摘要:
**基本信息**
以运算能力为核心,系统整合整数小数运算、运算律及思维拓展,通过分层训练构建“基础-简算-应用”逻辑链,培养推理意识与创新意识。
**综合设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|基础运算|多单元直接写得数、竖式计算|竖式验算规则、口算技巧|从整数到小数运算,夯实计算基本功|
|简便计算|第三、六、十单元简算题|加法/乘法交换律结合律、分配律、凑整法|运算律从单一到综合应用,提升运算效率|
|思维提升|还原问题、巧添运算符号、新“鸡兔同笼”|逆推法、符号组合推理、假设法|结合实际情境,发展逻辑推理与创新意识|
内容正文:
四年级数学下册 计算专项练习
第一单元
一、直接写出得数。
78 + 56 = 134 - 67 = 360 + 480 = 95 - 38 =
87 + 46 = 120 - 58 = 700 + 300 = 325 + 168 =
156 - 89 = 84 + 67 = 450 - 280 = 643 + 82 =
600 + 800 = 820 + 190 = 8000 - 4000 = 680 - 90 =
426 + 385 = 803 - 264 = 400 - 358 = 280 + 820 =
48 + 927 = 837 - 724 = 923 - 518 = 134 - 67 =
486 - 256 = 275 + 135 = 243 + 187 = 560 - 430 =
72 × 3 = 846 ÷ 3 = 207 × 8 = 420 × 60 =
二、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。
369 + 486 = ☆ 736 - 298 = 478 + 326 = ☆485+297=
918 - 207 = 437 - 298 = 24 × 46 = ☆936 ÷ 26 =
663 ÷ 23 = 509 × 17 = 970 ÷ 50 = ☆87×564 =
三、计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
167 + 289 + 33 + 211 49 × 25 + 25 × 51 125 × 32 × 25
72 × 99 + 72 735 - 35 - 65 145 × (100 - 1)
25 × 125 × 8 × 4 729 + 269 - 169 + 271 165 ÷ [3 × (57 - 52)]
135 × 99 + 135 75 ÷ 3 × 5 94 × 2 × 5
36 × 78 + 36 × 22 800 ÷ 25 607 × (57 - 23)
四、在○里填上“>”“<”或“=”。
360 - 60 + 40 ○ 360 - (60 - 40) 18 × 4 × 25 ○ 18 × (4 × 25)
(56 - 56) ÷ 8 ○ 56 - 56 ÷ 8 180 - 20 × 4 ○ (180 - 20) × 4
36 ÷ 6 × 2 ○ 36 ÷ (6 × 2) 28 × (10 ÷ 5) ○ 28 × 10 ÷ 5
五、按顺序计算,在□里填上合适的数,并列出综合算式。
思维提升 巧添运算符号
在○里填上合适的运算符号,使等式成立。
5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 1 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 2
5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 0 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 ○ 5 = 24
第二单元 观察物体(二)
一、直接写出得数。
157 + 263 = 540 × 30 = 325 × 20 = 160 × 0 + 750 =
73 × 30 = 159 × 20 = 308 + 63 = 30 × 5 ÷ 5 × 30 =
800 ÷ 40 = 480 ÷ 16 = 104 × 9 = (163 - 83) ÷ 40 =
1100 ÷ 125 = 300 ÷ 30 = 850 ÷ 17 = 130 ÷ (28 ÷ 7) =
640 ÷ 32 = 863 - 36 = 788 - 80 = 8100 ÷ (9 × 45) =
944 + 126 = 705 × 10 = 134 + 76 = 42 × (340 - 290) =
686 - 236 = 700 ÷ 5 = 225 × 30 = 970 ÷ (83 - 70) =
二、计算下面各题。
950÷38×(715-678) [686÷(7+7)]×258 96+27×(42+216÷24)
89+(68-68÷4) 840÷84×44+48 260÷[255-(147+96)]
三、下面的物体分别是由几个小正方体摆成的?
第三单元 运算律
一、直接写出得数。
18 × 50 = 26 × 5 = 15 × 8 = 5 × 21 × 2 =
303 × 8 = 55 × 2 = 37 × 5 = 25 × 43 × 4 =
14 × 11 = 17 × 6 = 35 × 40 = 125 × 4 × 8 =
50 × 15 = 19 × 3 = 140 × 6 = 13 × 14 × 5 =
17 × 2 = 90 × 6 = 45 × 30 = 4 × 21 × 15 =
80 × 92 = 305 × 60 = 18 × 400 = 56 × 18 × 2 =
二、计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。
(25 × 96) × 4 83 × 125 × 8 125 × 18 × 5
198 × 50 × 2 125 × 14 × 8 (35 × 25) × 4
44 × 25 125 × (40 + 8) 78 × 80 + 122 × 80
152 × 5 × 4 35 × (100 - 1) 57 × 18 + 57 × 83 - 57
三、在□里填上合适的数,使算式能直接进行简便计算。
□ × 57 + 57 × 56 176 + 87 + □ □ × □ - 99 × 72
36 × 52 + □ × 52 239 × □ × 25 67 × 99 + □
第四单元 小数的意义和性质
一、直接写出得数。
48 + 39 = 408 ÷ 8 = 0 × 456 = 7 × 3 × 45 =
900 ÷ 9 = 195 ÷ 5 = 970 ÷ 5 = 160 - 48 - 52 =
94 - 28 = 190 ÷ 5 = 225 ÷ 5 = 220 ÷ 4 + 50 =
380 - 49 = 35 × 20 = 78 + 134 = 23 × 4 × 5 =
106 + 204 = 50 × 18 = 210 ÷ 7 = 35 × 3 × 4 =
84 - 54 = 6 × 508 = 58 × 20 = 750 ÷ (5 × 2) =
二、化简下面的小数。
5.80 = 0.480 = 0.200 = 3.00 =
0.70 = 60.090 = 2.750 = 0.080 =
68.40 = 5.6000 = 2.5000 = 50.050 =
5.0600 = 8.400 = 6.0500 = 204.0200 =
三、在○里填上“>”“<”或“=”。
0.4 ○ 1.4 3.90 ○ 3.9 5.3 m ○ 5.8 m
9.32 ○ 9.302 13.02 ○ 13.0 4.62 kg ○ 4.26 kg
8.80 ○ 8.08 0.63 ○ 0.36 5.09元 ○ 5.9元
0.888 ○ 1 6.04 ○ 6.4 7.86 m ○ 7.847 m
第五单元 三角形
一、直接写出得数。
830 + 470 = 9100 - 600 = 110 × 54.8 = 946 - (146 + 53) =
8400 ÷ 1000 = 4.06 × 10 = 5600 ÷ 28 = 666 + 59 + 334 =
6.54 × 100 = 80 ÷ 100 = 7.39 × 100 = 35 × 49 ÷ 7 =
800 - 450 = 790 + 160 = 2.4 ÷ 10 = 35 + 87 × 10 =
1100 × 0.9 = 35 ÷ 10 = 540 + 490 = 14 + 70 × 6 =
70 + 750 = 603 × 9 = 408 ÷ 8 = 45 × 8 + 45 =
690 - 590 = 870 ÷ 29 = 8.03 ÷ 10 = 110 × 1.97 ÷ 10 =
二、思维提升 还原问题
一个数减去70,再乘70,再除以70,最后加上70,结果还是70。这个数是( )。
第六单元 小数的加法和减法
一、直接写出得数。
0.2 + 1.6 = 8.7 + 8.5 = 36.6 - 0.3 = 3.3 - 2.3 + 5.8 =
1.34 + 0.4 = 2.9 - 1.8 = 19.5 + 0.5 = 5.5 + 2.9 - 3.5 =
3.48 - 0.3 = 7.8 - 4.7 = 6.25 + 2.06 = 6.4 - 2 - 3.4 =
5.4 - 2.2 = 0.87 + 0.6 = 5.8 - 4.8 = 9.8 + 1.2 + 5.3 =
9.3 + 3.7 = 6.53 + 0.09 = 11.73 - 0.5 = 5.7 - 3.7 + 2.7 =
4 + 8.8 = 2.7 + 0.9 = 0.39 + 0.02 = 6 + 5.5 - 3.2 =
10.6 - 4.6 = 3.3 - 2.2 = 10.5 - 9.6 = 4.7 + 6.8 - 4.7 =
0.66 - 0.06 = 3 + 2.33 = 0.7 + 1.55 = 6.8 - 0 + 4.4 =
2、 计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。
3.3 + 5.34 + 6.7 10.72 + 4.7 - 3.72 3.8 + 1.37 + 6.2 + 12.63
25 - 4.7 - 5.3 0.34 + 0.41 + 0.59 16.2 - 4.26 + 13.8 - 5.74
27.3 + 53.62 + 72.7 6.07 - (4.3 + 0.07) 7.85 + 3.76 + 1.15 + 2.24
24.05 - 9.46 - 4.54 15.74 - (5.74 + 6.92) 98.76 - 12.62 - 8.76 - 58.38
第七单元 图形的运动(二)
1、 直接写出得数。
9 - 0.9 = 6.7 - 4.5 = 3.9 - 2.8 = 0.7 + 1.5 - 0.66 =
5.7 - 0.5 = 2 - 0.02 = 5.4 - 4.4 = 4 + 0.86 + 6.14 =
6.37 - 0.6 = 0.2 - 0.02 = 8.4 - 5.5 = 5.5 - 2.5 - 0.76 =
13.2 - 0.9 = 0.43 - 0.26 = 7.5 - 3.8 = 5.63 + 0.97 - 0.63 =
8.34 - 0.42 = 21.2 - 0.88 = 9.03 - 6.12 = 11 - (3.3 + 4.7)=
二、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。
8.76 + 24.6 = 6.45 - 3.59 = ☆ 24.58 + 7.64 =
13 - 6.57 = ☆ 19.4 + 5.48 = 17.39 - 8.68 =
第八单元 平均数与条形统计图
一、直接写出得数。
3.02 - 0.4 = 80 × 80 = 6.09 × 1000 = (19 - 10) × 13 =
0.97 - 0.7 = 200 × 0.5 = 0.96 + 1.04 = 170 + 50 ÷ 5 =
11 - 0.37 = 880 ÷ 44 = 740 + 280 = 32 - 0 ÷ 32 =
2.37 + 11.45 = 700 ÷ 7 = 893 + 193 = 50 ÷ 1000 × 10 =
50 × 600 = 0.59 + 3.03 = 67 × 60 = (83 + 17) ÷ 10 =
0.67 × 100 = 920 ÷ 8 = 0.49 × 10 = (35 + 5) × 4 =
二、求出下面每组数据的平均数。
(1) 463, 375, 924 (2) 74, 81, 72, 85
(3) 402, 403, 390, 418, 397 (4) 144, 145, 147, 153, 157, 154
第九单元 鸡兔同笼
1、 直接写出得数。
0.33 + 0.9 = 15 × 400 = 0.68 + 0.8 = 56 + 78 + 44 =
0.6 - 0.48 = 900 × 90 = 0.97 - 0.7 = 102 × 37 - 37 =
3.7 × 100 = 400 × 18 = 11 - 0.37 = 400 + 200 ÷ 5 =
4.6 ÷ 10 = 2800 ÷ 70 = 11 + 2.37 = 36 × 0 ÷ 100 =
二、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。
5.95 + 19.58 = 16.59 + 24.83 = ☆ 50.7 - 18.96 =
139 × 36 = ☆ 407 × 54 = 433 ÷ 38 =
思维提升 新“鸡兔同笼”
仙山上有九头鸟和九尾狐两种神兽,九头鸟有九头一尾,九尾狐有九尾一头。已知仙山上的九头鸟和九尾狐共有580个头和900条尾巴,则这座仙山上有( )只九头鸟,( )只九尾狐。
第十单元 总复习
一、直接写出得数。
36 × 110 = 48 + 184 = 46 × 50 = 6 × (36 + 14) =
336 × 7 = 378 ÷ 7 = 4800 ÷ 80 = (90 - 15) ÷ 5 =
448 - 168 = 500 - 107 = 488 ÷ 8 = 125 × 8 + 125 =
700 × 4 = 50 × 36 = 290 × 600 = 170 - (105 - 25) =
790 + 380 = 72 ÷ 24 = 870 - 504 = 96 ÷ (16 × 3) =
二、计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
143 × 69 - 69 × 43 125 × 25 × 8 × 4 749 + 87 + 13 + 251
800 ÷ 16 ÷ 5 360 ÷ [(60 - 30) × 2] 88 × 36
三、列竖式计算,带☆的要验算。
507 × 79 = ☆ 6780 ÷ 35 = 69.53 + 3.82 =
935 × 58 = 7200 ÷ 360 = ☆ 44.27 - 8.36 =
四年级数学下册 计算专项练习 参考答案
第一单元
一、直接写出得数
134,67,840,57
133,62,1000,493
67,151,170,725
1400,1010,4000,590
811,539,42,1100
975,113,405,67
230,410,430,130
216,282,1656,25200
二、列竖式计算
369+486=855
736-298=438(验算:438+298=736)
478+326=804
485+297=782(验算:782-297=485)
918-207=711
437-298=139
24×46=1104
936÷26=36(验算:36×26=936)
663÷23=28……19
509×17=8653
970÷50=19……20
87×564=49068(验算:49068÷87=564)
三、简便计算
167+289+33+211 = (167+33)+(289+211)=200+500=700
49×25+25×51 = 25×(49+51)=25×100=2500
125×32×25 = 125×8×4×25 = (125×8)×(4×25)=1000×100=100000
72×99+72 = 72×(99+1)=72×100=7200
735-35-65 = 735-(35+65)=735-100=635
145×(100-1) = 145×100-145×1=14500-145=14355
25×125×8×4 = (25×4)×(125×8)=100×1000=100000
729+269-169+271 = (729+271)+(269-169)=1000+100=1100
165÷[3×(57-52)] = 165÷[3×5]=165÷15=11
135×99+135 = 135×(99+1)=135×100=13500
75÷3×5 = 25×5=125
94×2×5 = 94×(2×5)=94×10=940
36×78+36×22 = 36×(78+22)=36×100=3600
800÷25 = 32(或800×4÷25×4=3200÷100=32)
607×(57-23) = 607×34=20638
四、在○里填上“>”“<”或“=”
=,=,<,<,=,=
第二单元 观察物体(二)
一、直接写出得数
420,16200,6500,750
2190,3180,371,900
20,30,936,2
8.8,10,50,32.5
20,827,708,20
1070,7050,210,2100
450,140,6750,70
二、计算下面各题
950÷38×(715-678) = 25×37 = 925
[686÷(7+7)]×258 = [686÷14]×258 = 49×258 = 12642
96+27×(42+216÷24) = 96+27×(42+9) = 96+27×51 = 96+1377 = 1473
89+(68-68÷4) = 89+(68-17) = 89+51 = 140
840÷84×44+48 = 10×44+48 = 440+48 = 488
260÷[255-(147+96)] = 260÷[255-243] = 260÷12 = 21……8(或约21.67)
三、数小正方体个数 略
第三单元 运算律
一、直接写出得数
900,130,120,210
2424,110,185,4300
154,102,1400,4000
750,57,840,910
34,540,1350,1260
7360,18300,7200,2016
二、简便计算
(25×96)×4 = 25×4×96 = 100×96 = 9600
83×125×8 = 83×(125×8) = 83×1000 = 83000
125×18×5 = 125×(18×5) = 125×90 = 11250
198×50×2 = 198×(50×2) = 198×100 = 19800
125×14×8 = 125×8×14 = 1000×14 = 14000
(35×25)×4 = 35×(25×4) = 35×100 = 3500
44×25 = 11×4×25 = 11×100 = 1100
125×(40+8) = 125×40+125×8 = 5000+1000 = 6000
78×80+122×80 = (78+122)×80 = 200×80 = 16000
152×5×4 = 152×(5×4) = 152×20 = 3040
35×(100-1) = 35×100-35×1 = 3500-35 = 3465
57×18+57×83-57 = 57×(18+83-1) = 57×100 = 5700
三、填数(答案不唯一)
43×57+57×56(□=43)
176+87+□可填13凑整(□=13)
99×72(如填99×72-99×72=0)
36×52+64×52(□=64)
239×4×25(□=4)
67×99+67(□=67)
第四单元 小数的意义和性质
一、直接写出得数
87,51,0,945
100,39,194,60
66,38,45,105
331,700,212,460
310,900,30,420
30,3048,1160,75
二、化简小数
5.8,0.48,0.2,3
0.7,60.09,2.75,0.08
68.4,5.6,2.5,50.05
5.06,8.4,6.05,204.02
三、比较大小
<,=,<,>,>,>,>,>,<,<,<,>
第五单元 三角形
一、直接写出得数
1300,8500,6028,747
8.4,40.6,200,1059
654,0.8,739,245
350,950,0.24,905
990,3.5,1030,434
820,5427,51,405
100,30,0.803,21.67
二、思维提升 还原问题
这个数是70。
(逆推:70-70=0,0×70=0,0÷70=0,0+70=70)
第六单元 小数的加法和减法
一、直接写出得数
1.8,17.2,36.3,6.8
1.74,1.1,20,4.9
3.18,3.1,8.31,1
3.2,1.47,1,16.3
13,6.62,11.23,4.7
12.8,3.6,0.41,8.3
6,1.1,0.9,6.8
0.6,5.33,2.25,11.2
二、简便计算
3.3+5.34+6.7 = (3.3+6.7)+5.34 = 10+5.34 = 15.34
10.72+4.7-3.72 = 10.72-3.72+4.7 = 7+4.7 = 11.7
3.8+1.37+6.2+12.63 = (3.8+6.2)+(1.37+12.63) = 10+14 = 24
25-4.7-5.3 = 25-(4.7+5.3) = 25-10 = 15
0.34+0.41+0.59 = 0.34+(0.41+0.59) = 0.34+1 = 1.34
16.2-4.26+13.8-5.74 = (16.2+13.8)-(4.26+5.74) = 30-10 = 20
27.3+53.62+72.7 = (27.3+72.7)+53.62 = 100+53.62 = 153.62
6.07-(4.3+0.07) = 6.07-0.07-4.3 = 6-4.3 = 1.7
7.85+3.76+1.15+2.24 = (7.85+1.15)+(3.76+2.24) = 9+6 = 15
24.05-9.46-4.54 = 24.05-(9.46+4.54) = 24.05-14 = 10.05
15.74-(5.74+6.92) = 15.74-5.74-6.92 = 10-6.92 = 3.08
98.76-12.62-8.76-58.38 = (98.76-8.76)-(12.62+58.38) = 90-71 = 19
第七单元 图形的运动(二)
一、直接写出得数
8.1,2.2,1.1,1.54
5.2,1.98,1,11
5.77,0.18,2.9,2.24
12.3,0.17,3.7,5.97
7.92,20.32,2.91,3
二、竖式计算
8.76+24.6=33.36
6.45-3.59=2.86
24.58+7.64=32.22(验算:32.22-7.64=24.58)
13-6.57=6.43
19.4+5.48=24.88(验算:24.88-5.48=19.4)
17.39-8.68=8.71
第八单元 平均数与条形统计图
一、直接写出得数
2.62,6400,6090,117
0.27,100,2,180
10.63,20,1020,32
13.82,100,1086,0.5
30000,3.62,4020,10
67,115,4.9,160
二、求平均数
(1) 463+375+924=1762,1762÷3≈587.33
(2) 74+81+72+85=312,312÷4=78
(3) 402+403+390+418+397=2010,2010÷5=402
(4) 144+145+147+153+157+154=900,900÷6=150
第九单元 鸡兔同笼
一、直接写出得数
1.23,6000,1.48,178
0.12,81000,0.27,3700
370,7200,10.63,440
0.46,40,13.37,0
二、竖式计算
5.95+19.58=25.53
16.59+24.83=41.42
50.7-18.96=31.74(验算:31.74+18.96=50.7)
139×36=5004
407×54=21978(验算:21978÷54=407)
433÷38=11……15
思维提升 新“鸡兔同笼”
答:九头鸟54只,九尾狐94只。
第十单元 总复习
一、直接写出得数
3960,232,2300,300
2352,54,60,15
280,393,61,1125
2800,1800,174000,90
1170,3,366,2
二、简便计算
143×69-69×43 = 69×(143-43) = 69×100 = 6900
125×25×8×4 = (125×8)×(25×4) = 1000×100 = 100000
749+87+13+251 = (749+251)+(87+13) = 1000+100 = 1100
800÷16÷5 = 800÷(16×5) = 800÷80 = 10
360÷[(60-30)×2] = 360÷[30×2] = 360÷60 = 6
88×36 = (80+8)×36 = 80×36+8×36 = 2880+288 = 3168
三、竖式计算
507×79=40053
6780÷35=193……25(验算:193×35+25=6755+25=6780)
69.53+3.82=73.35
935×58=54230
7200÷360=20
44.27-8.36=35.91(验算:35.91+8.36=44.27)
【注】第二单元第3题“数小正方体个数”需根据原卷图片作答,此处因缺少图片无法给出具体数值,请对照图形数数即可。
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