内容正文:
期末临考押题书面表达16篇
(Units1-8单元话题)
单元
单元话题
Unit 1 Time to Relax
休闲活动
Unit 2 Stay Healthy
健康
Unit 3 Growing Up
成长经历
Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature
自然界奇观
Unit 5 Nature's Temper
自然灾害
Unit 6 Crossing Cultures
跨文化交际
Unit 7 A Good Read
阅读与书籍
Unit 8 Making a Difference
助人奉献
本资料共16篇专题训练,从上到下每单元依次对应2篇单元话题专题训练
1.你的英国笔友Tom写信询问你平时如何放松,因为他最近学习压力很大。请你根据以下要点给他写回信:
1. 说明中国学生也面临学习压力;
2. 介绍你平时的放松方式(至少两种);
3. 推荐Tom尝试一到两种放松方法并说明原因;
4. 邀请他分享自己的放松方式。
要求:1. 文章必须包含所提供的主要信息,并适当发挥;2. 词数90左右,文章的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3. 文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. I’m sorry to hear that you’re feeling stressed these days.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope these suggestions can help you. Please share your own ways of relaxing with me. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
2.兴趣如同指引我们前行的星光,让我们在热爱中发现更好的自己。假如你是李华,你校英语社团即将组织一场以“My favourite hobby”为题的英语演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿参赛。
要求:
1. 文中须包含导图所提示信息,可适当发挥;
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3. 词数80左右。
My favourite hobby
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.为响应“体重管理年”的号召,请你根据以下提示用英语写一份倡议书,向大家介绍养成健康习惯的方法。
要点:
1.运动方面:打篮球、跑步等体育活动,并持之以恒;
2.饮食方面:坚持良好的饮食习惯;
3.睡眠方面:规律作息。
要求:
1.文中须包含要点所提示信息,可适当发挥;
2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。
I call on everyone to develop healthy habits. Let’s start with three key points.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.
4.假如你是Mary,你的朋友Ann最近身体不适。她总是感到很累,经常头疼,胃疼。你知道以后很挂念。请根据下列提示内容给Ann写一封邮件,告诉她应该做什么,不应该做什么。
要点:
1. 针对自己身体不适,头疼,胃疼,好好休息,酌情喝一些饮品,如蜂蜜热茶等,最好去看医生,做X光检查等;
2. 不要熬夜,压力不要太大;
3. ……
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称;
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.成长路上,我们每天都在改变、收获与成长。请以“My Growth and Changes”为题,写一篇英语短文,分享你的成长变化。写作要点:
1. 过去的自己(性格、习惯、能力等,用used to句式);
2. 现在的自己(具体变化、进步);
3. 成长感悟(收获、未来打算)。
写作要求:
1. 词数80-100;
2. 语句通顺,语法正确,逻辑清晰;
3. 包含至少2个本单元重点短语和1个used to句型;
4. 不得出现真实姓名、校名。
My Growth and Changes_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.在成长过程中,我们会遇到各种负面情绪,它们是成长的一部分。我们要学会调控这些情绪,积极面对生活。假如你是李华,你校英语报正在举办“How Do We Deal With Our Emotions”主题征文,请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文。
要点提示:
1. 情绪管理的理解;
2. 情绪管理的方法;
3. 呼吁大家保持健康心态。
要求:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 作文必须包含所有要点,可适当发挥;
3. 作文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
How Do We Deal With Our Emotions
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.你的英国笔友Tom来信询问中国的自然奇观,他想知道你最喜欢的自然奇观是什么,以及你平时是否喜欢去户外感受自然。请你根据来信内容写一封回信。
要求:1.文章必须包含所提供的主要信息,并适当发挥;2.词数90左右,文章的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3.文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. I’m very glad to tell you about my favorite natural wonder in China.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
8.假设你是王浩宇,你们班的交换生Tim想参观中国的一处自然奇观。请向他推荐雅鲁藏布大峡谷奇观。请向他推荐雅鲁藏布大峡谷(Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon)。
内容提示:
1.长度:约505千米;
2.深度:约6千米 (最深处),是世界上最深的峡谷;
3.美誉:植物博物馆 the plant museum; 动物王国 the animal kingdom.
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.须包含所有提示信息。
Dear Tim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Wang Haoyu
9.你的美国笔友Mike听说中国南方部分地区遭遇了洪水,写信向你询问情况。请你以李华的身份给他写一封回信,内容包括:
1. 洪水的基本情况(如发生时间、影响);
2. 人们的应对措施;
3. 你从这次经历中学到的防灾知识。
要求:
1. 词数90左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
2. 文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。
Dear Mike,
Thanks for your letter. I’m glad to tell you something about the flood in southern China.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
10.假设你是李辉,刚刚在英文杂志上读到一篇关于自然灾害的文章,你非常想要跟你的英国朋友David分享。请你给他写一封电子邮件,内容包括:
(1)你最害怕的一种自然灾害;
(2)简单介绍并说明原因;
(3)期待回复。
注意:(1)词数80~100。开头已给出,不计入总词数;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
(3)短文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。
Dear David,
Long time no see! Recently I have read an article about natural disasters.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hui
11.假如你是Yaming,请你根据以下思维导图内容提示,用英语写一篇短文,向Tina介绍到中国人家里做客的礼仪。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
12.假如你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack给你发来邮件,向你询问暑假来中国旅游需要注意的日常生活礼仪,请根据下列提示回复一封邮件。
写作提示:1.问候礼仪
2.餐桌礼仪
3.拜访礼仪
写作要求:1. 根据写作提示写文章,可适当发挥;
2. 100词左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词)
3. 文中不得出现人名、校名等真实信息。
Dear Jack,
Welcome to China in summer. Here are some manners you might want to know. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13.假设你是李明,你的外国朋友Peter想了解你最喜欢的一本书。请你根据以下提示,给他写一封电子邮件,介绍你最喜欢的一本书。
提示:
1. 书名、作者;
2. 书的主要内容;
3. 你喜欢这本书的原因;
4. 你的感受。
要求:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 条理清晰,语句通顺;
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear from you. You asked me about my favorite book. Now let me tell you about it. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Ming
14.读书是成长路上最好的陪伴,好习惯成就好未来。请你以The Power of Reading为题,写一篇英语短文,介绍阅读的好处并号召同学们坚持阅读。
内容要点:
1. 简述阅读是良好的生活习惯;
2. 列举阅读的好处(开阔眼界、增长知识、放松身心、提升写作);
3. 发出倡议,坚持每日阅读。
写作要求:
1. 包含所有要点,可适当发挥;
2. 语句通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
3. 词数80词左右,不得出现真实校名、人名。
参考词汇:broaden horizons开阔眼界;enrich knowledge增长知识;relax放松
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
15.志愿服务彰显青春担当,点滴善意传递温暖。上周你校组织了两项志愿服务活动,你参与了其中一项。请根据下面的提示,用英语写一篇文章在英语俱乐部活动上分享。
Your article should include:
1) Why did you join the volunteer activity?
2) What did you do as a volunteer?
3) How did you feel about being a volunteer?
注意:
1. 内容涵盖所有要点,全文连贯通顺。
2. 词数不少于80词。
3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
Volunteering Warms Our Life
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
16.假设你是李华,你校英语报正在举办主题为“Making a Difference”的征文活动,请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1. 你参加过的一次志愿者活动;
2. 这次活动的意义;
3. 你对“Making a Difference”的理解。
要求:
1. 词数:80-100词;
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3. 语句通顺,意思连贯,书写规范。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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期末临考押题书面表达16篇
(Units1-8单元话题)
单元
单元话题
Unit 1 Time to Relax
休闲活动
Unit 2 Stay Healthy
健康
Unit 3 Growing Up
成长经历
Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature
自然界奇观
Unit 5 Nature's Temper
自然灾害
Unit 6 Crossing Cultures
跨文化交际
Unit 7 A Good Read
阅读与书籍
Unit 8 Making a Difference
助人奉献
本资料共16篇专题训练,从上到下每单元依次对应2篇单元话题专题训练
1.你的英国笔友Tom写信询问你平时如何放松,因为他最近学习压力很大。请你根据以下要点给他写回信:
1. 说明中国学生也面临学习压力;
2. 介绍你平时的放松方式(至少两种);
3. 推荐Tom尝试一到两种放松方法并说明原因;
4. 邀请他分享自己的放松方式。
要求:1. 文章必须包含所提供的主要信息,并适当发挥;2. 词数90左右,文章的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3. 文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. I’m sorry to hear that you’re feeling stressed these days.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I hope these suggestions can help you. Please share your own ways of relaxing with me. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文:
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. I’m sorry to hear that you’re feeling stressed these days. Actually, many Chinese students also face stress from schoolwork and exams.
I usually relax in two ways. First, I read interesting novels after finishing homework. Books take me to different worlds and make me forget my worries. Second, I play badminton with my friends on weekends. It not only makes me feel relaxed but also keeps me healthy. I advise you to try reading or playing a sport. Reading can calm your mind, and playing sports can let out your stress.
I hope these suggestions can help you. Please share your own ways of relaxing with me. I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:书信类应用文(回信),以一般现在时为主
明确要点:中国学生也有压力(共情)、自己的放松方式(至少两种)、推荐Tom尝试(一到两种+原因)、邀请分享
确定人称:第一人称I / my,第二人称you(对Tom说)
注意事项:词数90左右,开头结尾已给出不计入;不得出现真实校名、人名
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
第一段:开头段(已给出)——回应对方压力大,说明中国学生同样面临压力。
第二段:主体段——介绍自己的两种放松方式(读小说/打羽毛球)及各自的好处。
第三段:结尾段——推荐Tom尝试并说明原因(读书静心/运动释放压力),表达希望建议有帮助,邀请对方分享自己的方式,期待回信。
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:中国学生也面临压力
表达方式:many Chinese students also face stress from schoolwork and exams/Chinese students also have much pressure from study/We are under great pressure from homework and tests等
要点二:自己的放松方式(至少两种)
方式一:阅读
具体内容:read interesting novels after finishing homework/read novels/read magazines/browse books等
效果描述:Books take me to different worlds and make me forget my worries/It helps me relax and opens my mind/Reading calms me down/等
方式二:运动
具体内容:play badminton with my friends on weekends/play basketball/go running/do yoga/go swimming等
效果描述:It not only makes me feel relaxed but also keeps me healthy/It lets out my stress/It makes me energetic等
要点三:推荐Tom尝试
推荐内容:I advise you to try reading or playing a sport/I suggest you try.../You can try...等
说明原因:Reading can calm your mind, and playing sports can let out your stress/Reading is quiet and helps you forget worries/Sports make you strong and happy等
要点四:邀请分享
表达方式:I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon/Please share your ways of relaxing with me/Tell me how you relax等
2.兴趣如同指引我们前行的星光,让我们在热爱中发现更好的自己。假如你是李华,你校英语社团即将组织一场以“My favourite hobby”为题的英语演讲比赛,请你写一篇演讲稿参赛。
要求:
1. 文中须包含导图所提示信息,可适当发挥;
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3. 词数80左右。
My favourite hobby
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
My favourite hobby
Hello! I’m Li Hua. My favourite hobby is taking photos.
When I was 10, my dad gave me a camera. He taught me how to take nice photos. Since then, I’ve fallen in love with it. I like taking photos because it lets me capture beautiful moments. When I look at my photos, I can remember happy times with family and friends.
I want to be a photographer, so I practise taking photos every weekend. I believe I can achieve my dream in the future! Thank you!
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:演讲稿,以一般现在时和一般过去时为主
明确要点:最喜欢的爱好是什么、何时以及如何开始这项爱好、喜欢的原因、如何发展为梦想职业
确定人称:第一人称(I/my)
注意事项:包含导图所提示信息,不得透露真实姓名和学校名称
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:引出主题,直接点明最喜欢的爱好是什么
主体段:简述何时、如何开始这项爱好,以及喜欢的原因
结尾段:结合爱好,谈谈如何将其与未来的梦想工作联系起来
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:最喜欢的爱好是什么
taking photos/reading/running等
要点二:何时、如何开始这项爱好
When I was 10, my dad gave me a camera. He taught me how to take nice photos./I started reading picture books when I was a little child. My mother often read stories to me before bedtime.等
要点三:喜欢的原因
because it lets me capture beautiful moments/because it opens up a new world to me等
要点四:如何发展为梦想职业
practise taking photos every weekend/keep reading more books等
3.为响应“体重管理年”的号召,请你根据以下提示用英语写一份倡议书,向大家介绍养成健康习惯的方法。
要点:
1.运动方面:打篮球、跑步等体育活动,并持之以恒;
2.饮食方面:坚持良好的饮食习惯;
3.睡眠方面:规律作息。
要求:
1.文中须包含要点所提示信息,可适当发挥;
2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。
I call on everyone to develop healthy habits. Let’s start with three key points.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all. Thank you.
【答案】范文:
I call on everyone to develop healthy habits. Let’s start with three key points.
For exercise habits, you can play basketball or run for 20 minutes every day. You’d better keep doing it. And exercise can help you stay healthy and prevent illness. For eating habits, try to eat more vegetables and fruit, and don’t eat too much sweet food or junk food. Sleeping habits are important too. Go to bed before 10 p.m. and wake up early. Getting enough sleep keeps you energetic.
If you follow these, you’ll keep fit and feel happier!
That’s all. Thank you.
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:材料作文,以一般现在时为主
明确要点:围绕“体重管理年”的主题,从运动方面、饮食方面、睡眠方面,向大家介绍养成健康习惯的方法
确定人称:第一人称
注意事项:不得透露真实姓名和学校名称;词数80左右
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:引出主题,承接短文开头
主体段:从运动方面,饮食方面,睡眠方面,介绍养成健康习惯的方法
结尾段:总结全文,表示感谢
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:运动方面
运动方面:play basketball/run for 20 minutes/play football/take daily exercise/jumping rope/take a walk/mountain climbing/ride a bicycle/go swimming等
作用效果:exercise can help you stay healthy and prevent illness/stay energetic等
要点二:饮食方面
饮食方面:eat more vegetables and fruit/don’t eat too much sweet food or junk food/eat less junk food/eat less before going to bed/try to drink purified water as much as possible等
要点三:睡眠方面
睡眠方面:go to bed before 10 p.m./wake up early/listen to music before bedtime/regular schedule等
作用效果:Getting enough sleep keeps you energetic./keep a regular routine等
4.假如你是Mary,你的朋友Ann最近身体不适。她总是感到很累,经常头疼,胃疼。你知道以后很挂念。请根据下列提示内容给Ann写一封邮件,告诉她应该做什么,不应该做什么。
要点:
1. 针对自己身体不适,头疼,胃疼,好好休息,酌情喝一些饮品,如蜂蜜热茶等,最好去看医生,做X光检查等;
2. 不要熬夜,压力不要太大;
3. ……
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名及学校名称;
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
例文
Dear Ann,
I’m sorry to hear that you have not been feeling well recently. Knowing you suffer from tiredness, headaches and stomachaches makes me worried.
You should have a good rest and drink some hot honey tea. It’s best to see a doctor and get an X-ray. Besides, don’t stay up late or stress yourself too much. Eating healthy food and exercising properly are also good for you.
I hope you will get better soon.
Yours,
Mary
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体: 电子邮件,用一般现在时为主
明确要点:表达对对方的关心、针对对方身体不适提出具体建议、祝愿康复
确定人称:第一人称(I)和第二人称(you)为主
注意事项:不得出现真实姓名及学校名称
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:表达听到对方生病的难过与关心
主体段:根据题干给对方具体建议,包括应该做什么和不应该做什么(除题干中的建议以外还需补充一点)
结尾段:表达祝愿早日康复
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:表达对对方的关心
关心选择:I’m sorry to hear that/makes me worried/I’m really worried about/I feel upset/worries me等
要点二:针对对方身体不适提出具体建议
题干建议:have a good rest/drink some hot honey tea/see a doctor/get an X-ray/don’t stay up late or stress yourself/avoid heavy pressure/take enough rest/go to the hospital等
补充建议:eat healthy food/exercise properly/eat healthy meals/take short walks daily/take light exercise等
要点三:祝愿康复
祝愿选择:hope you will get better soon/look forward to your recovery/hope you can recover soon/wish you get better quickly等
5.成长路上,我们每天都在改变、收获与成长。请以“My Growth and Changes”为题,写一篇英语短文,分享你的成长变化。写作要点:
1. 过去的自己(性格、习惯、能力等,用used to句式);
2. 现在的自己(具体变化、进步);
3. 成长感悟(收获、未来打算)。
写作要求:
1. 词数80-100;
2. 语句通顺,语法正确,逻辑清晰;
3. 包含至少2个本单元重点短语和1个used to句型;
4. 不得出现真实姓名、校名。
My Growth and Changes_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文:
My Growth and Changes
I have changed a lot in the past few years.
I used to be very shy and afraid to communicate with others. I often felt lonely and gave up easily when I met challenges. I always depended on my parents too much.
But now, I am much braver and more independent. I try to make my own decisions and face difficulties bravely. I often talk with my friends and parents about my feelings. I never let myself down and keep working hard.
I love these changes. I will keep growing and become more excellent in the future.
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:记叙文(成长变化),用一般过去时(需要使用used to结构)和一般现在时
明确要点:过去的自己(过去害羞/害怕与人交流/感到孤独/轻易放弃/过度依赖父母等)、现在的自己(更勇敢更独立/自己做决定/面对困难/与人交流感受/不让自己失望/努力工作等)、成长感悟(喜欢这些变化/继续成长/变得更优秀)等
确定人称:第一人称(I/my)
注意事项:不得出现真实姓名、校名
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:总起句,点明自己过去几年变化很大
主体段:分两个层次展开(过去的自己/现在的自己)
结尾段:表达感悟与未来打算
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:总起句
变化表达:I have changed a lot in the past few years/I’ve grown a lot recently等
要点二:过去的自己
性格描述:used to be very shy and afraid to communicate with others/used to be quiet and nervous等
情感状态:often felt lonely/always felt down等
行为习惯:gave up easily when I met challenges/stopped trying when facing problems等
依赖情况:depended on my parents too much/relied on others for everything等
要点三:现在的自己
性格进步:much braver and more independent/braver and more confident等
行为改变:try to make my own decisions/face difficulties bravely/talk with friends and parents about my feelings等
努力态度:never let myself down/keep working hard/always try my best等
要点四:成长感悟与未来打算
感悟表达:love these changes/feel happy about these changes等
未来打算:will keep growing and become more excellent in the future/continue to improve myself等
6.在成长过程中,我们会遇到各种负面情绪,它们是成长的一部分。我们要学会调控这些情绪,积极面对生活。假如你是李华,你校英语报正在举办“How Do We Deal With Our Emotions”主题征文,请你根据以下提示,写一篇短文。
要点提示:
1. 情绪管理的理解;
2. 情绪管理的方法;
3. 呼吁大家保持健康心态。
要求:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 作文必须包含所有要点,可适当发挥;
3. 作文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息。
How Do We Deal With Our Emotions
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
例文
How Do We Deal With Our Emotions In our growth, we often face bad emotions. Learning to manage them is important for a happy life. I think emotion management means understanding our feelings and controlling them well.
There are many useful ways. Firstly, when feeling angry or sad, we can take deep breaths to calm down. Secondly, talking to friends or family helps a lot. They can give us good advice. Also, doing sports or listening to music can make us relaxed.
Let’s try these methods and keep a healthy mind. Life will be more beautiful if we stay positive.
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:议论文,以一般现在时为主
明确要点:对情绪管理的理解、情绪管理的具体方法、呼吁大家保持健康心态
确定人称:第一人称(I/My/We)
注意事项:词数100左右,不得出现真实姓名及学校名称
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:引入话题,说明情绪管理的重要性,并阐述自己对情绪管理的理解
主体段:列举多种实用的情绪管理方法
结尾段:发出倡议,呼应主题,呼吁大家保持健康心态
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:对情绪管理的理解
理解:important for a happy life/understanding our feelings/controlling them well/be good for health等
要点二:情绪管理的方法以及呼吁
方法以及呼吁:take deep breaths/calm down/talking to friends/give us good advice/doing sports/listening to music/go for a walk/try these methods/keep a healthy mind/stay positive/be brave等
7.你的英国笔友Tom来信询问中国的自然奇观,他想知道你最喜欢的自然奇观是什么,以及你平时是否喜欢去户外感受自然。请你根据来信内容写一封回信。
要求:1.文章必须包含所提供的主要信息,并适当发挥;2.词数90左右,文章的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;3.文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. I’m very glad to tell you about my favorite natural wonder in China.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文
Dear Tom,
Thanks for your letter. I’m very glad to tell you about my favorite natural wonder in China.
My favorite natural wonder is Huangshan, located in Anhui Province. It’s famous for its strange-shaped pines, unique rocks and magical sea of clouds. Last summer, I visited it with my parents. Early in the morning, we watched the sunrise above the clouds, which felt like a fairy world. I took hundreds of photos and felt totally relaxed.
I love getting close to nature. On weekends, I usually go hiking in nearby mountains or have picnics in parks. It makes me forget my worries and feel peaceful. Huangshan is like a precious gem.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】写作步骤:
[第一步:审题立意]
明确文体:书信,一般现在时
明确要点:最喜欢的中国自然奇观;自己对于去户外感受自然的看法和经历
确定人称:第一人称(I/my)
注意事项:不得透露真实姓名和学校名称
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:引出主题:感谢来信,表明要告知最喜欢的中国自然奇观
主体段:介绍自己最喜欢的自然奇观
结尾段:介绍自己对于去户外感受自然的看法和经历
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:最喜欢的中国自然奇观:My favorite natural wonder is Huangshan/famous for its strange-shaped pines/My favorite natural wonder is Guilin’s landscape/It’s world-famous for its karst mountains and clear, winding Li River
要点二:自己对于去户外感受自然的看法和经历:I love getting close to nature/It makes me forget my worries and feel peaceful/I love being outdoors/Being in nature makes me feel calm and alive
8.假设你是王浩宇,你们班的交换生Tim想参观中国的一处自然奇观。请向他推荐雅鲁藏布大峡谷奇观。请向他推荐雅鲁藏布大峡谷(Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon)。
内容提示:
1.长度:约505千米;
2.深度:约6千米 (最深处),是世界上最深的峡谷;
3.美誉:植物博物馆 the plant museum; 动物王国 the animal kingdom.
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.须包含所有提示信息。
Dear Tim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Wang Haoyu
【答案】例文
Dear Tim,
I’m writing to tell you something about one of the greatest natural wonders in China—Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon. It’s in Xizang. It is about 505 kilometres long. And it is the deepest canyon in the world. Its deepest point is around 6 kilometres.
Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is home to thousands of plants and animals. It’s called “the plant museum” and “the animal kingdom”. All nature lovers want to visit it. The perfect time to visit is spring and summer seasons.
I’m sure you will have a great time there.
Wang Haoyu
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:应用文,用一般现在时
明确要点:雅鲁藏布大峡谷的具体信息,包括位置、长度、深度、美誉、重要地位等
确定人称:第一人称 (I/my) 和第三人称(it/its)
注意事项:词数80左右
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:问候对方,告知自己写信的目的——介绍雅鲁藏布大峡谷
主体段:具体介绍雅鲁藏布大峡谷的信息
结尾段:总结感受,结束书信
[第三步:要点展开]
要点:雅鲁藏布江的详细信息
重要地位:one of the greatest natural wonders in China、the deepest canyon in the world等
位置:in Xizang
长度:505 kilometers long
深度:deepest point 6 kilometres
美誉:the plant museum、the animal kingdom等
其它:time to visit、spring and summer等
9.你的美国笔友Mike听说中国南方部分地区遭遇了洪水,写信向你询问情况。请你以李华的身份给他写一封回信,内容包括:
1. 洪水的基本情况(如发生时间、影响);
2. 人们的应对措施;
3. 你从这次经历中学到的防灾知识。
要求:
1. 词数90左右,开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;
2. 文中不能出现真实校名、人名等信息。
Dear Mike,
Thanks for your letter. I’m glad to tell you something about the flood in southern China.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version
Dear Mike,
Thanks for your letter. I’m glad to tell you something about the flood in southern China.
Last month, unexpected heavy rain caused a very big flood in many areas. It flooded streets and houses, making our daily life very difficult. Luckily, everyone worked together to face the challenge bravely. Many families quickly moved to safe places, and the government provided plenty of food, water and medicine. From this meaningful experience, I have learned some useful safety skills. For example, we should not stay in low areas during a flood, and we must stay away from rivers and lakes. It is also important to follow the instructions of the rescue team carefully.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:应用文,叙述过去发生的洪水经历用一般过去时,表达学到的防灾知识与看法用一般现在时
明确要点:洪水的发生时间和影响、人们采取的应对措施、学到的防灾知识
确定人称:第一人称(I/we)
注意事项:不得出现真实的校名和人名;开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数;词数90左右
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:感谢来信并点明写信目的
主体段:详细描述洪水的基本情况,人们的应对措施,以及自己从这次有意义的经历中学到的防灾知识
结尾段:表达对回信的期待
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:洪水基本情况与影响
基本情况与影响:last month/unexpected heavy rain caused a very big flood/flooded streets and houses/making our daily life very difficult/hit southern China/ruin crops/make people homeless/destroy buildings等
要点二:人们的应对措施
应对措施:work together/face the challenge bravely/quickly move to safe places/government provided plenty of food, water and medicine/rescue team saved people/donate money/stay calm等
要点三:获得的防灾知识
防灾知识:learn some useful safety skills/from this meaningful experience/should not stay in low areas/stay away from rivers and lakes/follow the instructions of the rescue team carefully/prepare an emergency kit/turn off the electricity等
10.假设你是李辉,刚刚在英文杂志上读到一篇关于自然灾害的文章,你非常想要跟你的英国朋友David分享。请你给他写一封电子邮件,内容包括:
(1)你最害怕的一种自然灾害;
(2)简单介绍并说明原因;
(3)期待回复。
注意:(1)词数80~100。开头已给出,不计入总词数;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
(3)短文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。
Dear David,
Long time no see! Recently I have read an article about natural disasters.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hui
【答案】例文
Dear David,
Long time no see! Recently I have read an article about natural disasters. I’m extremely afraid of earthquakes.
Earthquakes come suddenly without many warnings. When an earthquake hits, the ground shakes violently. Buildings can fall down, roads may crack, and people’s lives and properties are in great danger. I still remember the news about a big earthquake that destroyed a whole city, leaving thousands of people homeless. That’s why I’m so scared of earthquakes—they can bring terrible destruction in a flash.
What’s your thought on natural disasters? Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hui
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:电子邮件类应用文,用一般现在时为主
明确要点:最害怕的自然灾害、自然灾害介绍及原因
确定人称:第一人称(I)
注意事项:不得透露真实姓名和学校名称
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:开门见山,点明主题
主体段:详细介绍自然灾害并说明原因
结尾段:书写结尾,表达期待
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:最害怕的自然灾害
自然灾害选择:earthquakes/floods/typhoons/sandstorms等
要点二:自然灾害介绍及原因
自然灾害介绍:come suddenly/spread quickly in low-lying areas/have strong winds and heavy rain/carry lots of sand and dust等
害怕的原因描述:bring terrible destruction/wash away houses and roads/blow down trees and buildings/bad for our health and traffic等
11.假如你是Yaming,请你根据以下思维导图内容提示,用英语写一篇短文,向Tina介绍到中国人家里做客的礼仪。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文:
Hi Tina! I’m glad to tell you something about Chinese home-visiting customs. It is important to learn them because they can help you leave a good impression and show your politeness.
Here are some rules. First, when you meet the hosts, you should smile and say hello to them. Second, it’s a good idea to bring a small gift, like some fruit or flowers. Third, you are supposed to arrive on time.
Don’t be nervous. Just relax and enjoy yourself. I hope you will have a great time in China.
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:介绍式应用文,以一般现在时为主
明确要点:①学习做客礼仪的重要性:得体举止、留下良好印象 ②介绍做客礼仪:见面微笑问好、带小礼品、准时到访 ③表达期望:放松心态、享受做客过程
确定人称:以Yaming的视角,以第二人称you为主,面向Tina写作
注意事项:不得透露真实姓名、校名;词数控制在120以内
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:开门见山,点明写作目的,说明了解中国做客礼仪的重要性
主体段:用First/Second/Third分层罗列做客礼仪规范
结尾段:表达期望,希望对方放松并享受做客的过程
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:学习习俗的重要性
重要性:leave a good impression/show good politeness/have good manners等
要点二:做客具体习俗
初见主人:smile and say hello to them/should keep a friendly look等
登门礼物:bring a small gift, like some fruit or flowers/prepare small gifts for hosts等
赴约时间:arrive on time/be punctual等
要点三:结尾期许
鼓励:don’t be nervous/relax and enjoy yourself/just relax and have fun during your visit等
祝愿:have a great time/have a wonderful visit等
12.假如你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack给你发来邮件,向你询问暑假来中国旅游需要注意的日常生活礼仪,请根据下列提示回复一封邮件。
写作提示:1.问候礼仪
2.餐桌礼仪
3.拜访礼仪
写作要求:1. 根据写作提示写文章,可适当发挥;
2. 100词左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词)
3. 文中不得出现人名、校名等真实信息。
Dear Jack,
Welcome to China in summer. Here are some manners you might want to know. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Jack,
Welcome to China in summer. Here are some manners you might want to know.
First, greetings: When meeting people, you can smile and nod. A handshake is also common. For elders, you should greet them first politely.
Second, table manners: Don’t stick your chopsticks upright into the rice. Wait for elders to start eating before you do. It’s polite to say the food is delicious.
Third, visiting manners: If you visit a Chinese home, take off your shoes at the door. You may bring a small gift like fruit or tea. Don’t arrive too early or too late.
I hope these tips help you enjoy your trip. Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】一、审题立意
文体:电子邮件/书信体,以一般现在时为主,第二人称(you)。
内容要点:必须包含三种礼仪:问候礼仪;餐桌礼仪;拜访礼仪。
人称:第一人称(I, me),第二人称(you)。
注意事项:未出现真实姓名(Jack为笔友化名)和校名,符合要求。
二、构思布局(三段式)
开头段:欢迎来中国,点明将介绍一些礼仪。
主体段:问候礼仪。餐桌礼仪。拜访礼仪
结尾段:希望建议有帮助,期待见面。
三、要点对照
要点一:问候礼仪
When meeting people, you can smile and nod. A handshake is also common. For elders, you should greet them first politely.
拓展:
Avoid hugging or kissing unless you are close friends.
要点二:餐桌礼仪
Don’t stick your chopsticks upright into the rice. Wait for elders to start eating. It’s polite to say the food is delicious.
拓展:
You may use a spoon for soups and rice.
要点三:拜访礼仪
take off your shoes at the door. You may bring a small gift like fruit or tea. Don’t arrive too early or too late.
拓展:
It’s better to call before visiting.
13.假设你是李明,你的外国朋友Peter想了解你最喜欢的一本书。请你根据以下提示,给他写一封电子邮件,介绍你最喜欢的一本书。
提示:
1. 书名、作者;
2. 书的主要内容;
3. 你喜欢这本书的原因;
4. 你的感受。
要求:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 条理清晰,语句通顺;
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear from you. You asked me about my favorite book. Now let me tell you about it. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Ming
【答案】
Dear Peter,
I’m glad to hear from you. You asked me about my favorite book. Now let me tell you about it.
It is The Little Prince. It was written by a French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The book tells a story about a little prince who travels around different planets. He meets many interesting people. I like it because it teaches us about love and responsibility. The words are simple but meaningful. After reading it, I feel warm and hopeful.
Why not read it with me this weekend?
Yours,
Li Ming
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:应用文,以一般现在时为主
明确要点:①点明最喜欢的书名与作者 ②介绍书本主要故事情节 ③说明喜爱本书的理由
确定人称:以第一人称I为主,介绍书籍内容用第三人称it
注意事项:词数80左右;无真实校名信息
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:收到来信,开门见山,介绍最喜欢的书籍和作者
主体段:简述故事内容;说明喜爱原因
结尾段:邀约对方阅读
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:点明最喜欢的书名与作者
The Little Prince/written by a French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry./The Adventures of Tom Sawyer—Mark Twain/Robinson Crusoe—Daniel Defoe/Harry Potter—J.K. Rowling等
要点二:简述故事内容
a little prince who travels around different planets/meets many interesting people/explore caves/look for treasure/have an accident at sea/live alone on a lonely island/build houses, grow food and overcome all kinds of difficulties/study in a magic school/fight against bad forces等
要点三:说明喜爱原因
teaches us about love and responsibility/The words are simple but meaningful/feel warm and hopeful/funny and exciting/brave and clever/friendship and courage/brave and independent/face difficulties bravely/full of imagination and moving moments/courage, friendship and kindness/inspire me to hold on to my dreams等
14.读书是成长路上最好的陪伴,好习惯成就好未来。请你以The Power of Reading为题,写一篇英语短文,介绍阅读的好处并号召同学们坚持阅读。
内容要点:
1. 简述阅读是良好的生活习惯;
2. 列举阅读的好处(开阔眼界、增长知识、放松身心、提升写作);
3. 发出倡议,坚持每日阅读。
写作要求:
1. 包含所有要点,可适当发挥;
2. 语句通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
3. 词数80词左右,不得出现真实校名、人名。
参考词汇:broaden horizons开阔眼界;enrich knowledge增长知识;relax放松
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【答案】例文
The Power of Reading
Reading is a great and meaningful habit in our daily life. It brings us endless benefits and helps us grow better.
Firstly, reading can broaden our horizons and enrich our knowledge. It lets us know more about the world. Secondly, it is a good way to relax our tired mind after busy study. Thirdly, reading classic books can improve our writing skills greatly.
In short, reading changes our life. Let’s keep reading every day and make progress little by little.
【详解】[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:观点说明类短文,用一般现在时为主
明确要点:简述阅读是良好的生活习惯;列举阅读的好处(开阔眼界、增长知识、放松身心、提升写作);发出倡议,坚持每日阅读。
确定人称:第一 / 第二人称(we/our/let's)
注意事项:不得透露真实校名、人名
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:总起句,点明阅读是良好的生活习惯
主体段:分点阐述阅读的好处
结尾段:总结阅读的意义,发出每日阅读的倡议
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:阅读是良好的生活习惯
Reading is a great and meaningful habit in our daily life. It brings us endless benefits and helps us grow better./good habit/meaningful habit/beneficial habit/daily life/grow better等
Reading is a wonderful habit in our daily life./Reading is a meaningful habit that brings us many benefits 等
要点二:阅读的好处
开阔眼界、增长知识
Firstly, reading can broaden our horizons and enrich our knowledge. It lets us know more about the world./broaden horizons/enrich knowledge/know more about the world/expand our views/Reading helps us broaden our horizons and learn more about the world./We can enrich our knowledge through reading等
放松身心
Secondly, it is a good way to relax our tired mind after busy study./relax/feel relaxed/reduce stress/relax our mind/Reading is a good way to relax ourselves after busy schoolwork./It helps us relax and forget tiredness等
提升写作能力
Thirdly, reading classic books can improve our writing skills greatly./improve writing skills/become better at writing/learn good words and sentences/Reading helps us improve our writing skills a lot./We can learn good sentences from books to improve writing等
要点三:发出倡议
In short, reading changes our life. Let’s keep reading every day and make progress little by little./keep reading/read every day/make progress/change our life/Let’s keep reading every day and grow better./Reading changes our life, so let’s read more every day等
15.志愿服务彰显青春担当,点滴善意传递温暖。上周你校组织了两项志愿服务活动,你参与了其中一项。请根据下面的提示,用英语写一篇文章在英语俱乐部活动上分享。
Your article should include:
1) Why did you join the volunteer activity?
2) What did you do as a volunteer?
3) How did you feel about being a volunteer?
注意:
1. 内容涵盖所有要点,全文连贯通顺。
2. 词数不少于80词。
3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
Volunteering Warms Our Life
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【答案】例文
Volunteering Warms Our Life
Last week, I took part in the volunteer activity at the old people’s home. I joined it because I wanted to do something meaningful to help others and learn to care for the elderly.
As a volunteer, I did many things. I sang songs and played music for the old people to cheer them up. I also talked with them and listened to their stories. Some of my classmates helped clean their rooms.
This experience taught me that volunteering is not only about giving help, but also about receiving love and warmth. When I saw the big smiles on their faces, I felt really happy and proud. I will take part in more volunteer activities in the future.
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:记叙文,以一般过去时为主
明确要点:参加志愿活动的原因,志愿者的工作内容,感受
确定人称:第一人称(I)
注意事项:文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:交代背景及说明参与的原因
主体段:描述志愿工作内容
结尾段:总结感悟及展望未来
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:参加志愿活动的原因
活动时间:Last week/Last month
活动地点:at the old people’s home/at a children’s home
参与的志愿活动:the volunteer activity/do something meaningful to help others and learn to care for the elderly/learn how to care for kids and bring more joy to their daily life
要点二:志愿工作内容
具体行动:sang songs and played music for the old people to cheer them up/talked with them and listened to their stories/helped clean their rooms/sang lively songs and played fun games with the kids to cheer them up/chatted warmly and patiently listened to their little stories/helped clean the rooms and tidy up the playground carefully
要点三:总结感悟及展望未来
总结感悟:volunteering is not only about giving help, but also about receiving love and warmth/When I saw the big smiles on their faces, I felt really happy and proud/felt my life was full and meaningful
展望未来:I will take part in more volunteer activities in the future/keep taking part in more volunteer activities and spread kindness to more people
16.假设你是李华,你校英语报正在举办主题为“Making a Difference”的征文活动,请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1. 你参加过的一次志愿者活动;
2. 这次活动的意义;
3. 你对“Making a Difference”的理解。
要求:
1. 词数:80-100词;
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3. 语句通顺,意思连贯,书写规范。
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【答案】
Making a Difference
Last month, I took part in a volunteer activity at the city park with my classmates. We helped pick up litter and planted young trees in the open area. At first, I felt tired after hours of work.
But when I saw the clean paths and new green trees, I felt proud and happy. This taught me that even small actions can make a big difference.
I believe that helping others is helping ourselves. If everyone does a little, our world will become more beautiful. Let’s work together to make a difference!
【详解】写作步骤
[第一步:审题立意]
确定文体:记叙文,以一般过去时为主,结合一般现在时表达感悟
明确要点:一次志愿者活动经历、活动的意义、对“Making a Difference”的理解
确定人称:第一人称(I/my/we)
注意事项:叙事部分用过去时,感悟部分用现在时,词数80-100
[第二步:构思布局]
三段式结构:
开头段:点明时间、地点和活动内容(志愿者活动经历)
主体段:描述活动中的感受及这次活动的意义
结尾段:表达对“Making a Difference”的理解并发出倡议
[第三步:要点展开]
要点一:活动经历
活动内容:took part in a volunteer activity/at the city park/with my classmates/picked up litter/planted young trees等
时间背景:last month/last Sunday/on a sunny weekend等
过程感受:felt tired after hours of work/worked for hours/my arms ached等
要点二:活动的意义
意义表达:taught me that even small actions can make a big difference/saw the clean paths and new green trees/felt proud and happy等
情绪变化:at first tired but then happy/felt proud/teammates cheered等
要点三:对“Making a Difference”的理解
核心观点:helping others is helping ourselves/even small actions can make a big difference/every little effort matters等
倡议号召:if everyone does a little, our world will become more beautiful/let’s work together to make a difference/hope more students join volunteer activities等
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