期末阅读理解能力提升（专项训练）- 2025-2026学年人教PEP版（2012）英语五年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦小学英语阅读理解细节理解能力，通过6篇不同主题短文（行为选择、学校变化等）及30道单选题，系统训练信息定位与文本理解，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |行为选择|5题|细节理解题，直接对应原文信息|围绕“选择近路-放弃-走小路”情节，问题与原文行动原因、结果一一对应| |学校变化|5题|细节理解题，对比今昔差异|通过“现在-过去”对比结构，问题聚焦物品使用、活动场所等具体差异| |仙人掌特征|5题|细节理解题，考查生物特性|围绕生长环境、茎功能、刺作用等生物特征，问题对应原文描述| |盐沼生态|5题|细节理解题，探究自然现象|以“盐与微生物-颜色-外观-微生物特性”为逻辑链，问题指向生态特征| |大脑功能|5题|细节理解题，解析人体器官|按“功能-控制内容-信息处理-强化方式”展开，问题对应大脑作用机制| |小镇秩序|5题|细节理解题，呈现变化过程|以“混乱-时钟出现-秩序变好”叙事线，问题聚焦变化前后状态|

阅读理解 第一篇 A boy finds a shortcut（近路）on the grass. He wants to walk across it to get home faster. But he soon changes his idea. He does not want to hurt the green grass. So he walks on the small path（小路）instead. The boy feels happy and proud（自豪的）. He knows he makes a good choice. 阅读理解（单项选择） ( ) 1. Where is the shortcut? A. On the grass B. On the road C. In a park D. Near a river ( ) 2. Why does the boy want to take the shortcut at first? A. To play on the grass B. To get home faster C. To pick flowers D. To meet his friend ( ) 3. Why does he give up the shortcut? A. The grass is too tall B. He is afraid of falling C. He doesn't want to hurt the grass D. The way is too long ( ) 4. What does the boy take finally? A. The grass B. The small path C. A bus D. A bike ( ) 5. How does the boy feel at last? A. Sad and tired B. Happy and proud C. Bored and quiet D. Worried and shy 第二篇 Schools today are different from schools long ago. Now students put their things into schoolbags (书包). In the past, students used book straps (书带) to carry books. We play on big playgrounds (操场) at school now. But there were no playgrounds before. Kids played in open fields. One thing never changes: all students go to school to study hard. 阅读理解（单项选择） ( ) 1. What do students use to carry things now? A. Schoolbags B. Book straps C. Boxes D. Baskets ( ) 2. Long ago, what did students use to carry books? A. Schoolbags B. Book straps C. Bags D. Hands ( ) 3. Where do students play at school today? A. Open fields B. Big playgrounds C. Streets D. Rooms ( ) 4. Where did kids play long ago? A. On playgrounds B. In open fields C. At home D. In libraries ( ) 5. What is the same for all students? A. They all have big schoolbags B. They all play on playgrounds C. They all go to school to study hard D. They all use book straps 第三篇 Hello! I am a cactus（仙人掌）. I live in the hot desert（沙漠）. My green stem（茎）stores water to help me live. I have sharp spines（尖刺）. They protect me from hungry animals. Sometimes I grow beautiful bright flowers. I am a tough（顽强的）plant! 阅读理解 单项选择 ( ) 1. Where does the cactus live? A. In cold mountains B. In the hot desert C. By the river D. In wet forests ( ) 2. What can the cactus’s green stem do? A. Store water B. Grow flowers C. Keep animals away D. Catch rain ( ) 3. What are the cactus’s sharp spines for? A. To get sunlight B. To protect it from hungry animals C. To drink water D. To make fruit ( ) 4. What can the cactus grow sometimes? A. Big leaves B. Beautiful bright flowers C. Long roots D. Sweet fruit ( ) 5. What kind of plant is the cactus? A. A weak plant B. A tough plant C. A small grass D. A tall tree 第四篇 Salt marshes（盐沼）have lots of salt. Different salt and tiny microbes（微生物）make salt marshes bright and colourful. We can see red, yellow and green colours there. If we look down from the sky, the salt marsh looks like a colourful carpet（地毯）. The red microbes in salt marshes can stand much salt. They can live in salty places where most small creatures（小生物）cannot live. 阅读理解单项选择 ( ) 1. What are salt marshes full of? A. Water B. Salt C. Sand D. Trees ( ) 2. What makes salt marshes have bright colours? A. Wind and rain B. Salt and tiny microbes C. Birds and flowers D. Rocks and stones ( ) 3. What colours can we see in salt marshes? A. Red, yellow and green B. Blue, white and black C. Pink, orange and purple D. Brown, grey and gold ( ) 4. What does a salt marsh look like from the sky? A. A big lake B. A colourful carpet C. A tall mountain D. A small house ( ) 5. Why can red microbes live in salt marshes? A. They love fresh water B. They can stand lots of salt C. They eat small creatures D. They can fly in the sky 第五篇 The brain（大脑）is the body’s command centre（指挥中心）. It controls our thoughts, speech and movement（行动）. All we see and hear goes to the brain, then we know what to do. Reading, thinking and learning new things make the brain stronger and work better. It is just like doing daily exercise for our brain. 阅读理解单选题 ( ) 1. What is the brain like? A. A big box B. The body’s command centre C. A small ball D. A nice toy ( ) 2. What does the brain NOT control? A. Our thoughts B. Our speech C. Our hair colour D. Our movement ( ) 3. Where do the things we see and hear go? A. To our hands B. To our brain C. To our feet D. To our eyes ( ) 4. What helps the brain grow stronger? A. Sleeping all day B. Reading, thinking and learning new things C. Watching TV all the time D. Eating lots of candy ( ) 5. Reading and learning new things are like ______. A. good exercise for the brain B. playing outside C. drinking water D. running fast 第六篇 Muddle Town was very messy（杂乱的）at first. People did things freely. Kids were late for school. Mr Baker made bad bread. Workers could not finish their work on time. Then a clock came to the town. Everyone learned to keep time. Kids got to school punctually（准时地）. The baker made soft nice bread. Workers finished their jobs as planned. Finally, the town became tidy and orderly（井然有序的）. 阅读理解单选题 ( ) 1. What was Muddle Town like at first? A. Clean and quiet B. Totally messy C. Small and warm D. Big and beautiful ( ) 2. Who always messed up baking bread before? A. Kids B. Workers C. Mr Baker D. A teacher ( ) 3. What came to the town later? A. A new school B. A clock C. Lots of bread D. Many toys ( ) 4. After people learned to keep time, kids ______. A. stayed at home B. went to school punctually C. played all day D. helped bake bread ( ) 5. How was the town in the end? A. Tidy and orderly B. Still messy C. Empty and quiet D. Dark and cold 参考答案 第一篇 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 第二篇 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 第三篇 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 第四篇 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.B 第五篇 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 第六篇 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A 全文中文翻译 第一篇 一个男孩在草地上发现了一条近路。他想从草地上穿行，以此快点回家。 但他很快改变了主意，他不想伤害这片青草。于是他改走旁边的小路。 男孩心里开心又自豪，他知道自己做出了正确的选择。 第二篇 如今的学校和很久以前的学校大不相同。现在学生们把物品放进书包里。在过去，学生们用系带捆书。 现在我们在宽阔的操场上玩耍，而以前并没有操场，孩子们只能在空地上嬉戏。 有一件事始终没有改变：所有学生上学都是为了努力学习。 第三篇 大家好，我是仙人掌。我生长在炎热的沙漠之中。我绿色的茎可以储存水分，维持生命。我长着尖锐的刺，用来抵御饥饿的动物。有时我还会开出艳丽的花朵。我是一种生命力十分顽强的植物！ 第四篇 盐沼中含有大量盐分。盐分和微小的微生物让盐沼变得色彩绚丽。在这里我们能看到红色、黄色和绿色。从空中俯瞰，盐沼就像一块五彩斑斓的地毯。 盐沼里的红色微生物耐盐性很强，它们可以在大多数小生物都无法生存的咸水环境中存活。 第五篇 大脑是人体的指挥中心。它掌控着我们的思想、语言和行动。我们的所见所闻都会传递给大脑，之后我们就知道该如何行动。 阅读、思考以及学习新知识，能让大脑变得更强大、运转得更好。这就好比给大脑做日常锻炼。 第六篇 起初，杂乱镇一片混乱。人们做事毫无秩序，孩子们上学迟到，面包师做的面包口感很差，工人们也无法按时完成工作。 后来，一座时钟来到了小镇。所有人都学会了守时。孩子们准时到校，面包师做出了松软可口的面包，工人们也按计划完成了工作。最终，这个小镇变得整洁又井然有序。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $