Unit 1 Helping those in need 知识清单-2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了沪教版八年级下册Unit 1“Helping those in need”单元内容，涵盖单元主题目标、核心词汇、重点短语、句型语法及话题写作指导，搭建从基础语言要素积累到综合语用能力提升的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合与关联呈现构建完整知识体系，如核心词汇按词性分模块并附词性转换表，语法模块用表格详解动词不定式成分及用法，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。特别设计“the + 形容词”用法提示、动词辨析表及写作范例，不同基础学生可高效掌握要点，教师可据此设计分层教学活动，提升课堂实效。

沪教版八年级英语下册 Unit 1 Helping those in need 知识清单 一、单元主题与目标 主题范畴：人与社会 —— 志愿服务与社会责任 核心内容：通过三位青少年写的网络帖子，了解不同类型的志愿工作，探讨帮助他人的意义与价值 学习目标：能够说出不同类型的志愿工作，用英语谈论自己的志愿活动计划，解释为什么帮助他人对社会和个人都很重要 二、核心词汇 1. 名词（人物与身份） 英文 中文 英文 中文 volunteer 志愿者 elderly 老年人 disabled 残疾人 homeless 无家可归者 patient 病人 cancer 癌症 disease 疾病 pain 痛苦；苦恼 spirits 情绪；心境 joy 高兴；喜悦 permission 准许；许可 community 社区 service 服务 kindness 仁慈；善良 pleasure 愉快；乐事 effort 努力 注意： the + 形容词 表示某一类人：the elderly（老年人）、the disabled（残疾人）、the homeless（无家可归者）、the sick（病人） 这些短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 2. 动词 英文 中文 英文 中文 offer 主动提出 volunteer 自愿做 raise 筹集；提升 donate 捐赠 suffer 遭受 arrange 安排；布置 ease 减轻；缓解 ache 疼痛 belong 适应；合得来 lose 丧失；失去 3. 形容词 英文 中文 英文 中文 elderly 上了年纪的 serious 严重的 spare 空闲的 pleasant 令人愉快的 grateful 感激的 meaningful 有意义的 valuable 宝贵的 mighty 巨大的 4. 副词 英文 中文 seriously 严重地；严肃地 pleasantly 愉快地 painfully 痛苦地 5. 词性转换 动词/形容词 名词 其他形式 offer (v.) offer (n.) —— volunteer (v.) volunteer (n.) voluntary (adj.) suffer (v.) suffering (n.) —— cheer (v.) cheer (n.) cheerful (adj.) lose (v.) loss (n.) lost (adj.) raise (v.) —— —— donate (v.) donation (n.) donor (n.) pain (n.) —— painful (adj.) / painless (adj.) joy (n.) —— joyful (adj.) belong (v.) belonging(s) (n.) —— serious (adj.) —— seriously (adv.) pleasant (adj.) pleasure (n.) pleased (adj.) easy (adj.) ease (n./v.) easily (adv.) 重点词形变化： lose → lost → lost（过去式/过去分词） volunteer → voluntary（形容词：志愿的） permission（名词）→ permit（动词） 三、重点短语 1. 志愿工作类 英文 中文 voluntary work 志愿工作 community service 社区服务 raise money 筹款 donate sth. to sb. 向某人捐赠某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 2. 照顾与帮助类 英文 中文 look after / take care of 照顾；照料 care for 照顾；关心 suffer from 遭受；患……病 cheer sb. up 使某人高兴起来 raise one’s spirits 使某人振奋 in low spirits 情绪低落 in need 在危难中；有需要的 give sb. a hand 帮某人一把 3. 时间与空闲类 英文 中文 in one’s spare / free time 在某人的空闲时间 spare time 空闲时间 tidy up 收拾；整理 4. 其他重要短语 英文 中文 in order to 目的是；为了 in vain 徒劳无益 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 belong to 属于 ask for permission 请求许可 四、重点句型 1. 课文原句（三位青少年的志愿工作） 董丽丽的故事： I went to a hospital near my home. I organized a painting competition for the children there. 我去了家附近的一家医院。我为那里的孩子们组织了一场绘画比赛。 The children suffer from serious diseases. I wanted to cheer them up and raise their spirits. 这些孩子患有严重的疾病。我想让他们高兴起来，振奋他们的精神。 One of the children is Jin Ya. Painting pictures allows her to forget her pain for a while. 其中一个孩子是金雅。画画让她暂时忘记痛苦。 汪杰的故事： I went to a children’s home. The children there were lonely and sad. 我去了一个儿童之家。那里的孩子们孤独而悲伤。 I encouraged them to write stories from their imagination. 我鼓励他们从自己的想象中写出故事。 Their parents died in the earthquake. She is shy and lonely and she needs support. 他们的父母在地震中去世了。她很害羞、孤独，需要支持。 丁玲的故事： I taught disabled children to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教残疾儿童唱歌，因为音乐可以给他们带来快乐和平静。 He lost his legs in an accident. He was in pain because he couldn’t play football any more. 他在一次事故中失去了双腿。他很痛苦，因为他再也不能踢足球了。 2. 描述志愿工作的句型 What can we do to help those in need? 我们能做些什么来帮助有需要的人？ We can volunteer to look after the elderly in the community. 我们可以自愿去社区照顾老年人。 Many people donate money to charity to help homeless people. 很多人向慈善机构捐款来帮助无家可归的人。 She offered to teach the children English for free in the village. 她主动提出去村里免费教孩子们英语。 3. 表达感受与意义的句型 It’s meaningful to take part in community service activities. 参加社区服务活动是有意义的。 I am grateful to all the volunteers who helped me when I was in trouble. 我感激所有在我遇到困难时帮助我的志愿者。 Doing volunteer work can not only help others but also improve ourselves. 做志愿工作不仅能帮助别人，还能提升自己。 We need to make an effort to make the world a better place for everyone. 我们需要努力为每个人把世界变成一个更美好的地方。 五、语法知识：动词不定式（Infinitive） 1. 定义与形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，基本形式为 to + 动词原形，否定式为 not to + 动词原形。不定式在句中不能独立作谓语，但可以充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。 2. 不定式在句中的成分及用法 成分 位置 例句 说明 主语 句子开头 To help those in need is our duty. 作主语时常用it作形式主语：It is our duty to help those in need. 宾语 谓语动词后 She offers to help disabled people. 跟在某些及物动词后作宾语 宾语补足语 宾语后面 He encouraged me to join the team. 补充说明宾语的动作 状语 句首或句末 We study hard to get good grades. 主要作目的状语 定语 名词/代词后 Is there anything to eat? 修饰名词或代词 3. 常用接不定式作宾语的动词 以下动词后通常接 to do 作宾语： 类别 动词 意愿类 want, wish, hope, would like, offer, volunteer 计划类 plan, decide, agree, choose, arrange 开始类 begin, start, continue 其他 learn, promise, refuse, need 例句： She offered to drive us to the station.（她主动提出开车送我们去车站。） Many students volunteer to clean the park.（许多学生自愿打扫公园。） They decided to donate old books to the children.（他们决定把旧书捐给孩子们。） 4. 不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语是本单元的重点用法，表示“为了……”，可放在句首或句末。 位置 例句 句末（最常见） We raise money to help the poor. 句首（更强调） To help those in need, we organized a charity sale. 例句： We study hard to improve ourselves. To cheer them up, she told a funny story. 5. 不定式作宾语补足语 有些动词后可以用不定式作宾语补足语，结构为：动词 + 宾语 + to do 动词 例句 encourage My parents encouraged me to try again. allow Please allow me to introduce myself. tell He told me to wait here. ask She asked me to help her. 6. 省略to的不定式（动词原形） 在某些动词或句型后，不定式省略to，直接用动词原形： 类型 动词/结构 例句 使役动词 make, let, have Let me help you. 感官动词 see, hear, watch, notice I saw him enter the room. 帮助动词 help（可省略可保留） She helped me (to) clean the room. 口诀：一感（feel）、二听（hear, listen to）、三使（make, let, have）、四看（see, watch, notice, observe）、半帮助（help） 7. 常考不定式句型 句型 结构 例句 足够……去做…… 形容词 + enough + to do He is old enough to go to school. 太……而不能…… too + 形容词 + to do She is too young to understand. It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do 对某人来说做某事是……的 It is necessary to protect the environment. 特殊疑问词 + to do —— He wonders how to make this handcraft. 注意：It is + adj. + of sb. to do 中的形容词描述人的品质（kind, nice, clever, foolish等） 8. 单元应用例句 To help those in need, we can do voluntary work. I want to volunteer at a children’s home. She offered to teach the children to sing. It is meaningful to help the elderly. 9. 常见错误提醒 错误用法 正确用法 说明 I want help you. I want to help you. want后必须加to She offered me help. She offered to help me. offer to do sth. To study hard is important. It is important to study hard. 常用it作形式主语 I saw him to enter the room. I saw him enter the room. 感官动词后用省略to的不定式 六、重点词汇用法详解 1. offer 的用法 结构 含义 例句 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 She offered to drive us to the station. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物 He offered me a cup of tea. offer sth. to sb. 把某物提供给某人 He offered a cup of tea to me. 【辨析】 offer vs. provide： 单词 用法 含义侧重 offer offer sb. sth. / offer to do 主动提出（对方可能接受或拒绝） provide provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 提供（所需之物） 2. volunteer 的用法 词性 含义 用法 例句 动词 自愿做 volunteer to do sth. Many students volunteer to clean the park. 名词 志愿者 a volunteer He is a volunteer in the community service center. 形容词 志愿的 voluntary She does voluntary work every weekend. 3. raise 与 rise 的辨析 单词 词性 含义 例句 raise 及物动词 筹集；举起；提高 We are raising money to help the poor. rise 不及物动词 上升；升起 The sun rises in the east. 注意：raise 后必须接宾语（raise sth.），rise 不能接宾语。 4. suffer from 的用法 结构 含义 例句 suffer from + 疾病/问题 患……病；遭受…… The children suffer from serious diseases. 例句： Weak elderly people easily suffer from various illnesses. 5. cheer up 与 raise one’s spirits 短语 含义 例句 cheer sb. up 使某人高兴起来 I wanted to cheer them up. raise one’s spirits 使某人振奋 The good news raised our spirits. 反义短语：in low spirits（情绪低落） 6. belong to 的用法 用法 注意 例句 belong to + 名词/代词 to是介词，后接宾语 This school bag belongs to me. 注意： belong to 不能用于被动语态 belong to 不能用于进行时态 7. in need 的用法 结构 含义 例句 in need 有需要的；在穷困中的 We should help those in need. in need of 需要…… The old man is in need of help. 【辨析】 in need：侧重“有物质需求、生活困难” in trouble：侧重“遇到麻烦、困境” 8. permission 与 permit 单词 词性 用法 例句 permission 名词 ask for permission / without permission You must ask for permission before leaving. permit 动词 permit sb. to do sth. He was not permitted to enter the room. 七、话题写作指导 1. 话题词汇 类别 词汇 志愿活动 voluntary work, community service, raise money, donate, look after, cheer up 帮助对象 the elderly, the disabled, the homeless, the sick, children in need 品质意义 meaningful, valuable, helpful, kind, grateful, make a difference 2. 常用句型 介绍志愿计划： I plan to do some voluntary work in my spare time. I will volunteer to look after the elderly in the community. My classmates and I are going to raise money for the disabled children. 描述原因与目的： I want to help those in need because... The purpose is to cheer them up and raise their spirits. To help the homeless people, we can donate warm clothes to them. 表达感受与呼吁： Doing voluntary work is a meaningful experience. I am grateful for the chance to help others. Let’s make an effort to make the world a better place. 3. 写作范例 My Voluntary Work Plan Voluntary work is meaningful and valuable. It can not only help those in need but also improve ourselves. This weekend, I plan to do some voluntary work in my community. First, I will volunteer to look after the elderly in the nursing home. Many of them feel lonely because their children are busy working. I can talk with them, read newspapers to them, and help them tidy up their rooms. I want to cheer them up and bring them joy. Second, my classmates and I are going to raise money for the disabled children. We plan to organize a book fair at school. We will sell old books and donate the money to a local children’s hospital. Music can bring peace to these children, so we will also teach them to sing some simple songs. In my opinion, helping others is helping ourselves. When we see the smiles on their faces, we feel happy too. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. Let’s make an effort to make the world a better place for everyone! 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $