第02讲 Unit 2 Communication（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材冀教版

第02讲 Unit 2 Communication （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语言能力：掌握沟通类词汇、短语及重点句型、定语从句，熟练完成听、说、读、写训练。 学习能力：养成归纳积累习惯，主动参与口语互动，提升自主学习与语言运用能力。 文化意识：认识有效沟通的意义，学会尊重他人，树立文明交往观念。 思维品质：梳理语篇逻辑，辩证分析人际矛盾，总结沟通方法并灵活运用。 学习重点 词汇短语：掌握沟通、交往类词汇及固定搭配。 语法句型：掌握have difficulty (in) doing结构、定语从句，熟练运用交际句型。 语言技能：读懂主题文本，能交流观点、完成相关写作 学习难点 知识：辨析词性、易混短语，区分定语从句与其他从句。 理解：深挖文本内涵，领会沟通策略。 运用：交际表达语气不当，写作句式单一，知识迁移能力不足。 1. If we can’t communicate well, we likely have difficulty getting along with our friends or partners.如果我们不能很好地沟通，就很可能难以和朋友或伙伴相处。 【详解】have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 省略形式：have difficulty doing sth.（介词 in 可省略） 含义：做某事有困难 / 费劲 例句：She has difficulty (in) communicating with her parents. 她和父母沟通有困难。 同义替换 结构 用法说明 have trouble (in) doing sth. difficulty 与 trouble 可互换，含义相同 have problems (in) doing sth. problems 常用复数，语气更口语化 have a hard time (in) doing sth. 强调 “过程艰难、不顺利” 拓展 否定形式：表示 “做某事没有困难”：have no difficulty (in) doing sth. 例句：He had no difficulty (in) passing the exam. 他毫不费力地通过了考试。 have difficulty with sth.在某事上 / 某方面有困难，后接名词 / 代词，不接动名词。 例句：She has difficulty with her English grammar. 她在英语语法上有困难。 【典例】Many students have difficulty ______ spoken English in class. A. Practice B. practicing C. to practice D. practiced 【答案】：B 【翻译】：许多学生在课堂上练习英语口语有困难。 【详解】：考查 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 结构，介词 in 可省略，后接动名词，故选 B。 【即练1】The little boy has no difficulty ______ the problem by himself. A. Solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved 【答案】：B 【翻译】：这个小男孩毫不费力地自己解决了这个问题。 【详解】：have no difficulty (in) doing sth. 表示 “做某事没有困难”，后接动名词，故选 B。 【即练2】She has difficulty ______ her new math teacher. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 【答案】：B 【翻译】：她理解她的新数学老师有困难。 【详解】：have difficulty (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，介词后接动名词，故选 B。 2.First, let me ask you a question: How do you get along with others in school or at home?首先，我问大家一个问题：在学校或家里，你是如何与他人相处的？ 【详解】get along (well) with sb.，表示 “与某人（友好）相处”。 常见搭配与拓展 搭配 含义 例句 get along (well) with sb. 与某人相处融洽 She gets along well with her classmates. 她和同学们相处得很好。 get along badly with sb. 与某人相处不好 He gets along badly with his stepfather. 他和继父相处得不好。 get along with sth. 某事进展如何 How is your project getting along? 你的项目进展如何？ get along without sb./sth. 没有…… 也能应付 / 过得去 We can’t get along without water. 没有水我们无法生存。 同义替换 get on (well) with sb.（英式英语更常用，含义完全相同） keep on good terms with sb.（更正式，意为 “与某人保持良好关系”） 【典例】— How do you ______ your new deskmate? — We often help each other and get on well. A. get along with B. get ready for C. get out of D. get back to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：—— 你和新同桌相处得怎么样？—— 我们经常互相帮助，相处得很好。 get along with 表示 “与某人相处”，符合语境；其他选项含义不符：get ready for（为…… 做准备）、get out of（从…… 出来 / 摆脱）、get back to（回到），故选 A。 【即练1】The project ______ smoothly, so we will finish it ahead of time. A.gets along with B. gets along C. gets on with D. gets ready 【答案】B 【详解】句意：项目进展顺利，所以我们会提前完成。 此处主语是 the project（事物），表示 “进展” 用 get along（不接宾语）；get along with 后需接人 / 事物，不符合句子结构，故选 B。 【即练2】It’s hard to ______ him because he is very stubborn. A. get along with B. get rid of C. get up D. get to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：和他相处很难，因为他很固执。 get along with sb. 表示 “与某人相处”，符合语境；其他选项含义不符：get rid of（摆脱）、get up（起床）、get to（到达），故选 A。 3. And people who know how to communicate well with others are happier and more satisfied with their lives.而且懂得如何与他人良好沟通的人，生活中会更快乐、更有满足感。 【详解】定语从句 定义：在复合句中，修饰名词 / 代词的从句叫定语从句，相当于形容词的作用，翻译为 “…… 的”。 核心术语： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词（通常在从句前面）。 关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中充当一定成分。 基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 关系代词 可指代的先行词 在从句中可充当的成分 典型例句（贴合课文） 易错提醒 who 人 主语、宾语 1. And people who know how to communicate well with others are happier.（课文原句，who 作主语）2. The girl who we met yesterday is my new classmate.（who 作宾语，可省略） 1. 先行词必须是人，不能指代事物2. 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可省略 whom 人 宾语（只能作宾语） The boy whom you helped just now is my brother. 1. 只能指代人，且只能在从句中作宾语2. 可与 who 互换，口语中常用 who 代替 whom3. 介词提前时，只能用 whom，不能用 who：The girl to whom you talked is my sister. which 事物 / 动物 主语、宾语 1. She became ill with a terrible disease which damaged her body.（课文原句，which 作主语）2. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（which 作宾语，可省略） 1. 只能指代事物 / 动物，不能指代人2. 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可省略 that 人 / 事物 / 动物 主语、宾语 1. She has a special telephone that is hers alone.（课文原句，that 作主语，指代事物）2. The boy that helped me is my friend.（that 作主语，指代人）3. The letter that I received was from my mother.（that 作宾语，可省略） 1. 既可指代人，也可指代事物，是九年级最常用的关系代词2. 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可省略3. 有特殊使用规则（见下文特殊规则表） whose 人 / 事物 定语（表所属关系，“…… 的”） 1. The girl whose mother is a teacher is my deskmate.2. This is the house whose window is broken. 1. 表所属关系，相当于 “形容词性物主代词”，后面必须接名词2. 既可指代人，也可指代事物 只能用 that，不能用 which 的情况 适用场景 例句 先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等） Everything that he said is true. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰 He is the only person that can help you. 先行词既有人又有物 We talked about the people and the things that we saw in the village. 不能用 that 的情况 适用场景 正确用法 错误用法 非限制性定语从句（先行词和从句之间有逗号隔开） She has a new bike, which was bought by her father. She has a new bike, that was bought by her father. 关系代词前有介词 This is the house in which we lived last year. This is the house in that we lived last year. 【典例】The student ______ is good at communicating with others is our group leader. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 【答案】B 【详解】句意：擅长与人沟通的那个学生是我们的组长。先行词 the student 指人，关系词在从句中作主语；who 指代人且可作主语，which 只能指代事物，whose 表 “…… 的”，whom 只能作宾语，故选 B。 【即练1】This is the activity ______ we planned for the school art festival. A. what B. who C. which D. where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这就是我们为校园艺术节策划的活动。 先行词 the activity 是事物，关系词在从句中作 planned 的宾语；which 指代事物，what 不能引导定语从句，who 指代人，where 作地点状语，故选 C。 【即练2】All the ideas ______ we shared at the meeting were very useful. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们在会议上分享的所有想法都十分有用。先行词被不定代词 all 修饰，根据规则只能用 that 引导定语从句，不能用 which，故选 A。 4. During a bake sale, for example, we were divided into three groups.在一次烘焙义卖活动中，我们被分成了三个小组。 【详解】divide v. 划分；分配 被动结构 be divided into 主动结构：divide A into B 把 A 分成 B 几部分 例：We divide the class into four teams. 我们把班级分成四组。 被动结构：be divided into 被分成……（短文考点，常考时态变形） 拓展搭配 divide sth. between/among sb. 把某物分给某人 例：She divided the candies among her friends. 翻译：她把糖果分给朋友们。 divide…from… 把…… 与…… 隔开（侧重分隔开两类事物） 例：A wall divides the garden from the road. 翻译：一堵墙把花园和马路隔开。 divide up 分配，均分 例：They divided up the work together. 翻译：他们一起分配了工作。 易混辨析：divide VS separate divide into：把一个整体拆分成多个部分 The cake is divided into six pieces. 蛋糕被切成六块。 separate from：把原本分开 / 相连的事物隔开、分离 We separate the good apples from bad ones. 我们把好坏苹果分开。 【典例】The students ______ four groups to organize the art festival last month. A. divided into B. were divided into C. divided in D. were divided in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上个月学生们被分成四个小组筹备艺术节。last month 为过去时；学生是 “被划分”，用被动 were divided；固定搭配介词只能用 into。 【即练1】My mother ______ the big apple ______ two halves and gave one to me. A. divided; into B. separated; into C. divided; from D. separated; from 【答案】A 【详解】句意：妈妈把大苹果分成两半，给了我一半。 苹果是一个整体拆分，用 divide…into…；separate from 用于隔开两类不同物品。 【即练2】We should ______ the work ______ everyone in our group. A. divide; into B. divide; among C. separate; into D. separate; among 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该把工作分配给小组里每一个人。divide sth. among sb. 表示把事物分给多人；into 后接份数，不接人。 5.During student council meetings, we work together, but it's not always easy to reach an agreement that satisfies everyone.在学生会会议上，我们一起合作，但要达成让所有人都满意的共识并不总是容易的。 【详解】固定搭配 reach an agreement (with sb.)（与某人）达成一致 词性拓展：agreement n. 一致；agree v. 同意 固定搭配 中文释义 例句 易错提示 agree with sb. 同意某人（观点 / 看法） I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 后接人 / 观点类名词，不能接动作 agree to do sth. 同意去做某事 He agreed to help me. 他同意帮我。 to 是不定式符号，后加动词原形，不能 doing agree to sth. 同意（计划、提议、方案） She agreed to the plan. 她同意这个方案。 后接名词：plan/idea/suggestion agree on sth. （多人）就某事达成共识 We agreed on the activity time. 我们就活动时间达成一致。 主语通常为多个人 搭配 释义 例句 reach / come to an agreement 达成共识 We reached an agreement at the meeting. in agreement (with sb.) 赞同某人 I am in agreement with my group members. 【典例】My deskmate agreed ______ me that communication is important for teamwork. A. with B. to C. on D. for 【答案】：A 【翻译】：我的同桌和我看法一致，沟通对于团队合作很重要。 【详解】固定搭配 agree with sb. 表示 “同意某人”，空后为人称代词 me，故选 A。agree to 后接计划 / 动作；agree on 后接共同商定的事。 【即练1】All the students agreed ______ organize a charity bake sale after class. A. with B. to C. doing D. to doing 【答案】：B 【翻译】：所有学生都同意课后组织一场慈善烘焙义卖。 【详解】agree to do sth. 是固定结构，意为 “同意做某事”，to 后必须加动词原形，故选 B。 【即练2】After talking for an hour, our student council finally reached an ______ about the art festival. A. Agree B. agrees C. agreement D. agreeable 【答案】：C 【翻译】：讨论一小时后，学生会终于就艺术节达成了共识。 【详解】：不定冠词 an 后需要名词；agree 是动词，agreement 为名词 “共识、协议”，reach an agreement 达成一致，故选 C。 6.The student council works hard to make school more fun, more united, and more welcoming.学生会努力让校园变得更有趣、更团结、更包容。 【详解】make 基础变形 动词原形：make 三单：makes；过去式 / 过去分词：made；现在分词：making 句型结构 含义 例句 中考易错点 make sb. /sth. + 形容词 使某人 / 某物变得…… The activity makes our school warm. 这场活动让校园变得温暖。 形容词作宾语补足语，常用比较级 make...better/more fun make sb. /sth. + 名词 使某人 / 某物成为…… We cooperate to make our school a better place. 我们协作让学校成为更好的地方。 名词表身份、称号，不加冠词特例极少 make sb. do sth. 让 / 使某人做某事（主动） Good communication makes us understand each other. 良好沟通让我们互相理解。 后面接动词原形，不能加 to be made to do sth. 被迫 / 被要求做某事（被动） He was made to finish the report alone. 他被迫独自完成报告。 被动语态必须还原不定式 to make sth. for sb. = make sb. sth. 为某人制作某物 She made us delicious cakes for the bake sale. 她为义卖给我们做了美味蛋糕。 双宾语结构，sth. 为物品 固定短语表 短语 释义 例句 make sure 确保；保证 We made sure everyone’s ideas were respected. 我们确保每个人的想法都被尊重。 make a decision 做决定 We made a decision to hold an art festival. make money 赚钱 We raised money to make money for charity. make progress 取得进步 Talking more makes you make progress in communication. 【典例】Good teamwork ______ our school ______ more united. A. make; become B. makes; / C. makes; to be D. make; being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：良好的团队协作让我们的校园更加团结。主语 teamwork 为不可数名词，谓语用三单 makes；make + 宾语 + 形容词 直接用形容词作宾补，不需要加 become/to be，故选 B。 【即练1】 The teacher made all group members ______ their ideas in the meeting. A. share B. to share C. sharing D. shared 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师让所有组员在会议上分享自己的想法。主动结构 make sb. do sth.，make 后接不带 to 的动词原形，故选 A。 【即练2】The students were made ______ their part for the school bake sale. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们被要求为校园烘焙义卖尽自己的一份力。本句为被动语态 be made to do sth.，被动结构中不定式 to 必须还原，故选 B。 7.Everyone had different opinions on how to make it successful.每个人对于如何办好这场活动都持有不同看法。 【详解】have different opinions on sth. 在某件事上持有不同观点 / 看法 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/n. 观点、看法；可数名词，different 后必须用复数 opinions 介词固定搭配：on，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表 “关于…… 的观点” 课文原句：Everyone had different opinions on how to make it successful. 翻译：每个人对于如何办好这场活动都有不同看法。 同义拓展 同义表达 用法区别 例句 have different ideas about sth. 口语化，最常用 We have different ideas about teamwork. hold different views on sth. 书面高级表达（作文推荐） They hold different views on school activities. disagree on sth. 动词短语，侧重 “意见不合” We disagree on the plan of art festival. 配套搭配 ①in one’s opinion 在某人看来（写作万能开头） 例：In my opinion, good communication is mportant. ②agree with one’s opinion 赞同某人的观点 例：I agree with your opinion on this activity. ③reach an agreement 达成共识（课文同单元短语） 【典例】All students have different opinions ______ the time of the bake sale. A. in B. on C. for D. to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：所有学生对于烘焙义卖的时间持有不同看法。固定搭配 have different opinions on sth.，介词只能用 on，故选 B。 【即练1】We hold different ______ on how to organize the school art festival. A. opinion B. opinions C. idea D. view 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们对于如何举办校园艺术节持有不同观点。 different（不同的）后接可数名词复数，只有 opinions 为复数形式，其余均为单数，故选 B。 【即练2】In my ______, people will have different opinions ______ teamwork. A. opinion; on B. opinions; in C. opinion; in D. opinions; on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在我看来，人们对于团队合作会有不同看法。 固定短语 in my opinion（在我看来，opinion 用单数）；第二空搭配 on，故选 A。 8.Have you ever found it hard to communicate well with others?你是否曾经发现和别人顺畅沟通很难？ 【详解】it：形式宾语，无实际含义，只占位，不能换成 that/this； 形容词：描述做这件事的感受（hard/easy/difficult/important 等）； to do sth.：真正的宾语，句子核心动作。 拓展 同义动词替换（同结构） think /feel/consider /believe 都能套用 it + adj. + to do I think it easy to keep your promises. 我认为信守承诺很简单。 She feels it comfortable to talk with honest people. ①加 for sb. 点明对象 find it + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 发现对某人来说做某事…… 例：I find it hard for shy students to make eye contact. ②否定形式 find it + not + adj. + to do I find it not easy to remember others’ names. 【典例】I find ______ important ______ be a good listener in communication. A. it; to B. that; to C. it; / D. that; / 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我发现在沟通中做一名好的倾听者很重要。固定结构 find it + adj. + to do，it 作形式宾语，后面必须接不定式 to do，故选 A。 【即练1】She finds ______ boring ______ talk with people who always break promises. A. this; to B. it; to C. it; doing D. that; do 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她发现和总违背承诺的人聊天很无聊。只能用 it 充当形式宾语，真正宾语为 to do 不定式，排除 this/that/doing，选 B。 【即练2】 We find ______ necessary for us ______ smile when we meet new people. A. it; to B. its; to C. it’s; / D. that; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们发现遇见陌生人时微笑对我们来说很有必要。find 后接形式宾语 it，固定搭配 find it + adj. + for sb. to do，its 是物主代词、it’s 是主谓结构均不适用，选 A。 9.Make a great effort to do this when you first meet someone new.当你初次认识新朋友时，要尽力记住对方的名字。 【详解】make a great effort to do sth. 努力做某事 effort /ˈefət/n. 努力；尽力（可数名词） 核心搭配 make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 make a great effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 拓展 固定介词搭配：with effort 费力地；without effort 毫不费力 例：He finished the task without effort. 他毫不费力完成任务。 词性拓展：effortless adj. 毫不费力的 易错点 effort 表 “一次努力” 可数，不能直接说 make effort，必须加冠词 an/a；后面只能接不定式 to do，不可接 doing。 【典例】You should make a great effort ______ honest with your friends. A. be B. to be C. being D. to being 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应当尽力对你的朋友坦诚。固定搭配 make a great effort to do sth.，不定式 to 后加动词原形，故选 B。 【即练1】 We ______ to remember others’ names to make them feel comfortable. A. make an effort B. make effort C. makes an effort D. makes effort 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们努力记住别人的名字，让对方感到自在。主语 we 为复数，谓语用原形；effort 可数，需加 an，故选 A。 【即练2】They spare no effort ______ good communication with their group members. A. build B. building C. to build D. built 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们不遗余力地和组员建立良好沟通。spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事，固定用不定式，故选 C。 10.If you remember his or her name when you meet again, you can easily make that person feel comfortable.如果再次见面时你记得对方名字，会很容易让对方感到自在。 【详解】make sb. feel + adj. 使某人感到…… make 为使役动词，后接宾语（人）； feel 是感官系动词，此处用原形（make sb. do 结构，不带 to）； feel 后面必须加形容词，描述人的情绪、感受（happy, comfortable, relaxed, shy, honest 等）。 拓展变形 否定：make sb. not feel + adj. Smiling won’t make others feel nervous. 微笑不会让别人感到紧张。 被动结构：sb. be made to feel + adj.（被动要还原 to） He was made to feel welcome. 他被照顾得倍感亲切。 同义替换：make sb. + adj.（省略 feel） make me happy = make me feel happy 易错点 ❌ make sb. feel happily（feel 后用形容词，不用副词） ❌ make sb. to feel comfortable（make 后动词用原形，不加 to） ✅ make her feel relaxed 【典例】Remembering others’ names can make people ______ warm and comfortable. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：记住别人的名字能让人感到温暖又自在。固定搭配 make sb. do sth.，make 后接不带 to 的动词原形，所以填 feel，选 A。 【即练1】The friendly words made me ______ really relaxed. A. feel happily B. feel happy C. to feel happy D. feeling happily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：：这些友善的话语让我感到十分舒心。 make sb. 后用原形 feel；feel 是系动词，后面只能接形容词 happy，不能用副词 happily，故选 B。 【即练2】Kids ______ to feel welcome when we greet them warmly. A. made B. are made C. make D. are make 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我们热情问候孩子们时，他们会倍感亲切。 详解：主语 kids 和 make 是被动关系，被动结构 be made to do，主语复数，be 动词用 are，故选 B。 11.People will trust those who always keep their promises.人们会信任那些总是信守承诺的人. 【详解】promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ v. 承诺，答应变形：过去式 / 过去分词 promised n. 承诺，诺言 动词 promise promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 例：He promises to keep his word. 他承诺信守诺言。 promise sb. sth. = promise sth. to sb. 向某人承诺某事 例：She promised me a gift. = She promised a gift to me. promise (that) 从句 承诺……（that 可省略） 例：I promise I will arrive on time. 我保证我会准时到。 名词 promise keep one’s promise 信守承诺（课文短语） 原句：People will trust those who always keep their promises.人们会信任那些始终信守承诺的人。 break one’s promise 违背承诺 make a promise 许下承诺 易错点 promise 后接动作只能用 to do，不能 doing ❌ promise doing sth. ✅ promise to do sth. 名词搭配固定：keep/break/make a promise，不能直接说 keep promise 【典例】My friend promised ______ ahead of time if he cancels our plan. A. tell me B. to tell me C. telling me D. told me 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的朋友承诺，如果他取消我们的计划会提前告诉我。固定动词搭配 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事，to 后接动词原形，故选 B。 【即练1】If you want others to trust you, you must ______. A. keep your promise B. keep promise C. break your promise D. break promise 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你想让别人信任你，就必须信守承诺。固定短语 keep one’s promise 信守承诺；promise 是可数名词，前面必须加形容词性物主代词，break one’s promise 意为违背承诺，不符合语境，故选 A。 【即练2】Lily promised ______ she would be a good listener in communication. A. / B. to C. doing D. her 【答案】A 【详解】句意：莉莉保证她在交流中会做一个好的倾听者。 promise 后面可以直接接宾语从句，引导词 that 可以省略；to 后只能接动词原形，不能接句子，故选 A。 12.To her disappointment, a girl named Li Tian in her group is always absent from the group meetings.令她失望的是，她组里一个叫李甜的女生总是缺席小组会议。 【详解】①to one's + 名词（情绪类），表示 “令某人…… 的是”，在句中作状语。 例：To my surprise, he passed the exam. 令我惊讶的是，他通过了考试。 常见搭配： to one's joy 令某人高兴的是 to one's sadness 令某人难过的是 to one's regret 令某人遗憾的是 词性拓展： disappointment (n.) 失望 → disappointed (adj.) 感到失望的（修饰人） disappointing (adj.) 令人失望的（修饰事物） ②固定短语 be absent from 缺席…… 单词 词性 音标 含义 变形说明 absent adj. /ˈæbsənt/ 缺席的；不在场的 形容词 反义词：present（出席的） absence n. /ˈæbsəns/ 缺席；不在 名词 不可数 / 可数均可 absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的 复合形容词 拓展词汇，了解即可 形容词用法 be absent from + 地点 / 活动 含义：缺席……；不在…… He was absent from school yesterday because he had a cold. 翻译：他昨天因为感冒缺课了。 易错点：介词固定用 from，不能用 in/at/for。 名词用法（中考常考） in one's absence：在某人不在时 例：Don't touch my things in my absence. 我不在时别碰我的东西。 absence from：缺席…… 例：Her absence from the meeting surprised us all. 她缺席会议让我们都很惊讶。 【典例】My deskmate was ______ the English class this morning because he was ill. A. absent from B. absent in C. present at D. present in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的同桌今天早上因为生病缺席了英语课。be absent from 表示 “缺席”，符合语境；be present at 表示 “出席”，与句意不符；介词只能用 from，故选 A。 【即练1】We didn't notice her ______ until the teacher called her name. A. Absent B. absence C. present D. presence 【答案】B 【详解】句意：直到老师叫她的名字，我们才发现她不在。形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词，absence 是名词 “缺席”；absent 是形容词，不能直接跟在 her 后，故选 B。 【即练2】No one can enter the lab ______ the teacher's absence. A. at B. in C. on D. for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师不在的时候，任何人都不能进入实验室。固定搭配 in one's absence 表示 “在某人不在时”，介词只能用 in，故选 B。 13.Yi Han considers telling Ms Liu about these problems, but she doesn’t want to get Li Tian into trouble.伊涵考虑把这些问题告诉刘老师，但她不想让李甜陷入麻烦。 【详解】①consider doing sth. 表示 “考虑做某事”，consider 后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 to do。 例：We are considering changing our plan. 我们正在考虑改变计划。 结构 含义 例句 考点提示 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 Yi Han considers telling Ms Liu about these problems.（课文原句）伊涵考虑把这些问题告诉刘老师。 九年级高频考点，后接动名词，不能接不定式 to do consider sb./sth. (as) + n./adj. 把…… 看作 / 认为…… We consider him (as) a good leader.我们认为他是一位好的领导者。 as 可省略，后接名词或形容词 consider + that 从句 认为…… I consider that teamwork is very important.我认为团队合作非常重要。 that 可省略，从句用陈述语序 易错点 ❌ consider to do sth.（错误，中考常考干扰项） ✅ consider doing sth. 被动结构：be considered (as/to be) + n./adj. 例：He is considered (to be) one of the best students. 【典例】Yi Han is considering ______ to her group member Li Tian about the problem. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：伊涵正考虑和她的组员李甜谈谈这个问题。固定搭配 consider doing sth. 表示 “考虑做某事”，consider 后必须接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式，故选 C。 【即练1】We consider Li Tian ______ a shy student, but she is actually very kind. A. as B. to C. with D. for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们认为李甜是一个害羞的学生，但她其实很善良。固定搭配 consider sb. as + 名词 表示 “把某人看作……”，as 也可省略，其他介词不符合搭配，故选 A。 【即练2】The plan ______ to be a good way to solve the problem by all the group members. A. considers B. is considered C. considered D. is considering 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个计划被所有组员认为是解决问题的好方法。 主语 the plan 和 consider 是被动关系，用被动语态 be considered to be 表示 “被认为是……”，故选 B。 ②get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入麻烦 核心结构：get sb. into trouble 表示 “使某人陷入困境 / 惹上麻烦”。 例：Lying can get you into trouble. 说谎会让你惹上麻烦。 反义短语：get sb. out of trouble 帮助某人摆脱困境 拓展：be in trouble 处于困境中；make trouble 制造麻烦 14.When there is a problem, it is better to talk it out and find ways to solve it.当出现问题时，把问题说出来并找到解决办法会更好。 【详解】It is better to do sth. 释义：做某事会更好；最好做某事 it 是形式主语，无实义，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to do sth. 拓展 It is better to do A than to do B 做 A 事比做 B 事更好（两者对比，前后都用 to do） 例：It is better to communicate than to keep silent. 沟通比沉默更好。 口语同义：had better do sth. 最好做某事（后接动词原形，无 to） 例：You had better say sorry to him. 你最好向他道歉。 易错点 不能直接用 To do sth. is better（语法正确，但初中阶段优先记 it 作形式主语的常用结构）； 结构中必须用 to do，不能用 doing / 动词原形； 对比句型 than 前后形式要一致，都用不定式。 【典例】It is better ______ with your group members when you have trouble. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：遇到困难时，和组员沟通会更好。考查固定句型 It is better to do sth.，此处用不定式作真正主语，故选 B。 【即练1】It is better ______ others ______ argue with them. A. help; than B. to help; than to C. helping; than D. to help; than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：帮助他人胜过与他们争吵。考查对比句型 It is better to do A than to do B，than 前后都要使用不定式，故选 B。 【即练2】You ______ keep your promises. It is a good habit. A. are better to B. better to C. had better D. had better to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你最好信守承诺，这是一个好习惯。had better do sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “最好做某事”，后接动词原形，不加 to；其余选项结构错误，故选 C。 1、 根据汉语提示写单词 1.It’s a ______ (羞耻) that you missed the charity bake sale. 【答案】：shame 【详解】：不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数；shame n. 羞耻，符合句意。 2. We reached an ______ (一致) on how to organize the art festival. 【答案】：agreement 【详解】：固定搭配 reach an agreement 达成共识，an 后用名词单数 agreement。 3.To my ______ (失望), my partner was absent from the group meeting. 【答案】：disappointment 【详解】：固定结构 to one’s + 情绪名词；disappointment n. 失望。 4.If you can’t keep your ______ (承诺), others won’t trust you. 【答案】：promises / promise 【详解】：promise n. 承诺；one’s 后可单数或复数，keep one’s promise (s) 信守承诺。 5.I have different ______ (看法) on this group project. 【答案】：opinions 【详解】：different（不同的）后接可数名词复数，opinion 复数为 opinions。 二、单项选择 1.I find ______ difficult ______ communicate well with people who have different ideas. A. it; to B. that; to C. it; / D. that; / 【答案】：A 【翻译】：我发现和持有不同观点的人顺畅沟通是很困难的。 【详解】：固定结构 find it + adj. + to do sth.，it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为后面的不定式 to do。 2.To her ______, Li Tian is always absent ______ group meetings. A. disappointment; from B. disappointed; from C. disappointment; at D. disappointed; at 【答案】：A 【翻译】：令她失望的是，李甜总是缺席小组会议。 【详解】：enjoy 后必须接动名词 doing sth.，构成 enjoy doing 表示 “喜欢做某事”，故选 B。 3.All the students ______ three groups to finish the charity activity last week. A. divided into B. were divided into C. divided in D. were divided in 【答案】：B 【翻译】：上周，所有学生被分成三个小组完成这场慈善活动。 【详解】：主语 students 和 divide 是被动关系；last week 为一般过去时；固定搭配 be divided into 被分成……，介词只用 into。 4.Yi Han considers ______ to Li Tian to solve their misunderstanding. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 【答案】：C 【翻译】：伊涵考虑和李甜谈一谈，化解她们之间的误会。 【详解】：固定搭配 consider doing sth. 意为 “考虑做某事”，consider 后只能接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。 5.It is better ______ out your problems than ______ silent alone. A. talk; keep B. to talk; to keep C. talking; keeping D. to talk; keep 【答案】：B 【翻译】：把你的问题说出来，比独自保持沉默要好。 【详解】：固定句型 It is better to do A than to do B，表示 “做 A 比做 B 更好”，than 前后的不定式结构要保持一致。 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.If you want to be a good ______ (listen), you need to make eye contact. 【答案】：listener 【翻译】：如果你想成为一名好的倾听者，你需要进行眼神交流。 【详解】：不定冠词 a 后需要表示人的名词；listen 是动词，其名词 listener 意为 “倾听者”。 2.The ______ (disappoint) look on her face showed she failed the task. 【答案】：disappointed 【翻译】：她脸上失望的神情表明她没有完成这项任务。 【详解】：修饰人的表情 look，用 - ed 形容词 disappointed（感到失望的）；disappointing 用来修饰事物，表示 “令人失望的”。 3.Everyone wants to be ______ (satisfy) with the result of the group project. 【答案】：satisfied 【翻译】：每个人都希望对小组项目的结果感到满意。 【详解】：固定搭配 be satisfied with 对…… 感到满意，形容词 satisfied 作表语。 4.We made a great effort ______ (raise) money for charity last month. 【答案】：to raise 【翻译】：上个月我们尽力为慈善机构筹集资金。 【详解】：固定搭配 make a great effort to do sth. 尽力做某事，不定式作目的状语。 5.People trust those who always keep their ______ (promise). 【答案】：promises 【翻译】：人们会信任那些始终信守承诺的人。 【详解】：形容词性物主代词 their（他们的）后接可数名词复数，promise 的复数形式是 promises。 四、完成句子 1.令我失望的是，我的搭档缺席了小组讨论。 ______ my ______, my partner was ______ ______ the group discussion. 【答案】：To; disappointment; absent from 【详解】：固定短语 to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是；be absent from 缺席。 2. 我发现和不同文化的人达成一致是有困难的。 I find ______ hard ______ reach an ______ with people from different cultures. 【答案】：it; to; agreement 【详解】：考查 find it +adj.+to do 形式宾语结构；reach an agreement 达成共识。 3. 伊涵考虑和李甜交谈，弄清楚问题所在。 Yi Han considers ______ to Li Tian to ______ ______ what the problem is. 【答案】：talking; find out 【详解】：consider doing sth. 考虑做某事；find out 查明，弄清楚事实。 4. 最好提前告知朋友你要取消计划。 It is better ______ let your friends know ahead of time if you ______ your plan. 【答案】：to; cancel 【详解】：固定句型 It is better to do sth.；if 引导条件状语从句，主语为 you，谓语用动词原形 cancel（取消） 5. 我们应当信守承诺，这样别人才会信任我们。 We should keep our ______, so others will ______ us. 【答案】：promises; trust 【详解】：keep one’s promises 信守承诺；情态动词 will 后接动词原形 trust（信任）。 五、阅读理解 Passage 1 Bandile and Kojo were close friends. They promised they would be friends forever. The two boys lived across from each other and there was a path (小路) between their houses. Every day after school, the boys would run from one side of the path to the other or kick a ball across the path. Their neighbor Obasi liked nothing better than causing trouble. One day, he put on a two-colored coat. Its left side was blue and right side was red. Obasi said to himself, “Now for some fun.” The boys were sitting opposite each other when Obasi walked down the path between them. He coughed to make sure both boys noticed him. After he passed by, Bandile called out to Kojo, “Obasi was wearing a fine red coat.” Kojo laughed, “Do you mean a fine blue coat?” “No,” said Bandile with surprise. “It was a red coat.” “His coat was blue, like the sky,” said Kojo. “The coat was red-blood red,” cried Bandile. Bandile and Kojo grew so angry that they started to fight. “Our friendship is over!” shouted Bandile. “I cannot believe we promised to be friends forever!” replied Kojo. Suddenly, Obasi appeared, standing directly in front of the boys. They could see the coat was half blue and half red. “You did that on purpose!” cried Bandile. “You tricked us into fighting!” “It’s all your fault (过错) we argued with each other,” said Kojo angrily. “I didn’t ask you to fight,” said Obasi. Then he walked to a park nearby, leaving the two boys feeling silly. 1．After school, Bandile and Kojo usually played ________. A．in a park B．at their school C．around their houses D．outside Obasi’s house 2．What did Bandile and Kojo do after knowing the truth? A．They shouted to Obasi. B．They left Obasi alone. C．They fought with Obasi. D．They hugged each other. 3．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．We should always help our friends. B．We should always believe our friends. C．We should avoid arguing with our close friends. D．We should see things from different points of view. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了有两个叫班迪勒和科乔的男孩，他们是很要好的朋友。某天他们的邻居想测试一下他们的友谊，就做了一件特别的外套，以此来给他们开个玩笑的故事。告诉我们一个道理：我们应该从不同的角度看问题。 1．推理判断题。根据文中“The two boys lived across from each other and there was a path between their houses. Every day after school, the boys would run from one side of the path to the other or kick a ball across the path.”可推知，放学后，班迪勒和科乔通常在他们房子附近玩耍。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“‘You did that on purpose!’ cried Bandile. ‘You tricked us into fighting!’”和“‘It’s all your fault we argued with each other,’ said Kojo angrily.”可知，在知道了事实真相之后，班迪勒和科乔都对奥巴西喊叫。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了班迪勒和科乔争论一件左半边是蓝色右半边是红色的外套的故事，告诉我们一个道理：我们应该从不同的角度看问题；选项D“我们应该从不同的角度看问题。”符合语境。故选D。 Passage 2 One day, soon after Sandy got to school, Erica showed up. Sandy noticed Erica shove a bag in her desk. She wondered what it was in the bag Later in the morning. Sandy saw Erica slip something to Jill under the desk. When she saw Erica slip something to Beth at lunch, she couldn’t control herself. “What are you doing, Erica? Are you having a party without me?” demanded Sandy. “Oh, Sandy, it’s nothing. You don’t need to care about that.” said Erica. “What kind of friend has a party without inviting her best friend?” thought Sandy. She knew her birthday wasn’t coming for another six months. Sandy sat on the bus with another girl and made sure that there wasn’t room for Erica. Erica also sat with someone else, and Sandy noticed that she gave this girl an envelope, too. “The nerve!” thought Sandy. That night after dinner, there was a knock on the door. Sandy was surprised to see Jill from next door. She invited Sandy to go with her to Erica’s party. “I’m not going,” explained Sandy. “We just aren’t friends any more.” “Oh, you have to go,” said Jill, and she took Sandy’s arm. Imagine Sandy’s surprise when the door opened at Erica’s house and everyone screamed “Surprise!” “What? It’s not my birthday,” Sandy said excitedly. “That’s right. This is a half-birthday party. If I did it on your birthday, then it wouldn’t be a surprise.” said Erica, and she gave Sandy a big hug. 1．Which sentence strongly shows Sandy wasn’t satisfied with Erica? A．What? It’s not my birthday. B．You don’t need to care about that. C．What kind of friend has a party without inviting her best friend? D．If I did it on your birthday, then it wouldn’t be a surprise. 2．We can know from Para.1 that ________. A．how the problem was solved B．how the problem came out C．the agreements between the children D．the friendship between the children 3．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage? ①Sandy thought Erica was going to have a party without inviting her. ②Sandy’s birthday was coming. ③Sandy noticed Erica give something to Jill and Beth. ④Sandy went to Erica’s party and got a surprise. A．③②①④ B．②③④① C．③①④② D．③①②④ 4．What cam you learn from the passage? A．You should think more actively. B．If you try hard enough, you can succeed. C．It’s important to give your friend a surprise. D．Don’t jump to conclusions so quickly. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文讲了桑迪以为朋友艾丽卡在偷偷办派对，结果是给她自己办的半生日派对，让她感到惊喜和感动。 1．推理判断题。分析选项，C选项“什么样的朋友在不邀请她最好的朋友的情况下举办派对？”最能体现桑迪的不满，故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Sandy noticed Erica shove a bag in her desk...When she saw Erica slip something to Beth at lunch, she couldn’t control herself.”可知，本段讲两人间的问题是怎么开始的，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Sandy saw Erica slip something to Jill under the desk. When she saw Erica slip something to Beth at lunch, she couldn’t control herself.”可知，③最先发生；根据“‘What are you doing, Erica? Are you having a party without me?’ demanded Sandy.”可知，①在③后面；根据“Imagine Sandy’s surprise when the door opened at Erica’s house and everyone screamed ‘Surprise!’”可知，接下来是④；根据“‘What? It’s not my birthday,’ Sandy said excitedly.”可知，②在最后。所以正确顺序为③①④②。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“If I did it on your birthday, then it wouldn’t be a surprise.”及全文可知，本文讲了桑迪以为朋友艾丽卡在偷偷办派对，结果是个半生日派对，让她感到惊喜和感动，D选项“不要过早下结论”符合。故选D。 六、完形填空 Are you afraid of public speaking? Don’t worry a lot because you aren’t alone. Other people also have 1 same fear. But there are several ways to overcome(克服) your fear of giving a speech 2 public. The following words will be useful to you. Face yourself bravely. The biggest problem with public speaking isn’t facing the audience(观众). Actually, the audience doesn’t have a very big influence on your feelings. But it’s you yourself that make a 3 (different). The audience isn’t expecting you to fail 4 (give) a speech. The first step in overcoming your fear of public speaking is to understand that you are your own 5 (bad) enemy. We are all in this together. You and the audience are in a team. The audience watch you 6 they wait to learn something from you. You should want and like to teach the audience. The best way to do it is that you 7 (prepare) to do it well. Don’t care too much about the worst thing that could happen. You may never overcome your fear of public speaking, but that doesn’t mean you can’t do 8 (good) in front of a group. People with a fear of public speaking are often afraid of 9 (make) mistakes. But you can find solace(安慰) in knowing that if you make a mistake, 99% of the audience will not realize it. Remember, your life will still go on after the speech is over! Believe in yourself and be 10 (pride) of yourself. I’m sure you’ll be a wonderful public speaker. 【答案】 1．the 2．in 3．difference 4．to give 5．worst 6．because 7．are prepared 8．well 9．making 10．proud 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种克服公开演讲恐惧的方法。 【详解】1．句意：其他人也有同样的恐惧。根据“same fear”可知，same表示相同的事物，前面应加定冠词the表示特指。故填the。 2．句意：但是，有几种方法可以克服你对当众演讲的恐惧。短语in public“当众，公开地”为固定搭配。故填in。 3．句意：但你自己才是起作用的关键。不定冠词a修饰名词，different应变为名词形式difference。故填difference。 4．句意：观众并不期望你演讲失败。短语fail to do sth.“做不到某事，做某事失败”为固定搭配，动词不定式在句中作宾语。故填to give。 5．句意：克服公开演讲恐惧的第一步就是要明白，你是自己最大的敌人。此处指在所有敌人中，自己是最大的敌人，bad应变为最高级形式worst，前有your own修饰，不加定冠词the。故填worst。 6．句意：众之所以关注你，是因为他们等着从你身上学到东西。根据“You and the audience are in a team. The audience watch you... they wait to learn something from you.”可知，前后为因果关系，前果后因，此句应为because引导的原因状语从句。故填because。 7．句意：最好的方法就是你要做好充分准备。短语be prepared to do sth.“为做某事而做好准备”为固定搭配，根据前后文可知时态为一般现在时，主语是you，be动词用are。故填are prepared。 8．句意：你可能永远无法克服对公开演讲的恐惧，但这并不意味着你不能在众人面前表现出色。空格处应填入副词修饰前面的动词do，good应变为副词形式well。故填well。 9．句意：害怕公开演讲的人往往害怕犯错。短语be afraid of doing sth.“害怕做某事”为固定搭配，动名词在介词后作宾语。故填making。 10．句意：相信自己，为自己感到骄傲。短语be proud of为固定搭配，意为“为……而骄傲”，符合语境。故填proud。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit 2 Communication （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语言能力：掌握沟通类词汇、短语及重点句型、定语从句，熟练完成听、说、读、写训练。 学习能力：养成归纳积累习惯，主动参与口语互动，提升自主学习与语言运用能力。 文化意识：认识有效沟通的意义，学会尊重他人，树立文明交往观念。 思维品质：梳理语篇逻辑，辩证分析人际矛盾，总结沟通方法并灵活运用。 学习重点 词汇短语：掌握沟通、交往类词汇及固定搭配。 语法句型：掌握have difficulty (in) doing结构、定语从句，熟练运用交际句型。 语言技能：读懂主题文本，能交流观点、完成相关写作 学习难点 知识：辨析词性、易混短语，区分定语从句与其他从句。 理解：深挖文本内涵，领会沟通策略。 运用：交际表达语气不当，写作句式单一，知识迁移能力不足。 1. If we can’t communicate well, we likely have difficulty getting along with our friends or partners.如果我们不能很好地沟通，就很可能难以和朋友或伙伴相处。 【详解】have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 省略形式：have difficulty doing sth.（介词 in 可省略） 含义：做某事有困难 / 费劲 例句：She has difficulty (in) communicating with her parents. 她和父母沟通有困难。 同义替换 结构 用法说明 have trouble (in) doing sth. difficulty 与 trouble 可互换，含义相同 have problems (in) doing sth. problems 常用复数，语气更口语化 have a hard time (in) doing sth. 强调 “过程艰难、不顺利” 拓展 否定形式：表示 “做某事没有困难”：have no difficulty (in) doing sth. 例句：He had no difficulty (in) passing the exam. 他毫不费力地通过了考试。 have difficulty with sth.在某事上 / 某方面有困难，后接名词 / 代词，不接动名词。 例句：She has difficulty with her English grammar. 她在英语语法上有困难。 【典例】Many students have difficulty ______ spoken English in class. A. Practice B. practicing C. to practice D. practiced 【即练1】The little boy has no difficulty ______ the problem by himself. A. Solve B. solving C. to solve D. solved 【即练2】She has difficulty ______ her new math teacher. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 2.First, let me ask you a question: How do you get along with others in school or at home?首先，我问大家一个问题：在学校或家里，你是如何与他人相处的？ 【详解】get along (well) with sb.，表示 “与某人（友好）相处”。 常见搭配与拓展 搭配 含义 例句 get along (well) with sb. 与某人相处融洽 She gets along well with her classmates. 她和同学们相处得很好。 get along badly with sb. 与某人相处不好 He gets along badly with his stepfather. 他和继父相处得不好。 get along with sth. 某事进展如何 How is your project getting along? 你的项目进展如何？ get along without sb./sth. 没有…… 也能应付 / 过得去 We can’t get along without water. 没有水我们无法生存。 同义替换 get on (well) with sb.（英式英语更常用，含义完全相同） keep on good terms with sb.（更正式，意为 “与某人保持良好关系”） 【典例】— How do you ______ your new deskmate? — We often help each other and get on well. A. get along with B. get ready for C. get out of D. get back to 【即练1】The project ______ smoothly, so we will finish it ahead of time. A.gets along with B. gets along C. gets on with D. gets ready 【即练2】It’s hard to ______ him because he is very stubborn. A. get along with B. get rid of C. get up D. get to 3. And people who know how to communicate well with others are happier and more satisfied with their lives.而且懂得如何与他人良好沟通的人，生活中会更快乐、更有满足感。 【详解】定语从句 定义：在复合句中，修饰名词 / 代词的从句叫定语从句，相当于形容词的作用，翻译为 “…… 的”。 核心术语： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词 / 代词（通常在从句前面）。 关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中充当一定成分。 基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 关系代词 可指代的先行词 在从句中可充当的成分 典型例句（贴合课文） 易错提醒 who 人 主语、宾语 1. And people who know how to communicate well with others are happier.（课文原句，who 作主语）2. The girl who we met yesterday is my new classmate.（who 作宾语，可省略） 1. 先行词必须是人，不能指代事物2. 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可省略 whom 人 宾语（只能作宾语） The boy whom you helped just now is my brother. 1. 只能指代人，且只能在从句中作宾语2. 可与 who 互换，口语中常用 who 代替 whom3. 介词提前时，只能用 whom，不能用 who：The girl to whom you talked is my sister. which 事物 / 动物 主语、宾语 1. She became ill with a terrible disease which damaged her body.（课文原句，which 作主语）2. The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（which 作宾语，可省略） 1. 只能指代事物 / 动物，不能指代人2. 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可省略 that 人 / 事物 / 动物 主语、宾语 1. She has a special telephone that is hers alone.（课文原句，that 作主语，指代事物）2. The boy that helped me is my friend.（that 作主语，指代人）3. The letter that I received was from my mother.（that 作宾语，可省略） 1. 既可指代人，也可指代事物，是九年级最常用的关系代词2. 作宾语时可省略，作主语不可省略3. 有特殊使用规则（见下文特殊规则表） whose 人 / 事物 定语（表所属关系，“…… 的”） 1. The girl whose mother is a teacher is my deskmate.2. This is the house whose window is broken. 1. 表所属关系，相当于 “形容词性物主代词”，后面必须接名词2. 既可指代人，也可指代事物 只能用 that，不能用 which 的情况 适用场景 例句 先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等） Everything that he said is true. 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰 He is the only person that can help you. 先行词既有人又有物 We talked about the people and the things that we saw in the village. 不能用 that 的情况 适用场景 正确用法 错误用法 非限制性定语从句（先行词和从句之间有逗号隔开） She has a new bike, which was bought by her father. She has a new bike, that was bought by her father. 关系代词前有介词 This is the house in which we lived last year. This is the house in that we lived last year. 【典例】The student ______ is good at communicating with others is our group leader. A. which B. who C. whose D. whom 【即练1】This is the activity ______ we planned for the school art festival. A. what B. who C. which D. where 【即练2】All the ideas ______ we shared at the meeting were very useful. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 4. During a bake sale, for example, we were divided into three groups.在一次烘焙义卖活动中，我们被分成了三个小组。 【详解】divide v. 划分；分配 被动结构 be divided into 主动结构：divide A into B 把 A 分成 B 几部分 例：We divide the class into four teams. 我们把班级分成四组。 被动结构：be divided into 被分成……（短文考点，常考时态变形） 拓展搭配 divide sth. between/among sb. 把某物分给某人 例：She divided the candies among her friends. 翻译：她把糖果分给朋友们。 divide…from… 把…… 与…… 隔开（侧重分隔开两类事物） 例：A wall divides the garden from the road. 翻译：一堵墙把花园和马路隔开。 divide up 分配，均分 例：They divided up the work together. 翻译：他们一起分配了工作。 易混辨析：divide VS separate divide into：把一个整体拆分成多个部分 The cake is divided into six pieces. 蛋糕被切成六块。 separate from：把原本分开 / 相连的事物隔开、分离 We separate the good apples from bad ones. 我们把好坏苹果分开。 【典例】The students ______ four groups to organize the art festival last month. A. divided into B. were divided into C. divided in D. were divided in 【即练1】My mother ______ the big apple ______ two halves and gave one to me. A. divided; into B. separated; into C. divided; from D. separated; from 【即练2】We should ______ the work ______ everyone in our group. A. divide; into B. divide; among C. separate; into D. separate; among 5.During student council meetings, we work together, but it's not always easy to reach an agreement that satisfies everyone.在学生会会议上，我们一起合作，但要达成让所有人都满意的共识并不总是容易的。 【详解】固定搭配 reach an agreement (with sb.)（与某人）达成一致 词性拓展：agreement n. 一致；agree v. 同意 固定搭配 中文释义 例句 易错提示 agree with sb. 同意某人（观点 / 看法） I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 后接人 / 观点类名词，不能接动作 agree to do sth. 同意去做某事 He agreed to help me. 他同意帮我。 to 是不定式符号，后加动词原形，不能 doing agree to sth. 同意（计划、提议、方案） She agreed to the plan. 她同意这个方案。 后接名词：plan/idea/suggestion agree on sth. （多人）就某事达成共识 We agreed on the activity time. 我们就活动时间达成一致。 主语通常为多个人 搭配 释义 例句 reach / come to an agreement 达成共识 We reached an agreement at the meeting. in agreement (with sb.) 赞同某人 I am in agreement with my group members. 【典例】My deskmate agreed ______ me that communication is important for teamwork. A. with B. to C. on D. for 【即练1】All the students agreed ______ organize a charity bake sale after class. A. with B. to C. doing D. to doing 【即练2】After talking for an hour, our student council finally reached an ______ about the art festival. A. Agree B. agrees C. agreement D. agreeable 6.The student council works hard to make school more fun, more united, and more welcoming.学生会努力让校园变得更有趣、更团结、更包容。 【详解】make 基础变形 动词原形：make 三单：makes；过去式 / 过去分词：made；现在分词：making 句型结构 含义 例句 中考易错点 make sb. /sth. + 形容词 使某人 / 某物变得…… The activity makes our school warm. 这场活动让校园变得温暖。 形容词作宾语补足语，常用比较级 make...better/more fun make sb. /sth. + 名词 使某人 / 某物成为…… We cooperate to make our school a better place. 我们协作让学校成为更好的地方。 名词表身份、称号，不加冠词特例极少 make sb. do sth. 让 / 使某人做某事（主动） Good communication makes us understand each other. 良好沟通让我们互相理解。 后面接动词原形，不能加 to be made to do sth. 被迫 / 被要求做某事（被动） He was made to finish the report alone. 他被迫独自完成报告。 被动语态必须还原不定式 to make sth. for sb. = make sb. sth. 为某人制作某物 She made us delicious cakes for the bake sale. 她为义卖给我们做了美味蛋糕。 双宾语结构，sth. 为物品 固定短语表 短语 释义 例句 make sure 确保；保证 We made sure everyone’s ideas were respected. 我们确保每个人的想法都被尊重。 make a decision 做决定 We made a decision to hold an art festival. make money 赚钱 We raised money to make money for charity. make progress 取得进步 Talking more makes you make progress in communication. 【典例】Good teamwork ______ our school ______ more united. A. make; become B. makes; / C. makes; to be D. make; being 【即练1】 The teacher made all group members ______ their ideas in the meeting. A. share B. to share C. sharing D. shared 【即练2】The students were made ______ their part for the school bake sale. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 7.Everyone had different opinions on how to make it successful.每个人对于如何办好这场活动都持有不同看法。 【详解】have different opinions on sth. 在某件事上持有不同观点 / 看法 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/n. 观点、看法；可数名词，different 后必须用复数 opinions 介词固定搭配：on，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，表 “关于…… 的观点” 课文原句：Everyone had different opinions on how to make it successful. 翻译：每个人对于如何办好这场活动都有不同看法。 同义拓展 同义表达 用法区别 例句 have different ideas about sth. 口语化，最常用 We have different ideas about teamwork. hold different views on sth. 书面高级表达（作文推荐） They hold different views on school activities. disagree on sth. 动词短语，侧重 “意见不合” We disagree on the plan of art festival. 配套搭配 ①in one’s opinion 在某人看来（写作万能开头） 例：In my opinion, good communication is mportant. ②agree with one’s opinion 赞同某人的观点 例：I agree with your opinion on this activity. ③reach an agreement 达成共识（课文同单元短语） 【典例】All students have different opinions ______ the time of the bake sale. A. in B. on C. for D. to 【即练1】We hold different ______ on how to organize the school art festival. A. opinion B. opinions C. idea D. view 【即练2】In my ______, people will have different opinions ______ teamwork. A. opinion; on B. opinions; in C. opinion; in D. opinions; on 8.Have you ever found it hard to communicate well with others?你是否曾经发现和别人顺畅沟通很难？ 【详解】it：形式宾语，无实际含义，只占位，不能换成 that/this； 形容词：描述做这件事的感受（hard/easy/difficult/important 等）； to do sth.：真正的宾语，句子核心动作。 拓展 同义动词替换（同结构） think /feel/consider /believe 都能套用 it + adj. + to do I think it easy to keep your promises. 我认为信守承诺很简单。 She feels it comfortable to talk with honest people. ①加 for sb. 点明对象 find it + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 发现对某人来说做某事…… 例：I find it hard for shy students to make eye contact. ②否定形式 find it + not + adj. + to do I find it not easy to remember others’ names. 【典例】I find ______ important ______ be a good listener in communication. A. it; to B. that; to C. it; / D. that; / 【即练1】She finds ______ boring ______ talk with people who always break promises. A. this; to B. it; to C. it; doing D. that; do 【即练2】 We find ______ necessary for us ______ smile when we meet new people. A. it; to B. its; to C. it’s; / D. that; to 9.Make a great effort to do this when you first meet someone new.当你初次认识新朋友时，要尽力记住对方的名字。 【详解】make a great effort to do sth. 努力做某事 effort /ˈefət/n. 努力；尽力（可数名词） 核心搭配 make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 make a great effort to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 拓展 固定介词搭配：with effort 费力地；without effort 毫不费力 例：He finished the task without effort. 他毫不费力完成任务。 词性拓展：effortless adj. 毫不费力的 易错点 effort 表 “一次努力” 可数，不能直接说 make effort，必须加冠词 an/a；后面只能接不定式 to do，不可接 doing。 【典例】You should make a great effort ______ honest with your friends. A. be B. to be C. being D. to being 【即练1】 We ______ to remember others’ names to make them feel comfortable. A. make an effort B. make effort C. makes an effort D. makes effort 【即练2】They spare no effort ______ good communication with their group members. A. build B. building C. to build D. built 10.If you remember his or her name when you meet again, you can easily make that person feel comfortable.如果再次见面时你记得对方名字，会很容易让对方感到自在。 【详解】make sb. feel + adj. 使某人感到…… make 为使役动词，后接宾语（人）； feel 是感官系动词，此处用原形（make sb. do 结构，不带 to）； feel 后面必须加形容词，描述人的情绪、感受（happy, comfortable, relaxed, shy, honest 等）。 拓展变形 否定：make sb. not feel + adj. Smiling won’t make others feel nervous. 微笑不会让别人感到紧张。 被动结构：sb. be made to feel + adj.（被动要还原 to） He was made to feel welcome. 他被照顾得倍感亲切。 同义替换：make sb. + adj.（省略 feel） make me happy = make me feel happy 易错点 ❌ make sb. feel happily（feel 后用形容词，不用副词） ❌ make sb. to feel comfortable（make 后动词用原形，不加 to） ✅ make her feel relaxed 【典例】Remembering others’ names can make people ______ warm and comfortable. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 【即练1】The friendly words made me ______ really relaxed. A. feel happily B. feel happy C. to feel happy D. feeling happily 【即练2】Kids ______ to feel welcome when we greet them warmly. A. made B. are made C. make D. are make 11.People will trust those who always keep their promises.人们会信任那些总是信守承诺的人. 【详解】promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ v. 承诺，答应变形：过去式 / 过去分词 promised n. 承诺，诺言 动词 promise promise to do sth. 承诺做某事 例：He promises to keep his word. 他承诺信守诺言。 promise sb. sth. = promise sth. to sb. 向某人承诺某事 例：She promised me a gift. = She promised a gift to me. promise (that) 从句 承诺……（that 可省略） 例：I promise I will arrive on time. 我保证我会准时到。 名词 promise keep one’s promise 信守承诺（课文短语） 原句：People will trust those who always keep their promises.人们会信任那些始终信守承诺的人。 break one’s promise 违背承诺 make a promise 许下承诺 易错点 promise 后接动作只能用 to do，不能 doing ❌ promise doing sth. ✅ promise to do sth. 名词搭配固定：keep/break/make a promise，不能直接说 keep promise 【典例】My friend promised ______ ahead of time if he cancels our plan. A. tell me B. to tell me C. telling me D. told me 【即练1】If you want others to trust you, you must ______. A. keep your promise B. keep promise C. break your promise D. break promise 【即练2】Lily promised ______ she would be a good listener in communication. A. / B. to C. doing D. her 12.To her disappointment, a girl named Li Tian in her group is always absent from the group meetings.令她失望的是，她组里一个叫李甜的女生总是缺席小组会议。 【详解】①to one's + 名词（情绪类），表示 “令某人…… 的是”，在句中作状语。 例：To my surprise, he passed the exam. 令我惊讶的是，他通过了考试。 常见搭配： to one's joy 令某人高兴的是 to one's sadness 令某人难过的是 to one's regret 令某人遗憾的是 词性拓展： disappointment (n.) 失望 → disappointed (adj.) 感到失望的（修饰人） disappointing (adj.) 令人失望的（修饰事物） ②固定短语 be absent from 缺席…… 单词 词性 音标 含义 变形说明 absent adj. /ˈæbsənt/ 缺席的；不在场的 形容词 反义词：present（出席的） absence n. /ˈæbsəns/ 缺席；不在 名词 不可数 / 可数均可 absent-minded adj. 心不在焉的 复合形容词 拓展词汇，了解即可 形容词用法 be absent from + 地点 / 活动 含义：缺席……；不在…… He was absent from school yesterday because he had a cold. 翻译：他昨天因为感冒缺课了。 易错点：介词固定用 from，不能用 in/at/for。 名词用法（中考常考） in one's absence：在某人不在时 例：Don't touch my things in my absence. 我不在时别碰我的东西。 absence from：缺席…… 例：Her absence from the meeting surprised us all. 她缺席会议让我们都很惊讶。 【典例】My deskmate was ______ the English class this morning because he was ill. A. absent from B. absent in C. present at D. present in 【即练1】We didn't notice her ______ until the teacher called her name. A. Absent B. absence C. present D. presence 【即练2】No one can enter the lab ______ the teacher's absence. A. at B. in C. on D. for 13.Yi Han considers telling Ms Liu about these problems, but she doesn’t want to get Li Tian into trouble.伊涵考虑把这些问题告诉刘老师，但她不想让李甜陷入麻烦。 【详解】①consider doing sth. 表示 “考虑做某事”，consider 后接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式 to do。 例：We are considering changing our plan. 我们正在考虑改变计划。 结构 含义 例句 考点提示 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 Yi Han considers telling Ms Liu about these problems.（课文原句）伊涵考虑把这些问题告诉刘老师。 九年级高频考点，后接动名词，不能接不定式 to do consider sb./sth. (as) + n./adj. 把…… 看作 / 认为…… We consider him (as) a good leader.我们认为他是一位好的领导者。 as 可省略，后接名词或形容词 consider + that 从句 认为…… I consider that teamwork is very important.我认为团队合作非常重要。 that 可省略，从句用陈述语序 易错点 ❌ consider to do sth.（错误，中考常考干扰项） ✅ consider doing sth. 被动结构：be considered (as/to be) + n./adj. 例：He is considered (to be) one of the best students. 【典例】Yi Han is considering ______ to her group member Li Tian about the problem. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 【即练1】We consider Li Tian ______ a shy student, but she is actually very kind. A. as B. to C. with D. for 【即练2】The plan ______ to be a good way to solve the problem by all the group members. A. considers B. is considered C. considered D. is considering ②get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入麻烦 核心结构：get sb. into trouble 表示 “使某人陷入困境 / 惹上麻烦”。 例：Lying can get you into trouble. 说谎会让你惹上麻烦。 反义短语：get sb. out of trouble 帮助某人摆脱困境 拓展：be in trouble 处于困境中；make trouble 制造麻烦 14.When there is a problem, it is better to talk it out and find ways to solve it.当出现问题时，把问题说出来并找到解决办法会更好。 【详解】It is better to do sth. 释义：做某事会更好；最好做某事 it 是形式主语，无实义，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to do sth. 拓展 It is better to do A than to do B 做 A 事比做 B 事更好（两者对比，前后都用 to do） 例：It is better to communicate than to keep silent. 沟通比沉默更好。 口语同义：had better do sth. 最好做某事（后接动词原形，无 to） 例：You had better say sorry to him. 你最好向他道歉。 易错点 不能直接用 To do sth. is better（语法正确，但初中阶段优先记 it 作形式主语的常用结构）； 结构中必须用 to do，不能用 doing / 动词原形； 对比句型 than 前后形式要一致，都用不定式。 【典例】It is better ______ with your group members when you have trouble. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 【即练1】It is better ______ others ______ argue with them. A. help; than B. to help; than to C. helping; than D. to help; than 【即练2】You ______ keep your promises. It is a good habit. A. are better to B. better to C. had better D. had better to 1、 根据汉语提示写单词 1.It’s a ______ (羞耻) that you missed the charity bake sale. 2. We reached an ______ (一致) on how to organize the art festival. 3.To my ______ (失望), my partner was absent from the group meeting. 4.If you can’t keep your ______ (承诺), others won’t trust you. 5.I have different ______ (看法) on this group project. 二、单项选择 1.I find ______ difficult ______ communicate well with people who have different ideas. A. it; to B. that; to C. it; / D. that; / 2.To her ______, Li Tian is always absent ______ group meetings. A. disappointment; from B. disappointed; from C. disappointment; at D. disappointed; at 3.All the students ______ three groups to finish the charity activity last week. A. divided into B. were divided into C. divided in D. were divided in 4.Yi Han considers ______ to Li Tian to solve their misunderstanding. A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked 5.It is better ______ out your problems than ______ silent alone. A. talk; keep B. to talk; to keep C. talking; keeping D. to talk; keep 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.If you want to be a good ______ (listen), you need to make eye contact. 2.The ______ (disappoint) look on her face showed she failed the task. 3.Everyone wants to be ______ (satisfy) with the result of the group project. 4.We made a great effort ______ (raise) money for charity last month. 5.People trust those who always keep their ______ (promise). 四、完成句子 1.令我失望的是，我的搭档缺席了小组讨论。 ______ my ______, my partner was ______ ______ the group discussion. 2. 我发现和不同文化的人达成一致是有困难的。 I find ______ hard ______ reach an ______ with people from different cultures. 3. 伊涵考虑和李甜交谈，弄清楚问题所在。 Yi Han considers ______ to Li Tian to ______ ______ what the problem is. 4. 最好提前告知朋友你要取消计划。 It is better ______ let your friends know ahead of time if you ______ your plan. 5. 我们应当信守承诺，这样别人才会信任我们。 We should keep our ______, so others will ______ us. 五、阅读理解 Passage 1 Bandile and Kojo were close friends. They promised they would be friends forever. The two boys lived across from each other and there was a path (小路) between their houses. Every day after school, the boys would run from one side of the path to the other or kick a ball across the path. Their neighbor Obasi liked nothing better than causing trouble. One day, he put on a two-colored coat. Its left side was blue and right side was red. Obasi said to himself, “Now for some fun.” The boys were sitting opposite each other when Obasi walked down the path between them. He coughed to make sure both boys noticed him. After he passed by, Bandile called out to Kojo, “Obasi was wearing a fine red coat.” Kojo laughed, “Do you mean a fine blue coat?” “No,” said Bandile with surprise. “It was a red coat.” “His coat was blue, like the sky,” said Kojo. “The coat was red-blood red,” cried Bandile. Bandile and Kojo grew so angry that they started to fight. “Our friendship is over!” shouted Bandile. “I cannot believe we promised to be friends forever!” replied Kojo. Suddenly, Obasi appeared, standing directly in front of the boys. They could see the coat was half blue and half red. “You did that on purpose!” cried Bandile. “You tricked us into fighting!” “It’s all your fault (过错) we argued with each other,” said Kojo angrily. “I didn’t ask you to fight,” said Obasi. Then he walked to a park nearby, leaving the two boys feeling silly. 1．After school, Bandile and Kojo usually played ________. A．in a park B．at their school C．around their houses D．outside Obasi’s house 2．What did Bandile and Kojo do after knowing the truth? A．They shouted to Obasi. B．They left Obasi alone. C．They fought with Obasi. D．They hugged each other. 3．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．We should always help our friends. B．We should always believe our friends. C．We should avoid arguing with our close friends. D．We should see things from different points of view. Passage 2 One day, soon after Sandy got to school, Erica showed up. Sandy noticed Erica shove a bag in her desk. She wondered what it was in the bag Later in the morning. Sandy saw Erica slip something to Jill under the desk. When she saw Erica slip something to Beth at lunch, she couldn’t control herself. “What are you doing, Erica? Are you having a party without me?” demanded Sandy. “Oh, Sandy, it’s nothing. You don’t need to care about that.” said Erica. “What kind of friend has a party without inviting her best friend?” thought Sandy. She knew her birthday wasn’t coming for another six months. Sandy sat on the bus with another girl and made sure that there wasn’t room for Erica. Erica also sat with someone else, and Sandy noticed that she gave this girl an envelope, too. “The nerve!” thought Sandy. That night after dinner, there was a knock on the door. Sandy was surprised to see Jill from next door. She invited Sandy to go with her to Erica’s party. “I’m not going,” explained Sandy. “We just aren’t friends any more.” “Oh, you have to go,” said Jill, and she took Sandy’s arm. Imagine Sandy’s surprise when the door opened at Erica’s house and everyone screamed “Surprise!” “What? It’s not my birthday,” Sandy said excitedly. “That’s right. This is a half-birthday party. If I did it on your birthday, then it wouldn’t be a surprise.” said Erica, and she gave Sandy a big hug. 1．Which sentence strongly shows Sandy wasn’t satisfied with Erica? A．What? It’s not my birthday. B．You don’t need to care about that. C．What kind of friend has a party without inviting her best friend? D．If I did it on your birthday, then it wouldn’t be a surprise. 2．We can know from Para.1 that ________. A．how the problem was solved B．how the problem came out C．the agreements between the children D．the friendship between the children 3．Which of the following is the right order according to the passage? ①Sandy thought Erica was going to have a party without inviting her. ②Sandy’s birthday was coming. ③Sandy noticed Erica give something to Jill and Beth. ④Sandy went to Erica’s party and got a surprise. A．③②①④ B．②③④① C．③①④② D．③①②④ 4．What cam you learn from the passage? A．You should think more actively. B．If you try hard enough, you can succeed. C．It’s important to give your friend a surprise. D．Don’t jump to conclusions so quickly. 六、完形填空 Are you afraid of public speaking? Don’t worry a lot because you aren’t alone. Other people also have 1 same fear. But there are several ways to overcome(克服) your fear of giving a speech 2 public. The following words will be useful to you. Face yourself bravely. The biggest problem with public speaking isn’t facing the audience(观众). Actually, the audience doesn’t have a very big influence on your feelings. But it’s you yourself that make a 3 (different). The audience isn’t expecting you to fail 4 (give) a speech. The first step in overcoming your fear of public speaking is to understand that you are your own 5 (bad) enemy. We are all in this together. You and the audience are in a team. The audience watch you 6 they wait to learn something from you. You should want and like to teach the audience. The best way to do it is that you 7 (prepare) to do it well. Don’t care too much about the worst thing that could happen. You may never overcome your fear of public speaking, but that doesn’t mean you can’t do 8 (good) in front of a group. People with a fear of public speaking are often afraid of 9 (make) mistakes. But you can find solace(安慰) in knowing that if you make a mistake, 99% of the audience will not realize it. Remember, your life will still go on after the speech is over! Believe in yourself and be 10 (pride) of yourself. I’m sure you’ll be a wonderful public speaker. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $