内容正文:
专题11
定语从句
2027版河北省(对口升学)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习课件
01
考情解码·命题预警
02
体系构建·思维可视
03
核心突破·靶向攻坚
04
真题溯源·考向感知
2
01
考情解码·命题预警
3
【复习目标】
考查类别 重点考查内容 复习目标
关系代词 1. who/whom:指人(who作主语/宾语,whom作宾语)
2. which:指物
3. that:指人或物
4. whose:指人或物,作定语(“……的”)
只用that的情况:先行词被最高级/序数词/the only/the very修饰,或为不定代词(all, everything等),或既有人又有物 能根据先行词(人/物)和从句中所缺成分,准确选择关系词,掌握只用that的特殊规则
关系副词 1. when:先行词为时间名词
2. where:先行词为地点名词或抽象名词(case, situation, point等)
3. why:先行词为reason 能判断从句是否缺状语,区分关系代词与关系副词
限制性与非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性:无逗号,关系词可用that
2. 非限制性:有逗号,不用that,不可省略,可修饰整个主句(which/as) 能识别逗号标志,掌握非限制性定语从句的关系词规则
介词+关系代词 结构:介词 + which(物)/ 介词 + whom(人)
介词选择依据:从句动词搭配或句意 能识别该结构并选择正确介词
02
体系构建·思维可视
6
03
核心突破·靶向攻坚
8
【考点1 关系代词】
关系代词 指代 在从句中的作用 例句(翻译)
who 人 主语 1. The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.
(正在和老师说话的那个人是我的父亲。)
2. The girl who I met yesterday is from Beijing.
(我昨天遇到的那个女孩来自北京。)
whom 人 宾语 1. The boy whom you saw is my brother.
(你看到的那个男孩是我的弟弟。)
2. The teacher to whom I spoke is very kind.
(我和他说话的那位老师很和蔼。)
which 物 主语、宾语 1. The book which is on the desk is mine.
(桌子上的那本书是我的。)
2. The film which we saw last night was interesting.
(我们昨晚看的那部电影很有趣。)
that 人或物 主语、宾语 1. He is the man that helped me.
(他就是帮助我的那个人。)
2. This is the house that I bought.
(这就是我买的房子。)
whose 人或物 定语(表示“……的”) 1. The girl whose hair is long is my sister.
(头发长长的那个女孩是我的妹妹。)
2. I like the book whose cover is red.
(我喜欢封面是红色的那本书。)
【即时训练】
1. The man ________ is standing by the door is my English teacher.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查关系代词指人作主语。句意:站在门边的那个人是我的英语老师。先行词 The man 指人,从句中缺少主语,用关系代词 who。故选 C。
2. This is the book ________ I bought yesterday.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查关系代词指物作宾语。句意:这是我昨天买的那本书。先行词 the book 指物,从句中 bought 缺少宾语,用关系代词 which(也可用 that)。故选 C。
3. The girl ________ hair is long is my cousin.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查 whose 表示“谁的”。句意:头发长长的那个女孩是我的表妹。先行词 The girl 与 hair 之间是所属关系,表示“女孩的头发”,用 whose 作定语。故选 B。
4. This is the best film ________ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查 that 的特殊用法。句意:这是我看过的最好的电影。先行词被最高级 the best 修饰,关系代词只能用 that,不能用 which。故选 B。
5. He talked about the people and things ________ interested him.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查 that 的特殊用法。句意:他谈到了让他感兴趣的人和事。先行词 the people and things 既有人又有物,关系代词只能用 that。故选 C。
【考点2 关系副词】
关系副词 在从句中的作用 例句(翻译)
when 时间状语 1. I still remember the day when I first met her.
(我仍然记得第一次见到她的那一天。)
2. October 1, 1949 was the day when New China was founded.
(1949年10月1日是新中国成立的那一天。)
where 地点状语 1. This is the school where I studied three years ago.
(这就是我三年前读过书的学校。)
2. We are in a situation where we need help.
(我们正处于需要帮助的境地。)
why 原因状语 1. Can you tell me the reason why you were late?
(你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗?)
2. That is the reason why I don't believe him.
(那就是我不相信他的原因。)
【即时训练】
1. This is the school ________ I studied three years ago.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查关系副词 where 的用法。句意:这就是我三年前读过书的学校。先行词 school 表示地点,从句 I studied 缺少地点状语(在学校),用 where。故选 B。
2. I will never forget the day ________ I joined the army.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查关系副词 when 的用法。句意:我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。先行词 the day 表示时间,从句 I joined the army 结构完整,缺少时间状语,用 when。故选 C。
3. Can you tell me the reason ________ you were late again?
A. which B. where C. when D. why
【答案】 D
【详解】 考查关系副词 why 的用法。句意:你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗?先行词 the reason 表示原因,从句 you were late again 结构完整,缺少原因状语,用 why。故选 D。
4. We are now in a situation ________ we must make a decision quickly.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查抽象地点 where 的用法。句意:我们现在正处于必须快速做出决定的境地。先行词 situation 是抽象地点名词,从句结构完整,用 where 作地点状语。故选 B。
5. This is the factory ________ produces toys for children.
A. where B. when C. which D. why
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查关系代词与关系副词的区分。句意:这就是为孩子们生产玩具的工厂。先行词 factory 指物,从句 produces toys 缺少主语,用关系代词 which(或 that)。这里不是缺状语,不能用 where。故选 C。
【考点3 that与which的区别】
类别 情况 例句(翻译)
只能用 that 1. 先行词被最高级修饰 This is the best film that I have ever seen.
(这是我看过的最好的电影。)
2. 先行词被序数词修饰 He is the first person that comes to school.
(他是第一个到学校的人。)
3. 先行词被 the only / the very / the same 修饰 You are the only person that can help me.
(你是唯一能帮助我的人。)
4. 先行词是不定代词(all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等) All that glitters is not gold.
(发光的不都是金子。)
5. 先行词既有人又有物 He talked about the people and things that he had seen.
(他谈到了他见到的人和事。)
6. 先行词被 all, any, every, no, some, much, little 修饰 I have read all the books that you lent me.
(你借给我的所有书我都读了。)
只能用 which 1. 非限制性定语从句(有逗号隔开) I have a car, which is very expensive.
(我有一辆车,它很贵。)
2. 介词之后(介词 + which) This is the room in which I lived.
(这就是我住过的房间。)
3. 先行词本身是 that I have that which you need.
(我有你需要的那个东西。)
【即时训练】
1. This is the best movie ________ I have ever watched.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查只能用 that 的情况。句意:这是我看过的最好的电影。先行词被最高级 the best 修饰,关系代词只能用 that,不能用 which。故选 B。
2. He is the only person ________ knows the truth.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查只能用 that 的情况。句意:他是唯一知道真相的人。先行词被 the only 修饰,关系代词用 that(指人时也可用 who,但本题选项中 that 更符合考查点,且 that 为最佳答案)。故选 C。
3. I have a new computer, ________ works very fast.
A. that B. who C. which D. whom
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查只能用 which 的情况(非限制性定语从句)。句意:我有一台新电脑,它运行得很快。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,关系代词不能用 that,只能用 which 指物。故选 C。
4. This is the house in ________ I lived ten years ago.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查只能用 which 的情况(介词之后)。句意:这就是十年前我住过的房子。介词 in 之后的关系代词指物,只能用 which,不能用 that。故选 B。
5. He talked about the people and things ________ moved him deeply.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查只能用 that 的情况(先行词既有人又有物)。句意:他谈到了深深打动他的那些人和事。先行词 the people and things 既有人又有物,关系代词只能用 that。故选 B。
【考点4 非限制性定语从句】
项目 要点说明 例句(翻译)
标点标志 用逗号与主句隔开 My father, who is 50 years old, is a teacher.
(我父亲50岁了,是一名老师。)
关系词选择 不用 that,不用 why;指人用 who/whom,指物用 which;表所属用 whose The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.
(这本书很有趣,是我昨天买的。)
关系词省略 关系词不能省略 He helped me, which was very kind of him.
(他帮助了我,这对他来说很友善。——which 不能省略)
【即时训练】
1. My brother, ________ is a doctor, works in a big hospital.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词选择。句意:我的哥哥是一名医生,他在一家大医院工作。逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词 My brother 指人,在从句中作主语,用 who,不能用 that。故选 C。
2. She failed the exam, ________ made her parents very disappointed.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【答案】 B
【详解】 考查 which 指代整个主句。句意:她考试不及格,这让她父母非常失望。which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句的内容。不能用 that。故选 B。
3. The house, ________ roof is red, belongs to my uncle.
A. which B. that C. whose D. who
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查非限制性定语从句中 whose 的用法。句意:那座房子,屋顶是红色的,属于我叔叔。先行词 The house 与 roof 是所属关系,用 whose 作定语。故选 C。
4. ________ is known to everyone, the earth moves around the sun.
A. Which B. That C. As D. What
【答案】 C
【详解】 考查 as 引导非限制性定语从句。句意:众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。As 引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首,意为“正如”。Which 不能位于句首指代整个主句。故选 C。
5. I met an old friend yesterday, ________ I hadn’t seen for ten years.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【答案】 D
【详解】 考查非限制性定语从句中指人作宾语。句意:昨天我遇到了一位老朋友,我已经十年没见过他了。先行词 an old friend 指人,在从句中作 hadn’t seen 的宾语,用 whom。不能用 that。故选 D。
04
真题溯源·考向感知
37
(2025年河北省对口升学考试第19题) My mother is a person ________ always supports my dreams.
A. who B. where C. which D. when
【答案】A
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我妈妈是一个总是支持我梦想的人。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为“person”,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,故填who。故选A。
(2023年河北省对口升学考试第25题) This is the best book ______ I have ever read.
A. whom B. who C. that D. which
(2023年河北省对口升学考试第25题) This is the best book ______ I have ever read.
A. whom B. who C. that D. which
(2022年河北省对口升学考试第20题)This is the most expensive computer _______ I have seen in the shopping mall.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
【答案】B
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:这是我在商场见过的最贵的电脑。分析句子结构可知,... I have seen in the shopping mall是一个定语从句,先行词computer表示物,且关系词在定语从句内部充当谓语动词see的宾语,所以关系词可以用which或that,而先行词前面有修饰词the most expensive,为形容词的最高级,该种情况下只能用that而不能用which。故选B。
(2021年河北省对口升学考试第20题) The city in _______ I’m living now is developing very fast.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
【答案】C
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我现在居住的城市发展得非常快。分析句子可知,此句的先行词是the city。因为横线前有介词in,所以介词短语“in which”形成“介词+关系代词”的结构,用于引导一个定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。故选C。
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