Unit 5 Launching Your Career Review useful structures 学案-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语导学案聚焦“句子结构”核心知识点，涵盖简单句五种基本句型、并列句、主从复合句、并列复合句及长难句分析方法。课堂导入从长句构成切入，通过定义解析、例句示范、填空练习等环节，构建从基础句型到复杂结构的学习支架，帮助学生厘清句子层次脉络。 这份资料特色在于结合高考真题例句（如2023新高考Ⅰ卷长句）设计分层练习，通过句子结构拆解与翻译提升语言能力，培养分析推断的思维品质，同时提供清晰的解题思路与答案解析，助力学生掌握自主学习策略，适合高三语法复习或高二句型巩固。

UNIT 5 LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER Review useful structures I.Lead-in 长句之所以长，是因为含有较多较长的修饰成分，或是包括多个并列句或从句。理解长句的基础是厘清句子的结构层次。 Sentences types 句子类型 一、简单句 简单句的五种基本句型 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 二、并列句 1. 定义 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词，如and, but, or, so等或分号来连接。例如： eg. The food was delicious, but he had little appetite this morning. One of the clock’s hands is short; the other two are long. 2. 并列句的分类 表并列关系，连接词有：and, not only...but also, neither...nor, both...and, not...but…. etc. I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him. The new job is not a promotion as such, but it has good prospects. 表转折关系：but, yet, whereas, nevertheless (但是；然而) Han likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. Jenny said that she was ill, yet/but/whereas I saw her in the shop just now. 表选择关系：or, otherwise, or else, either...or Hurry up, or we’ll miss the first train to Shanghai. -- Either you are mad or I am. --- Both, sir. 表因果关系：for, so You’d better stay at home, for it was raining outside and a bit cold. Henry hadn’t studied very hard, so he failed in the final exam. 表对比关系： while I do almost all of our housework while my husband Tom just helps me to clean floors now and then. 祈使句＋and/or ＋简单句 祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果，or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句多用一般将来时态。 Keep working hard, and you will achieve success. 继续努力，你就会成功的。 Never try to waste other people’s time, or we will be punished some day. 不要去浪费别人的时间，不然总有一天我们会受到惩罚。 在空白处填入适当的并列连词 ① She’s not only a great dramatic actress ____________ she’s also very funny. ② He has plenty of money ____________ he can spend it freely. ③ Leave it with me ___________ I will see what I can do with it. ④ Don’t drive so fast ____________ you’ll have an accident. ⑤ The shops were closed ____________ I didn’t get any milk. 三、主从复合句 复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成 （在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。此时关联词也叫从属连词，它在主句与从句之间起连接作用。） 主从复合句的分类： 根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。 状语从句 时间，原因，地点，比较，方式等... 引导词：when / since / the minute / where / because / so that / as long as / unless / though / whatever / as ... as ... 3种 从句 定语从句 限制性、非限制性定语从句关系词：who / whom / which / that / whose / as/when / where / why 类型 名词性从句 主从，宾从，表从，同位从连接词：that / whether / if / what / when / which / why / how / whichever ... 分析下列长句，并译成汉语 When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) [分析]　本句为主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句；if引导________从句；people were making为省略了关系代词的______________从句，修饰先行词___________。 翻译：_________________________________________________________________________ 在空白处填入适当的引导词 ①It is still unknown ____________ team will win the match. ②The road is covered with snow.I can’t understand _________ they insist on going by motorbike. ③After three days’ waiting，there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind ________ the police could find her lost child. ④The fact ____________ he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 四、并列复合句 并列复合句：指并列句、复合句混合在一个句子里，或者说，一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。 I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school，but one day I chanced to show up for an after－school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. (but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中what引导宾语从句) 五、长难句的分析方法 If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. 一、简单句的五种基本句型 1.主语 + 谓语（不及物动词） （S+Vi） 例：He works hard. 2.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语 （S+Vt+O） 例：I love English. 3.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （S+V+P） 例：She is a teacher. 4.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （S+Vt+IO+DO） 例：He gave me a book. 5.主语 + 谓语（及物动词） + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （S+Vt+O+OC） 例：We made him monitor. 二、并列句：在空白处填入适当的并列连词 ① She’s not only a great dramatic actress but she’s also very funny. （not only...but also... 固定搭配，表并列） ② He has plenty of money so he can spend it freely. （表因果关系：有钱所以可以自由花） ③ Leave it with me and I will see what I can do with it. （祈使句 + and + 简单句，表承接结果） ④ Don’t drive so fast or you’ll have an accident. （祈使句 + or + 简单句，表相反结果：否则） ⑤ The shops were closed so I didn’t get any milk. （表因果关系：商店关门了，所以没买到牛奶） 三、主从复合句 长句分析与翻译 When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。When 引导时间状语从句；if 引导宾语从句；people were making 为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词messes。 翻译： 随着年龄增长，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱。 在空白处填入适当的引导词 ①It is still unknown which team will win the match. （主语从句，表 “哪一个”） ②The road is covered with snow.I can’t understand why they insist on going by motorbike. （宾语从句，表 “为什么”） ③After three days’ waiting，there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind whether the police could find her lost child. （同位语从句，doubt 后用 whether 表 “是否”） ④The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. （同位语从句，that 解释说明 fact 的内容，无实义） 五、长难句分析（补充） If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. 结构拆解： 1.If 引导条件状语从句：If you want to hold a koala 2.主句：you have to go to certain licensed zoos 3.where 引导定语从句，修饰 zoos：where animal experts make sure... 4.make sure 后接两个并列的that引导的宾语从句： ￮that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact ￮that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions 翻译： 如果你想要抱考拉，你必须去特定的持证动物园，在那里动物专家会确保每次选出的考拉都处于适合人类接触的良好状态，并且它们被人类接触的时间和频次都受到限制。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $