专题01 选择性必修第四册Unit10～Unit11单元词汇短语句型梳理（期末复习知识清单）高二英语下学期北师大版

专题01 选择性必修第四册Unit10~Unit11单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 10 Connections 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．_________n.抵触，冲突，矛盾 2．_________ n. 不和，冲突，摩擦 3．_________ n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条 4．_________ vt.&n. 发表，发布；释放 5．_________ n. 成语，习语；警句 6．_________ n. 纽带，联系 7．_________ vt. 揭示，揭露；展现，显露 8．_________ n. 孤儿 9．__________n．& vi. 叹息，叹气 10．__________n.绝望 11．_________ n．& vi.胆敢，敢于 12．_________n. 骨头；骨质物 13．_________ vi. 扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水 14．_________ n. 贷款 15．_________ n. 债务，欠款 16．_________ n. 公文，文件 二、单词拓展 1．_________ n．干涉，干预 →_________ vt. 干涉，干预 2．_________n．意见不合，分歧，争论→_________ vi. 不同意 3．_________ vt. 羡慕，妒忌→_________ adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的 4．_________ n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物→ _________ vt. 鼓励 5．_________vt.干扰，打扰，使中断→_________adj. 令人烦心的，引起烦恼的→_________ adj.烦恼的；不安的→_________ n．干扰；骚扰；心神不安 6．_________ vi.道歉，谢罪→_________ n. 道歉，谢罪 7．_________ n．学说，理论 →__________ adj. 理论的 8．_________ n．印象，感想→_________vt. 使印象深刻→_________adj. 给人印象深刻的，引人注目的 9．_________adj. 随机的，随意的 →_________ adv.随机地，随意地 10．_________adv.除此之外，此外 →_________ n. 附加，附加物 →_________ adj. 额外的，附加的 11．_________ adv.经常地，频繁地→_________adj. 经常的，频繁的→_________ n. 频繁；频率 12．_________ n．后果 →_________ adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→ _________ adv.因此，所以 13．_________vi.&vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度→_________ adj. 收养的→_________ n．收养；采用 14．_________ vi.&vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结→_________ adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的→_________ adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的 15．★_________n．吃惊，惊奇→_________ vt. 使吃惊 →_________adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的→_________ adj. 令人吃惊的 16. _________ vi.&vt.查明，调查， 侦查→_________ n. 调查，查明 17．★_________ adv. 坚决地，坚定地→_________ adj.坚决的，坚定的 18．_________ vi.有吸引力 vi.&vt.呼吁，恳请；上诉→_________ adj.吸引人的；恳求的 19．_________ n．悲伤，悲痛；不幸→_________ adj. 伤心的，悲伤的 20．_________ n．原谅，宽恕→_________ vt.&vi.原谅；谅解；宽恕 21．_________ vi.&vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→_________ n. 中断，打断 22．_________adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法→_________adv. 合法地，法律上→_________ adj. 违法的→_________ adv. 违法地 三、常考单词 1. _________ vi. 道歉，谢罪 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apologize/apologise to sb (for sth/for doing sth) （因某事/因做某事）向某人道歉 2) apology n.道歉；辩白 make an apology to sb for sth因某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 accept one's apology接受某人的道歉　 1.I’m writing to make an apology to you for not being about to coming to the party on Sunday.我写信来想和你道歉，因为周日不能去聚会了。(道歉信) 2.They apologized to us for much noise they made. 他们因制造的太多噪音向我们道歉。(读后续写之动作细节) 2. _________ n. 吃惊，惊奇 背重点 背写作佳句 1) much to one’s amazement让某人惊喜的是： 2) be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 be amazed that... 对……吃惊 1.She stood beside her chair, amazed and embarrassed. 她站在椅子旁，又惊讶又窘迫。 (读后续写之情绪描写) 2.Much to our amazement，Shougang park took on a new look after the reform. 令我们大为惊讶的是，首钢公园在改革后呈现了一个新面貌。(介绍信) 四．单元短语 1．_________ 闲待，厮混 2．_________ 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 3．_________出现；发生 4．_________提到，提及；参考，查阅；指的是 5．_________ 参与，涉及 6．_________翻转，折叠；拒绝；关小，调低 7．_________ 参加，加入 8．_________ 作为回报 五．单元佳句 1．句式：状语从句的省略 【教材】... _________, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. 结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 2．句式：强调句型 【教材】__________________ inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 3. 句式：情态动词＋have done 【教材】I __________________it. I __________________ it was all too beautiful to last. I __________________nobody really did want me. 我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好而无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。 4．句式：完全倒装 【教材】__________________, a high, old­fashioned one of dark wood. 角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。 六．单元语法 Passive Forms in the Past 过去时中的被动语态 The structure of Passive Forms in the Past is as follows过去时中的被动语态结构: Tense Form Verb-ed Past simple was/were Verb-ed Past continuous was/were being Verb-ed Past perfect had been Verb-ed [观察例句] 1．The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. 2．In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically. 3. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he / she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 4.Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. 5.Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. [归纳用法] 一般过去时被动语态（Passive Forms in the Past） 一、基本结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + was /were + 过去分词 (done) 单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词）→ was + done 复数主语（we/you/they/ 复数名词）→ were + done 2. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 was not = wasn’t；were not = weren’t 3. 一般疑问句 Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ 简略回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were./ No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. 二、用法 描述过去某个时间，主语是动作的承受者（被……） 常搭配过去时间标志词： yesterday, last week, just now, in 2020, then, at that time 等 例句 主动：Someone built the bridge in 1990.有人在 1990 年建了这座桥。 被动：The bridge was built in 1990.这座桥是 1990 年被建造的。 单数: The letter was written yesterday.这封信是昨天写的。 复数:These trees were planted last spring.这些树是去年春天种下的。 否定句 The room wasn’t cleaned just now.这个房间刚才没有被打扫。 一般疑问句 Were the photos taken by you?这些照片是你拍的吗？— Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 三、带动作执行者（by sb.） 结构：was/were + done + by + 动作发出者 The cake was made by my mother.这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。 四、常见易错点 1.必须用过去分词，不是过去式 ✅ was seen（see→saw→seen） ❌ was saw 2.be 动词单复数由被动句的主语决定，不是 by 后面的人 The books were bought by Tom.（主语 books 复数→were） 3.感官动词、使役动词（see/hear/make 等）主动不带 to，被动必须加 to 主动：He made me laugh. 被动：I was made to laugh. 五、四种句式模板总结 肯定：S + was/were + done 否定：S + wasn’t/weren’t + done 疑问：Was/Were + S + done? 带执行者：S + was/were + done + by sb. 过去进行时被动语态（Past Continuous Passive） 一、基本结构 肯定句：主语 + was/were + being + 过去分词 (done) 单数主语：was being done 复数主语：were being done 否定句 was/were + not + being + done (wasn’t being / weren’t being) 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + being + done? 二、用法 过去某一时刻 / 某段时间正在被……，强调过去某个瞬间正在发生的被动动作，常搭配：at 8 last night, then, at that time, when 引导的过去时间状语。 三、例句： 肯定：The house was being built at that time.那时候这栋房子正在被建造。 These letters were being typed when I came in.我进来的时候这些信件正在被录入。 否定：The problem wasn’t being discussed at the meeting.这个问题当时没有在会议上被讨论。 疑问：Were the trees being watered at 5 yesterday afternoon?昨天下午五点那些树正在被浇水吗？ 三、常见易错点 必须有 being，表示 “正在”，不能省略： ✅ was being repaired ❌ was repairing /was repaired 过去完成时被动语态（Past Perfect Passive） 一、基本结构 肯定：主语 + had been + 过去分词 (done) ✅ 所有人称单复数统一用 had been done 否定：had not been done = hadn’t been done 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + done? 二、用法 表示过去某个动作之前就已经被完成（过去的过去），常搭配：by + 过去时间，before, when, after, until 等。 三、例句： 肯定 All the tickets had been sold out before we arrived.我们到达之前，所有票就已经被卖光了。 否定 The work hadn’t been finished by last Friday.到上周五为止这项工作还没有被完成。 疑问句 Had the bridge been completed by 2010?这座桥在 2010 年前就已经竣工了吗？ 关键要点 1.只有 had，没有 was/were；结构固定：had been + done 2.动作先后：先发生的动作用过去完成被动，后发生用一般过去时 例：When we got to the classroom, the blackboard had already been cleaned.我们到教室时，黑板已经被擦干净了。 三种过去时态被动语态汇总表 时态 被动结构（单数） 被动结构（复数） 核心含义 一般过去时被动 was done were done 过去被做了（已结束） 过去进行时被动 was being done were being done 过去某时正在被做 过去完成时被动 had been done had been done 过去之前就已经被做完 易混对比 The bridge was built in 2010.（一般过去被动：2010 年建成） The bridge was being built in 2010.（过去进行被动：2010 年当时在建） The bridge had been built before 2010.（过去完成被动：2010 年前就建好） 七．单元写作 撰写新闻报道（A News Report） [文体介绍] 新闻报道属于记叙类应用文，主要用来客观记录近期发生的校园、社会、公益、赛事等真实活动与事件。文章要求内容真实、结构清晰、语言客观简洁，是高中常考高频作文题型。 时态：以一般过去时为主， 新闻记录已经发生完的事件，主体动作全部用过去式； 开头引入、结尾评价、意义总结可以用一般现在时。 人称以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：交代时间、地点、人物、事件，一句话概括整篇新闻核心内容（新闻六要素核心浓缩）。 主体：按事件发展顺序描写：活动准备→具体过程→师生参与情况、现场细节、具体环节。 结尾：阐述活动带来的意义、影响、收获，评价事件价值，展望未来。 [常用词块] 1. hold/organize an activity 举办活动 2. take part in / participate in 参加 3. be held in... 在……举行 4. attract lots of participants 吸引大量参与者 5. divide into groups 分组 6. carry out / take part in voluntary work 开展志愿活动 7. give a speech 发表演讲 8. enrich our school life 丰富校园生活 9. raise people’s awareness of... 提高……意识 10. achieve great success 取得圆满成功 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 1. A meaningful activity was held in our school last Friday. 2. To enrich our school life, our school organized a special activity recently. 3. A wonderful event took place in our school on June 10th. ★ 正文佳句 1. At the beginning of the activity, ... 2. Then, students took an active part in all kinds of activities. 3. During the whole process, all participants showed great enthusiasm. 4. Different groups were responsible for different tasks. ★ 余味结尾 1. The activity turned out to be a great success. 2. It not only enriches our spare time but also helps us learn a lot. 3. This activity is of great benefit to all the students. 上周五，你们学校举办了一场意义非凡的环保活动。本次活动由学生会主办，吸引了年级大部分学生参与。请你根据写一个新闻报道。 A meaningful environmental protection activity was held in our school last Friday. Organized by the Students’ Union, the activity attracted most students in our grade. At the beginning, our teachers gave a short speech to stress the importance of protecting the environment. After that, students divided into several groups to do voluntary work. Some students cleaned the campus and picked up rubbish, while others put up posters about low-carbon life. All students worked actively and patiently. The activity turned out to be very successful. It not only made our school more beautiful but also helped students form good living habits. It is highly praised by both teachers and students. 主体叙事全部用一般过去时（was held / gave / divided / worked），符合“新闻是已发生事件”规则；全程第三人称客观报道，格式标准。 开头：时间、地点、事件、主办方、参与人员（总起） 主体：活动流程（开场演讲→分组行动→现场表现） 结尾：活动成果、实际意义、师生评价（升华） ✅ was held 举办活动（新闻核心词块） ✅ divide into groups 分组 ✅ turn out to be successful 圆满成功 ✅ not only...but also... 递进升华句型 Unit 11 Conflict and compromise 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. _________n．(储存液体或气体的)箱，罐 2. _________ n．齐声；副歌；合唱团 3. _________ adv．确实地 4. _________n阳台 5. _________adj．无提防之心的，无疑心的 6. _________n．炸弹 vt．轰炸 7. _________n．将军，上将adj．全体的；普遍的 8. _________ n．国界，边境 9. _________ n．谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪 vt．谋杀 10. _________n．国界，边界；边境地区 11. _________vi．& vt．逃离，逃走 12. _________ n．平民，老百姓 13. _________n．病房 14. _________ n．外科医生 15. _________ n．烟叶，烟草 16. _________ n．香烟 17. _________n．税，税款 18. _________adj．神圣的 二、单词拓展 1. _________ vi．& vt．谈判，协商→_________ n．谈判；协商→_________ adj．可协商的 2. _________ vi．& vt．询问，打听→_________ n．询问；打听 3. _________ vt．解决(问题、困难)；决定→_________ n．决定；解决 4. _________ adj．讨厌的，令人气恼的→_________ adj．烦恼的，生气的→_________vt．使生气，惹恼→_________n．恼怒；使人烦恼的事 5. _________ n．不便，麻烦→_________ n．方便，便利→_________adj．不方便的→_________ adj．方便的 6. _________vt．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→_________n．侦查，察觉，发现 7. _________ n．成熟→_________ adj．成熟的→_________ adj．不成熟的 8. _________vt．分配，分派，指派(任务)→_________n．任务 9. _________n．鼓手→_________ vi．击鼓，打鼓 n．鼓 10. _________ n．投诉→_________ v．抱怨；投诉 11. _________n．警告，警示；告诫→_________ v．警告 12. _________ n．离开，起程→_________v．离开，出发 13. _________ adj．有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的→_________ n．偏见 vt．使怀有偏见；损害 14. _________ adj．礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的→_________ adj．高兴的；满意的→_________vt．使高兴→_________n．高兴，愉快；乐趣，乐事 15. _________n．暴力行为，暴力→_________ adj．暴力的；猛烈的→_________ adv．激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地 16. _________ vt．忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→_________ n．容忍；宽容；忍耐力→_________ n．不容忍，偏狭→_________adj．宽容的；容忍的→_________ adj．难以容忍的 17. _________ vi．& vt．(使)退出(活动、组织等)；提，取；撤回→_________ n．撤回；收回；退出 18. _________adv．坚定地，坚决地→_________adj．坚硬的；坚定的 n．公司，商行 19. _________n．身份证明(文件)→_________vt．确认；认出；鉴定→_________n．身份；同一性，一致 20. _________ n．泥，烂泥→_________ adj．多泥的，泥泞的 21. _________vt．分发，分配，分送→_________ n．分配；分布 22. _________ adj．暂时的，临时的；短期的→_________adv．暂时地，临时地 23. _________ n．感激→_________ vt．感激，感谢；欣赏，赏识；理解，明白→_________ adj．感激的；欣赏的 24. _________n．含酒精饮品；酒→_________ adj．酒精的；含酒精的 25. _________ adj．油炸的，油煎的→_________vt．& vi．油炸；油煎 n．炸薯条 26._________ vt．伤害 n．损害，危害→_________ adj．有害的→_________adj．无害的 27. _________ vi．& vt．投资；(时间、精力的)投入→_________n．投资 28. _________ vt．作出结论，推断出；结束，终止→_________ n．结论；推论；结束 29. _________ n．康复，痊愈→_________ v．恢复；痊愈 30. _________ adj．松的；宽大的；松的，松动的；松散的，披散的 ；未严加控制的；不严谨的→_________adv．松散地；宽松地→_________v．放松；(使)变松；松开(手等) 31. _________ n．贪欲，贪婪→_________ adj．贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的 三、常考单词 1. _________ vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 2) annoying adj. 令人恼怒的（修饰事物） be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气　 1. I was annoyed with him for being late. 我因他迟到而生气。(读后续写之情绪描写) 2.It is annoying that I can’t come to your birthday party. 明天不能去你的生日聚会令人恼怒。(道歉信) 2. _________ vt. 监控，监测；n. 显示器；班长 背重点 背写作佳句 1）monitor sth/ sb 监督某人 2）as a monitor作为班长 1.We can use AI technology to monitor the sports evernt.我们可以用AI科技来监督体育项目。 (介绍信) 2.As a monitor, I want to make an announcement.作为班长，我有个通知要讲。(通知) 四．单元短语 1. _________ 达成妥协 2. _________ 对…… 有偏见 3. _________作出决定 4. _________齐声抱怨 5. _________ 厌倦 6. _________从…… 退出 7. _________ 立刻 8. _________采取行动 9. _________暴露于 10. _________从那时起 五．单元佳句 1．句式：Being + 形容词 / 分词，主句（原因状语） 【教材】_________, Ma Ming often held parties at night. 由于单身，马明经常在晚上举办派对。 2．句式：现在分词被动式作状语（being done） 【教材】Ma Ming’s neighbours said they were being driven mad __________________. 邻居们说，长期暴露在这种噪音下快要被逼疯了。 3. 句式：虚拟语气：if…had done, …would have done 【教材】The flat-owner said_________that Ma Ming was a drummer, he __________________ the flat to him. 房东说要是早知道他是鼓手，就不会把房子租给他了。 4．句式：be doing…when…（正在做…… 突然……） 【教材】He and his family __________________ the American soldiers entered the village. 他和家人正在吃早饭，这时美军士兵进了村子。 六．单元语法 Modal Verbs 情态动词 情态动词和动词原形连用，表达可能性、能力、许可和责任等。 ought to ought to用于: 1. to show duty or moral obligation表示职责或道义上的责任 You really ought to visit your grandmother. You know she hasn't been well. We ought to give more assistance to charities in need of funding. 2 to show necessity表示必要性. You ought to go to bed early as you have to be up at six. 3 to make a suggestion出某种建议 . You really ought to try this diet. I have lost five kilograms. Could could用于: 1 to express possibility表示可能性 If our defence is good in the next game, we could even win. 2.as the past tense of can 作为can的过去式 I could swim for hours when I was younger. may, might, can, could 在肯定句中，may,could,might用于表示某事可能发生或可能存在，但can不能用于此目的。might表示可能性很小。 It may / might/ could snow later in the day. According to the weather report, it may rain today. It might even snow. can用来表示更宽泛的某事发生的可能性。 Too much snow can cause trouble. 在否定句中，用cannot或者couldn't表示“不可能”。 It can't / couldn't be Jack. He said he wouldn't talk to me any more. 在肯定句中may/could/might+have done用于表示过去某事可能发生了。 I thought Jenny was angry at me, but I may / might / could have been wrong。 Nobody knew where Tom was. He may / might / could have gone abroad. might/could+have done用于表示某事可能在过去发生，但事实上并没有发生。may和can不能用于此种情况。 If you went to school on foot this morning, you could / might have avoided the accident. 七．单元写作 撰写观点文章（AN OPINION ESSAY） [文体介绍] 观点类作文是高中英语高频应用文题型，属于议论类文体，主要针对某一社会现象、校园话题、品质主题发表个人看法、阐述理由、表达态度。文章要求观点明确、逻辑清晰、条理分明、语言简洁正式。 时态：以一般现在时为主，阐述普遍道理、个人观点、客观意义；举例可酌情使用一般过去时。 人称：以第一人称（I / We）、第三人称为主，客观说理。 [基本框架] 开头（第一段：引出话题+亮明观点） 简洁引出当下热门话题或现象，直接清晰表明自己的核心态度，不拖沓、不偏题。 主体（第二段：分点论证+阐释理由） 围绕个人观点展开分层论述，可从意义、好处、原因、做法等角度展开，逻辑衔接自然，层层递进，无需细碎具体事例，侧重通用说理。 结尾（第三段：总结全文+升华主题） 重申核心观点，总结话题价值与意义，发出呼吁或做出展望，升华文章主旨。 [常用词块] 1. be of great importance 至关重要 2. arouse people’s attention 引起人们的关注 3. play an important role in... 在…中发挥重要作用 4. be beneficial to... 对……有益 5. improve personal qualities 提升个人品质 6. form good habits 养成良好习惯 7. raise awareness of... 提高……意识 8. attach great importance to... 高度重视…… 9. make a difference 产生影响、有所作为 10. in my view / from my perspective 在我看来 11. as far as I am concerned 就我而言 12. take positive action 采取积极行动 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 1. Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to this hot topic. 2. As an important quality/topic in our daily life, it has aroused wide discussion. 3. In my opinion, it is of great importance for us to value this issue. 4. When it comes to this topic, I hold a positive attitude towards it. ★ 正文佳句 1. There are several reasons to support my opinion. 2. Firstly, this thing can bring us many benefits in our study and life. 3. Secondly, it helps us improve ourselves and form good qualities. 4. Besides, it plays an important role in our personal growth. 5. What’s more, it is beneficial to both individuals and society. 6. As far as I am concerned, sticking to it makes a big difference. ★ 余味结尾 1. In short, this topic is meaningful and worthy of our attention. 2. From what has been discussed above, we can draw a clear conclusion. 3. It is high time that we realized its importance and took action. 4. Only by sticking to it can we make greater progress in the future. 英语周报正在征集关于低碳生活的稿件，请你以“Low-carbon Life, Better Life”为题，写一个稿件。 Low-carbon Life, Better Life Nowadays, environmental protection has aroused people’s wide attention. In my view, living a low-carbon life is of great importance to everyone. There are several reasons why we should stick to a low-carbon lifestyle. Firstly, it is greatly beneficial to protecting our environment and helps reduce pollution around us. Secondly, a green lifestyle plays an important role in improving our personal qualities and forming good living habits. Besides, it can raise our awareness of environmental protection and encourage us to take positive action in daily life. From what has been discussed above, we can draw a clear conclusion that small green actions really make a difference. It is high time that we attached great importance to low-carbon life. Only by working together can we create a more beautiful and sustainable world for the future. Unit 10 Connections 一、被动语态专练 1. When all the students __________(seat), the professor began his lecture. 2. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team __________(rescue) four days later. 3. Some parents __________(elect)to form a new school board by the end of last week. 4. Experiments in the photography of moving objects __________(conduct) in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. 5.Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university __________(accept). 6.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement __________(reach). 7. Bill __________(hardly admit)to a foreign university when he decided to give up looking for a job. 8. Suddenly he remembered that his umbrella __________(leave) on the bus. 9. How the guests __________(treat ) in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. 10. The bridge __________(built) at that time when we were visiting the city. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Much to my ______ (amaze), he solved the difficult problem in minutes. 2.The ______ (disturb) noise outside made me feel ______ (disturb). 3.It is ______ (annoy) that my neighbour always makes loud noise late at night. 4.His opinion often ______ (conflict) with his parents’ ideas. 5.Experts appealed to parents ______ (control) children’s screen time strictly. 6.Many college students graduate ______ heavy debt nowadays. 7.As a consequence ______ his carelessness, he failed the exam. 8.The little boy hung ______ his head when he was criticized. 9.We can have different views and agree ______ (disagree) peacefully. 10. The movie is so ______ (appeal) that many teenagers go to watch it again. 三、完成句子。 1．如果被邀请，我一定会去的。(状语从句的省略) _________, I’ll go there. 2．正是在校园里我们再次相遇了。(强调句) __________________we met again. 3．但肯定有个男孩……(情态动词+have done) But there __________________a boy… 4．好了，好了，没有必要为这件事哭得这么厉害。 Well, well, __________________cry so about it. 5．马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装) __________________Matthew．And to bed，when she had put her dishes away, went Marilla，frowning most resolutely. Unit 11 Conflict and compromise 一、单词拼写。根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The two companies will _________ (商议) a new contract to solve the payment problem. 2.Reaching a_________ (妥协) is important for resolving conflicts between family members. 3. He felt _________ (羞愧的) of himself for lying to his parents about his test score. 4.You can _________ (问询) about the exam results by calling the school office. 5.We need to_________ (消除) this misunderstanding before it affects our friendship. 6.She was_________ (生气的) with her brother for borrowing her book without asking. 7.The_________ (生气的) noise from the construction site kept me awake all night. 8.We apologize for any _________ (不便) caused by the delay of the train. 9.The new equipment can _________ (探测) small changes in air quality quickly. 10.The weather today is _________ (有点) colder than yesterday, so take a jacket. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.We need to reach a ________ (compromise) on this issue. 2.She is ________ (annoy) with her brother for breaking her toy. 3.It is ________ (shameful) to laugh at others’ mistakes. 4.He ________ (withdraw) from the competition yesterday. 5.The teacher monitors our ________ (progress) every week. 6.They distributed food ________ the poor children. 7.She inquired ________ the price of the product. 8.Don’t get ________ a panic about the exam. 9.We should be tolerant ________ different opinions. 10.The movie is so ________ (appeal) that many people watch it. 三、完成句子。 1.他迟到了，错过了早班车。 _________, he missed the early bus. 我正走路，突然遇到了老朋友。 I __________________I met an old friend. 他们正过马路看到了他们的老师。 They__________________they saw their teacher. 如果当时知道他会来，我一定会在那等他。 __________________he would come, I __________________ for him there. $专题01 选择性必修第四册Unit10~Unit11单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 10 Connections 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．conflict n.抵触，冲突，矛盾 2．friction n. 不和，冲突，摩擦 3．chain n. 一连串，一系列；链子，链条 4．release vt.&n. 发表，发布；释放 5．phrase n. 成语，习语；警句 6．bond n. 纽带，联系 7．reveal vt. 揭示，揭露；展现，显露 8．orphan n. 孤儿 9．sigh_n．& vi. 叹息，叹气 10．despair_n.绝望 11．dare n．& vi.胆敢，敢于 12．bone n. 骨头；骨质物 13．dive vi. 扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水 14．loan n. 贷款 15．debt n. 债务，欠款 16．document n. 公文，文件 二、单词拓展 1．intervention n．干涉，干预 →intervene vt. 干涉，干预 2．disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论→disagree vi. 不同意 3．envy vt. 羡慕，妒忌→envious adj. 羡慕的，嫉妒的 4．encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物→ encourage vt. 鼓励 5．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断→disturbing adj. 令人烦心的，引起烦恼的→disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的→disturbance n．干扰；骚扰；心神不安 6．apologise vi.道歉，谢罪→apology n. 道歉，谢罪 7．theory n．学说，理论 →theoretical_ adj. 理论的 8．impression n．印象，感想→impress vt. 使印象深刻→impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的，引人注目的 9．random adj. 随机的，随意的 →randomly adv.随机地，随意地 10．additionally adv.除此之外，此外 →addition n. 附加，附加物 →additional adj. 额外的，附加的 11．frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→frequent adj. 经常的，频繁的→frequency n. 频繁；频率 12．consequence n．后果 →consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→ consequently adv.因此，所以 13．adopt vi.&vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度→adopted adj. 收养的→adoption n．收养；采用 14．freeze vi.&vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结→frozen adj.(河、湖等)结冰的；冷冻的，冷藏的→freezing adj.冷冰冰的；极冷的 15．★amazement n．吃惊，惊奇→amaze vt. 使吃惊 →amazed_adj. 吃惊的，惊讶的→amazing adj. 令人吃惊的 16.investigate vi.&vt.查明，调查， 侦查→investigation n. 调查，查明 17．★resolutely adv. 坚决地，坚定地→resolute adj.坚决的，坚定的 18．appeal vi.有吸引力 vi.&vt.呼吁，恳请；上诉→appealing adj.吸引人的；恳求的 19．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；不幸→sorrowful adj. 伤心的，悲伤的 20．forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕→forgive vt.&vi.原谅；谅解；宽恕 21．interrupt vi.&vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruption n. 中断，打断 22．legal adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法→legally adv. 合法地，法律上→illegal_ adj. 违法的→illegally adv. 违法地 三、常考单词 1. apologize/apologise vi. 道歉，谢罪 背重点 背写作佳句 1) apologize/apologise to sb (for sth/for doing sth) （因某事/因做某事）向某人道歉 2) apology n.道歉；辩白 make an apology to sb for sth因某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology 应向某人道歉 accept one's apology接受某人的道歉　 1.I’m writing to make an apology to you for not being about to coming to the party on Sunday.我写信来想和你道歉，因为周日不能去聚会了。(道歉信) 2.They apologized to us for much noise they made. 他们因制造的太多噪音向我们道歉。(读后续写之动作细节) 2. amazement n. 吃惊，惊奇 背重点 背写作佳句 1) much to one’s amazement让某人惊喜的是： 2) be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 be amazed that... 对……吃惊 1.She stood beside her chair, amazed and embarrassed. 她站在椅子旁，又惊讶又窘迫。 (读后续写之情绪描写) 2.Much to our amazement，Shougang park took on a new look after the reform. 令我们大为惊讶的是，首钢公园在改革后呈现了一个新面貌。(介绍信) 四．单元短语 1．hang_out 闲待，厮混 2．burst_into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等) 3．come_up 出现；发生 4．refer_to 提到，提及；参考，查阅；指的是 5．be_involved_in 参与，涉及 6．turn_down 翻转，折叠；拒绝；关小，调低 7．participate_in 参加，加入 8．in_return_for 作为回报 五．单元佳句 1．句式：状语从句的省略 【教材】...once released, the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today. 结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。 2．句式：强调句型 【教材】It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”． 正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。 3. 句式：情态动词＋have done 【教材】I might_have_expected it. I might_have_known it was all too beautiful to last. I might_have_known nobody really did want me. 我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好而无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。 4．句式：完全倒装 【教材】In_one_corner_was_the_bed, a high, old­fashioned one of dark wood. 角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。 六．单元语法 Passive Forms in the Past 过去时中的被动语态 The structure of Passive Forms in the Past is as follows过去时中的被动语态结构: Tense Form Verb-ed Past simple was/were Verb-ed Past continuous was/were being Verb-ed Past perfect had been Verb-ed [观察例句] 1．The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s. 2．In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically. 3. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he / she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person. 4.Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. 5.Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. [归纳用法] 一般过去时被动语态（Passive Forms in the Past） 一、基本结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + was /were + 过去分词 (done) 单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词）→ was + done 复数主语（we/you/they/ 复数名词）→ were + done 2. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 was not = wasn’t；were not = weren’t 3. 一般疑问句 Was / Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ 简略回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were./ No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t. 二、用法 描述过去某个时间，主语是动作的承受者（被……） 常搭配过去时间标志词： yesterday, last week, just now, in 2020, then, at that time 等 例句 主动：Someone built the bridge in 1990.有人在 1990 年建了这座桥。 被动：The bridge was built in 1990.这座桥是 1990 年被建造的。 单数: The letter was written yesterday.这封信是昨天写的。 复数:These trees were planted last spring.这些树是去年春天种下的。 否定句 The room wasn’t cleaned just now.这个房间刚才没有被打扫。 一般疑问句 Were the photos taken by you?这些照片是你拍的吗？— Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 三、带动作执行者（by sb.） 结构：was/were + done + by + 动作发出者 The cake was made by my mother.这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。 四、常见易错点 1.必须用过去分词，不是过去式 ✅ was seen（see→saw→seen） ❌ was saw 2.be 动词单复数由被动句的主语决定，不是 by 后面的人 The books were bought by Tom.（主语 books 复数→were） 3.感官动词、使役动词（see/hear/make 等）主动不带 to，被动必须加 to 主动：He made me laugh. 被动：I was made to laugh. 五、四种句式模板总结 肯定：S + was/were + done 否定：S + wasn’t/weren’t + done 疑问：Was/Were + S + done? 带执行者：S + was/were + done + by sb. 过去进行时被动语态（Past Continuous Passive） 一、基本结构 肯定句：主语 + was/were + being + 过去分词 (done) 单数主语：was being done 复数主语：were being done 否定句 was/were + not + being + done (wasn’t being / weren’t being) 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + being + done? 二、用法 过去某一时刻 / 某段时间正在被……，强调过去某个瞬间正在发生的被动动作，常搭配：at 8 last night, then, at that time, when 引导的过去时间状语。 三、例句： 肯定：The house was being built at that time.那时候这栋房子正在被建造。 These letters were being typed when I came in.我进来的时候这些信件正在被录入。 否定：The problem wasn’t being discussed at the meeting.这个问题当时没有在会议上被讨论。 疑问：Were the trees being watered at 5 yesterday afternoon?昨天下午五点那些树正在被浇水吗？ 三、常见易错点 必须有 being，表示 “正在”，不能省略： ✅ was being repaired ❌ was repairing /was repaired 过去完成时被动语态（Past Perfect Passive） 一、基本结构 肯定：主语 + had been + 过去分词 (done) ✅ 所有人称单复数统一用 had been done 否定：had not been done = hadn’t been done 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + done? 二、用法 表示过去某个动作之前就已经被完成（过去的过去），常搭配：by + 过去时间，before, when, after, until 等。 三、例句： 肯定 All the tickets had been sold out before we arrived.我们到达之前，所有票就已经被卖光了。 否定 The work hadn’t been finished by last Friday.到上周五为止这项工作还没有被完成。 疑问句 Had the bridge been completed by 2010?这座桥在 2010 年前就已经竣工了吗？ 关键要点 1.只有 had，没有 was/were；结构固定：had been + done 2.动作先后：先发生的动作用过去完成被动，后发生用一般过去时 例：When we got to the classroom, the blackboard had already been cleaned.我们到教室时，黑板已经被擦干净了。 三种过去时态被动语态汇总表 时态 被动结构（单数） 被动结构（复数） 核心含义 一般过去时被动 was done were done 过去被做了（已结束） 过去进行时被动 was being done were being done 过去某时正在被做 过去完成时被动 had been done had been done 过去之前就已经被做完 易混对比 The bridge was built in 2010.（一般过去被动：2010 年建成） The bridge was being built in 2010.（过去进行被动：2010 年当时在建） The bridge had been built before 2010.（过去完成被动：2010 年前就建好） 七．单元写作 撰写新闻报道（A News Report） [文体介绍] 新闻报道属于记叙类应用文，主要用来客观记录近期发生的校园、社会、公益、赛事等真实活动与事件。文章要求内容真实、结构清晰、语言客观简洁，是高中常考高频作文题型。 时态：以一般过去时为主， 新闻记录已经发生完的事件，主体动作全部用过去式； 开头引入、结尾评价、意义总结可以用一般现在时。 人称以第三人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：交代时间、地点、人物、事件，一句话概括整篇新闻核心内容（新闻六要素核心浓缩）。 主体：按事件发展顺序描写：活动准备→具体过程→师生参与情况、现场细节、具体环节。 结尾：阐述活动带来的意义、影响、收获，评价事件价值，展望未来。 [常用词块] 1. hold/organize an activity 举办活动 2. take part in / participate in 参加 3. be held in... 在……举行 4. attract lots of participants 吸引大量参与者 5. divide into groups 分组 6. carry out / take part in voluntary work 开展志愿活动 7. give a speech 发表演讲 8. enrich our school life 丰富校园生活 9. raise people’s awareness of... 提高……意识 10. achieve great success 取得圆满成功 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 1. A meaningful activity was held in our school last Friday. 2. To enrich our school life, our school organized a special activity recently. 3. A wonderful event took place in our school on June 10th. ★ 正文佳句 1. At the beginning of the activity, ... 2. Then, students took an active part in all kinds of activities. 3. During the whole process, all participants showed great enthusiasm. 4. Different groups were responsible for different tasks. ★ 余味结尾 1. The activity turned out to be a great success. 2. It not only enriches our spare time but also helps us learn a lot. 3. This activity is of great benefit to all the students. 上周五，你们学校举办了一场意义非凡的环保活动。本次活动由学生会主办，吸引了年级大部分学生参与。请你根据写一个新闻报道。 A meaningful environmental protection activity was held in our school last Friday. Organized by the Students’ Union, the activity attracted most students in our grade. At the beginning, our teachers gave a short speech to stress the importance of protecting the environment. After that, students divided into several groups to do voluntary work. Some students cleaned the campus and picked up rubbish, while others put up posters about low-carbon life. All students worked actively and patiently. The activity turned out to be very successful. It not only made our school more beautiful but also helped students form good living habits. It is highly praised by both teachers and students. 主体叙事全部用一般过去时（was held / gave / divided / worked），符合“新闻是已发生事件”规则；全程第三人称客观报道，格式标准。 开头：时间、地点、事件、主办方、参与人员（总起） 主体：活动流程（开场演讲→分组行动→现场表现） 结尾：活动成果、实际意义、师生评价（升华） ✅ was held 举办活动（新闻核心词块） ✅ divide into groups 分组 ✅ turn out to be successful 圆满成功 ✅ not only...but also... 递进升华句型 Unit 11 Conflict and compromise 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.tank n．(储存液体或气体的)箱，罐 2.chorus n．齐声；副歌；合唱团 3.literally adv．确实地 4.balcony n阳台 5.unsuspecting adj．无提防之心的，无疑心的 6.bomb n．炸弹 vt．轰炸 7.general n．将军，上将adj．全体的；普遍的 8.frontier n．国界，边境 9.murder n．谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪 vt．谋杀 10.border n．国界，边界；边境地区 11.flee vi．& vt．逃离，逃走 12.civilian n．平民，老百姓 13.ward n．病房 14.surgeon n．外科医生 15.tobacco n．烟叶，烟草 16.cigarette n．香烟 17.tax n．税，税款 18.sacred adj．神圣的 二、单词拓展 1.negotiate vi．& vt．谈判，协商→negotiation n．谈判；协商→negotiable adj．可协商的 2.inquire vi．& vt．询问，打听→inquiry n．询问；打听 3.resolve vt．解决(问题、困难)；决定→resolution n．决定；解决 4.annoying adj．讨厌的，令人气恼的→annoyed adj．烦恼的，生气的→annoy vt．使生气，惹恼→annoyance n．恼怒；使人烦恼的事 5.inconvenience n．不便，麻烦→convenience n．方便，便利→inconvenient adj．不方便的→convenient adj．方便的 6.detect vt．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection n．侦查，察觉，发现 7.maturity n．成熟→mature adj．成熟的→immature adj．不成熟的 8.assign vt．分配，分派，指派(任务)→assignment n．任务 9.drummer n．鼓手→drum vi．击鼓，打鼓 n．鼓 10.complaint n．投诉→complain v．抱怨；投诉 11.warning n．警告，警示；告诫→warn v．警告 12.departure n．离开，起程→depart v．离开，出发 13.prejudiced adj．有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的→prejudice n．偏见 vt．使怀有偏见；损害 14.pleasant adj．礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的→pleased adj．高兴的；满意的→please vt．使高兴→pleasure n．高兴，愉快；乐趣，乐事 15.violence n．暴力行为，暴力→violent adj．暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv．激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地 16.tolerate vt．忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→tolerance n．容忍；宽容；忍耐力→intolerance n．不容忍，偏狭→tolerant adj．宽容的；容忍的→intolerant adj．难以容忍的 17.withdraw vi．& vt．(使)退出(活动、组织等)；提，取；撤回→withdrawal n．撤回；收回；退出 18.firmly adv．坚定地，坚决地→firm adj．坚硬的；坚定的 n．公司，商行 19.identification n．身份证明(文件)→identify vt．确认；认出；鉴定→identity n．身份；同一性，一致 20.mud n．泥，烂泥→muddy adj．多泥的，泥泞的 21.distribute vt．分发，分配，分送→distribution n．分配；分布 22.temporary adj．暂时的，临时的；短期的→temporarily adv．暂时地，临时地 23.appreciation n．感激→appreciate vt．感激，感谢；欣赏，赏识；理解，明白→appreciative adj．感激的；欣赏的 24.alcohol n．含酒精饮品；酒→alcoholic adj．酒精的；含酒精的 25.fried adj．油炸的，油煎的→fry vt．& vi．油炸；油煎 n．炸薯条 26.harm vt．伤害 n．损害，危害→harmful adj．有害的→harmless adj．无害的 27.invest vi．& vt．投资；(时间、精力的)投入→investment n．投资 28.conclude vt．作出结论，推断出；结束，终止→conclusion n．结论；推论；结束 29.recovery n．康复，痊愈→recover v．恢复；痊愈 30.loose adj．松的；宽大的；松的，松动的；松散的，披散的 ；未严加控制的；不严谨的→loosely adv．松散地；宽松地→loosen v．放松；(使)变松；松开(手等) 31.greed n．贪欲，贪婪→greedy adj．贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的 三、常考单词 1. annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气；打扰 背重点 背写作佳句 1) be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 2) annoying adj. 令人恼怒的（修饰事物） be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气　 1. I was annoyed with him for being late. 我因他迟到而生气。(读后续写之情绪描写) 2.It is annoying that I can’t come to your birthday party. 明天不能去你的生日聚会令人恼怒。(道歉信) 2. monitor vt. 监控，监测；n. 显示器；班长 背重点 背写作佳句 1）monitor sth/ sb 监督某人 2）as a monitor作为班长 1.We can use AI technology to monitor the sports evernt.我们可以用AI科技来监督体育项目。 (介绍信) 2.As a monitor, I want to make an announcement.作为班长，我有个通知要讲。(通知) 四．单元短语 1.reach a compromise 达成妥协 2.be prejudiced against 对…… 有偏见 3.come to a resolution 作出决定 4.a chorus of complaints 齐声抱怨 5.be fed up with 厌倦 6.withdraw from 从…… 退出 7.in a flash 立刻 8.take action 采取行动 9.be exposed to 暴露于 10.from then on 从那时起 五．单元佳句 1．句式：Being + 形容词 / 分词，主句（原因状语） 【教材】Being single, Ma Ming often held parties at night. 由于单身，马明经常在晚上举办派对。 2．句式：现在分词被动式作状语（being done） 【教材】Ma Ming’s neighbours said they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise. 邻居们说，长期暴露在这种噪音下快要被逼疯了。 3. 句式：虚拟语气：if…had done, …would have done 【教材】The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn’t have rented the flat to him. 房东说要是早知道他是鼓手，就不会把房子租给他了。 4．句式：be doing…when…（正在做…… 突然……） 【教材】He and his family were eating breakfast when the American soldiers entered the village. 他和家人正在吃早饭，这时美军士兵进了村子。 六．单元语法 Modal Verbs 情态动词 情态动词和动词原形连用，表达可能性、能力、许可和责任等。 ought to ought to用于: 1. to show duty or moral obligation表示职责或道义上的责任 You really ought to visit your grandmother. You know she hasn't been well. We ought to give more assistance to charities in need of funding. 2 to show necessity表示必要性. You ought to go to bed early as you have to be up at six. 3 to make a suggestion出某种建议 . You really ought to try this diet. I have lost five kilograms. Could could用于: 1 to express possibility表示可能性 If our defence is good in the next game, we could even win. 2.as the past tense of can 作为can的过去式 I could swim for hours when I was younger. may, might, can, could 在肯定句中，may,could,might用于表示某事可能发生或可能存在，但can不能用于此目的。might表示可能性很小。 It may / might/ could snow later in the day. According to the weather report, it may rain today. It might even snow. can用来表示更宽泛的某事发生的可能性。 Too much snow can cause trouble. 在否定句中，用cannot或者couldn't表示“不可能”。 It can't / couldn't be Jack. He said he wouldn't talk to me any more. 在肯定句中may/could/might+have done用于表示过去某事可能发生了。 I thought Jenny was angry at me, but I may / might / could have been wrong。 Nobody knew where Tom was. He may / might / could have gone abroad. might/could+have done用于表示某事可能在过去发生，但事实上并没有发生。may和can不能用于此种情况。 If you went to school on foot this morning, you could / might have avoided the accident. 七．单元写作 撰写观点文章（AN OPINION ESSAY） [文体介绍] 观点类作文是高中英语高频应用文题型，属于议论类文体，主要针对某一社会现象、校园话题、品质主题发表个人看法、阐述理由、表达态度。文章要求观点明确、逻辑清晰、条理分明、语言简洁正式。 时态：以一般现在时为主，阐述普遍道理、个人观点、客观意义；举例可酌情使用一般过去时。 人称：以第一人称（I / We）、第三人称为主，客观说理。 [基本框架] 开头（第一段：引出话题+亮明观点） 简洁引出当下热门话题或现象，直接清晰表明自己的核心态度，不拖沓、不偏题。 主体（第二段：分点论证+阐释理由） 围绕个人观点展开分层论述，可从意义、好处、原因、做法等角度展开，逻辑衔接自然，层层递进，无需细碎具体事例，侧重通用说理。 结尾（第三段：总结全文+升华主题） 重申核心观点，总结话题价值与意义，发出呼吁或做出展望，升华文章主旨。 [常用词块] 1. be of great importance 至关重要 2. arouse people’s attention 引起人们的关注 3. play an important role in... 在…中发挥重要作用 4. be beneficial to... 对……有益 5. improve personal qualities 提升个人品质 6. form good habits 养成良好习惯 7. raise awareness of... 提高……意识 8. attach great importance to... 高度重视…… 9. make a difference 产生影响、有所作为 10. in my view / from my perspective 在我看来 11. as far as I am concerned 就我而言 12. take positive action 采取积极行动 [常用语句] ★ 精彩开头 1. Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to this hot topic. 2. As an important quality/topic in our daily life, it has aroused wide discussion. 3. In my opinion, it is of great importance for us to value this issue. 4. When it comes to this topic, I hold a positive attitude towards it. ★ 正文佳句 1. There are several reasons to support my opinion. 2. Firstly, this thing can bring us many benefits in our study and life. 3. Secondly, it helps us improve ourselves and form good qualities. 4. Besides, it plays an important role in our personal growth. 5. What’s more, it is beneficial to both individuals and society. 6. As far as I am concerned, sticking to it makes a big difference. ★ 余味结尾 1. In short, this topic is meaningful and worthy of our attention. 2. From what has been discussed above, we can draw a clear conclusion. 3. It is high time that we realized its importance and took action. 4. Only by sticking to it can we make greater progress in the future. 英语周报正在征集关于低碳生活的稿件，请你以“Low-carbon Life, Better Life”为题，写一个稿件。 Low-carbon Life, Better Life Nowadays, environmental protection has aroused people’s wide attention. In my view, living a low-carbon life is of great importance to everyone. There are several reasons why we should stick to a low-carbon lifestyle. Firstly, it is greatly beneficial to protecting our environment and helps reduce pollution around us. Secondly, a green lifestyle plays an important role in improving our personal qualities and forming good living habits. Besides, it can raise our awareness of environmental protection and encourage us to take positive action in daily life. From what has been discussed above, we can draw a clear conclusion that small green actions really make a difference. It is high time that we attached great importance to low-carbon life. Only by working together can we create a more beautiful and sustainable world for the future. Unit 10 Connections 一、被动语态专练 1. When all the students __________(seat), the professor began his lecture. 2. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team __________(rescue) four days later. 3. Some parents __________(elect)to form a new school board by the end of last week. 4. Experiments in the photography of moving objects __________(conduct) in both the United States and Europe well before 1900. 5.Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university __________(accept). 6.At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement __________(reach). 7. Bill __________(hardly admit)to a foreign university when he decided to give up looking for a job. 8. Suddenly he remembered that his umbrella __________(leave) on the bus. 9. How the guests __________(treat ) in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. 10. The bridge __________(built) at that time when we were visiting the city. 答案： 1. were seated 2. was rescued 3. had been elected 4. had been conducted 5.was accepted 6. was reached 7. had hardly been admitted 8. had been left 9. had been treated 10.was being built 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Much to my ______ (amaze), he solved the difficult problem in minutes. 2.The ______ (disturb) noise outside made me feel ______ (disturb). 3.It is ______ (annoy) that my neighbour always makes loud noise late at night. 4.His opinion often ______ (conflict) with his parents’ ideas. 5.Experts appealed to parents ______ (control) children’s screen time strictly. 6.Many college students graduate ______ heavy debt nowadays. 7.As a consequence ______ his carelessness, he failed the exam. 8.The little boy hung ______ his head when he was criticized. 9.We can have different views and agree ______ (disagree) peacefully. 10. The movie is so ______ (appeal) that many teenagers go to watch it again. 答案 & 解析 1.amazement 解析：固定搭配 much to one’s + 名词，amaze 名词形式为 amazement。 2.disturbing; disturbed 解析：disturbing 修饰事物 “令人烦躁的”；disturbed 修饰人 “感到不安的”。 3.annoying 解析：It is + 形容词 (+ing) + that 从句，描述事物 “令人恼火的”。 4.conflicts 解析：主语为单数，一般现在时，谓语动词用三单。 5.to control 解析：固定搭配 appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事。 6.in 解析：固定短语 in debt 负债。 7.of 解析：固定短语 as a consequence of 由于。 8.down 解析：固定短语 hang down one’s head 低下头。 9.to disagree 解析：固定短语 agree to disagree 求同存异。 10.appealing 解析：so + 形容词，appeal 形容词形式 appealing “吸引人的”。 三、完成句子。 1．如果被邀请，我一定会去的。(状语从句的省略) If invited, I’ll go there. 2．正是在校园里我们再次相遇了。(强调句) It was in the campus that we met again. 3．但肯定有个男孩……(情态动词+have done) But there must have been a boy… 4．好了，好了，没有必要为这件事哭得这么厉害。 Well, well, there's no need to cry so about it. 5．马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装) To bed went Matthew．And to bed，when she had put her dishes away, went Marilla，frowning most resolutely. Unit 11 Conflict and compromise 一、单词拼写。根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式 1.The two companies will negotiate (商议) a new contract to solve the payment problem. 2.Reaching a compromise(妥协) is important for resolving conflicts between family members. 3. He felt ashamed (羞愧的) of himself for lying to his parents about his test score. 4.You can inquire (问询) about the exam results by calling the school office. 5.We need to resolve (消除) this misunderstanding before it affects our friendship. 6.She was annoyed(生气的) with her brother for borrowing her book without asking. 7.The annoying (生气的) noise from the construction site kept me awake all night. 8.We apologize for any inconvenience (不便) caused by the delay of the train. 9.The new equipment can detect (探测) small changes in air quality quickly. 10.The weather today is somewhat (有点) colder than yesterday, so take a jacket. 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.We need to reach a ________ (compromise) on this issue. 2.She is ________ (annoy) with her brother for breaking her toy. 3.It is ________ (shameful) to laugh at others’ mistakes. 4.He ________ (withdraw) from the competition yesterday. 5.The teacher monitors our ________ (progress) every week. 6.They distributed food ________ the poor children. 7.She inquired ________ the price of the product. 8.Don’t get ________ a panic about the exam. 9.We should be tolerant ________ different opinions. 10.The movie is so ________ (appeal) that many people watch it. 答案 & 解析 1.compromise（固定搭配 reach a compromise） 2.annoyed（be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气） 3.shameful（修饰事物，“可耻的”） 4.withdrew（yesterday 用一般过去时） 5.progress（不可数名词，“进步”） 6.to（distribute sth. to sb. 分发某物给某人） 7.about（inquire about sth. 询问某事） 8.into（get into a panic 陷入恐慌） 9.of（be tolerant of 容忍……） 10.appealing（so + 形容词，“吸引人的”） 三、完成句子。 1.他迟到了，错过了早班车。 Being late, he missed the early bus. 我正走路，突然遇到了老朋友。 I was walking when I met an old friend. 他们正过马路看到了他们的老师。 They were crossing the road when they saw their teacher. 如果当时知道他会来，我一定会在那等他。 If I had known he would come, I would have waited for him there. $