2026年中考热点时文阅读多维设计(2)

**基本信息** 以热点时文为载体，通过阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空多维训练，系统提炼不同题型解题方法，构建“现象描述-生态价值-语言运用”的知识逻辑链，提升语言理解与表达能力，培养逻辑思维与信息整合能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|5题|细节定位、词义语境推断、主旨归纳|以鲸鱼墓地发现为线索，从基础信息提取到深层价值分析| |完形填空|10题|词类辨析（动/形/副）、语境逻辑推理|围绕鲸落现象，考查词汇在语篇中的准确运用| |语法填空|10空|词形转换（副/形/动）、固定搭配（as...as）、被动语态|通过语法形式变化，强化语言知识在科学文本中的应用|

2026年热点时文阅读多维设计（2） 时文文本 Chinese scientists have found the world’s largest whale graveyard (墓地) in the Indian Ocean. They discovered nearly 500 skeletons (骨架) at depths of up to 7,000 meters. Some fossils are as old as 5.3 million years. This finding was totally unexpected, as its size and age were far beyond what they had guessed before. When whales die and sink to the ocean floor, their bodies create a special phenomenon called a “whale fall (鲸落)”. The dead bodies, become rich food for deep-sea creatures. In this area, a V-shaped sea trench carries the dead whales into a narrow path. There, animals like jellyfish, bone-boring worms and bivalves (双壳类动物) live on the remains. This process helps form unique underwater communities, just like hydrothermal vents (热液喷口). Besides supporting deep-sea life, whale falls also help store carbon(碳). Scientists say the soft parts and lipids (脂质) from these dead animals can hold about 6.7 million tons of carbon. The carbon is kept on the ocean floor, so it cannot enter the atmosphere(大气层). This discovery suggests there may be many hidden whale graveyards in the deep oceans. They play an important role in Earth’s carbon cycle and many different lives in the deep sea. 时文背景 中国科学家在印度洋发现了全球规模最大的鲸鱼墓地，这里存有近 500 具鲸鱼骨架，部分化石已有 530 万年历史。文中介绍了鲸落现象，鲸鱼遗体能够滋养深海生物、形成独特海底群落，同时还可储存大量碳元素，助力地球碳循环。此次发现也预示着深海中或许还存在其他未被发现的鲸鱼墓地，其对深海生态环境有着重要意义。 多维设计 一、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Chinese scientists have found the world’s largest whale graveyard (墓地) in the Indian Ocean. They discovered nearly 500 skeletons (骨架) at depths of up to 7,000 meters. Some fossils are as old as 5.3 million years. This finding was totally unexpected, as its size and age were far beyond what they had guessed before. When whales die and sink to the ocean floor, their bodies create a special phenomenon called a “whale fall (鲸落)”. The dead bodies, become rich food for deep-sea creatures. In this area, a V-shaped sea trench carries the dead whales into a narrow path. There, animals like jellyfish, bone-boring worms and bivalves (双壳类动物) live on the remains. This process helps form unique underwater communities, just like hydrothermal vents (热液喷口). Besides supporting deep-sea life, whale falls also help store carbon(碳). Scientists say the soft parts and lipids (脂质) from these dead animals can hold about 6.7 million tons of carbon. The carbon is kept on the ocean floor, so it cannot enter the atmosphere(大气层). This discovery suggests there may be many hidden whale graveyards in the deep oceans. They play an important role in Earth’s carbon cycle and many different lives in the deep sea. ( )1.Where did Chinese scientists find the world’s largest whale graveyard? A. In the Pacific Ocean. B. In the Indian Ocean. C. In the Atlantic Ocean. ( )2.How old are some of the whale fossils in the graveyard? A. About 5.3 million years. B. Nearly 500 years C. Over 7,000 years ( )3.What does the underlined word “remains” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A. living sea animals. B. dead whale bodies. C. deep-sea plants. ( )4.What can we learn from the passage? A. Scientists fully knew about this large whale graveyard at first. B. Whale falls have no influence on the carbon cycle of the Earth. C. More whale graveyards may remain in the deep oceans undiscovered. ( )5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. A new whale graveyard and its great natural value. B. Various animals around the deep-sea whale falls. C. The long history of whale fossils in the ocean. 二、完形填空 阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 Chinese scientists have found the world’s largest whale graveyard (墓地) in the Indian Ocean. They 1 nearly 500 skeletons (骨架) at depths of up to 7,000 meters. Some fossils are as 2 as 5.3 million years. This finding was 3 unexpected, as its size and age were far beyond what they had guessed before. When whales 4 and sink to the ocean floor, their bodies create a special phenomenon called a “whale fall (鲸落)”. The dead bodies, become 5 food for deep-sea creatures. In this area, a V-shaped sea trench carries the dead whales into a narrow path. There, animals like jellyfish, bone-boring worms and bivalves (双壳类动物) 6 the remains. This process helps form unique underwater communities, just like hydrothermal vents (热液喷口). 7 supporting deep-sea life, whale falls also help store carbon(碳). Scientists say the soft parts and lipids (脂质) from these dead animals can hold about 6.7 million tons of carbon. The carbon is kept on the ocean floor, 8 it cannot enter the atmosphere(大气层). This 9 suggests there may be many hidden whale graveyards in the deep oceans. They play an important 10 in Earth’s carbon cycle and many different lives in the deep sea. 1. A. discovered B. invented C. created 2. A. old B. long C. big 3. A. hardly B. totally C. nearly 4. A. die B. live C. swim 5. A. rich B. poor C. little 6. A. live on B. look for C. care about 7. A. Besides B. Except C. Without 8. A. so B. but C. or 9. A. message B. finding C. story 10. A. part B. game C. word 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。 Chinese scientists have found the world’s largest whale graveyard (墓地) in the Indian Ocean. They discovered 1. (near)500 skeletons (骨架) at depths of up to 7,000 meters. Some fossils are 2. old as 5.3 million years. This finding was totally 3. (expected), as its size and age were far beyond what they had guessed before. When whales die and sink to the ocean floor, their bodies create a special phenomenon 4. (call) a “whale fall (鲸落)”. The dead bodies, become rich food for deep-sea creatures. In this area, a V-shaped sea trench 5. (carry) the dead whales into a narrow path. There, animals like jellyfish, bone-boring worms and bivalves (双壳类动物) live on the remains. This process helps form unique underwater communities, just like hydrothermal vents (热液喷口). 6. supporting deep-sea life, whale falls also help store carbon(碳). Scientists say the soft parts and lipids (脂质) from these dead animals can hold about 6.7 7. (million) tons of carbon. The carbon 8. (keep) on the ocean floor, so it cannot enter the atmosphere(大气层). This 9. (discover) suggests there may be many hidden whale graveyards in the deep oceans. They play 10. important role in Earth’s carbon cycle and many different lives in the deep sea. 答案及解析 [主旨大意]文章介绍中国科学家在印度洋发现全球最大鲸鱼墓地，讲解了鲸落现象及其为深海生物提供生存条件、储存碳元素的作用，同时指出深海中或许还存在未被发现的鲸鱼墓地，说明这片鲸鱼墓地对地球碳循环和深海生态意义重大。 一、阅读理解 1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一句Chinese scientists have found the world’s largest whale graveyard in the Indian Ocean可知，科学家在印度洋发现了这座鲸鱼墓地。故选 B。 2.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Some fossils are as old as 5.3 million years可知，部分鲸鱼化石距今约530万年。故选A。 3.B【解析】词义猜测题。前文提到鲸鱼死亡后沉入海底形成鲸落，结合语境可知各类深海生物以鲸鱼遗体为生，因此remains 指“鲸鱼尸体、残骸”。故选B。 4.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段 This discovery suggests there may be many hidden whale graveyards in the deep oceans 可推断，深海中可能还有不少未被发现的鲸鱼墓地。A、B两项均与原文内容不符。故选C。 5.A【解析】主旨大意题。短文先是介绍新发现的大型鲸鱼墓地，又阐述了鲸落的生态价值与储碳作用。B、C仅为文章部分内容，不能概括全文。故选A。 二、完形填空 1.A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：他们7000米深处发现了近500具鲸鱼骨架。discovered 发现；invented 发明；created 创造。科学家在深海找到现存的骨架，应用discovered。故选A。 2.A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：一些化石的历史长达530万年。old ……年代的；long 长的；big 大的。固定搭配as old as用于描述事物年代久远。故选A。 3.B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：这一发现完全出人意料，其规模和年代远超科学家以往的猜测。hardly 几乎不；totally 完全地；nearly 几乎。根据后文远超猜测，可知此次发现完全出乎意料。故选B。 4.A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：当鲸鱼死亡并沉入海底，它们的躯体形成了一种名为“鲸落”的特殊现象。die 死亡；live 生存；swim 游泳。结合鲸落的形成原理，可知鲸鱼死亡后才会形成该现象。故选A。 5.A【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：这些尸体成为了深海生物丰富的食物。rich 丰富的；poor 贫瘠的；little 少量的。鲸鱼遗体可为深海生物提供充足食物。故选A。 6.A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：水母、蛀骨蠕虫和双壳类等动物依靠这些残骸生存。live on 以……为食、依靠……生存；look for 寻找；care about 关心。结合语境可知深海生物依靠鲸鱼残骸存活。故选A。 7.A【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：除了供养深海生物，鲸落还有助于储碳。Besides 除……之外（还有）；Except 除……之外（不包含）；Without 没有。此处表示鲸落兼具两种作用，表递进补充。故选A。 8.A【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：碳被储存在海底，因此无法进入大气层。so 因此；but 但是；or 否则。前后句为因果关系，前因后果。故选A。 9.B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：这一发现表明深海中可能还有许多未被发现的鲸鱼墓地。message 信息；finding 发现；story 故事。此处指代本次科考的重大发现。故选B。 10.A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：它们在地球碳循环和深海生物繁衍中发挥着重要作用。part 部分；game 游戏；word 话语。固定搭配play an important part in 意为“在……中发挥重要作用”。故选A。 三、完形填空 1.nearly【解析】句意：他们在7000米的深处发现了近500具骨架。此处用副词nearly修饰数词，意为“将近、几乎”。故填nearly。 2.as【解析】句意：一些化石的历史长达530万年。固定结构as old as表示“和……一样古老、长达……年代”。故填as。 3.unexpected【解析】句意：这一发现完全出乎意料。根据后句内容可知结果超出预想，用形容词unexpected表示“出乎意料的”。故填unexpected。 4.called【解析】句意：它们的躯体形成了一种被称作“鲸落”的特殊现象。此处用过去分词作后置定语，表被动含义。故填called。 5.carries【解析】句意：在该区域，一处V型海沟将死去的鲸鱼带入狭窄海域。全文为一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填carries。 6.Besides【解析】句意：除了滋养深海生物，鲸落还有助于储碳。此处表示递进含义，意为“除……之外，还有”。故填Besides。 7.million【解析】句意：这些死去生物的软组织和脂质可以储存约670万吨碳。million前有具体数字时，用单数形式。故填million。 8.is kept【解析】句意：碳被储存在海底，无法进入大气层。主语carbon与动词keep为被动关系，一般现在时被动语态。故填is kept。 9.discovery【解析】句意：这一发现表明深海中可能存在许多未被发现的鲸鱼墓地。this后接名词作主语，discover的名词形式为discovery。故填discovery。 10.an【解析】句意：它们在地球碳循环和深海生物生存中发挥着重要作用。固定搭配play an important role in意为“在......方面起重要重要”，important以元音音素开头。故填an。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $