暑假作业08 must与have to及情态动词综合（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 该专项聚焦must与have to核心区别及情态动词综合运用，通过对比分析、时态匹配和易错警示构建系统方法体系，逻辑递进覆盖概念辨析至综合应用，提升语言理解与表达能力及分析比较思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |理论讲解|3对比表格+8例句|对比分析法（主客观/否定形式）、时态匹配法（have to多时态）、易错警示法（mustn't与don't have to混淆）|从must与have to核心区别切入，扩展至其他情态动词基础用法，结合易错点形成“概念-规则-应用”递进链条| |题型训练|单选10/完成句子10/完形10/阅读20/回答问题5|情境对应法（根据语境选情态动词）、语法转换法（肯定/否定/疑问句式）|通过多样题型实现从基础辨析到语篇综合运用的能力迁移，强化知识应用的准确性与灵活性|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业08 must与have to及情态动词综合 一、must 与 have to 的肯定形式区别 情态动词 含义 用法 例句 must 必须 主观必要性（说话人认为必须） I must finish my homework today.（我自己认为必须） have to 不得不 客观必要性（外界规定/情况迫使） I have to finish my homework today.（老师要求必须） 二、否定形式本质区别（高频易错） 否定形式 含义 例句 mustn't 禁止，绝对不允许 You mustn't run in the hallways.（禁止跑） don't have to 不必，不需要 You don't have to come early.（不必早来） 三、时态形式差异 1. have to：有多种时态形式 一般现在时：has to（三单）/have to 一般过去时：had to 一般将来时：will have to I have to hand in the book review on Friday. 2. must：只有一般现在时，过去的客观必要性用 had to 错误：I must get up early yesterday. 正确：I had to get up early yesterday. 四、补充情态动词基础用法 1. can/could：表能力（现在 / 过去）；表委婉请求 I can swim. / Could you please help me? 2. may/might：表许可；表推测（可能性较小） May I come in? / It might rain tomorrow. 五、易错易混概念 1. 混淆 mustn't（禁止）和 don't have to（不必） 错误：You mustn't finish it today. You can do it tomorrow. 正确：You don't have to finish it today. 2. 过去的客观必要性误用 must must 表推测时，反义疑问句用法错误 He must be at home, isn't he?（不用 mustn't he） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Tom, you ______ run in the science lab. It's dangerous. —Sorry, Mr. Smith. I won't do it again. A. don't have to B. mustn't C. needn't D. can 【答案】B 【解析】句意：汤姆，你不许在科学实验室里跑，这很危险。考查情态动词表禁止的用法。mustn't 表示 “禁止、不许”，符合 “实验室跑步危险” 的警告语境；don't have to/needn't 意为 “不必”，can 意为 “能够”，均不符合。 2. We ______ wear school uniforms on Monday. It's our school rule. A. have to B. must C. can D. may 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们周一必须穿校服，这是我们的校规。考查 have to 与 must 的区别。have to 强调因客观规定（如校规）而 “不得不” 做某事；must 强调说话人的主观看法。此处校规是客观要求，故用 have to。 3. —I feel really tired. —You ______ go to bed early tonight and have a good rest. A. have to B. must C. don't have to D. mustn't 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 我感觉特别累。—— 你今晚必须早点睡觉，好好休息。考查情态动词表强烈建议的用法。must 可用于表达对他人的强烈建议，符合对方疲惫需要休息的语境；have to 强调客观被迫，不符合建议的语气。 4. Yesterday I ______ stay at home to look after my little sister because my parents had to work. A. must B. have to C. had to D. must have to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：昨天我不得不待在家里照顾我的小妹妹，因为我父母必须去上班。考查 have to 的过去式。yesterday 表明是过去时间，must 没有过去式，表达过去的客观 “不得不” 需用 had to。 5. —______ I borrow your dictionary? Mine is at home. —Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Should C. May D. Need 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—— 我可以借你的字典吗？我的落在家里了。—— 当然，给你。考查情态动词表委婉请求的用法。May I...? 是礼貌地请求许可的固定句型，符合借东西的语境。 6. You ______ finish the report today. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't D. shouldn't 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你不必今天完成这份报告，你可以后天交。考查情态动词表 “不必” 的用法。don't have to 意为 “不必”，与后文 “可以后天交” 语义一致；mustn't 表禁止，can't 表不能，shouldn't 表不应该，均不符合。 7. The light in his room is on. He ______ be at home now. A. can B. must C. might D. could 【答案】B 【解析】句意：他房间的灯亮着，他现在一定在家。考查情态动词表肯定推测的用法。must be 表示有依据的、可能性极大的肯定推测，符合 “灯亮着” 的依据；can 表推测多用于否定 / 疑问句，might/could 可能性较低。 8. —______ you play the guitar when you were 7 years old? —No, I couldn't. I started to learn it last year. A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 你 7 岁的时候会弹吉他吗？—— 不，我不会。我去年才开始学。考查 can 的过去式表过去能力。when you were 7 表明是过去时间，表达过去的能力用 could。 9. Next month we ______ take a math test. All the students in Grade 8 must take it. A. will have to B. must C. had to D. have to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：下个月我们将不得不参加一场数学考试，所有八年级学生都必须参加。考查 have to 的将来时。next month 表明是将来时间，must 没有将来式，表达将来的客观义务需用 will have to。 10. —Must I clean the classroom right now? —No, you ______. You can clean it after class. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't D. shouldn't 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 我必须现在打扫教室吗？—— 不，你不必。你可以课后打扫。考查 must 引导疑问句的否定回答。must 提问时，否定回答用 don't have to/needn't 表示 “不必”；mustn't 表禁止，不符合语境。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 We ______ ______ the traffic rules. 【答案】must follow 【解析】必须” 用情态动词must表示，强调主观上的责任和义务。情态动词后必须接动词原形，“遵守（规则）” 的固定搭配是follow the rules，故填 follow。 2. 她不得不每天早上六点起床赶早班车。 She ______ ______ get up at 6:00 every morning to catch the early bus. 【答案】has to 【解析】“不得不” 用have to表示，强调客观条件迫使的必要性（如赶早班车是客观要求）。主语 She 是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，have 要变为第三人称单数形式has。 3. 你不可以在图书馆里大声说话。 You ______ ______ loudly in the library. 【答案】mustn’t speak 【解析】“不可以 / 禁止” 用mustn't（must 的否定形式），语气较强，用于表达明令禁止的行为。情态动词否定式后仍接动词原形，“说话” 用speak（强调发出声音的动作）。 4. 他们不必今天完成这项工作。 They ______ ______ ______ finish the work today. 【答案】don’t have to 【解析】“不必” 不能用 mustn't（mustn't 表 “禁止”，语义不符），要用don't/doesn't have to。主语 They 是复数，句子为一般现在时，助动词用don't，后接动词原形 have。 5. He could swim when he was five years old.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ he swim when he was five years old? —No, he ______. 【答案】Could; couldn’t 【解析】原句中could是 can 的过去式，用于描述过去的能力。含情态动词 could 的句子变一般疑问句时，直接将 could 提前到句首。否定回答用 “No, 主语 + couldn't”，是固定格式。 6. You must arrive at the airport two hours early.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ arrive at the airport two hours early. 【答案】need not 【解析】must 表 “必须” 时，其否定形式有两种：mustn't：表 “禁止、不准”；needn't：表 “不必、不需要”。本句句意是 “你不必提前两小时到机场”，表 “不必”，故用 need not。 7. They had to stay at home because it rained heavily.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ to stay at home? 【答案】Why did; have 【解析】划线部分是 because 引导的原因状语从句，对原因提问用疑问词Why。原句中had to是 have to 的过去式，变疑问句需借助助动词did，且助动词后动词要变回原形have。 8. May I use your mobile phone?（作否定回答） No, you ______. / I'm afraid you ______. 【答案】can’t; can’t 【解析】May I...? 用于请求许可，其否定回答不能用 may not（语气过于生硬、正式）。常用can't表示 “不可以”，或用委婉表达 “I'm afraid you can't”（恐怕不行）。 9. She must be a doctor, ______ ______?（完成反意疑问句） 【答案】isn’t she 【解析】本句中must不是表 “必须”，而是表推测（意为 “一定”）。当 must 表推测时，反意疑问句的助动词由 must 后面的动词决定。本句 must 后是 be 动词 is（对现在情况的推测），主语是 she，故反意疑问句用isn't she。 10. We will have to finish the project by next Friday.（改为一般疑问句） ______ we ______ ______ finish the project by next Friday? 【答案】Will; have to 【解析】原句是一般将来时（will + 动词原形），will have to表示 “将来不得不做某事”。变一般疑问句时，直接将助动词Will提前到句首，主语后的have to保持原形不变。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Our School Project on Environmental Protection Last week, our teacher told us that we 1 take part in a school project on environmental protection. Each group 2 finish a small project about how to protect our school environment. I was in Group 3. We 3 decide what to do first. After discussion, we chose to make a survey about students' habits of throwing rubbish. We 4 ask at least 50 students different questions. We also 5 take photos of the dirty corners in our school to show the problems. When we did the survey, we found that many students didn't know that they 6 throw rubbish everywhere. Some even said, "There are cleaners, so we 7 care about it." We were really surprised to hear that. After finishing the survey, we 8 make a report and give a speech to the whole grade. We told our classmates that everyone 9 do something to protect the environment. We also said that we 10 keep our school clean and beautiful together. 1. A. must B. have to C. had to D. could 2. A. must B. have to C. had to D. can 3. A. must B. had to C. have to D. can 4. A. must B. had to C. have to D. should 5. A. must B. had to C. have to D. will have to 6. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. can't 7. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't D. shouldn't 8. A. must B. had to C. have to D. will have to 9. A. must B. had to C. have to D. can 10. A. must B. had to C. have to D. should 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周所在班级开展校园环保项目的完整经历。文章围绕小组完成垃圾投放习惯调查、发现问题并通过年级演讲呼吁全体同学共同保护校园环境展开，体现了环保责任的重要性。 1. 句意：上周，老师告诉我们必须参加学校的环保项目。解析：last week 表明用过去时态；老师布置任务属于客观要求，用 have to 的过去式 had to。 2. 句意：每个小组都必须完成一个关于如何保护校园环境的小项目。解析：同上，过去的客观任务要求，用 had to。 3. 句意：我们不得不先决定要做什么。解析：因被分配项目任务，客观上必须先确定方向，过去时态用 had to。 4. 句意：我们必须询问至少 50 名学生不同的问题。解析：这是完成调查项目的客观要求，过去发生的动作，用 had to。 5. 句意：我们还必须拍摄学校脏乱角落的照片来展示问题。解析：同上，属于项目的必要环节，过去时态用 had to。 6. 句意：我们发现很多学生不知道他们不能到处乱扔垃圾。解析：表 “禁止、不许” 乱扔垃圾，用 mustn't。 7. 句意：有清洁工，所以我们不必在意这件事。解析：直接引语用一般现在时，表 “不必”，用 don't have to。 8. 句意：完成调查后，我们必须写一份报告并给全年级做演讲。解析：项目的后续要求，过去发生的客观义务，用 had to。 9. 句意：我们告诉同学们，每个人都必须为保护环境做些事。解析：演讲中强调环保是每个人的责任，用 must 表主观上的强烈要求与呼吁。 10. 句意：我们还说，我们应该一起保持校园干净美丽。解析：提出共同倡议，用 should 表委婉的建议与责任，语气比 must 更合适。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A School Library Rules Welcome to our school library! To make sure everyone can enjoy reading here, you must follow these rules: You must show your student ID card when you enter the library. You can borrow 3 books at a time. You have to return them in 2 weeks. If you can't return them on time, you have to come to the library to renew them. You mustn't eat or drink in the library. You mustn't talk loudly or run in the library. You mustn't take books out of the library without borrowing them. You have to keep the books clean. If you damage a book, you have to pay for it. If you break any of these rules, you may not be allowed to borrow books for a month. 1. What must you show when you enter the library? A. Your homework. B. Your student ID card. C. Your library card. D. Your textbook. 2. How many books can you borrow at a time? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3. If you can't return the books on time, what do you have to do? A. Pay for them. B. Renew them at the library. C. Throw them away. D. Buy new ones. 4. Which of the following is NOT allowed in the library? A. Reading quietly. B. Borrowing books. C. Eating snacks. D. Studying. 5. What may happen if you break the rules? A. You have to leave the school. B. You can't borrow books for a month. C. You have to clean the library. D. You will get a prize. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 【解析】这是一篇应用文（图书馆规则告示）。文章旨在告知读者学校图书馆的各项借阅与行为规范，明确了读者需履行的义务、享有的权利以及违规后的处罚措施，以保障所有读者都能拥有良好的阅读环境。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文 “You must show your student ID card when you enter the library.” 可知，进入图书馆必须出示学生证，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文 “You can borrow 3 books at a time.” 可知，读者一次最多可借阅 3 本书，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据原文 “If you can't return them on time, you have to come to the library to renew them.” 可知，无法按时还书时需到图书馆办理续借，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据原文 “You mustn't eat or drink in the library.” 可知，图书馆内禁止吃喝，吃零食属于不被允许的行为，故选 C。 5. 细节理解题。根据原文 “If you break any of these rules, you may not be allowed to borrow books for a month.” 可知，违反规则可能会被禁止借书一个月，故选 B。 B A Day at the Museum Last Saturday, I went to the City Science Museum with my classmates. We had a great time there. When we arrived, the guide told us that we mustn't touch the exhibits. Some exhibits are very expensive and easy to break. We also had to follow the guide and not run around. We saw many interesting things. We saw a robot that could play chess with people. We also saw a model of the solar system. The guide told us that we could ask questions at any time. At noon, we had lunch in the museum restaurant. The guide said we mustn't take food into the exhibition halls. After lunch, we watched a 4D movie about dinosaurs. It was really exciting! Before we left, we had to write a short report about what we learned. Our teacher said we must hand it in on Monday. I think I learned a lot from this trip. 1. Where did the writer go last Saturday? A. The City History Museum. B. The City Science Museum. C. The City Art Museum. D. The City Natural History Museum. 2. What mustn't the students do in the museum? A. Touch the exhibits. B. Ask questions. C. Watch movies. D. Write reports. 3. What could the robot do? A. Play basketball. B. Play chess. C. Sing songs. D. Dance. 4. Where did they have lunch? A. In the exhibition hall. B. In the museum restaurant. C. In the classroom. D. At home. 5. What did they have to do before they left? A. Take photos of the exhibits. B. Buy some souvenirs. C. Write a short report. D. Clean the museum. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记录了作者上周六和同学们一起参观市科学博物馆的一天，依次介绍了博物馆的参观规则、看到的有趣展品、午餐安排以及离开前需要完成的任务，展现了一次充实且有收获的博物馆之旅。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文 “Last Saturday, I went to the City Science Museum with my classmates.” 可知，作者上周六去了市科学博物馆，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文 “When we arrived, the guide told us that we mustn't touch the exhibits.” 可知，学生们在博物馆禁止触摸展品，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据原文 “We saw a robot that could play chess with people.” 可知，这个机器人会和人下棋，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据原文 “At noon, we had lunch in the museum restaurant.” 可知，他们在博物馆餐厅吃了午饭，故选 B。 5. 细节理解题。根据原文 “Before we left, we had to write a short report about what we learned.” 可知，离开前他们必须写一篇简短的报告，故选 C。 C How to Stay Safe Online Nowadays, many students use the Internet every day. The Internet can help us study and make friends, but it can also be dangerous. Here are some rules to help you stay safe online: You mustn't give your personal information to strangers online. This includes your name, address, phone number and school name. You mustn't meet anyone you met online alone. If you want to meet them, you have to go with your parents or an adult you trust. You have to be careful with emails from people you don't know. Don't open them or click on any links in them. You mustn't share your passwords with anyone except your parents. If you see something bad online, you must tell your parents or teachers right away. Remember: the Internet is a good place, but you have to use it safely. 1. What is the main idea of this passage? A. How to study online. B. How to make friends online. C. How to stay safe online. D. How to use the Internet for fun. 2. Which of the following is your personal information? A. Your hobby. B. Your favorite color. C. Your phone number. D. Your favorite book. 3. If you want to meet someone you met online, what do you have to do? A. Go alone. B. Go with your friends. C. Go with your parents. D. Don't meet them at all. 4. What mustn't you do with your passwords? A. Share them with your parents. B. Share them with your classmates. C. Keep them secret. D. Change them often. 5. What should you do if you see something bad online? A. Keep it to yourself. B. Tell your friends. C. Tell your parents or teachers. D. Click on it to see more. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文（网络安全指南）。文章指出互联网在带来便利的同时也存在安全隐患，并详细介绍了五条保护学生上网安全的具体规则，旨在引导学生正确、安全地使用互联网。 1. 主旨大意题。根据文章标题及全文围绕 “网络安全规则” 展开的内容可知，本文主旨是介绍如何安全上网，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文 “This includes your name, address, phone number and school name.” 可知，电话号码属于个人信息，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据原文 “If you want to meet them, you have to go with your parents or an adult you trust.” 可知，见网友需和父母一起，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据原文 “You mustn't share your passwords with anyone except your parents.” 可知，不能将密码分享给除父母外的任何人（包括同学），故选 B。 5. 细节理解题。根据原文 “If you see something bad online, you must tell your parents or teachers right away.” 可知，看到不良内容应告诉父母或老师，故选 C。 D The Tradition of Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. On this day, people have many traditions. The most famous one is dragon boat racing. Dragon boats are long and narrow boats with a dragon head at the front. Teams of people row the boats as fast as they can. The winners can get prizes. Another tradition is eating zongzi. Zongzi are rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves. There are different kinds of zongzi. Some have meat in them, some have beans and dates. People also hang mugwort (艾草) and calamus (菖蒲) on their doors. They believe these plants can keep bad luck away. At Dragon Boat Festival, people must remember Qu Yuan, a great poet in ancient China. He loved his country very much. When his country was in danger, he jumped into the Miluo River and died. People threw zongzi into the river to stop the fish from eating his body. Now, Dragon Boat Festival is a public holiday in China. People have a three-day holiday to celebrate it. 1. When is Dragon Boat Festival? A. On the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. B. On the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. C. On the 1st day of the 1st lunar month. D. On the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. 2. What is the most famous tradition of Dragon Boat Festival? A. Eating zongzi. B. Dragon boat racing. C. Hanging mugwort and calamus. D. Remembering Qu Yuan. 3. What are zongzi wrapped in? A. Paper. B. Cloth. C. Bamboo leaves. D. Plastic bags. 4. Why do people throw zongzi into the Miluo River? A. To feed the fish. B. To stop the fish from eating Qu Yuan's body. C. To wish for good luck. D. To celebrate the festival. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Dragon Boat Festival is only celebrated in China. B. All zongzi have meat in them. C. Qu Yuan was a great poet who loved his country. D. People have a five-day holiday for Dragon Boat Festival. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国最重要的传统节日之一端午节，依次讲述了端午节的时间、赛龙舟、吃粽子、挂艾草菖蒲等核心传统习俗，以及节日纪念爱国诗人屈原的历史由来和如今的放假安排，清晰展现了端午节的文化内涵与现代意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文 “It falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month.” 可知，端午节在农历五月初五，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文 “The most famous one is dragon boat racing.” 可知，端午节最著名的传统活动是赛龙舟，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据原文 “Zongzi are rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves.” 可知，粽子是用竹叶包裹的，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据原文 “People threw zongzi into the river to stop the fish from eating his body.” 可知，人们往汨罗江扔粽子是为了阻止鱼啃食屈原的身体，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。A 项原文未提及端午节仅在中国庆祝；B 项与 “有不同种类的粽子，有的含肉、有的含豆子和红枣” 矛盾；C 项可由原文 “a great poet in ancient China. He loved his country very much.” 直接推出；D 项与 “三天假期” 不符，故选 C。 一、回答问题： 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。1-4题字数不超过10词，第5题字数不超过20词。 Our Class Project: A Green School Our class is doing a project called "A Green School". We want to make our school more environmentally friendly. First, we made a survey about the problems in our school. We found that there was too much rubbish in the playground and classrooms. Many students didn't turn off the lights when they left the classroom. Also, the taps were often left running. To solve these problems, we have made some rules. First, everyone must put rubbish into the correct bins. We have different bins for paper, plastic and other waste. Second, students must turn off the lights and computers when they leave the classroom. Third, we have to turn off the taps after using them. We also have some other plans. We are going to plant more trees and flowers in our school. We will make posters to tell other students about the importance of protecting the environment. We will also have a "No Car Day" once a month. On that day, students and teachers have to walk or ride bikes to school. Our teacher says we must work together to make our school green. We believe that if everyone does their part, our school will become more and more beautiful. 1. What is the name of the class project? 2. What problems did they find in their school? 3. What must students do when they leave the classroom? 4. What will they do to tell other students about environmental protection? 5. Do you think their project will be successful? Why or why not? 【答案】 1. A Green School. 2. Too much rubbish, lights and taps left on. 3. Turn off the lights and computers. 4. Make posters. 5. Yes. Because they have clear rules and practical plans. 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了班级开展的 “绿色学校” 环保项目，依次讲述了项目前期发现的校园环境问题、制定的针对性解决规则，以及后续的植树、办海报、设立 “无车日” 等计划，倡导全体师生共同建设绿色校园。 1. 题目意思：班级项目的名称是什么？解析：根据原文 “Our class is doing a project called 'A Green School'.” 得出答案。 2. 题目意思：他们在学校发现了什么问题？解析：根据原文第二段提到的操场教室垃圾多、忘关灯、水龙头常流水得出答案。 3. 题目意思：学生离开教室时必须做什么？解析：根据原文 “students must turn off the lights and computers when they leave the classroom” 得出答案。 4. 题目意思：他们会做什么来告诉其他学生环保知识？解析：根据原文 “We will make posters to tell other students about the importance of protecting the environment” 得出答案。 5. 题目意思：你认为他们的项目会成功吗？为什么？解析：开放性问题，结合原文他们有明确的规则和切实可行的计划，给出合理理由即可。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业08 must与have to及情态动词综合 一、must 与 have to 的肯定形式区别 情态动词 含义 用法 例句 must 必须 主观必要性（说话人认为必须） I must finish my homework today.（我自己认为必须） have to 不得不 客观必要性（外界规定/情况迫使） I have to finish my homework today.（老师要求必须） 二、否定形式本质区别（高频易错） 否定形式 含义 例句 mustn't 禁止，绝对不允许 You mustn't run in the hallways.（禁止跑） don't have to 不必，不需要 You don't have to come early.（不必早来） 三、时态形式差异 1. have to：有多种时态形式 一般现在时：has to（三单）/have to 一般过去时：had to 一般将来时：will have to I have to hand in the book review on Friday. 2. must：只有一般现在时，过去的客观必要性用 had to 错误：I must get up early yesterday. 正确：I had to get up early yesterday. 四、补充情态动词基础用法 1. can/could：表能力（现在 / 过去）；表委婉请求 I can swim. / Could you please help me? 2. may/might：表许可；表推测（可能性较小） May I come in? / It might rain tomorrow. 五、易错易混概念 1. 混淆 mustn't（禁止）和 don't have to（不必） 错误：You mustn't finish it today. You can do it tomorrow. 正确：You don't have to finish it today. 2. 过去的客观必要性误用 must must 表推测时，反义疑问句用法错误 He must be at home, isn't he?（不用 mustn't he） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Tom, you ______ run in the science lab. It's dangerous. —Sorry, Mr. Smith. I won't do it again. A. don't have to B. mustn't C. needn't D. can 2. We ______ wear school uniforms on Monday. It's our school rule. A. have to B. must C. can D. may 3. —I feel really tired. —You ______ go to bed early tonight and have a good rest. A. have to B. must C. don't have to D. mustn't 4. Yesterday I ______ stay at home to look after my little sister because my parents had to work. A. must B. have to C. had to D. must have to 5. —______ I borrow your dictionary? Mine is at home. —Sure, here you are. A. Must B. Should C. May D. Need 6. You ______ finish the report today. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't D. shouldn't 7. The light in his room is on. He ______ be at home now. A. can B. must C. might D. could 8. —______ you play the guitar when you were 7 years old? —No, I couldn't. I started to learn it last year. A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should 9. Next month we ______ take a math test. All the students in Grade 8 must take it. A. will have to B. must C. had to D. have to 10. —Must I clean the classroom right now? —No, you ______. You can clean it after class. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't D. shouldn't 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 我们必须遵守交通规则。 We ______ ______ the traffic rules. 2. 她不得不每天早上六点起床赶早班车。 She ______ ______ get up at 6:00 every morning to catch the early bus. 3. 你不可以在图书馆里大声说话。 You ______ ______ loudly in the library. 4. 他们不必今天完成这项工作。 They ______ ______ ______ finish the work today. 5. He could swim when he was five years old.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ he swim when he was five years old? —No, he ______. 6. You must arrive at the airport two hours early.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ arrive at the airport two hours early. 7. They had to stay at home because it rained heavily.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______ to stay at home? 8. May I use your mobile phone?（作否定回答） No, you ______. / I'm afraid you ______. 9. She must be a doctor, ______ ______?（完成反意疑问句） 10. We will have to finish the project by next Friday.（改为一般疑问句） ______ we ______ ______ finish the project by next Friday? 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Our School Project on Environmental Protection Last week, our teacher told us that we 1 take part in a school project on environmental protection. Each group 2 finish a small project about how to protect our school environment. I was in Group 3. We 3 decide what to do first. After discussion, we chose to make a survey about students' habits of throwing rubbish. We 4 ask at least 50 students different questions. We also 5 take photos of the dirty corners in our school to show the problems. When we did the survey, we found that many students didn't know that they 6 throw rubbish everywhere. Some even said, "There are cleaners, so we 7 care about it." We were really surprised to hear that. After finishing the survey, we 8 make a report and give a speech to the whole grade. We told our classmates that everyone 9 do something to protect the environment. We also said that we 10 keep our school clean and beautiful together. 1. A. must B. have to C. had to D. could 2. A. must B. have to C. had to D. can 3. A. must B. had to C. have to D. can 4. A. must B. had to C. have to D. should 5. A. must B. had to C. have to D. will have to 6. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. can't 7. A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't D. shouldn't 8. A. must B. had to C. have to D. will have to 9. A. must B. had to C. have to D. can 10. A. must B. had to C. have to D. should 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A School Library Rules Welcome to our school library! To make sure everyone can enjoy reading here, you must follow these rules: You must show your student ID card when you enter the library. You can borrow 3 books at a time. You have to return them in 2 weeks. If you can't return them on time, you have to come to the library to renew them. You mustn't eat or drink in the library. You mustn't talk loudly or run in the library. You mustn't take books out of the library without borrowing them. You have to keep the books clean. If you damage a book, you have to pay for it. If you break any of these rules, you may not be allowed to borrow books for a month. 1. What must you show when you enter the library? A. Your homework. B. Your student ID card. C. Your library card. D. Your textbook. 2. How many books can you borrow at a time? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3. If you can't return the books on time, what do you have to do? A. Pay for them. B. Renew them at the library. C. Throw them away. D. Buy new ones. 4. Which of the following is NOT allowed in the library? A. Reading quietly. B. Borrowing books. C. Eating snacks. D. Studying. 5. What may happen if you break the rules? A. You have to leave the school. B. You can't borrow books for a month. C. You have to clean the library. D. You will get a prize. B A Day at the Museum Last Saturday, I went to the City Science Museum with my classmates. We had a great time there. When we arrived, the guide told us that we mustn't touch the exhibits. Some exhibits are very expensive and easy to break. We also had to follow the guide and not run around. We saw many interesting things. We saw a robot that could play chess with people. We also saw a model of the solar system. The guide told us that we could ask questions at any time. At noon, we had lunch in the museum restaurant. The guide said we mustn't take food into the exhibition halls. After lunch, we watched a 4D movie about dinosaurs. It was really exciting! Before we left, we had to write a short report about what we learned. Our teacher said we must hand it in on Monday. I think I learned a lot from this trip. 1. Where did the writer go last Saturday? A. The City History Museum. B. The City Science Museum. C. The City Art Museum. D. The City Natural History Museum. 2. What mustn't the students do in the museum? A. Touch the exhibits. B. Ask questions. C. Watch movies. D. Write reports. 3. What could the robot do? A. Play basketball. B. Play chess. C. Sing songs. D. Dance. 4. Where did they have lunch? A. In the exhibition hall. B. In the museum restaurant. C. In the classroom. D. At home. 5. What did they have to do before they left? A. Take photos of the exhibits. B. Buy some souvenirs. C. Write a short report. D. Clean the museum. C How to Stay Safe Online Nowadays, many students use the Internet every day. The Internet can help us study and make friends, but it can also be dangerous. Here are some rules to help you stay safe online: You mustn't give your personal information to strangers online. This includes your name, address, phone number and school name. You mustn't meet anyone you met online alone. If you want to meet them, you have to go with your parents or an adult you trust. You have to be careful with emails from people you don't know. Don't open them or click on any links in them. You mustn't share your passwords with anyone except your parents. If you see something bad online, you must tell your parents or teachers right away. Remember: the Internet is a good place, but you have to use it safely. 1. What is the main idea of this passage? A. How to study online. B. How to make friends online. C. How to stay safe online. D. How to use the Internet for fun. 2. Which of the following is your personal information? A. Your hobby. B. Your favorite color. C. Your phone number. D. Your favorite book. 3. If you want to meet someone you met online, what do you have to do? A. Go alone. B. Go with your friends. C. Go with your parents. D. Don't meet them at all. 4. What mustn't you do with your passwords? A. Share them with your parents. B. Share them with your classmates. C. Keep them secret. D. Change them often. 5. What should you do if you see something bad online? A. Keep it to yourself. B. Tell your friends. C. Tell your parents or teachers. D. Click on it to see more. D The Tradition of Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. It falls on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. On this day, people have many traditions. The most famous one is dragon boat racing. Dragon boats are long and narrow boats with a dragon head at the front. Teams of people row the boats as fast as they can. The winners can get prizes. Another tradition is eating zongzi. Zongzi are rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves. There are different kinds of zongzi. Some have meat in them, some have beans and dates. People also hang mugwort (艾草) and calamus (菖蒲) on their doors. They believe these plants can keep bad luck away. At Dragon Boat Festival, people must remember Qu Yuan, a great poet in ancient China. He loved his country very much. When his country was in danger, he jumped into the Miluo River and died. People threw zongzi into the river to stop the fish from eating his body. Now, Dragon Boat Festival is a public holiday in China. People have a three-day holiday to celebrate it. 1. When is Dragon Boat Festival? A. On the 5th day of the 5th lunar month. B. On the 15th day of the 8th lunar month. C. On the 1st day of the 1st lunar month. D. On the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. 2. What is the most famous tradition of Dragon Boat Festival? A. Eating zongzi. B. Dragon boat racing. C. Hanging mugwort and calamus. D. Remembering Qu Yuan. 3. What are zongzi wrapped in? A. Paper. B. Cloth. C. Bamboo leaves. D. Plastic bags. 4. Why do people throw zongzi into the Miluo River? A. To feed the fish. B. To stop the fish from eating Qu Yuan's body. C. To wish for good luck. D. To celebrate the festival. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Dragon Boat Festival is only celebrated in China. B. All zongzi have meat in them. C. Qu Yuan was a great poet who loved his country. D. People have a five-day holiday for Dragon Boat Festival. 一、回答问题： 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。1-4题字数不超过10词，第5题字数不超过20词。 Our Class Project: A Green School Our class is doing a project called "A Green School". We want to make our school more environmentally friendly. First, we made a survey about the problems in our school. We found that there was too much rubbish in the playground and classrooms. Many students didn't turn off the lights when they left the classroom. Also, the taps were often left running. To solve these problems, we have made some rules. First, everyone must put rubbish into the correct bins. We have different bins for paper, plastic and other waste. Second, students must turn off the lights and computers when they leave the classroom. Third, we have to turn off the taps after using them. We also have some other plans. We are going to plant more trees and flowers in our school. We will make posters to tell other students about the importance of protecting the environment. We will also have a "No Car Day" once a month. On that day, students and teachers have to walk or ride bikes to school. Our teacher says we must work together to make our school green. We believe that if everyone does their part, our school will become more and more beautiful. 1. What is the name of the class project? 2. What problems did they find in their school? 3. What must students do when they leave the classroom? 4. What will they do to tell other students about environmental protection? 5. Do you think their project will be successful? Why or why not? 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $