Unit 2 语法易错+巩固练习（导学案）新五年级英语暑假自学课（鲁科版五四制·新教材）

鲁科版三起新四年级暑假自学课 Unit 2 语法易错+巩固练习 语法易错01 语法点拨 1.一般现在时描述情绪：主语 + be 动词 + 情绪形容词 （1）教材原句： He's so excited! 他太兴奋了。 Danny is happy. 丹尼很开心。 She is worried. 她很担心。 （2）句式结构： 肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 情绪形容词. 否定祈使句（安慰）：Don't be + 情绪形容词. （3）用法： ・用于描述人物当前的心情与感受，属于主系表结构 ・be 动词随主语人称和数变化：I 用 am，he/she/it/ 单数名词用 is，you/we/they/ 复数名词用 are ・常见情绪形容词：happy, sad, excited, angry, worried, glad, surprised ・形容词放在 be 动词之后，作表语说明主语的情绪状态 （4）例句： I'm glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。 Don't be angry. 别生气。 知识演练 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. He ________ so excited. A. is B. am C. are ( ) 2. Don't ________ sad. We will help you. A. are B. be C. is ( ) 3. They ________ very happy today. A. is B. am C. are ( ) 4. —I can't find my book. —Don't be ________. A. worry B. worried C. worries 语法易错02 语法点拨 2.现在进行时搭配情绪表达 （1）教材原句： —What's Danny doing there? —He's dancing. He's so excited! 丹尼在那里做什么？他在跳舞。他太兴奋了！ He's shouting at the dog. He's angry. 他在对着狗大喊。他很生气。 （2）句式结构： 问句：What + be 动词 + 主语 + doing? 答语：主语 + be 动词 + 动词 - ing 形式. + 主语 + be 动词 + 情绪形容词. （3）用法： ・先询问或描述某人正在进行的动作，再补充说明伴随的情绪状态 ・现在进行时结构为 “be 动词 + 动词 - ing”，描述此刻正在发生的动作 ・情绪描述用主系表结构，补充动作背后的心情，让表达更完整生动 （4）例句： —What's Li Ming doing? —He's shouting at the dog. He's angry. 李明在做什么？他在对着狗大喊。他很生气。 知识演练 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. —What's she doing? —She ________. A. sing B. sings C. is singing ( ) 2. He is dancing. He is very ________. A. excited B. sad C. worried ( ) 3. —What ________ they doing? —They are playing games. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 4. He's ________ at the dog. He's angry. A. shout B. shouts C. shouting 语法点拨 3.be 动词的一般过去时（was/were）描述过去的情绪 （1）教材原句： —Were you happy? —Yes, we were. 你们当时开心吗？是的，我们很开心。 I was worried. 我当时很担心。 He was very excited. 他当时非常兴奋。 She was sad. 她当时很难过。 （2）句式结构： 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 情绪形容词 / 其他. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ 答语：Yes, 主语 + was/were./ No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. （3）用法： ・描述过去某个时间的情绪、状态，时态为一般过去时 ・主语为 I/he/she/it/ 单数名词时，be 动词用 was；主语为 you/we/they/ 复数名词时，be 动词用 were ・一般疑问句将 was/were 提到句首，否定形式为 was not (wasn't)、were not (weren't) （4）例句： —Was Danny sad? —No, he wasn't. 丹尼当时难过吗？不，他不难过。 知识演练 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. I ________ worried yesterday. A. am B. was C. were ( ) 2. —________ you happy at the park? —Yes, we were. A. Are B. Was C. Were ( ) 3. She ________ very excited last Sunday. A. was B. is C. were ( ) 4. —Were they sad? —No, they ________. A. weren't B. wasn't C. aren't 语法点拨 4.安慰类功能句型的正确使用 （1）教材原句： Don't be sad. We will help you. 别难过，我们会帮你的。 Don't worry. 别担心。 （2）句式结构： Don't be + 情绪形容词. Don't + 动词原形. We will + 动词原形 + 其他. （3）用法： ・用于安慰情绪不佳的他人，语气委婉友好 ・Don't 后接动词原形，后接形容词时必须先加 be 动词原形 ・主动提供帮助时，用一般将来时结构 We will + 动词原形 （4）例句： Don't worry. I can help you. 别担心，我可以帮你。 知识演练 一、选词填空 1.Don't ________ sad. We can help you.worry be help sad worried 2.Don't ________. We will find your cap. 3.We will ________ you look for the book. 4.She is ________ about her lost dog. 重难点特训 一、根据首字母提示补全句子 1.He is e________ to see his grandparents. 2.Don't be s________. We will help you. 3.I was w________ about you last night. 4.He is a________ and shouting at the dog. 5.We were h________ at the party yesterday. 二、选择正确的单词填空 1.She ________ (is /was) sad yesterday. 2.Don't ________ (be /are) worried. 3.________ (Were / Are) you happy last Saturday? 4.He is ________ (dance /dancing). He's excited. 5.We will ________ (help /helps) you find the book. 三、按要求完成句子 1.He is excited.（改为一般疑问句） ________ ________ excited? 2.They were happy yesterday.（改为否定句） They ________ ________ happy yesterday. 3.Was Danny sad?（作否定回答） _______, he _______. 4.Don't be worried.（改为同义句） Don't ________. 四、给下列句子选择合适的答语 A. He's dancing. B. Yes, I was. C. Thank you. D. No, she wasn't. E. I'm sorry to hear that. ( ) 1. Were you excited yesterday? ( ) 2. What's Danny doing? ( ) 3. Was Wang Hong sad? ( ) 4. Don't be sad. We will help you. ( ) 5. My cap is lost. 五、阅读对话，判断正 (T) 误 (F) Wang Hong: Mum, I'm home. Mum: I'm glad you're back. I was worried. Wang Hong: Sorry, Mum. I was in the park with my friends. Mum: Were you happy? Wang Hong: Yes, we were. We played games and watched a plant show. Mum: Was Danny with you? Wang Hong: Yes, he was. He was very excited. He danced in the rain. Mum: Did you lose anything? Wang Hong: No, I didn't. But Danny lost his cap. He was sad. Mum: Did you help him? Wang Hong: Yes. We told him not to be sad and we helped him look for it. ( ) 1. Mum was worried when Wang Hong was out. ( ) 2. Wang Hong was not happy in the park. ( ) 3. Danny was very excited in the park. ( ) 4. Wang Hong lost her English book. ( ) 5. They helped Danny look for his cap. 参考答案与解析 语法易错题答案01 1.A 解析：主语 He 是第三人称单数，一般现在时中 be 动词用 is。 2.B 解析：Don't 后接动词原形，be 动词用原形 be。 3.C 解析：主语 They 是复数，一般现在时中 be 动词用 are。 4.B 解析：be 动词后接形容词 worried 表示 “担心的”，worry 是动词，不能直接跟在 be 后。 语法易错题答案 02 1.C 解析：问句是现在进行时，答语也要用现在进行时，结构为 is + 动词 - ing。 2.A 解析：跳舞时的情绪应为兴奋的，excited 符合语境逻辑。 3.B 解析：主语 they 是复数，现在进行时中 be 动词用 are。 4.C 解析：现在进行时结构为 be + 动词 - ing，shout 的 - ing 形式是 shouting。 语法易错题答案 03 1.B 解析：yesterday 表示过去时间，主语是 I，be 动词的过去式用 was。 2.C 解析：答语为 were，问句时态为一般过去时，主语是 you，be 动词用 Were。 3.A 解析：last Sunday 表示过去时间，主语 She 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 was。 4.A 解析：一般过去时的否定回答，主语 they 对应 weren't。 语法易错题答案 04 1.be 解析：Don't 后接动词原形，后接形容词 sad 需要加 be 动词原形 be。 2.worry 解析：Don't 后直接接动词原形 worry，构成常用安慰语 Don't worry。 3.help 解析：will 后接动词原形，表示 “将会帮助”。 4.worried 解析：be worried about 是固定短语，意为 “担心……”，用形容词 worried。 重难点特训 一、根据首字母提示补全句子 答案及解析 1. 答案：excited 解析：be excited to do sth. 表示 “做某事很兴奋”，符合句意与首字母提示。 2. 答案：sad 解析：Don't be sad. 是常用安慰句型，意为 “别难过”。 3. 答案：worried 解析：be worried about 是固定短语，意为 “担心……”，过去时中仍用形容词 worried。 4. 答案：angry 解析：shout at the dog 通常是生气的表现，angry 意为 “生气的”。 5. 答案：happy 解析：be happy 表示 “开心的”，符合派对的语境。 二、选择正确的单词填空 答案及解析 1. 答案：was 解析：yesterday 表示过去，主语 She 是第三人称单数，be 动词用 was。 2. 答案：be 解析：Don't 后接动词原形，be 动词用原形 be。 3. 答案：Were 解析：last Saturday 表示过去，主语是 you，be 动词用 Were。 4. 答案：dancing 解析：现在进行时结构为 be + 动词 - ing，dance 的 - ing 形式是 dancing。 5. 答案：help 解析：will 后接动词原形，因此用 help。 三、按要求完成句子 答案及解析 1. 答案：Is he 解析：含 be 动词的句子变一般疑问句，将 is 提前，主语 he 保持不变。 2. 答案：were not 解析：一般过去时 be 动词的否定形式，在 were 后加 not。 3. 答案：No; wasn't 解析：Was 引导的一般过去时一般疑问句，否定回答为 No, 主语 + wasn't. 4. 答案：worry 解析：Don't be worried. 同义句为 Don't worry.，都表示 “别担心”。 四、给下列句子选择合适的答语 答案及解析 答案：1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.E 解析： 1. 问句是一般过去时的一般疑问句，询问是否兴奋，B 选项 “是的，我很兴奋” 对应答语； 2. 问句询问丹尼正在做什么，A 选项 “他在跳舞” 对应答语； 3. 问句询问王红当时难过吗，D 选项 “不，她不难过” 对应答语； 4. 对方表示安慰并提供帮助，应回答感谢，对应 C 选项； 5. 对方说帽子丢了，应表示同情，E 选项 “听到这个消息我很遗憾” 符合语境。 五、阅读对话，判断正 (T) 误 (F) 答案及解析 答案：1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 解析： 1. 原文妈妈说 “I was worried.”，可知王红出门时妈妈很担心，表述正确； 2. 原文王红说 “Yes, we were.”，可知她在公园很开心，表述错误； 3. 原文提到 “He was very excited.”，可知丹尼在公园很兴奋，表述正确； 4. 原文是丹尼丢了帽子，不是王红丢了英语书，表述错误； 5. 原文提到 “we helped him look for it”，可知他们帮丹尼找帽子了，表述正确。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $