Unit 2 Honesty语法易错+巩固练习（导学案）新六年级英语暑假自学课（译林版三起·新教材）

六年级上册暑假自学课（译林版三起） Unit 2 Honesty 语法易错+巩固练习 语法易错01 一般过去时的否定句 一般过去时用来描述过去发生的动作、过去存在的状态，它的否定句主要分两大核心类型：1.含be 动词、2.含实义动词，另外补充3.情态动词的情况： 一、含 be 动词（was /were）的否定句 1. be 动词的过去式： am / is → was（主语：I /he/she /it/单数名词） are → were（主语：you /we/they /复数名词） 2. 句子结构: 主语 + was /were + not + 其他成分. 缩写：was not = wasn't, were not = weren't 3. 肯定句 变 否定句 I was tired yesterday.（我昨天很累。） → I wasn't tired yesterday.（我昨天不累。） She was at home last night.（她昨晚在家。） → She wasn't at home last night.（她昨晚不在家。） They were happy.（他们当时很开心。） → They weren't happy.（他们当时不开心。） You were late this morning.（你今早迟到了。） → You weren't late this morning.（你今早没迟到。） 4. 规则小结 有 was/were 的句子变否定，直接在后面加 not即可，动词、主语都不用变化。 二、含实义动词 (行为动词) 的否定句 实义动词：表示 “做动作” 的词，如 go、play、watch、eat、run 等，这类动词变过去式会变形（go→went, play→played），不能直接加 not，必须借助助动词 did。 1. 核心结构 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形 + 其他成分. 注意：无论主语是谁，助动词统一用did； 原句中变形的过去式动词，必须变回动词原形（易错）； 缩写：did not = didn't 2. 例句（肯定句 → 否定句 对照） He went to school yesterday.（went 是 go 的过去式） → He didn't go to school yesterday.（went 变回原形 go） We played basketball last week.（played 是 play 的过去式） → We didn't play basketball last week. I watched TV last night.（watched 是 watch 的过去式） → I didn't watch TV last night. The bird flew away just now.（flew 是 fly 的过去式） → The bird didn't fly away just now. 三、拓展：含情态动词 could 的否定句 could是can 的过去式，表 “过去能够”，变否定规则简单： 结构：主语 + could not (couldn't) + 动词原形 + 其他. 例句: She could swim when she was six. → She couldn't swim when she was six.她六岁的时候还不会游泳。 知识演练01 一、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Kitty and Ben ________( stay) at home yesterday. They ________( watch) TV. 2. I________( not call) Mike this morning. 3. I listened but ________( hear) nothing. 4. I________( clean) my room three days ago. 5. We ________( enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 6. Jack didn’t ________( study) for the English test last Sunday. 7. The old man ________( be ) ill last week. 8. Long long ago, an old man ________( live) in the house on the mountain. 9. I didn't have ________( some) books. 10. They ________( be ) naughty(淘气的). The teacher was very angry. 二、单项选择。 ( )1. I was very thirsty. But there ________ any water in the bottle. A. wasn't B. weren't C. is ( )2. Yesterday I ________ my grandma all day. A. helped B. help C. helps ( )3. These children laughed at the monkey________. A. now B. tomorrow C. just now ( )4. Li Ling ________ Beijing in 2023. A. visited B. visit C. visits ( )5. Tina's home was not far from her school, so she often ________ to school. A. walk B. walks C. walked 三、句型转换：将下列肯定句变否定句。 1.The king was happy yesterday. → The king _________ happy yesterday. 2.They were in the forest just now. → They _________ in the forest just now. 3.Mike visited his grandparents last weekend. → Mike _________ _________ his grandparents last weekend. 4.She bought some new clothes this morning. → She _________ _________ _________ new clothes this morning. 5.The little girl could read English books two years ago. → The little girl _________ _________ English books two years ago. 6.There was a house near the river. → There _________ _________ house near the river. 7.We played football after school yesterday. → We _________ _________ football after school yesterday. 8.He became a good student last term.（他上学期成为了一名好学生。） → He _________ _________ a good student last term. 语法易错02 一般过去时的一般疑问句 一般过去时一般疑问句作用：询问过去是否存在某种状态、是否做过某个动作，回答分为肯定回答和否定回答。一般过去时的一般疑问句从以下几个方面讲解：1.含be动词、2.含实义动词、3.含情态动词could。 一、第一类：句中含 be 动词（was / were） 1. 结构：Was / Were + 主语 + 其他成分？ 规则：把 was/were 提到句子最前面，句末用问号，其余单词顺序不变。 • 主语为单数/ I / he / she / it → 用 Was • 主语为复数/ you / we / they → 用 Were 2. 回答 • 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was / were. • 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't / weren't. 3. 例句 1.The king was happy. 国王很开心。 → Was the king happy? 国王开心吗？ Yes, he was. / No, he wasn't. 2.They were in the forest just now. 他们刚才在森林里。 → Were they in the forest just now? 他们刚才在森林里吗？ Yes, they were. / No, they weren't. 3.I was late this morning. 我今早迟到了。 → Were you late this morning?（注意：问句中 I 要换成 you，was 变 were） Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 二、第二类：句中含实义动词 (行为动词) 像visit, play, go, buy, watch, work 等表示动作的动词，变疑问句不能直接把动词提前，必须借助助动词 Did（do/does 的过去式）。 1. 核心结构: Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分？ 三大规则： 1.句子开头必须加 Did，所有人称、单复数统一用 Did； 2.原句里的动词过去式，一定要变回动词原形； 3.肯定句中的 some，在疑问句中要改成 any。 2. 回答 • 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. • 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn't. 3. 例句 1.Mike visited his grandparents last weekend.（visited 是 visit 的过去式） → Did Mike visit his grandparents last weekend?迈克上周末看望祖父母了吗？ Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 2.She bought some new clothes this morning.（bought→buy；some→any） → Did she buy any new clothes this morning?她今早买新衣服了吗？ Yes, she did. / No, she didn't. 3.We played football yesterday.（played→play） → Did you play football yesterday?（we 问句改为 you） Yes, we did. / No, we didn't. 4.He went to school yesterday.（went→go，不规则动词必须还原） → Did he go to school yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he didn't. 三、第三类：句中含情态动词 could (can 的过去式) 1. 结构：Could + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 直接把 could 提到句首，动词保持原形。 2. 回答 • 肯定：Yes, 主语 + could. • 否定：No, 主语 + couldn't. 3. 例句 The girl could read English books two years ago. → Could the girl read English books two years ago? Yes, she could. / No, she couldn't. 四、一般过去时的肯定句变一般疑问句的方法总结 情况1：原句有 was / were / could 1.把 was / were / could 移到句子最前面； 2.末尾改问号，人称、some 按需变化。 情况2：原句是实义动词（有动词过去式） 1.句首加 Did； 2.把过去式动词变回原形，some 改 any，末尾改问号。 知识演练02 一、读对话，选词填空。 1.—Did you ________( have/ had) rice yesterday? —Yes,I ________( have/ had ) rice yesterday. 2.—________( Do/ Did) they go to Tianjin yesterday? —No, they ________( don't/ didn't). 3.—Did you ________( meet/ met) Peter at school? —No, he ________( was/ wasn't) back from Linyi. 4.—Did Tom ________( go/ went) home yesterday? —Yes, he ________( does/ did). 二、单项选择。 ( )1. Did they go to Beijing ________? A. tomorrow B. next week C. last year ( )2. ________ you come back yesterday? A. Do B. Did C. Were ( )3. ________ your grandma fat then? A. Was B. Are C. Is ( )4. Did your sister ________ songs last Friday? A. sings B. sang C. sing 三、将下列句子改为一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。 1. The man caught a lot of fish on the farm. —________ the man ________ a lot of fish on the farm? —________, ________ ________./________, ________ ________. 2. I was in the classroom just now. —________ ________ in the classroom just now? —________, ________ ________./ ________, ________ ________. 3. My mother did shopping last Saturday. —________ ________ mother ________ shopping last Saturday? —________, ________ ________. / ________, ________ ________. (1)不规则动词的过去式 一般过去时中的谓语动词要用过去式，动词的过去式一般是在词尾加- ed，而许多动词的过去式变化是不规则的，这就需要单独记忆。常见的不规则动词过去式如下所示： 情况 例词 动词原形和过去式同形 let- let put- put read- read cut- cut 以 ay结尾的动词, 变 ay为 aid say- said pay- paid 将动词中的字母i变为o drive- drove win- won write- wrote 将动词中的子母i，o，u变为a drink- drank run- ran come- came sing- sang 以 eep结尾的动词, 变 eep为 ept sleep- slept keep- kept 变为- ew 结尾 throw- threw know- knew fly- flew 以 end 结尾的动词, 变 end为 ent spend- spent send- sent 变为- ought /- aught结尾 think- thought buy- bought catch- caught teach- taught 完全不同 is/ am- was are- were eat- ate 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Lily ________( find) a key on the floor last morning. 2. We ________( have) a party last Children's Day. 3. Mike ________( go) to the park by bus last Sunday. 4. My aunt ________( take) a big cake to the party last night. 5. The weather ________( become) windy and cloudy yesterday. 6. The boy ________( see) some monkeys in the park this morning. 7. The horse ________( run ) very fast in the past. But now it runs slowly. 8. They ________( come) back last Friday. 9. I________( go) to the park yesterday. I ________( meet) Mengmeng there. 二、单项选择。 ( )1.—Where ________ my new clothes? —I ________ them on the sofa this morning. A. are; sees B. is; saw C. are; saw ( )2. There ________ any flowers in front of the house. A. was B. wasn't C. weren't ( )3. He ________ his lunch to the park and ate it quickly. A. bring B. brought C. brings ( )4. I________a new bag yesterday. A. get B. getted C. got 重难点特训 一、写出下列动词的过去式（每空1分，共20分） 1. go ________ 2. do ________ 3. have ________ 4. buy ________ 5. fly ________ 6. see ________ 7. say ________ 8. eat ________ 9. get ________ 10. take ________ 11. play ________ 12. visit ________ 13. watch ________ 14. live ________ 15. walk ________ 16. try ________ 17. study ________ 18. stop ________ 19. come ________ 20. become ________ 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I ________ (be) busy yesterday afternoon. 2. She ________ (not watch) cartoons last Sunday. 3. ________ (do) you go to the park just now? 4. There ________ (be) some birds in the tree yesterday. 5. Mike ________ (not visit) his grandparents last weekend. 6. My brother ________ (can) swim when he was five years old. 7. We ________ (have) a big dinner last Spring Festival. 8. Did they ________ (play) basketball after school yesterday? 9. Were there ________ (some) apples on the table? 10. The girl ________ (buy) a new skirt this morning. 11. He ________ (try) hard in the high jump yesterday. 12. Helen ________ (not understand) the words at first. 13. Miss Li ________ (teach) us English last term. 14. The bird ________ (fly) high in the sky yesterday. 15. They ________ (not give) up at that time. 三、单项选择。 ( )1. ______ you at home yesterday evening? A. Are B. Were C. Did ( )2. He ______ his homework last night. A. didn’t do B. didn’t did C. don’t do ( )3. — Did Lily fly kites last Saturday? — ______ A. Yes, she was. B. No, she didn’t. C. No, she wasn’t. ( )4. There ______ a lot of milk in the bottle just now. A. was B. were C. did ( )5. My sister ______ speak English two years ago. A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t ( )6. ______ your father go fishing last weekend? A. Was B. Were C. Did ( )7. The children ______ very happy at the party yesterday. A. was B. were C. did ( )8. Did your cousin ______ any oranges on the farm? A. pick B. picked C. picking ( )9. There weren’t ______ flowers in the garden long long ago. A. some B. any C. a ( )10. —Could you ride bikes three years ago? —______ A. Yes, I could. B. Yes, I did. C. No, I can’t. 四、根据对话语境，补全对话，每空一词。 A: Hello, Tom! ________ you at school yesterday? B: No, I ________. I was ill at home. A: I’m sorry to hear that. ________ you take any medicine? B: Yes, I ________. And I rested all day. A: Great! ________ you feel better now? B: Yes, I’m fine now. Thank you! 五、句型转换。 1. The king was clever.（改为否定句） _______________________________________________________________ 2. They played games in the park yesterday.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） _______________________________________________________________ 3. I had breakfast this morning.（改为否定句） _______________________________________________________________ 4. There were some oranges on the table.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） _______________________________________________________________ 5. He went to the zoo last weekend.（改为一般疑问句） _______________________________________________________________ 六、用所给词的适当形式填空补全短文。 Long long ago, there ________ (be) a small village. One day, a little boy ________ (go) to the village. He ________ (not have) any friends there before. Soon he ________ (meet) some kind children. They ________ (play) games and ________ (talk) happily together. The boy ________ (try) his best to make new friends. He ________ (learn) many new things. He ________ (be) very happy. He ________ (can) enjoy his day very much. 七、翻译句子。 1. 我昨天晚上没有看电视。 ________________________________________________________________ 2. 三年前他不会骑自行车。 ________________________________________________________________ 3. 刚才公园里有一些花吗？ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Did you visit your uncle last week? ________________________________________________________________ 5. She wasn’t sad yesterday afternoon. ________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 知识演练01 一、1. stayed; watched 2. didn't call 3. heard 4. cleaned 5. enjoyed 6. study 7. was 8. lived 9. any 10. were 二、1. A 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 三、1.wasn't（was 的否定缩写，主语是单数） 2.weren't（were 的否定缩写，主语是复数） 3.didn't visit（实义动词否定用 didn't，visited 变回原形 visit） 4.didn't buy any（some 在否定句中变 any，bought 变回原形 buy） 5.couldn't read（could 的否定缩写，动词用原形） 6.wasn't a（there be 单数否定，wasn't + a + 名词） 7.didn't play（实义动词否定用 didn't，played 变回原形 play） 8.didn't become（实义动词否定用 didn't，became 变回原形 become） 知识演练02 一、1. have; had 2. Did; didn't 3. meet; wasn't 4. go; did 二、1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 1.Did, catch; Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. 2.Were you; Yes, I were. No, I weren’t. 3.Did your, do; Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. 知识演练03 一、1. found 2. had 3. went 4. took 5. became 6. saw 7. ran 8. came 9. went; met 二、1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 重难点特训参考答案 一、1. went 2. did 3. had 4. bought 5. flew 6. saw 7. said 8. ate 9. got 10. took 11. played 12. visited 13. watched 14. lived 15. walked 16. tried 17. studied 18. stopped 19. came 20. became 二、1. was（主语I搭配be动词过去式was） 2. didn’t watch（实义动词否定，didn’t+动词原形） 3. Did（一般过去时疑问句，句首用Did大写） 4. were（birds为复数，there be用were） 5. didn’t visit（实义动词过去式否定还原原形） 6. could（can的过去式，对应过去时间） 7. had（have的不规则过去式） 8. play（Did后必须用动词原形） 9. any（疑问句中some变any） 10. bought（buy的不规则过去式） 11. tried（try过去式，辅音+y变y为i加ed） 12. didn’t understand（三单实义动词过去式否定还原） 13. taught（teach不规则过去式） 14. flew（fly不规则过去式） 15. didn’t give（实义动词过去式否定结构） 三、1. B 解析：主语you，be动词过去式用were 2. A 解析：last night为过去时，否定用didn’t+动词原形 3. B 解析：Did引导问句，回答统一用did/didn’t 4. A 解析：milk不可数名词，be动词用was 5. A 解析：two years ago表过去，过去不会用couldn’t 6. C 解析：实义动词go，疑问句借助Did 7. B 解析：children复数，be动词过去式用were 8. A 解析：Did后接动词原形 9. B 解析：否定句中some必须改为any 10. A 解析：Could引导问句，回答用could/couldn’t 四、1. Were 2. wasn’t 3. Did 4. did 5. Did 五、1. The king wasn’t clever. 2. Did they play games in the park yesterday? No, they didn’t. 3. I didn’t have breakfast this morning. 4. Were there any oranges on the table? Yes, there were. 5. Did he go to the zoo last weekend? 六、1. was 2. went 3. didn’t have 4. met 5. played 6. talked 7. tried 8. learned 9. was 10. could 七、1. I didn’t watch TV last night. 2. He couldn’t ride bikes three years ago. 3. Were there any flowers in the park just now? 4. 你上周看望你的叔叔了吗？ 5. 她昨天下午不难过。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $