内容正文:
Unit 1 The Changing World
Section B 知识清单
一、重点单词
1. decade /ˈdekeɪd/n. 十年,数十年;decades (复数);over decades 数十年来
2. narrow /ˈnærəʊ/adj. 狭窄的;反义词:wide 宽阔的;narrow dirt tracks 狭窄的土路
3. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/n. 交通工具;车辆;all kinds of vehicles 各式各样的车辆
4. fridge /frɪdʒ/n. 冰箱;全称 refrigerator;put food in the fridge 把食物放进冰箱
5. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/adj. 用电的;电动的;electric product 电子产品;electronic adj. 电子的
6. spare /speə(r)/adj. 空闲的;多余的;spare time 业余时间;in one's spare time 在某人空闲时间
7. colourful /ˈkʌləfl/adj. 丰富多彩的;colour n. 颜色;colourful life 丰富多彩的生活
8. society /səˈsaɪəti/n. 社会;social adj. 社会的;the development of society 社会发展
9. transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/n. & v. 交通;运输;public transport 公共交通;transport system 交通系统
10. convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 便利的,方便的;convenience n. 便利;inconvenient adj. 不方便的
11. build /bɪld/v. 建造;建立(过去式 / 过去分词 built);building n. 建筑物,楼房;tall buildings 高楼
12. muddy /ˈmʌdi/adj. 泥泞的;mud n. 泥土;muddy roads 泥泞的道路
13. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adj. & adv. 在线的;在网上;sell online 网上售卖;online shopping 网购
14. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/n. 产品;farm products 农产品;produce v. 生产
15. scenery /ˈsiːnəri/n. 风景,景色(不可数);natural scenery 自然风光
16. villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/n. 村民;village n. 村庄
17. smooth /smuːð/adj. 平坦的;光滑的;反义词:rough 崎岖的;smooth roads 平坦的马路
18. travel /ˈtrævl/v. & n. 旅行;出行;travel by bus 乘公交出行
19. activity /ækˈtɪvəti/n. 活动;activities(复数);take part in activities 参加活动
20. skill /skɪl/n. 技能,技巧;learn new skills 学习新技能
二、重点短语
1. decades ago 数十年前
2. dirt track 土路,小径
3. public transport 公共交通
4. electric product 电子产品
5. spare time 业余时间,空闲时间
6. take part in 参加
7. learn new skills 学习新技能
8. high-speed train 高铁
9. man-made building 人造建筑
10. sell products online 网上售卖产品
11. all kinds of 各种各样的
12. thanks to 多亏;由于
13. become better and better 变得越来越好
14. along the road 沿路
15. living condition 生活条件
三、重点句子
1. Great changes have taken place in people’s lives over the past decades.
数十年来,人们的生活发生了巨大的变化。
2. Roads were narrow dirt tracks. People mainly travelled on foot or by bike.
过去道路是狭窄的土路,人们主要步行或骑自行车出行。
3. More and more tall buildings stand everywhere now.
如今,到处都矗立着越来越多的高楼。
4. People not only have enough food and clothes, but also enjoy colorful spare time.
人们不仅衣食无忧,还拥有丰富多彩的业余生活。
5. They can go travelling, take part in activities or learn new skills in their free time.
他们可以在空闲时旅行、参加活动或是学习新技能。
6. Thanks to the development of society, our life is becoming better and better.
多亏了社会的发展,我们的生活正变得越来越好。
7. Though our life has changed greatly, the kind villagers and beautiful natural scenery always stay the same.
虽然我们的生活发生了巨变,但淳朴的村民和美丽的自然风光始终没变。
8. I used to walk to school, but now I take a bus every day.
我过去步行上学,现在每天坐公交车。
四、单词详解
1. decade /ˈdekeɪd/n. 十年;数十年
观察
Decades ago, life was very hard for most people. 数十年前,大多数人的生活十分艰苦。
Great changes have happened in the past two decades. 过去二十年间发生了巨大变化。
归纳拓展
常用搭配:decades ago 数十年前;for decades 数十年来
同义短语:ten years 十年
2. narrow /ˈnærəʊ/adj. 狭窄的
观察
The road used to be narrow and muddy. 这条路过去又窄又泥泞。
The river is not narrow at all. 这条河一点也不窄。
归纳拓展
反义词:wide 宽阔的
派生词:narrowly 狭窄地;勉强地
固定短语:narrow dirt tracks 狭窄的土路
3. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/n. 交通工具;车辆
观察
There are many kinds of vehicles on the street. 街道上有各式各样的车辆。
Buses and cars are common vehicles. 公交车和汽车都是常见交通工具。
归纳拓展
复数形式:vehicles
辨析:vehicle 泛指一切交通工具;car 特指小汽车
4. spare /speə(r)/adj. 空闲的;多余的 v. 抽出(时间)
观察
I have lots of spare time on weekends. 我周末有很多空闲时间。
Can you spare me a few minutes? 你能抽出几分钟时间吗?
归纳拓展
核心搭配:spare time = free time 业余时间
固定用法:in one's spare time 在某人空闲时
5. colourful /ˈkʌləfl/adj. 丰富多彩的;五颜六色的
观察
We have a colourful school life. 我们的校园生活丰富多彩。
The garden is full of colourful flowers. 花园里开满了五颜六色的花。
归纳拓展
构词:colour(名词,颜色)+ -ful(形容词后缀)→ colourful
同义:varied 丰富多彩的
6. transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/n. & v. 交通;运输
观察
Public transport is very convenient now. 现在公共交通十分便利。
Trucks transport fruits to different cities. 卡车把水果运往各个城市。
归纳拓展
常用搭配:public transport 公共交通;transport system 交通系统
近义词:traffic (侧重路上车流)
7. convenient /kənˈviːniənt/adj. 便利的,方便的
观察
It’s convenient to take high-speed trains. 乘坐高铁很方便。
归纳拓展
派生词:convenience 便利;inconvenient 不方便
常用句型:It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事很方便
8. build /bɪld/v. 建造;建立 (built, built)
观察
Workers built many new houses here. 工人们在这里建了很多新房。
归纳拓展
派生词:building 建筑物,楼房
搭配:build tall buildings 建造高楼;build a road 修路
9. muddy /ˈmʌdi/adj. 泥泞的
观察
The road became muddy after the rain. 雨后道路变得泥泞不堪。
归纳拓展
构词:mud(名词,泥土)+ -y(形容词后缀)→ muddy
同类词:sandy 多沙的;bushy 灌木丛生的
10. online /ˌɒnˈlaɪn/adj. & adv. 在线的;在网上
观察
Many farmers sell products online now. 现在很多农民网上卖货。
归纳拓展
反义词:offline 离线的
搭配:online shopping 网购;online class 网课
11. scenery /ˈsiːnəri/n. 风景(不可数名词)
观察
The natural scenery of the village is beautiful. 这个村子的自然风光很美。
归纳拓展
辨析:scenery 为风景总称,不可数;scene 指一处具体景色,可数
五、短语详解
1. take place 发生
观察
Great changes have taken place in our hometown. 我们家乡发生了巨大变化。
归纳拓展
辨析:take place 多指有计划、有安排地发生,无被动语态;happen 多指偶然发生。
近义短语:come about 发生
2. thanks to 多亏;由于
观察
Thanks to your help, I finished the work on time. 多亏你的帮助,我按时完成了工作。
归纳拓展
辨析:thanks to 多用于褒义;because of 为中性词
3. take part in 参加
观察
I often take part in after-school activities. 我经常参加课外活动。
归纳拓展
辨析:take part in 参加活动、比赛;join 加入团体、人群;join in 参与正在进行的活动
4. not only ... but also ... 不仅…… 而且……
观察
She is not only kind but also helpful. 她不仅善良,还乐于助人。
归纳拓展
主谓一致:谓语动词遵循就近原则
六、核心句式
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(现在不再做)
例句
I used to live in a small house. 我过去住在一间小房子里。
They used to go to school on foot. 他们过去步行上学。
句式变形
否定句:sb. didn't use to do sth.
疑问句:Did sb. use to do sth.?
2. not only ... but also ... 不仅…… 而且……
例句
People not only have enough food, but also enjoy rich spare time.
人们不仅衣食无忧,还拥有丰富的业余生活。
3. 连词 though /although 引导让步状语从句
例句
Though life has changed a lot, we still love our village.
虽然生活变化很大,但我们依然热爱这个村庄。
注意:though/although 不能与 but 连用。
4. 现在完成时 + over the past/last + 时间段
例句
Great changes have taken place over the past decades.
数十年来发生了巨大的变化。
用法:over the past/last... 是现在完成时典型时间标志。
七、语法知识
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或产生结果,重点强调当下的状态,常搭配 already, yet, ever, never, since, for, over the past decades 等时间标志词。
一般过去时只单纯描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态,和现在没有关联,常搭配 yesterday, last year, decades ago, in + 过去年份等明确的过去时间状语。
八、练习
一、判断句子时态
People travelled by bike decades ago. ____________
Our village has become more beautiful. ____________
I used to play games after school. ____________
She has learned many new skills recently. ____________
They built a new bus station last year. ____________
二、用括号内单词的适当形式填空
Great changes ________ (take) place in our village over the past ten years.
People ________ (live) in small old houses decades ago.
Now there ________ (be) many tall buildings in the town.
My father often ________ (sell) farm products online now.
They ________ (build) a new road two years ago.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
数十年前,道路又窄又泥泞。
________ ________, the roads were narrow and muddy.
如今人们的业余生活丰富多彩。
People have a ________ ________ life now.
多亏社会发展,我们的生活越来越好。
________ ________ the development of society, our life is becoming better and better.
我过去步行上学,现在坐公交车。
I ________ ________ walk to school, but now I take a bus.
虽然生活变了,但自然风光依旧美丽。
________ life has changed a lot, the natural scenery is still beautiful.
四、短文填空(用方框词适当形式填空)
develop, build, transport, convenient, colourful, village
Great changes have taken place in this ________. Many new houses ________. Public ________ becomes more ________. People’s spare time is ________. Thanks to the fast ________, people’s living conditions are getting better.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$