计算(综合训练)-2025-2026学年四年级下册数学人教版

2026-06-22
| 12页
| 320人阅读
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摘要:

**基本信息** 以运算能力为核心,系统整合整数小数运算、运算律及思维拓展,通过分层训练构建“基础-简算-应用”逻辑链,培养推理意识与创新意识。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础运算|多单元直接写得数、竖式计算|竖式验算规则、口算技巧|从整数到小数运算,夯实计算基本功| |简便计算|第三、六、十单元简算题|加法/乘法交换律结合律、分配律、凑整法|运算律从单一到综合应用,提升运算效率| |思维提升|还原问题、巧添运算符号、新“鸡兔同笼”|逆推法、符号组合推理、假设法|结合实际情境,发展逻辑推理与创新意识|

内容正文:

四年级数学下册 计算专项练习 第一单元 一、直接写出得数。 78 + 56 = 134 - 67 = 360 + 480 = 95 - 38 = 87 + 46 = 120 - 58 = 700 + 300 = 325 + 168 = 156 - 89 = 84 + 67 = 450 - 280 = 643 + 82 = 600 + 800 = 820 + 190 = 8000 - 4000 = 680 - 90 = 426 + 385 = 803 - 264 = 400 - 358 = 280 + 820 = 48 + 927 = 837 - 724 = 923 - 518 = 134 - 67 = 486 - 256 = 275 + 135 = 243 + 187 = 560 - 430 = 72 × 3 = 846 ÷ 3 = 207 × 8 = 420 × 60 = 二、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。 369 + 486 = ☆ 736 - 298 = 478 + 326 = ☆485+297= 918 - 207 = 437 - 298 = 24 × 46 = ☆936 ÷ 26 = 663 ÷ 23 = 509 × 17 = 970 ÷ 50 = ☆87×564 = 三、计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。 167 + 289 + 33 + 211 49 × 25 + 25 × 51 125 × 32 × 25 72 × 99 + 72 735 - 35 - 65 145 × (100 - 1) 25 × 125 × 8 × 4 729 + 269 - 169 + 271 165 ÷ [3 × (57 - 52)] 135 × 99 + 135 75 ÷ 3 × 5 94 × 2 × 5 36 × 78 + 36 × 22 800 ÷ 25 607 × (57 - 23) 四、在○里填上“>”“<”或“=”。 360 - 60 + 40 ○ 360 - (60 - 40) 18 × 4 × 25 ○ 18 × (4 × 25) (56 - 56) ÷ 8 ○ 56 - 56 ÷ 8 180 - 20 × 4 ○ (180 - 20) × 4 36 ÷ 6 × 2 ○ 36 ÷ (6 × 2) 28 × (10 ÷ 5) ○ 28 × 10 ÷ 5 五、按顺序计算,在□里填上合适的数,并列出综合算式。 思维提升 巧添运算符号 在○里填上合适的运算符号,使等式成立。 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 1 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 2 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 0 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 24 第二单元 观察物体(二) 一、直接写出得数。 157 + 263 = 540 × 30 = 325 × 20 = 160 × 0 + 750 = 73 × 30 = 159 × 20 = 308 + 63 = 30 × 5 ÷ 5 × 30 = 800 ÷ 40 = 480 ÷ 16 = 104 × 9 = (163 - 83) ÷ 40 = 1100 ÷ 125 = 300 ÷ 30 = 850 ÷ 17 = 130 ÷ (28 ÷ 7) = 640 ÷ 32 = 863 - 36 = 788 - 80 = 8100 ÷ (9 × 45) = 944 + 126 = 705 × 10 = 134 + 76 = 42 × (340 - 290) = 686 - 236 = 700 ÷ 5 = 225 × 30 = 970 ÷ (83 - 70) = 二、计算下面各题。 950÷38×(715-678) [686÷(7+7)]×258 96+27×(42+216÷24) 89+(68-68÷4) 840÷84×44+48 260÷[255-(147+96)] 三、下面的物体分别是由几个小正方体摆成的? 第三单元 运算律 一、直接写出得数。 18 × 50 = 26 × 5 = 15 × 8 = 5 × 21 × 2 = 303 × 8 = 55 × 2 = 37 × 5 = 25 × 43 × 4 = 14 × 11 = 17 × 6 = 35 × 40 = 125 × 4 × 8 = 50 × 15 = 19 × 3 = 140 × 6 = 13 × 14 × 5 = 17 × 2 = 90 × 6 = 45 × 30 = 4 × 21 × 15 = 80 × 92 = 305 × 60 = 18 × 400 = 56 × 18 × 2 = 二、计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。 (25 × 96) × 4 83 × 125 × 8 125 × 18 × 5 198 × 50 × 2 125 × 14 × 8 (35 × 25) × 4 44 × 25 125 × (40 + 8) 78 × 80 + 122 × 80 152 × 5 × 4 35 × (100 - 1) 57 × 18 + 57 × 83 - 57 三、在□里填上合适的数,使算式能直接进行简便计算。 □ × 57 + 57 × 56 176 + 87 + □ □ × □ - 99 × 72 36 × 52 + □ × 52 239 × □ × 25 67 × 99 + □ 第四单元 小数的意义和性质 一、直接写出得数。 48 + 39 = 408 ÷ 8 = 0 × 456 = 7 × 3 × 45 = 900 ÷ 9 = 195 ÷ 5 = 970 ÷ 5 = 160 - 48 - 52 = 94 - 28 = 190 ÷ 5 = 225 ÷ 5 = 220 ÷ 4 + 50 = 380 - 49 = 35 × 20 = 78 + 134 = 23 × 4 × 5 = 106 + 204 = 50 × 18 = 210 ÷ 7 = 35 × 3 × 4 = 84 - 54 = 6 × 508 = 58 × 20 = 750 ÷ (5 × 2) = 二、化简下面的小数。 5.80 = 0.480 = 0.200 = 3.00 = 0.70 = 60.090 = 2.750 = 0.080 = 68.40 = 5.6000 = 2.5000 = 50.050 = 5.0600 = 8.400 = 6.0500 = 204.0200 = 三、在○里填上“>”“<”或“=”。 0.4 ○ 1.4 3.90 ○ 3.9 5.3 m ○ 5.8 m 9.32 ○ 9.302 13.02 ○ 13.0 4.62 kg ○ 4.26 kg 8.80 ○ 8.08 0.63 ○ 0.36 5.09元 ○ 5.9元 0.888 ○ 1 6.04 ○ 6.4 7.86 m ○ 7.847 m 第五单元 三角形 一、直接写出得数。 830 + 470 = 9100 - 600 = 110 × 54.8 = 946 - (146 + 53) = 8400 ÷ 1000 = 4.06 × 10 = 5600 ÷ 28 = 666 + 59 + 334 = 6.54 × 100 = 80 ÷ 100 = 7.39 × 100 = 35 × 49 ÷ 7 = 800 - 450 = 790 + 160 = 2.4 ÷ 10 = 35 + 87 × 10 = 1100 × 0.9 = 35 ÷ 10 = 540 + 490 = 14 + 70 × 6 = 70 + 750 = 603 × 9 = 408 ÷ 8 = 45 × 8 + 45 = 690 - 590 = 870 ÷ 29 = 8.03 ÷ 10 = 110 × 1.97 ÷ 10 = 二、思维提升 还原问题 一个数减去70,再乘70,再除以70,最后加上70,结果还是70。这个数是( )。 第六单元 小数的加法和减法 一、直接写出得数。 0.2 + 1.6 = 8.7 + 8.5 = 36.6 - 0.3 = 3.3 - 2.3 + 5.8 = 1.34 + 0.4 = 2.9 - 1.8 = 19.5 + 0.5 = 5.5 + 2.9 - 3.5 = 3.48 - 0.3 = 7.8 - 4.7 = 6.25 + 2.06 = 6.4 - 2 - 3.4 = 5.4 - 2.2 = 0.87 + 0.6 = 5.8 - 4.8 = 9.8 + 1.2 + 5.3 = 9.3 + 3.7 = 6.53 + 0.09 = 11.73 - 0.5 = 5.7 - 3.7 + 2.7 = 4 + 8.8 = 2.7 + 0.9 = 0.39 + 0.02 = 6 + 5.5 - 3.2 = 10.6 - 4.6 = 3.3 - 2.2 = 10.5 - 9.6 = 4.7 + 6.8 - 4.7 = 0.66 - 0.06 = 3 + 2.33 = 0.7 + 1.55 = 6.8 - 0 + 4.4 = 2、 计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。 3.3 + 5.34 + 6.7 10.72 + 4.7 - 3.72 3.8 + 1.37 + 6.2 + 12.63 25 - 4.7 - 5.3 0.34 + 0.41 + 0.59 16.2 - 4.26 + 13.8 - 5.74 27.3 + 53.62 + 72.7 6.07 - (4.3 + 0.07) 7.85 + 3.76 + 1.15 + 2.24 24.05 - 9.46 - 4.54 15.74 - (5.74 + 6.92) 98.76 - 12.62 - 8.76 - 58.38 第七单元 图形的运动(二) 1、 直接写出得数。 9 - 0.9 = 6.7 - 4.5 = 3.9 - 2.8 = 0.7 + 1.5 - 0.66 = 5.7 - 0.5 = 2 - 0.02 = 5.4 - 4.4 = 4 + 0.86 + 6.14 = 6.37 - 0.6 = 0.2 - 0.02 = 8.4 - 5.5 = 5.5 - 2.5 - 0.76 = 13.2 - 0.9 = 0.43 - 0.26 = 7.5 - 3.8 = 5.63 + 0.97 - 0.63 = 8.34 - 0.42 = 21.2 - 0.88 = 9.03 - 6.12 = 11 - (3.3 + 4.7)= 二、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。 8.76 + 24.6 = 6.45 - 3.59 = ☆ 24.58 + 7.64 = 13 - 6.57 = ☆ 19.4 + 5.48 = 17.39 - 8.68 = 第八单元 平均数与条形统计图 一、直接写出得数。 3.02 - 0.4 = 80 × 80 = 6.09 × 1000 = (19 - 10) × 13 = 0.97 - 0.7 = 200 × 0.5 = 0.96 + 1.04 = 170 + 50 ÷ 5 = 11 - 0.37 = 880 ÷ 44 = 740 + 280 = 32 - 0 ÷ 32 = 2.37 + 11.45 = 700 ÷ 7 = 893 + 193 = 50 ÷ 1000 × 10 = 50 × 600 = 0.59 + 3.03 = 67 × 60 = (83 + 17) ÷ 10 = 0.67 × 100 = 920 ÷ 8 = 0.49 × 10 = (35 + 5) × 4 = 二、求出下面每组数据的平均数。 (1) 463, 375, 924 (2) 74, 81, 72, 85 (3) 402, 403, 390, 418, 397 (4) 144, 145, 147, 153, 157, 154 第九单元 鸡兔同笼 1、 直接写出得数。 0.33 + 0.9 = 15 × 400 = 0.68 + 0.8 = 56 + 78 + 44 = 0.6 - 0.48 = 900 × 90 = 0.97 - 0.7 = 102 × 37 - 37 = 3.7 × 100 = 400 × 18 = 11 - 0.37 = 400 + 200 ÷ 5 = 4.6 ÷ 10 = 2800 ÷ 70 = 11 + 2.37 = 36 × 0 ÷ 100 = 二、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。 5.95 + 19.58 = 16.59 + 24.83 = ☆ 50.7 - 18.96 = 139 × 36 = ☆ 407 × 54 = 433 ÷ 38 = 思维提升 新“鸡兔同笼” 仙山上有九头鸟和九尾狐两种神兽,九头鸟有九头一尾,九尾狐有九尾一头。已知仙山上的九头鸟和九尾狐共有580个头和900条尾巴,则这座仙山上有( )只九头鸟,( )只九尾狐。 第十单元 总复习 一、直接写出得数。 36 × 110 = 48 + 184 = 46 × 50 = 6 × (36 + 14) = 336 × 7 = 378 ÷ 7 = 4800 ÷ 80 = (90 - 15) ÷ 5 = 448 - 168 = 500 - 107 = 488 ÷ 8 = 125 × 8 + 125 = 700 × 4 = 50 × 36 = 290 × 600 = 170 - (105 - 25) = 790 + 380 = 72 ÷ 24 = 870 - 504 = 96 ÷ (16 × 3) = 二、计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。 143 × 69 - 69 × 43 125 × 25 × 8 × 4 749 + 87 + 13 + 251 800 ÷ 16 ÷ 5 360 ÷ [(60 - 30) × 2] 88 × 36 三、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。 507 × 79 = ☆ 6780 ÷ 35 = 69.53 + 3.82 = 935 × 58 = 7200 ÷ 360 = ☆ 44.27 - 8.36 = 四年级数学下册 计算专项练习 参考答案 第一单元 一、直接写出得数 134,67,840,57 133,62,1000,493 67,151,170,725 1400,1010,4000,590 811,539,42,1100 975,113,405,67 230,410,430,130 216,282,1656,25200 二、列竖式计算 369+486=855 736-298=438(验算:438+298=736) 478+326=804 485+297=782(验算:782-297=485) 918-207=711 437-298=139 24×46=1104 936÷26=36(验算:36×26=936) 663÷23=28……19 509×17=8653 970÷50=19……20 87×564=49068(验算:49068÷87=564) 三、简便计算 167+289+33+211 = (167+33)+(289+211)=200+500=700 49×25+25×51 = 25×(49+51)=25×100=2500 125×32×25 = 125×8×4×25 = (125×8)×(4×25)=1000×100=100000 72×99+72 = 72×(99+1)=72×100=7200 735-35-65 = 735-(35+65)=735-100=635 145×(100-1) = 145×100-145×1=14500-145=14355 25×125×8×4 = (25×4)×(125×8)=100×1000=100000 729+269-169+271 = (729+271)+(269-169)=1000+100=1100 165÷[3×(57-52)] = 165÷[3×5]=165÷15=11 135×99+135 = 135×(99+1)=135×100=13500 75÷3×5 = 25×5=125 94×2×5 = 94×(2×5)=94×10=940 36×78+36×22 = 36×(78+22)=36×100=3600 800÷25 = 32(或800×4÷25×4=3200÷100=32) 607×(57-23) = 607×34=20638 四、在○里填上“>”“<”或“=” =,=,<,<,=,= 第二单元 观察物体(二) 一、直接写出得数 420,16200,6500,750 2190,3180,371,900 20,30,936,2 8.8,10,50,32.5 20,827,708,20 1070,7050,210,2100 450,140,6750,70 二、计算下面各题 950÷38×(715-678) = 25×37 = 925 [686÷(7+7)]×258 = [686÷14]×258 = 49×258 = 12642 96+27×(42+216÷24) = 96+27×(42+9) = 96+27×51 = 96+1377 = 1473 89+(68-68÷4) = 89+(68-17) = 89+51 = 140 840÷84×44+48 = 10×44+48 = 440+48 = 488 260÷[255-(147+96)] = 260÷[255-243] = 260÷12 = 21……8(或约21.67) 三、数小正方体个数 略 第三单元 运算律 一、直接写出得数 900,130,120,210 2424,110,185,4300 154,102,1400,4000 750,57,840,910 34,540,1350,1260 7360,18300,7200,2016 二、简便计算 (25×96)×4 = 25×4×96 = 100×96 = 9600 83×125×8 = 83×(125×8) = 83×1000 = 83000 125×18×5 = 125×(18×5) = 125×90 = 11250 198×50×2 = 198×(50×2) = 198×100 = 19800 125×14×8 = 125×8×14 = 1000×14 = 14000 (35×25)×4 = 35×(25×4) = 35×100 = 3500 44×25 = 11×4×25 = 11×100 = 1100 125×(40+8) = 125×40+125×8 = 5000+1000 = 6000 78×80+122×80 = (78+122)×80 = 200×80 = 16000 152×5×4 = 152×(5×4) = 152×20 = 3040 35×(100-1) = 35×100-35×1 = 3500-35 = 3465 57×18+57×83-57 = 57×(18+83-1) = 57×100 = 5700 三、填数(答案不唯一) 43×57+57×56(□=43) 176+87+□可填13凑整(□=13) 99×72(如填99×72-99×72=0) 36×52+64×52(□=64) 239×4×25(□=4) 67×99+67(□=67) 第四单元 小数的意义和性质 一、直接写出得数 87,51,0,945 100,39,194,60 66,38,45,105 331,700,212,460 310,900,30,420 30,3048,1160,75 二、化简小数 5.8,0.48,0.2,3 0.7,60.09,2.75,0.08 68.4,5.6,2.5,50.05 5.06,8.4,6.05,204.02 三、比较大小 <,=,<,>,>,>,>,>,<,<,<,> 第五单元 三角形 一、直接写出得数 1300,8500,6028,747 8.4,40.6,200,1059 654,0.8,739,245 350,950,0.24,905 990,3.5,1030,434 820,5427,51,405 100,30,0.803,21.67 二、思维提升 还原问题 这个数是70。 (逆推:70-70=0,0×70=0,0÷70=0,0+70=70) 第六单元 小数的加法和减法 一、直接写出得数 1.8,17.2,36.3,6.8 1.74,1.1,20,4.9 3.18,3.1,8.31,1 3.2,1.47,1,16.3 13,6.62,11.23,4.7 12.8,3.6,0.41,8.3 6,1.1,0.9,6.8 0.6,5.33,2.25,11.2 二、简便计算 3.3+5.34+6.7 = (3.3+6.7)+5.34 = 10+5.34 = 15.34 10.72+4.7-3.72 = 10.72-3.72+4.7 = 7+4.7 = 11.7 3.8+1.37+6.2+12.63 = (3.8+6.2)+(1.37+12.63) = 10+14 = 24 25-4.7-5.3 = 25-(4.7+5.3) = 25-10 = 15 0.34+0.41+0.59 = 0.34+(0.41+0.59) = 0.34+1 = 1.34 16.2-4.26+13.8-5.74 = (16.2+13.8)-(4.26+5.74) = 30-10 = 20 27.3+53.62+72.7 = (27.3+72.7)+53.62 = 100+53.62 = 153.62 6.07-(4.3+0.07) = 6.07-0.07-4.3 = 6-4.3 = 1.7 7.85+3.76+1.15+2.24 = (7.85+1.15)+(3.76+2.24) = 9+6 = 15 24.05-9.46-4.54 = 24.05-(9.46+4.54) = 24.05-14 = 10.05 15.74-(5.74+6.92) = 15.74-5.74-6.92 = 10-6.92 = 3.08 98.76-12.62-8.76-58.38 = (98.76-8.76)-(12.62+58.38) = 90-71 = 19 第七单元 图形的运动(二) 一、直接写出得数 8.1,2.2,1.1,1.54 5.2,1.98,1,11 5.77,0.18,2.9,2.24 12.3,0.17,3.7,5.97 7.92,20.32,2.91,3 二、竖式计算 8.76+24.6=33.36 6.45-3.59=2.86 24.58+7.64=32.22(验算:32.22-7.64=24.58) 13-6.57=6.43 19.4+5.48=24.88(验算:24.88-5.48=19.4) 17.39-8.68=8.71 第八单元 平均数与条形统计图 一、直接写出得数 2.62,6400,6090,117 0.27,100,2,180 10.63,20,1020,32 13.82,100,1086,0.5 30000,3.62,4020,10 67,115,4.9,160 二、求平均数 (1) 463+375+924=1762,1762÷3≈587.33 (2) 74+81+72+85=312,312÷4=78 (3) 402+403+390+418+397=2010,2010÷5=402 (4) 144+145+147+153+157+154=900,900÷6=150 第九单元 鸡兔同笼 一、直接写出得数 1.23,6000,1.48,178 0.12,81000,0.27,3700 370,7200,10.63,440 0.46,40,13.37,0 二、竖式计算 5.95+19.58=25.53 16.59+24.83=41.42 50.7-18.96=31.74(验算:31.74+18.96=50.7) 139×36=5004 407×54=21978(验算:21978÷54=407) 433÷38=11……15 思维提升 新“鸡兔同笼” 答:九头鸟54只,九尾狐94只。 第十单元 总复习 一、直接写出得数 3960,232,2300,300 2352,54,60,15 280,393,61,1125 2800,1800,174000,90 1170,3,366,2 二、简便计算 143×69-69×43 = 69×(143-43) = 69×100 = 6900 125×25×8×4 = (125×8)×(25×4) = 1000×100 = 100000 749+87+13+251 = (749+251)+(87+13) = 1000+100 = 1100 800÷16÷5 = 800÷(16×5) = 800÷80 = 10 360÷[(60-30)×2] = 360÷[30×2] = 360÷60 = 6 88×36 = (80+8)×36 = 80×36+8×36 = 2880+288 = 3168 三、竖式计算 507×79=40053 6780÷35=193……25(验算:193×35+25=6755+25=6780) 69.53+3.82=73.35 935×58=54230 7200÷360=20 44.27-8.36=35.91(验算:35.91+8.36=44.27) 【注】第二单元第3题“数小正方体个数”需根据原卷图片作答,此处因缺少图片无法给出具体数值,请对照图形数数即可。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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计算(综合训练)-2025-2026学年四年级下册数学人教版
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