期末语法复习（被动语态和现在完成时）2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦被动语态与现在完成时，以“概念-结构-应用”逻辑构建方法体系，通过公式化提炼与场景化训练提升语言运用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |被动语态|单选1-30题、单词拼写41-56题|结构公式化（am/is/are+done等时态结构）+用法场景化（强调承受者等3种用法）|构成（be+过去分词）→用法（3场景）→时态变化（现/过/将等5类）| |现在完成时|单选31-40题、单词拼写57-60题|用法二分法（影响/持续）+标志词清单（already等6词）|用法（2功能）→结构（have/has+过去分词）→时间标志（6类词）|

班级 姓名 学号 分数 期末语法复习 被动语态和现在完成时 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 被动语态是由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。 be 动词本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。 用法 1. 强调动作的承受者时 Mr. Green is respected by all of us. 2. 不必指出或不知动作的执行者时 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 3. 动作的执行者是无生命的事物时 I was deeply impressed by the Great Wall. 结构（以动词 do 为例，过去分词为 done） 一般现在时的被动语态 am/ is/ are + done Chinese is spoken by many people. 一般过去时的被动语态 was/ were + done The cup was broken by the boy, 一般将来时的被动语态 will be done A new library will be built next year. am/ is/ are going to be + done 现在进行时的被动语态 am/ is/ are + being + done The problem is being discussed now. 现在完成时 用法 ①表示过去的行为对现在产生的影响 ②表示过去的某一动作/状态一直持续到现在 结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其它 （主语是第三人称单数时用 has） 时间标志词 ①already （肯定句） ②yet （疑问句/否定句） ③so far ④since + 时间点 ⑤for + 时间段 ⑥recently 一、单项选择(本大题共40小题，每小题1.5分，共60分) 1．Extraordinary spacesuits ________ to protect astronauts from dangerous space environments. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 【答案】B 【详解】句意：特殊的宇航服被用来保护宇航员免受危险的太空环境伤害。 主语“Extraordinary spacesuits”与动词use之间为被动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，are used符合语境。 2．Jack, Mr Green will get angry if your homework _________ on time. A．isn’t handed in B．won’t hand in C．isn’t handed out D．won’t hand out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杰克，如果你的作业没有按时上交，格林先生会生气的。 hand in上交；hand out分发。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时，排除B、D；主语homework与动词之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且根据“Mr Green will get angry”可知，作业需“上交”，排除C。 3．All the children in the kindergarten ________ good care of by the teachers all the time. A．take B．are taken C．were taken D．will take 【答案】B 【详解】句意：幼儿园里所有的孩子一直受到老师们很好的照顾。 根据“by the teachers”可知，主语“All the children”是动作“take care of”的承受者，应用被动语态（be + 过去分词），排除主动语态选项。时间状语“all the time”表明是一般现在时，主语为复数，be动词用are。 4．Old newspapers and magazines ________ in this recycling center every week. A．collect B．collected C．are collected D．were collected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：旧报纸和杂志每周都在这个回收中心被收集。 主语“Old newspapers and magazines”与动词“collect”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语“every week”表明时态为一般现在时。一般现在时被动语态结构为 am/is/are+过去分词，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。 5．Some rare sea turtles ________ by fishermen in this coastal area every year. A．are protected B．protect C．protected D．were protected 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每年在这个沿海地区，一些稀有海龟被渔民保护。 are protected被保护(被动语态，一般现在时)；protect保护(主动语态，一般现在时)；protected保护(主动语态，一般过去时)；were protected被保护(被动语态，一般过去时)。主语“Some rare sea turtles”与动词protect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态结构be动词 + 过去分词。结合时间状语“every year”可知，be动词需用一般现在时，结合主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are protected。 6．The storybook about charity heroes ________ well, so more copies ________ recently. A．sells; are printed B．is sold; print C．sells; print D．is sold; are printed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本关于慈善英雄的故事书很畅销，所以最近加印了更多册。    根据“The storybook ... well”可知，第一空表示“书卖得好”，此处用主动形式“sells well”表示被动含义；根据“more copies”可知，第二空表示“更多册被印刷”，应用被动语态“are printed”。 7．In the competition, boys and girls ________ two groups. A．separate into B．are separated into C．separate from D．are separated from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在比赛中，男生和女生被分成两组。 separate into把……分成……；are separated into被分成；separate from把……从……分离；are separated from被和……隔开。主语“boys and girls”是动作的承受者，应用被动语态；根据语境“分成两组”可知应用into。应填are separated into。 8．We ________ to clean the blackboard before the teacher comes in. A．asked B．are asking C．ask D．are asked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师进来之前，我们被要求擦黑板。 主语“We”与动词“ask”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为：be + 过去分词结构。根据从句 “comes” 可知，时态为一般现在时，需用一般现在时的被动语态。 9．This small device is ________ by solar power. A．power B．powered C．powering D．powers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小装置是由太阳能供电的。 根据“This small device is...by solar power.”可知，主语device与动词power之间是被动关系，谓语结构为“be+动词的过去分词”。power的过去分词为powered。 10．—Do you enjoy the steamed fish? —Yes. But if a little pepper ________ to it, it will taste more delicious. A．adds B．will be added C．added D．is added 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你喜欢这道清蒸鱼吗？——是的。但是如果一点胡椒被加进去，它尝起来会更美味。 根据“if a little pepper ... to it, it will taste more delicious.”可知，句子是if引导的条件状语从句，主句是一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语“pepper”与add之间是被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，应填is added。 11．His remarks ________ at us all. That’s to say, he aimed his words ________ us all. A．aimed; to B．aims; on C．were aiming; for D．were aimed; at 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他的话是针对我们所有人的。也就是说，他把所有的话都对准了我们大家。 根据“aimed”可知，时态为一般过去时。主语His remarks和动词aim是被动关系，固定搭配be aimed at表示“（话语、行为）针对……”，remarks是复数，对应be动词用were，所以第一空填were aimed；固定搭配aim sth at sb表示“把……针对某人”，介词要用at。 12．All the mistakes in your homework ________ by your teacher just now. Please correct them at once. A．point out B．are pointed out C．were pointed out D．will be pointed out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你作业里的所有错误刚才都被你的老师指出来了。请立刻改正它们。 根据主语“All the mistakes”与动词短语“point out”之间是被动关系可知，需用被动语态，排除A项；根据时间状语“just now”可知，时态应为一般过去时，且主语为复数，应选were pointed out。 13．A new environmental protection law ________ in our country last year. A．passes B．passed C．is passed D．was passed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年我国通过了一项新的环境保护法。 根据时间状语“last year”可知时态为一般过去时；主语“law”与动词“pass”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。A项是一般现在时主动语态，B项是一般过去时主动语态，C项是一般现在时被动语态，D项是一般过去时被动语态。故选D。 14．To say goodbye to our middle school life, a grand graduation ceremony ________ in the school hall last Friday. A．holds B．is held C．held D．was held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了告别我们的中学生活，上周五在学校礼堂举行了一场盛大的毕业典礼。 holds举办（第三人称单数）；is held被举办（一般现在时被动语态）；held举办（一般过去时）；was held被举办（一般过去式被动语态）。主语“a grand graduation ceremony”与动词hold之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，排除A、C；根据时间状语“last Friday”可知句子时态为一般过去时，排除B。故填was held。 15．The book The Old Man and the Sea ________ by Ernest Hemingway. It’s a classic. A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．was written 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《老人与海》这本书是由欧内斯特·海明威写的。它是一部经典作品。 主语The book与动词write之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，结构为be+done，排除表示主动语态的writes和wrote；又因为书是过去写成的，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，排除is written。应填was written。 16．The old temple __________ by the local government last year to protect cultural heritage. A．repairs B．repaired C．is repaired D．was repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：去年为了保护文化遗产，这座古庙被当地政府修理了。 根据时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；且主语“The old temple”与动词“repair”之间为被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”。 17．The old temple ________ hundreds of years ago. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这座古庙建于数百年前。 根据时间状语“hundreds of years ago”可知，应用一般过去时；主语The old temple与build之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，应填was built。 18．Because of the heavy storm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：由于暴风雨，青岛的游客昨天被警告远离海滩。 根据时间状语“yesterday”可知句子为一般过去时；主语visitors与动词warn之间是被动关系，结构为was/were+过去分词。主语visitors是复数名词，be动词用were。 19．The 24 solar terms ________ by our ancestors to guide farming and daily life. A．created B．creates C．was created D．were created 【答案】D 【详解】句意：二十四节气是由我们的祖先创造的，用来指导农业生产和日常生活。 根据句中的“by our ancestors”可知，主语“The 24 solar terms”与动词“create”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，需使用被动语态（be+过去分词），排除A、B项。由“ancestors”一词可知，创造节气是发生在过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。主语“The 24 solar terms”的核心词是复数名词terms，助动词需用were。应填were created。 20．The little boy was ________ by the big dog and started to cry. A．frighten B．frightening C．frightened D．frightens 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小男孩被大狗吓到了，开始哭起来。 根据“by the big dog ”可知，是被大狗吓到，此处需用被动语态was frightened“被吓到”。应填frighten。 21．More trees ________ in our city next spring. A．will plant B．are planted C．will be planted D．plant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明年春天更多的树将被种植在我们城市。 时间状语“next spring”表明，句子时态为一般将来时；主语“trees”与动词plant之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be+过去分词。应填入will be planted。 22．A set of new environmental laws ________ by the local government to protect wild forests next month. A．make B．will make C．will be made D．are made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一套新的环境法律将于下个月被当地政府制定，以保护野生森林。 根据时间状语“next month”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，排除A、D选项；根据“by the local government”可知，主语“laws”与动词“make”之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”。应填will be made。 23．The piles of waste paper ________ to the special recycling centre together with cardboard tomorrow morning. A．will send B．will be sent C．are send D．were sent 【答案】B 【详解】句意：明天早上，这些废纸堆将和纸板一起被送往专门的回收中心。 will send将发送（主动语态）；will be sent将被发送（一般将来时被动语态）；are send存在语法错误；were sent被发送（一般过去时被动语态）。主语“The piles of waste paper”与“send”之间是被动关系，需使用被动语态；时间状语“tomorrow morning”表示将来，因此应使用一般将来时的被动语态will be sent，符合句子的语法和语境要求。 24．I promise that this matter ________ next week. A．will be taken care B．will take care of C．will take good care D．will be taken care of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我承诺这件事下周将被处理。 根据next week可知用一般将来时；主语this matter与动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，需用will be done结构，且短语中的介词of不能省略，应用will be taken care of。 25．We’re sure that the environment in our city ________ greatly through our efforts in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们确信，通过我们的努力，我们城市的环境在不久的将来会得到极大改善。   根据“in the near future”可知，句子描述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时；又因为“the environment”与“improve”之间是被动关系（环境是被改善的），所以需用一般将来时的被动语态，即will be improved。 26．—He refused to pay off the debt (债务). —What a shame! He _________ according to the new credit system (信用体系). A．punish B．punished C．will punish D．will be punished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他拒绝偿还债务。——真遗憾！根据新的信用体系，他将受到惩罚。 punish一般现在时主动语态；punished一般过去时；will punish一般将来时；will be punished一般将来时被动语态。主语He与动词punish之间是被动关系，惩罚是将要发生的动作，应用一般将来时被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”。应填will be punished。 27．A minute, please. Your salad ________ soon. A．will serve B．will be served C．serve D．are served 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请稍等一分钟。您的沙拉很快就会被端上来。 句中“Your salad”是动作“serve”的承受者，两者是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是“be+过去分词”。根据句中的“soon”可知，句子时态是一般将来时，一般将来时的被动语态结构是“will be+过去分词”，serve的过去分词是served，应填will be served。 28．We have already discussed the project for two hours. And after a short break, the discussion ________. A．will carry on B．was carried on C．has carried on D．will be carried on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们已经就这个项目讨论了两个小时。稍作休息后，讨论将继续进行。 根据“And after a short break”可知，动作发生在将来，需用一般将来时；主语“the discussion”与动词短语“carry on”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+过去分词”。 29．It’s reported that the new Jinggangshan Bridge ________ by the end of November 2027. A．will complete B．completed C．will be completed D．is completed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据报道，新的井冈山大桥将于2027年11月底建成。 根据时间状语“by the end of November 2027”可知，句子时态为一般将来时；主语“the new Jinggangshan Bridge”与谓语动词“complete”之间是被动关系，即大桥被建成。一般将来时的被动语态结构为“will be+动词过去分词”。应选will be completed。 30．Everyone ________ back by our hard work in the future, so don’t worry. A．will pay B．paid C．is paid D．will be paid 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每个人在未来都会通过我们的努力得到回报，所以别担心。 根据时间状语“in the future”可知句子时态为一般将来时；根据介词“by”可知主语Everyone是动作的承受者，需用被动语态。一般将来时被动语态的结构为“will be + 过去分词”。故填will be paid。 31．—What do you think of the film? —It’s wonderful. But I ________ it twice. A．saw B．have seen C．will see D．see 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——很棒。但我已经看过两次了。   根据“twice”（两次）可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响（已经看过，所以才能评价），应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语为I，故用have seen。 32．—Have you finished reading the book about space ________? —Yes, I have. I have ________ finished it this morning. A．just; just B．yet; just C．just; yet D．yet; yet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你读完那本关于太空的书了吗？——是的，我读完了。我今天早上刚读完。 just刚刚；yet还，已经。第一空位于疑问句句末，表示“已经”，应用yet；第二空位于肯定句have和过去分词之间，表示“刚刚”，应用just。应填入yet；just。 33．Humans ________ on the moon six times successfully in total. A．land B．landed C．have landed D．will land 【答案】C 【详解】句意：人类总共成功登陆月球六次。 这里表示“到目前为止已完成的次数”，应用现在完成时have landed。 34．—He said he ________ Kate for 2 years. —Really? Kate has never told us anything about her marriage. A．had been married to B．has got married with C．has married to D．had been married with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——他说他和凯特结婚两年了。——真的吗？凯特从未告诉我们任何关于她婚姻的事。 be married to sb.表示“与某人结婚”，是固定短语，介词用to，排除B、D；结合“for 2 years”可知，和一段时间连用，谓语动词应是延续性动词，be married是延续性状态，marry是瞬间动词；主句He said是一般过去时，从句动作发生在“说”之前，需用过去完成时。故选用had been married to。 35．I ________ Little Women already. It’s fantastic. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．will read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我已经读过《小妇人》了。它太棒了。 根据空后的“already”以及后句“It’s fantastic.”可知，此处强调看书这一动作已经完成，并对现在产生了影响（现在觉得这本书很棒），符合现在完成时的用法。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为第一人称单数“I”，助动词用have，动词read的过去分词形式仍为read。 36．The train ________ for ten minutes, but Tom hasn’t arrived yet. He might miss it. A．has left B．left C．has been away D．has been left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：火车已经开走十分钟了，但汤姆还没到。他可能会错过这趟车。    根据“for ten minutes”可知，该动作持续了一段时间，需要用现在完成时且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。leave是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，排除A、B；“has been left”为被动语态，不符合句意，排除D。因此选C，“has been away”是延续性表达，可与时间段搭配。 37．So far, our class ________ more than 500 used books for charity. A．collects B．collected C．has collected D．will collect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们班已经为慈善机构收集了500多本旧书。 根据时间状语“So far”可知，意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志词，表示动作发生在过去但对现在造成影响。 38．— Would you like to go to Jiangxi Art Museum with us tomorrow? — I’d love to, though I ________ it many times. A．visit B．was visited C．will visit D．have visited 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你明天想和我们一起去江西艺术博物馆吗？——我很想去，尽管我已经去过很多次了。   visit参观（动词原形，一般现在时）；was visited被参观（一般过去时被动语态）；will visit将参观（一般将来时）；have visited已经参观（现在完成时）。根据“many times”（很多次）以及“though”引导的让步状语可知，强调“已经去过多次”的经历，应用现在完成时。故选用have visited。 39．He left Nanjing last week and he ________ away for five days. A．is B．was C．has been D．has left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他上周离开了南京，现在已经离开五天了。 is是一般现在时；was是一般过去时；has been是现在完成时，表示持续的状态；has left是现在完成时，但leave是瞬间动词，不能与“for five days”这样的时间段连用。根据“for five days”表示一段时间，需用可持续的动词或状态，应填has been，表示“离开(并持续该状态)”。 40．Madam Roberts ________ willing to give away her pocket money to charity since 2023. A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：罗伯特夫人自2023年以来一直愿意把零花钱捐给慈善机构。 根据时间状语“since 2023”可知，状态从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时“have/has + 过去分词”。其次，句子主语 Madam Robert 是第三人称单数，所以助动词用单数第三人称has，乐意做某事表达为“be willing to do something”，根据现在完成时结构，be动词应使用过去分词形式，因此答案为has been。 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 41．The back door is ________ (lock). No one can get out through it. 【答案】locked 【详解】句意：后门被锁上了，没有人能从那里出去。句中“is”后接过去分词形式，表示被动语态或状态，“lock”，锁上，动词，其过去分词形式为“locked”。 42．Elephants are ________ (use) for carrying heavy things in some countries. 【答案】used 【详解】句意：在一些国家，大象被用来搬运重物。句子主语“Elephants”（大象）是动作的承受者，不能主动发出“使用”这个动作，要用被动语态be + 过去分词； use的过去分词为used，空前已有be动词are，所以填used。 43．As China grows stronger, Chinese ________ (teach) in more and more schools abroad. 【答案】is taught 【详解】句意：随着中国变得越来越强大，汉语在国外越来越多的学校里被教授。 句中主语Chinese和动词teach之间是被动关系，表示“被教授”，需用被动语态；结合语境可知，句子描述的是当前持续存在的客观事实，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。主语Chinese为单数，因此be动词用is，teach变为过去分词taught，即is taught。 44．Too much plastic ________ (produce) every day. It’s bad for the Earth. 【答案】is produced 【详解】句意：每天都会产生大量塑料，这对地球有害。句中every day提示动作经常发生，应用一般现在时。主语Too much plastic与produce之间为被动关系，即“塑料被生产”，故用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“is+过去分词”，produce的过去分词为produced。 45．The teacher is ________ (inspire) by the explorer’s lifelong love for nature. 【答案】inspired 【详解】句意：老师被这位探险家对自然的毕生热爱所鼓舞。句子主语The teacher（老师）和提示词inspire（鼓舞、激励）是被动关系，by引出了动作的执行者，符合被动语态结构：be动词+过去分词，inspire的过去分词是inspired。 46．The books ________ (keep) for two weeks. 【答案】are kept 【详解】句意：这些书被保留了两周。keep意为“保留”，是动词。主语The books与keep之间为被动关系，表示“被保留”。根据句意，描述一般规定，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数，助动词用are，keep的过去分词为kept。故填are kept。 47．All the homework ________ (finish) on time every day. 【答案】is finished 【详解】句意：所有的作业每天都被按时完成。句中“every day”为一般现在时的时间状语，提示动作经常发生，应用一般现在时。主语“All the homework”与动词“finish”之间为被动关系，表示“作业被完成”，因此需用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are＋过去分词”。homework是不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is finished。 48．Children ________ (not allow) to play near the river. 【答案】are not allowed 【详解】句意：孩子们不被允许在河边玩耍。主语“Children”与动词“allow”之间为被动关系，因此需用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are＋过去分词”。主语“Children”为复数，be动词用“are”，否定形式在“are”后加“not”。故填are not allowed。 49．The rest of the money ________ (steal) just now. 【答案】 was stolen 【详解】句意：剩下的钱刚才被偷了。句中主语The rest of the money与动词steal是被动关系，且时间状语just now表示过去的时间，因此需用一般过去时的被动语态was stolen，money为不可数名词，be动词用was，故填was stolen。 50．After the snowstorm, the village ________ (cover) with a blanket of white snow. 【答案】was covered 【详解】句意：暴风雪过后，村庄被一层白色的雪覆盖着。根据“After the snowstorm”可知事情已经发生，应用一般过去时；主语village与动词cover之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，be动词也要用第三人称单数was。 51．The children were ________ (frighten) by the giant. 【答案】 frightened 【详解】句意：孩子们被巨人吓坏了。由“were...by the giant”可知，本句是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”。动词frighten的过去分词是frightened。 52．Many houses ________ (destroy) by the big fire last year. 【答案】were destroyed 【详解】句意：去年许多房屋被大火烧毁。根据时间状语“last year”提示，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语Many houses与destroy之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语为复数，助动词用were，destroy的过去分词是destroyed。 53．The next morning, the tree ________ (carry) out of the room and thrown into the attic. 【答案】was carried 【详解】句意：第二天早上，这棵树被搬出房间并扔进了阁楼。括号内给出的单词为carry，是动词，意为“搬运”；主语the tree与carry之间是被动关系，需用被动语态；时间状语The next morning表示一般过去时，一般过去时被动语态结构为was/were + 过去分词，主语the tree为单数，be动词用was，carry的过去分词为carried，符合语法结构与语境要求。 54．The river ________ (clean) by volunteers next weekend. 【答案】will be cleaned 【详解】句意：下周末这条河将被志愿者清理。clean意为“清理”，是动词。主语The river与clean之间为被动关系，表示“被清理”。根据时间状语“next weekend”可知，动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为“will be done”。clean的过去分词是cleaned。 55．Single-use plastic bags ________ (ban) in many countries soon. 【答案】will be banned 【详解】句意：不久之后，许多国家将禁止使用一次性塑料袋。soon是一般将来时的标志，因此时态确定为一般将来时。主语Single-use plastic bags和动词ban是被动关系，需要用被动语态。一般将来时被动语态的结构为“will be+动词过去分词”，ban的过去分词是banned，因此填will be banned。 56．The winners ________ (announce) this afternoon. 【答案】will be announced 【详解】句意：获奖者将在今天下午被宣布。此处需一个动词短语，在句中作谓语。根据时间状语“this afternoon”可知，动作发生在将来，需用将来时；主语“The winners”是动作“宣布”的承受者，需用被动语态。故结合将来时与被动语态，构成“will be + 过去分词”结构，announce的过去分词为announced。 57．My father ________ (collect) more than 100 classic books since 2018. 【答案】has collected 【详解】句意：自2018年以来，我父亲已经收集了100多本经典书籍。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语。根据句末的时间状语“since 2018”可知，本句动作从过去某一时间点开始并持续发生到现在，应用现在完成时。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“My father”为第三人称单数，助动词应用has，collect的过去分词为collected。 58．The shop ________ (close) for two hours. 【答案】 has been closed 【详解】句意：这家商店已经关门两个小时了。close“关闭”，句中“for two hours”表示一段持续的时间，需要用现在完成时。主语“The shop”是被关闭的，应用被动语态，同时close是瞬间动词，不能直接与时间段连用，需转换为表示状态的形容词closed，构成“has been closed”结构，意为“已经关着的”。 59．Over the past year, millions of people ________ (share) pictures online under the theme “Color Walk”. 【答案】have shared 【详解】句意：在过去的一年里，数百万人在“彩色漫步”主题下在网上分享了照片。根据时间状语“Over the past year”提示，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时have/has+过去分词。主语millions of people为复数，助动词用have，share的过去分词是shared。 60．Alice ________ (be) a doctor in United Nations Peacekeeping since 2020. 【答案】 has been 【详解】句意：爱丽丝自2020年以来一直是联合国维和部队的一名医生。根据时间状语“since 2020”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语Alice为第三人称单数，故填has been。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 期末语法复习 被动语态和现在完成时 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 被动语态是由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。 be 动词本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。 用法 1. 强调动作的承受者时 Mr. Green is respected by all of us. 2. 不必指出或不知动作的执行者时 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 3. 动作的执行者是无生命的事物时 I was deeply impressed by the Great Wall. 结构（以动词 do 为例，过去分词为 done） 一般现在时的被动语态 am/ is/ are + done Chinese is spoken by many people. 一般过去时的被动语态 was/ were + done The cup was broken by the boy, 一般将来时的被动语态 will be done A new library will be built next year. am/ is/ are going to be + done 现在进行时的被动语态 am/ is/ are + being + done The problem is being discussed now. 现在完成时 用法 ①表示过去的行为对现在产生的影响 ②表示过去的某一动作/状态一直持续到现在 结构 主语 + have/ has + 过去分词 + 其它 （主语是第三人称单数时用 has） 时间标志词 ①already （肯定句） ②yet （疑问句/否定句） ③so far ④since + 时间点 ⑤for + 时间段 ⑥recently 一、单项选择(本大题共40小题，每小题1.5分，共60分) 1．Extraordinary spacesuits ________ to protect astronauts from dangerous space environments. A．use B．are used C．used D．were used 2．Jack, Mr Green will get angry if your homework _________ on time. A．isn’t handed in B．won’t hand in C．isn’t handed out D．won’t hand out 3．All the children in the kindergarten ________ good care of by the teachers all the time. A．take B．are taken C．were taken D．will take 4．Old newspapers and magazines ________ in this recycling center every week. A．collect B．collected C．are collected D．were collected 5．Some rare sea turtles ________ by fishermen in this coastal area every year. A．are protected B．protect C．protected D．were protected 6．The storybook about charity heroes ________ well, so more copies ________ recently. A．sells; are printed B．is sold; print C．sells; print D．is sold; are printed 7．In the competition, boys and girls ________ two groups. A．separate into B．are separated into C．separate from D．are separated from 8．We ________ to clean the blackboard before the teacher comes in. A．asked B．are asking C．ask D．are asked 9．This small device is ________ by solar power. A．power B．powered C．powering D．powers 10．—Do you enjoy the steamed fish? —Yes. But if a little pepper ________ to it, it will taste more delicious. A．adds B．will be added C．added D．is added 11．His remarks ________ at us all. That’s to say, he aimed his words ________ us all. A．aimed; to B．aims; on C．were aiming; for D．were aimed; at 12．All the mistakes in your homework ________ by your teacher just now. Please correct them at once. A．point out B．are pointed out C．were pointed out D．will be pointed out 13．A new environmental protection law ________ in our country last year. A．passes B．passed C．is passed D．was passed 14．To say goodbye to our middle school life, a grand graduation ceremony ________ in the school hall last Friday. A．holds B．is held C．held D．was held 15．The book The Old Man and the Sea ________ by Ernest Hemingway. It’s a classic. A．writes B．wrote C．is written D．was written 16．The old temple __________ by the local government last year to protect cultural heritage. A．repairs B．repaired C．is repaired D．was repaired 17．The old temple ________ hundreds of years ago. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 18．Because of the heavy storm, visitors in Qingdao ________ to stay away from the beach yesterday. A．warned B．are warned C．were warned D．have warned 19．The 24 solar terms ________ by our ancestors to guide farming and daily life. A．created B．creates C．was created D．were created 20．The little boy was ________ by the big dog and started to cry. A．frighten B．frightening C．frightened D．frightens 21．More trees ________ in our city next spring. A．will plant B．are planted C．will be planted D．plant 22．A set of new environmental laws ________ by the local government to protect wild forests next month. A．make B．will make C．will be made D．are made 23．The piles of waste paper ________ to the special recycling centre together with cardboard tomorrow morning. A．will send B．will be sent C．are send D．were sent 24．I promise that this matter ________ next week. A．will be taken care B．will take care of C．will take good care D．will be taken care of 25．We’re sure that the environment in our city ________ greatly through our efforts in the near future. A．improved B．was improved C．has improved D．will be improved 26．—He refused to pay off the debt (债务). —What a shame! He _________ according to the new credit system (信用体系). A．punish B．punished C．will punish D．will be punished 27．A minute, please. Your salad ________ soon. A．will serve B．will be served C．serve D．are served 28．We have already discussed the project for two hours. And after a short break, the discussion ________. A．will carry on B．was carried on C．has carried on D．will be carried on 29．It’s reported that the new Jinggangshan Bridge ________ by the end of November 2027. A．will complete B．completed C．will be completed D．is completed 30．Everyone ________ back by our hard work in the future, so don’t worry. A．will pay B．paid C．is paid D．will be paid 31．—What do you think of the film? —It’s wonderful. But I ________ it twice. A．saw B．have seen C．will see D．see 32．—Have you finished reading the book about space ________? —Yes, I have. I have ________ finished it this morning. A．just; just B．yet; just C．just; yet D．yet; yet 33．Humans ________ on the moon six times successfully in total. A．land B．landed C．have landed D．will land 34．—He said he ________ Kate for 2 years. —Really? Kate has never told us anything about her marriage. A．had been married to B．has got married with C．has married to D．had been married with 35．I ________ Little Women already. It’s fantastic. A．read B．have read C．am reading D．will read 36．The train ________ for ten minutes, but Tom hasn’t arrived yet. He might miss it. A．has left B．left C．has been away D．has been left 37．So far, our class ________ more than 500 used books for charity. A．collects B．collected C．has collected D．will collect 38．— Would you like to go to Jiangxi Art Museum with us tomorrow? — I’d love to, though I ________ it many times. A．visit B．was visited C．will visit D．have visited 39．He left Nanjing last week and he ________ away for five days. A．is B．was C．has been D．has left 40．Madam Roberts ________ willing to give away her pocket money to charity since 2023. A．is B．was C．has been D．will be 二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 41．The back door is ________ (lock). No one can get out through it. 42．Elephants are ________ (use) for carrying heavy things in some countries. 43．As China grows stronger, Chinese ________ (teach) in more and more schools abroad. 44．Too much plastic ________ (produce) every day. It’s bad for the Earth. 45．The teacher is ________ (inspire) by the explorer’s lifelong love for nature. 46．The books ________ (keep) for two weeks. 47．All the homework ________ (finish) on time every day. 48．Children ________ (not allow) to play near the river. 49．The rest of the money ________ (steal) just now. 50．After the snowstorm, the village ________ (cover) with a blanket of white snow. 51．The children were ________ (frighten) by the giant. 52．Many houses ________ (destroy) by the big fire last year. 53．The next morning, the tree ________ (carry) out of the room and thrown into the attic. 54．The river ________ (clean) by volunteers next weekend. 55．Single-use plastic bags ________ (ban) in many countries soon. 56．The winners ________ (announce) this afternoon. 57．My father ________ (collect) more than 100 classic books since 2018. 58．The shop ________ (close) for two hours. 59．Over the past year, millions of people ________ (share) pictures online under the theme “Color Walk”. 60．Alice ________ (be) a doctor in United Nations Peacekeeping since 2020. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $