不寻常的usually adv. 通常地
14.luck n. 运气lucky adj. 幸运的 —luckily adv. 幸运地unlucky adj. 不幸的 —unluckily adv. 不幸地15 rain n. 雨 v. 下雨 —rainy adj. 阴雨的;多雨的
三、重点短语
1.do chores 做家务
2.at the time of . . . 在…… 时候
3.take place 发生;进行
4. pay attention to 注意
5. make preparations 作准备
6. go out (火或灯光) 熄灭
7. warn sb. of. . . 提醒某人……
8. rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
9. look up 抬头往上看
10. beat against their roof 敲打着他们的屋顶
11. one another 互相;彼此
12. bring everyone closer together 让所有人更亲近
13. walk along the beach 沿着海滩散步
14. on top of 在…… 顶部
15. instead of 代替;而不是
16. take a single step further 往前再走一步17. jump into action right away 立即采取行动
18. as. . . as sb. can 尽某人所能地……
19. between life and death 在生死之间
20. thanks to 多亏,由于
21. except for 除…… 之外
22. as soon as 一…… 就……
23. sweep through the forests and mountains 横扫森林和山脉
24. put out the fires 扑灭火
25. stay away from 远离,不接近 (某人);不去 (某处)
26. give up 放弃
27. by the end of 在…… 结束前
28 .go off (警报器等) 突然发出巨响
29. wake up 醒来;叫醒
30. all of a sudden 突然
31. by the time 到…… 的时候
32. out of breath 上气不接下气
33. as a result 因此,结果
34. go wrong 出现问题;发生故障;搞错
四、常考的固定搭配
1. cause sb/sth. to do sth. 导致某人 / 某物做某事
2. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
3 . It's + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的。
4. start to do sth/start doing sth. 开始做某事
5. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
8. warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
9. manage to do sth. 设法做成某事
10. too + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. 太……(某人) 不能……
5、 必背句型
① What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?下大雪的时候你在做什么?(过去进行时;while 引导时间状语从句)
② When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner.当我的邻居打电话来时,我的家人正在吃饭。(when 引导时间状语从句)
③ Two weeks before, her geography teacher explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis!两周前,她的地理老师解释说海底地震会产生危险的海浪,称为海啸!(that 引导宾语从句;过去分词短语作后置定语)
④ Tilly's father believed her as soon as she told her family about the strong waves.蒂莉一告诉她的家人有关大浪的事情,她的父亲就相信了她。(as soon as 引导时间状语从句)
⑤ The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!风太大了,我没法打伞!(too + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth. 太……(某人) 不能……)
七、语法重点
1. 过去进行时
①基本定义
表示过去某一具体时刻、某一段时间内,正在发生、正在进行的动作。
②基本结构
肯定句:主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing
否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 动词 - ing
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 - ing ?
人称搭配
单数主语 (I/he/she/it) → 用 was
复数主语 (we/you/they) → 用 were
例句拆解
原句:What were you doing while it was snowing heavily?(下雪的整个过程里,你当时一直在做什么事)
常见用法场景
1.描述长动作背景:过去一个持续的长动作正在进行时
2.长短动作搭配:长动作(过去进行时)+ 短突发动作(一般过去时)
2. when & while 引导时间状语从句
① while 用法
从句动作可持续、长动作,多用过去进行时
强调两个动作同时持续发生
翻译:正当…… 的时候
例句:It was snowing heavily, and I was staying indoors.天正下着大雪,我一直待在室内。
② when 用法
既可以接短瞬间动作(一般过去时),也可以接长动作。常用来表示一个短动作打断了另一个正在进行的长动作。
例句:When the neighbour called, we were having dinner.邻居打来电话(短动作)的时候,我们正在吃饭(长持续动作)。
when & while 核心区别
引导词
从句动作特点
常用时态
核心逻辑
while
延续性长动作
过去进行时
两个动作同步进行
when
短 / 长动作都可
一般过去时居多
突然发生、打断背景动作
3. that 引导宾语从句
①基本结构
主语 + 及物动词(explain/believe/say/think 等)+ that + 完整陈述句
②用法说明
⑴that 只起连接作用,无实际词义,口语和非正式书写中可以省略
⑵从句语序必须为陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后)
⑶时态呼应:主句为过去时,从句要使用对应的过去相关时态
例句拆解:
原句:teacher explained that earthquakes could create dangerous waves老师解释了(这件事):海底地震会产生危险海浪
4. as soon as 引导时间状语从句
①含义:一…… 就……,强调两个过去动作前后紧密衔接、立刻发生
②过去语境时态规则
主句、从句统一使用一般过去时
例句:She told them the danger as soon as she saw the waves.她一看到大浪,就立刻把危险告诉了家人。
5. too...to... 固定句型
标准结构
too + 形容词 + (for sb.) + to do sth.
含义:太…… 以至于(某人)不能够做某事
例句拆解:原句:The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella.风太大了,我没办法撑开雨伞。
同义转换
= The wind was so strong that I couldn't use my umbrella.
七、主题写作:介绍坏天气下糟糕的经历
文章三段式结构
①开头段(开篇引入,交代背景)
1.总起:人生总会遇到突如其来的恶劣天气与意外经历
2.点明主题:引出一次你亲身经历的糟糕天气事件(暴风雨、大雪、台风、强风暴雨等)
3.交代时间、地点、整体感受
②中间段(过程细节,叙事核心)
1.描写天气变化:天气一开始的样子→突然恶化的过程
2.动作画面:当时你和身边人正在做什么(用上过去进行时)
3.突发状况:遇到了哪些麻烦、危险、不便
4.自救与应对:你当时的反应、大家的做法、事情的发展
5.语法加分:主动用上 when/while/as soon as/too...to/so...that 等句型
③ 结尾段(总结感受,升华感悟)
1.事件结局:天气好转、危险解除、最后结果
2.个人心情:当时的害怕、事后的庆幸、难忘的感受
3.道理收获:学到的安全常识、面对灾害的经验、生命感悟
高分万能常用句型
①开头段常用句
1.I still remember a terrible weather experience that happened last year.我依然记得去年一次糟糕的天气经历。
2.Last weekend, a heavy storm suddenly came when I was out.上周末,我在外面的时候,一场大暴雨突然来袭。
3.Bad weather can bring us unexpected trouble sometimes.糟糕的天气有时会给我们带来意料之外的麻烦。
②中间段叙事常用句
1.It was raining heavily while I was walking home.我走路回家的时候,天正下着瓢泼大雨。
2.When the strong wind arrived, we were playing outside happily.狂风来临的时候,我们正在外面开心玩耍。
3.The wind was too strong for us to walk forward easily.风太大了,我们很难稳稳向前走。
4.As soon as we saw the dark sky, we ran back into the house quickly.我们一看见天色变暗,就立刻跑回了屋里。
5.Everything was so scary that I felt really nervous at that moment.一切都太吓人了,那一刻我非常紧张。
③结尾段升华常用句
1.Luckily, everyone was safe in the end.幸运的是,最后所有人都平安无事。
2.This terrible experience will never disappear from my memory.这段糟糕的经历我永远都不会忘记。
3.From this experience, I learned that we should always pay attention to weather safety.从这次经历里,我明白了我们一定要时刻注意天气安全。
参考范文
A Terrible Storm Experience
I still remember a terrible storm I experienced last summer. It was an ordinary afternoon at first, and no one expected the bad weather coming.
When the sky turned dark suddenly, my family were having a rest at home. While we were talking happily, strong winds started to blow heavily outside. The wind was too strong for people to stand outside, and even the trees were shaking wildly. As soon as we heard the loud thunder, we closed all the windows right away. I was so scared that I could hardly say a word. We stayed inside and waited for the storm to pass.
After half an hour, the storm slowly stopped. Luckily, nothing bad happened to our house and all of us were fine. This terrible experience taught me that we must learn about weather safety and stay calm when danger comes. It is always important to protect ourselves from bad natural disasters.
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