内容正文:
Unit 5 The Power of Inventions
Section B 知识清单
一、重点单词
1. material /məˈtɪəriəl/n. 材料;原料 adj. 物质的
2. imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/v. 想象;设想
3. magazine /ˌmæɡəˈziːn/n. 杂志
4. papermaking /ˈpeɪpəmeɪkɪŋ/n. 造纸术;造纸
5. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 负责的;成为…… 的原因;be responsible for 是…… 的原因
6. rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的;快速的
7. shape /ʃeɪp/v. 塑造;使成形 n. 形状
8. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/adj. 古代的;古老的
9. bronze /brɒnz/n. 青铜;青铜器
10. bamboo /ˌbæmˈbuː/n. 竹子
11. silk /sɪlk/n. 丝绸;丝织品
12. jute /dʒuːt/n. 黄麻
13. fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/n. 纤维;纤维物质
14. store /stɔː(r)/v. 储存;存放 n. 商店
15. emperor /ˈempərə(r)/n. 皇帝;君主
16. workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/n. 工坊;车间
17. ideal /aɪˈdɪəl/adj. 理想的;完美的
18. bark /bɑːk/n. 树皮
19. ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/n. 原料;成分
20. boil /bɔɪl/v. 煮沸;烧开
21. beat /biːt/v. 拍打;捶打(过去式 beat,过去分词 beaten)
22. liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/n. 液体 adj. 液态的
23. screen /skriːn/n. 筛网;屏幕
24. dry /draɪ/v.(使)变干 adj. 干燥的
25. press /pres/v. 按压;压平 n. 按压
26. praise /preɪz/v. & n. 赞扬;称赞
27. technique /tekˈniːk/n. 技术;工艺
28. civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 文明
29. neighbouring /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/adj. 邻近的;周边的
30. printing /ˈprɪntɪŋ/n. 印刷;印刷术
31. increase /ˈɪŋkriːs/n. 增长 /ɪnˈkriːs/v. 增加;增多
32. glue /ɡluː/n. 胶水 v. 粘贴
33. remove /rɪˈmuːv/v. 移除;取下;去掉
34. mark /mɑːk/v. 做标记 n. 记号;标记
35. glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(r)/n. 滑翔机
36. control /kənˈtrəʊl/v. & n. 控制;支配
37. flight /flaɪt/n. 飞行;航班
38. journey /ˈdʒɜːni/n. 旅行;行程
39. communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 交流;沟通
二、重点短语
(一)核心固定搭配
be made of 由…… 制成(能看出原材料)
be made from 由…… 制成(看不出原材料)
be responsible for 导致;是…… 的原因
spread of information 信息传播
animal bones 兽骨
bronze wares 青铜器
solve the problem 解决问题
suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
mix...with... 把…… 与…… 混合
cut up 切碎;剪开
to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是
later on 后来;之后
speed up 加速;加快
neighbouring countries 邻国
carry out 执行;进行
piece of paper 一张纸
stand up 站起来
result in 导致;造成
look to do sth. 打算 / 力求做某事
heavier-than-air flight 重于空气的飞行器飞行
(二)文化 & 发明相关
Western Han Dynasty 西汉
Eastern Han Dynasty 东汉
papermaking technique 造纸术
stick things 粘贴物品
public test flight 公开试飞
三、重点句子
1. All of these things depend on one invention—— papermaking.
所有这些事物都离不开一项发明 —— 造纸术。
2. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
相比其他发明,造纸术极大推动了信息的快速传播,塑造了现代世界。
3. All of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive.
这些材料要么难以使用和存放,要么价格十分昂贵。
4. To everyone's surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap.
令所有人惊讶的是,这种纸张质地柔软、轻便、易制作、易使用,最重要的是价格低廉。
5. The papermaking technique did not only speed up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world.
造纸术不仅推动了中国文化的发展,也改变了世界各地的文明。
6. An accident led to the invention of sticky notes.
便利贴的发明源于一次意外。
7. The invention of the plane has made our travels around the world much easier and faster.
飞机的发明让我们的环球旅行变得更加便捷、快速。
四、单词详解
imagine /ɪˈmædʒɪn/v. 想象
搭配:imagine (doing) sth. 想象(做)某事
例句:Can you imagine life without paper? 你能想象没有纸张的生活吗?
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 有责任的;作为起因
搭配:be responsible for 对…… 负责;导致
例句:Carelessness is responsible for the mistake. 粗心造成了这个错误。
store /stɔː(r)/v. 储存,存放
例句:We can store old books in the box. 我们可以把旧书存放在箱子里。
ideal /aɪˈdɪəl/adj. 理想的,完美的
例句:This kind of material is not ideal for writing. 这种材料并不适合书写。
boil /bɔɪl/v. 煮沸
例句:Boil the water before use. 使用前先把水烧开。
praise /preɪz/v. & n. 称赞,表扬
搭配:praise sb. for sth. 因某事赞扬某人
increase /ɪnˈkriːs/v. 增加,增长
搭配:increase in number 数量增多
remove /rɪˈmuːv/v. 取下,移除
例句:You can easily remove the paper from the book. 你可以轻松把纸从书上取下来。
control /kənˈtrəʊl/v. & n. 控制
搭配:take control of 控制……
五、短语详解
be made of / be made from 由…… 制成
be made of:成品看得见原材料
例:The desk is made of wood.
be made from:成品看不见原材料
例:Paper is made from wood.
cut up 切碎,剪开
例句:Cut up the old clothes before putting them into water. 把旧衣服剪碎再放入水中。
to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是
用法:置于句首,后接逗号。
speed up (使)加速,加快
例句:New technology speeds up production. 新技术加快了生产速度。
result in 导致,造成(后接结果)
辨析:result from 由…… 引起(后接原因)
六、词形拓展
create (v.) → creative (adj. 有创造力的) → creation (n. 创造物)
invent (v.) → invention (n. 发明) → inventor (n. 发明者)
produce (v.) → product (n. 产品) → production (n. 生产)
rapid (adj.) → rapidly (adv. 迅速地)
communicate (v.) → communication (n. 交流)
civilize (v.) → civilization (n. 文明)
dry (v./adj.) → dryness (n. 干燥)
七、核心句式
either...or... 要么…… 要么……;或者…… 或者……
例句:The material is either hard or expensive.
not only...but also... 不仅…… 而且……(连接并列成分)
例句:He is not only clever but also hard-working.
make + 宾语 + 形容词 使…… 处于某种状态
例句:The invention makes life easier.
It + be + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的
八、语法重点
1. 被动语态(复习巩固)
本单元继续强化一般现在时、一般过去时、情态动词的被动语态,结合发明、制作流程高频使用。
一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词
一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词
2. 易混结构:be made 短语
be made of (看得出原料)
be made from(看不出原料)
be made in + 地点 产于某地
be made by + 人 由某人制作
3. 并列连词
either...or.../not only...but also... 主谓一致:谓语动词遵循就近原则。
九、练习
一、根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
1. Paper is an important ancient i______.
2. This kind of cloth is m______ from cotton.
3. Cai Lun was r______ for improving papermaking.
4. Please b______ the water for five minutes.
5. The new technique will i______ production greatly.
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
6. The paper ______ (make) from bark and old clothes long ago.
7. To my ______ (surprise), he finished the work alone.
8. The accident ______ (result) in a new invention.
9. The plane ______ (control) by the driver carefully.
10. Not only we but also he ______ (like) great inventions.
三、短语填空
be responsible for, cut up, speed up, result in, to one's surprise
11. The new machine can ______ our work.
12. ______, the weak glue became useful in daily life.
13. Careless use may ______ accidents.
14. Who ______ this big change?
15. Please ______ these leaves and put them into the water.
四、句型转换
16. They made paper from bark.(改为被动语态)
17. Paper ______ ______ from bark.
18. The paper is light. The paper is cheap.(用 not only...but also... 合并)
19. The paper is ______ ______ light ______ ______ cheap.
20. The material is hard. It is expensive.(用 either...or... 合并)
21. The material is ______ hard ______ expensive.
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