考前押题01 阅读理解之个人成长与社会生活（期末复习专项训练）八年级英语下学期新教材仁爱科普版

**基本信息** 聚焦个人成长与社会生活6大话题，融合阅读策略提示卡，构建“话题情境-题型技巧-核心素养”三维训练体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |学习与自我提升|3篇（孔子/李华/王梅案例）|细节定位、主旨归纳|覆盖U7常考点，从历史人物到学生案例，渗透终身学习理念| |金钱与消费|3篇（货币史/储蓄计划/助学贷款）|推理判断、词义猜测|对应U8，从历史发展到现实应用，培养理性消费观| |自然与防灾|3篇（地震/台风/环保行动）|写作意图分析|U9重点，结合防灾技能与环保责任，强化社会意识| |心理健康与情绪管理|2篇（压力应对/心理调查）|隐含信息提取|跨学科融合，关注青少年情绪调节，提升心理素养| |运动与健康|3篇（运动益处/屏幕时间/早餐重要性）|数据理解|情境创新，链接健康生活方式，培养科学认知| |志愿服务与社会实践|4篇（支教/社区服务/地铁志愿/零浪费活动）|观点评价|新考法导向，通过实践案例渗透社会责任感|

考前押题01 阅读理解之个人成长与社会生活 （期末复习专项训练答案） 话题1 学习与自我提升 Passage 1: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B Passage 2: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C Passage 3: 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 话题2 金钱与消费 Passage 4: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C Passage 5: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.A Passage 6: 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.C 话题3 自然与防灾 Passage 7: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B Passage 8: 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C Passage 9: 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C 话题4 心理健康与情绪管理 Passage 10: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B Passage 11: 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B 话题5 运动与健康 Passage 12: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.C Passage 13: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B Passage 14: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 话题6 志愿服务与社会实践 Passage 15: 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C Passage 16: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C Passage 17: 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.A Passage 18: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.B 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解之个人成长与社会生活 （期末复习专项训练） 话题1 学习与自我提升（U7对应·常考点）P1, P2, P3 话题2 金钱与消费（U8对应） P4, P5, P6 话题3 自然与防灾（U9对应·重点） P7, P8, P9 话题4 心理健康与情绪管理（跨学科） P10, P11 话题5 运动与健康（情境创新） P12, P13, P14 话题6 志愿服务与社会实践（新考法） P15, P16, P17, P18 话题1 学习与自我提升 Passage 1 （25-26八下·北京海淀·期末）Confucius (551 BCE—479 BCE) was one of the greatest thinkers and educators during the Spring and Autumn Period. Like many other masters, Confucius started as a hard-working student. At 15, he got down to studying. He studied music, math, literature and other subjects. When he was learning Shao music in the State of Qi, he was lost in the music and hardly noticed the taste of meat for a few months. Later, Confucius opened a private school and started teaching there. People came to study at his school. One of his students was Zilu. Zilu was too confident about himself. So once Confucius told him, "To know what you know and what you do not know, that is wisdom." It tells us we should learn knowledge in an honest way. In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never stopped learning from others. Confucius told his students, "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers." This famous saying shows the learning spirit of Confucius. It is not easy to understand all the thoughts of Confucius. You may need to draw on his wisdom from time to time. Just like the master said, "Review the old knowledge and you will have new ideas." ( )1. When did Confucius begin to study hard? A. At the age of 10. B. At the age of 15. C. At the age of 20. D. At the age of 25. ( )2. What can we learn about Zilu from the passage? A. He was hard-working but not clever. B. He liked music very much. C. He was too confident about himself. D. He didn't like to study at all. ( )3. What does the underlined sentence "To know what you know and what you do not know, that is wisdom." mean? A. We should learn from others. B. We should be honest about our knowledge. C. We should review old knowledge often. D. We should study music and math. ( )4. What does the saying "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers." show? A. Confucius liked walking with others. B. Confucius had many teachers. C. Confucius was willing to learn from anyone. D. Confucius liked to teach while walking. ( )5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Life of Confucius B. Confucius: A Great Teacher and Lifelong Learner C. The Students of Confucius D. The Thoughts of Confucius 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了春秋时期伟大的思想家和教育家孔子的学习经历和教育理念，体现了他"学而不厌、诲人不倦"的精神。 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 【详细解析】 1. When did Confucius begin to study hard?【细节理解题】 根据文章第一段"At 15, he got down to studying."可知，孔子在15岁时开始努力学习。get down to studying意为"开始专心学习"。故选B项。 2. What can we learn about Zilu from the passage?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"One of his students was Zilu. Zilu was too confident about himself."可知，子路对自己过于自信。故选C项。 3. What does the underlined sentence "To know what you know and what you do not know, that is wisdom." mean?【句意理解题】 根据文章第二段"It tells us we should learn knowledge in an honest way."可知，这句话告诉我们要诚实地对待自己的知识，知道就是知道，不知道就是不知道。故选B项。 4. What does the saying "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers." show?【推理判断题】 根据文章第二段最后一句"This famous saying shows the learning spirit of Confucius."可知，"三人行，必有我师焉"体现了孔子虚心向他人学习的精神，即他愿意向任何人学习。故选C项。 5. What is the best title for this passage?【主旨大意题】 通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了孔子作为一位伟大的教育家和思想家，不仅教导学生，而且自己终身学习的经历和精神。B选项"孔子：一位伟大的教师和终身学习者"最能概括文章主旨。故选B项。 第 1 页 共 30 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）When Li Hua first entered middle school, he found English quite difficult. He could hardly remember any new words, and his pronunciation was poor. He felt worried and didn't know what to do. One day, his English teacher, Miss Zhang, noticed his problem after a test. She advised him to write down new words in a notebook and go over them whenever he had time. She also suggested that he should copy down whole sentences with the new words. "This way, you are actually learning how to use the new words," she said. For pronunciation, Miss Zhang advised him to listen to English programs and repeat the texts until he could learn them by heart. She also encouraged him to speak English with his classmates as often as possible. Li Hua followed Miss Zhang's advice. He took notes carefully in every class and reviewed them every day. He joined an English corner and practiced speaking with his partners. At the end of the term, he could raise questions and share his opinions in front of the whole class. His English improved a lot. "Talk to your teachers and learn from your classmates," Li Hua said to other students. "You will find your own way to improve your study." ( )1. What was Li Hua's problem in learning English at first? A. He didn't like his English teacher. B. He found English difficult and couldn't remember new words. C. He didn't want to go to school. D. He had no time to study English. ( )2. What advice did Miss Zhang give Li Hua about remembering new words? A. Read English books every day. B. Write down new words with sentences in a notebook. C. Ask parents for help. D. Use a dictionary every time he met a new word. ( )3. How did Miss Zhang advise Li Hua to improve his pronunciation? A. By taking more English tests. B. By listening to English programs and repeating texts. C. By copying words many times. D. By watching Chinese movies. ( )4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as Li Hua's improvement? A. He could remember new words easily. B. He could raise questions in class. C. He could share his opinions in front of the class. D. He won an English speech contest. ( )5. What can we learn from Li Hua's story? A. English is too difficult for most students. B. Teachers should give more tests to students. C. Good learning methods and hard work can lead to improvement. D. Students should only learn from textbooks. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了李华在英语老师的帮助下，通过改进学习方法，最终提高英语成绩的经历。 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C 【详细解析】 1. What was Li Hua's problem in learning English at first?【细节理解题】 根据文章第一段"he found English quite difficult. He could hardly remember any new words, and his pronunciation was poor"可知，李华起初觉得英语很难，记不住新单词，发音也不好。故选B项。 2. What advice did Miss Zhang give Li Hua about remembering new words?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"She advised him to write down new words in a notebook and go over them whenever he had time. She also suggested that he should copy down whole sentences with the new words."可知，张老师建议李华把新单词和整个句子一起抄在笔记本上。故选B项。 3. How did Miss Zhang advise Li Hua to improve his pronunciation?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"Miss Zhang advised him to listen to English programs and repeat the texts until he could learn them by heart."可知，张老师建议他听英语节目并跟读课文。故选B项。 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as Li Hua's improvement?【细节理解题】 根据文章第三段"At the end of the term, he could raise questions and share his opinions in front of the whole class."可知，A、B、C三项都有体现，但D项"赢得英语演讲比赛"文中未提及。故选D项。 5. What can we learn from Li Hua's story?【推理判断题】 通读全文可知，李华在老师的指导下采用了正确的学习方法，并通过努力最终取得了进步。这个故事告诉我们好的学习方法和努力可以带来进步。故选C项。 Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·山东青岛·期末）Many students find math difficult and boring. However, Wang Mei, a 14-year-old girl from Qingdao, has a completely different opinion. "Math is like a puzzle game," she said. "When you solve a difficult problem, you feel a strong sense of achievement." Wang Mei wasn't always good at math. In primary school, she often got low marks in math tests. Her mother was worried and sent her to after-school tutoring classes, but it didn't help much. Later, Wang Mei's father, a math teacher, told her, "Don't just memorize formulas. Try to understand why the formulas work." He encouraged her to solve problems in different ways and to discuss difficult questions with her classmates. Wang Mei took her father's advice. She started to think about the logic behind every formula. When she met a difficult problem, she would try to break it down into smaller parts. She also formed a study group with three friends. They met every weekend to discuss math problems and share different solutions. After half a year of hard work, Wang Mei's math grade improved from 65 to 92. She even won the second prize in the city math competition. "Math is not about being smart," Wang Mei said. "It's about being persistent and finding the right way to learn." ( )1. What did Wang Mei think of math after she improved? A. It was boring and useless. B. It was too difficult for her. C. It was like a puzzle game that brought achievement. D. It was only for smart students. ( )2. What advice did Wang Mei's father give her? A. Memorize all the formulas. B. Go to more tutoring classes. C. Try to understand why formulas work. D. Do as many exercises as possible. ( )3. How did Wang Mei study math with her friends? A. They asked teachers for help every day. B. They met every weekend to discuss problems and share solutions. C. They competed with each other to get higher marks. D. They watched online math videos together. ( )4. What happened to Wang Mei after half a year? A. She gave up learning math. B. Her math grade improved greatly and she won a prize. C. She became a math teacher. D. She moved to another city. ( )5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Math competitions are important for students. B. Study groups are the best way to learn math. C. The right learning methods and persistence can help you succeed. D. Students should listen to their parents' advice. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了青岛女孩王梅从数学成绩不佳到通过改变学习方法取得进步的故事。 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 【详细解析】 1. What did Wang Mei think of math after she improved?【细节理解题】 根据文章第一段"Math is like a puzzle game," she said. "When you solve a difficult problem, you feel a strong sense of achievement."可知，王梅认为数学像一个解谜游戏，解决问题能带来成就感。故选C项。 2. What advice did Wang Mei's father give her?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"Don't just memorize formulas. Try to understand why the formulas work."可知，王梅的父亲建议她不要只记公式，而要理解公式背后的原理。故选C项。 3. How did Wang Mei study math with her friends?【细节理解题】 根据文章第三段"She also formed a study group with three friends. They met every weekend to discuss math problems and share different solutions."可知，王梅和朋友们每周末见面讨论数学题并分享不同的解题方法。故选B项。 4. What happened to Wang Mei after half a year?【细节理解题】 根据文章第四段"After half a year of hard work, Wang Mei's math grade improved from 65 to 92. She even won the second prize in the city math competition."可知，半年后王梅的数学成绩从65分提高到了92分，还在市数学竞赛中获得了二等奖。故选B项。 5. What is the main idea of this passage?【主旨大意题】 通读全文，文章讲述了王梅通过改变学习方法、坚持不懈，最终在数学上取得成功的故事。C选项"正确的学习方法和坚持可以帮助你成功"最能概括文章主旨。故选C项。 话题2 金钱与消费 Passage 4 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期末）The history of money is a long and interesting story. Before people used money, they traded goods directly. For example, a person might trade a cow for five sheep. In this case, the cow was used as a form of "money". This way of trading is called barter. People in ancient China invented shell money. Shells were small, easy to carry, and could be used to buy things. Even today we can see the symbol of "shell" in many Chinese characters about money or trade, such as "财" (wealth) and "购" (purchase). During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BCE—476 BCE), each state made their own money. Later, Emperor Qin Shihuang created the Qin Dynasty and made the whole country use the same type of money — a round coin with a square hole in the center. Centuries later, when there was less metal for making money, the government of the Song Dynasty started to produce paper money — "jiaozi". This great invention later also appeared in other parts of the world. Now, as information technology develops, people begin to use digital money. If a foreign tourist visits China today, he will find people pay for almost everything through their mobile phones. What will money look like in the future? Will there still be paper money? We may not have answers to those questions. But money will surely continue to exist in some form. ( )1. What was the earliest form of trading mentioned in the passage? A. Using paper money. B. Trading goods directly. C. Using mobile phones. D. Using coins with square holes. ( )2. Why did ancient Chinese people use shells as money? A. Because shells were very beautiful. B. Because shells were small, easy to carry, and could be used to buy things. C. Because shells were rare and expensive. D. Because the king ordered them to do so. ( )3. What was special about Qin Shihuang's money? A. It was made of paper. B. It was a round coin with a square hole in the center. C. It was the first to use shells. D. It was only used in one state. ( )4. When did paper money first appear according to the passage? A. During the Spring and Autumn Period. B. In the Qin Dynasty. C. In the Song Dynasty. D. In modern times. ( )5. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. China invented the first money in the world. B. Digital money is better than paper money. C. The history and development of money. D. Foreign tourists should use mobile payment in China. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了货币从实物交换到数字货币的发展历程，展现了中国在货币发展史上的重要贡献。 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 【详细解析】 1. What was the earliest form of trading mentioned in the passage?【细节理解题】 根据文章第一段"Before people used money, they traded goods directly."可知，最早的交易方式是直接的物物交换。故选B项。 2. Why did ancient Chinese people use shells as money?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"Shells were small, easy to carry, and could be used to buy things."可知，贝壳作为货币是因为它们小巧、便于携带且可以用来购买物品。故选B项。 3. What was special about Qin Shihuang's money?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"he made the whole country use the same type of money — a round coin with a square hole in the center."可知，秦始皇统一货币，其特征是圆形方孔钱。故选B项。 4. When did paper money first appear according to the passage?【细节理解题】 根据文章第三段"the government of the Song Dynasty started to produce paper money — "jiaozi""可知，纸币最早出现在宋朝。故选C项。 5. What does the writer mainly want to tell us?【主旨大意题】 通读全文可知，文章按照时间顺序介绍了货币从物物交换到贝壳货币、金属货币、纸币再到数字货币的发展历程。C选项"货币的历史和发展"最能概括文章主旨。故选C项。 Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）Saving money is an important skill for everyone, especially for teenagers. Here, I'd like to share my saving plan. First, I make a budget and stick to it. Every month, I write down how much pocket money I get and how much I plan to spend on different things like books, snacks, and transportation. So, I can save some money in my piggy bank every week. Then, I try to spend less and avoid buying unnecessary things. Before going shopping, I always make a shopping list. I also think twice before buying something expensive. I ask myself, "Do I really need this? Can I use something else instead?" This helps me avoid wasting money. Lastly, I try to make some money on my own. For example, I collect and sell used books and wastepaper. Last summer, I also helped my neighbor walk her dog every weekend and earned 200 yuan. I put half of the money I earned into my savings. Every time I save money, I watch my money grow. This makes me feel proud of myself. Saving money also teaches me to be patient and prepare for the future. I plan to use my savings to buy a new bicycle next year. ( )1. What does the writer do first in his saving plan? A. He tries to make money. B. He makes a budget and sticks to it. C. He buys a piggy bank. D. He asks his parents for more pocket money. ( )2. How does the writer avoid wasting money? A. He never goes shopping. B. He asks his parents before buying anything. C. He makes a shopping list and thinks twice before buying expensive things. D. He only buys things on sale. ( )3. How did the writer earn money last summer? A. By selling his old toys. B. By helping his neighbor walk her dog. C. By working in a restaurant. D. By teaching other students. ( )4. What does saving money teach the writer? A. How to spend money quickly. B. To be patient and prepare for the future. C. To depend on his parents. D. To buy more things he likes. ( )5. What is the writer's plan for his savings? A. To buy a new bicycle. B. To travel abroad. C. To buy more books. D. To give it to his parents. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以第一人称介绍了一个中学生的存钱计划，包括制定预算、减少不必要开支和自主赚钱三个方面。 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 【详细解析】 1. What does the writer do first in his saving plan?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"First, I make a budget and stick to it."可知，作者存钱计划的第一步是制定预算并坚持执行。故选B项。 2. How does the writer avoid wasting money?【细节理解题】 根据文章第三段"Before going shopping, I always make a shopping list. I also think twice before buying something expensive."可知，作者通过列购物清单和三思而行来避免浪费钱。故选C项。 3. How did the writer earn money last summer?【细节理解题】 根据文章第四段"Last summer, I also helped my neighbor walk her dog every weekend and earned 200 yuan."可知，作者去年夏天通过帮邻居遛狗赚钱。故选B项。 4. What does saving money teach the writer?【细节理解题】 根据文章最后一段"Saving money also teaches me to be patient and prepare for the future."可知，存钱教会了作者耐心并为未来做准备。故选B项。 5. What is the writer's plan for his savings?【细节理解题】 根据文章最后一句"I plan to use my savings to buy a new bicycle next year."可知，作者计划用存的钱明年买一辆新自行车。故选A项。 Passage 6 （25-26八年级下·江苏南京·期末）In many colleges and universities around the world, poor students can borrow money from the government through special programs. However, the money will be just enough to satisfy their basic needs for living, and they need to pay the money back in a certain period of time after graduation. The benefits of lending the students money this way are clear. For one thing, the students will learn how to manage their money. They have to save every cent possible and spend money only on necessary things. They cannot buy expensive clothes or eat in fancy restaurants. Instead, they learn to cook by themselves and buy second-hand books. For another, they will be thankful for the support and therefore be more responsible for society in the future. Many students who received government loans said that the experience taught them the value of money. They understood how hard their parents worked to support their families. Some people worry that students may not be able to pay back the loans. But studies show that most graduates find jobs within one year and can pay back their loans on time. The government loan program has helped millions of students finish their education and realize their dreams. ( )1. What do poor students need to do after borrowing money from the government? A. They need to pay it back after graduation. B. They need to work for the government. C. They need to find a job immediately. D. They need to give up their studies. ( )2. How does borrowing money help students learn to manage money? A. They have to take more courses about money. B. They have to save every cent and only spend on necessary things. C. They have to find part-time jobs. D. They have to ask their parents for more money. ( )3. What can students learn from the loan experience according to the passage? A. How to borrow more money. B. The value of money and how hard their parents work. C. How to cook fancy meals. D. How to buy expensive clothes. ( )4. What do some people worry about the loan program? A. Students may not pay back the loans. B. The government doesn't have enough money. C. Students will spend too much money. D. The program is unfair to rich students. ( )5. What is the writer's attitude towards the government loan program? A. Worried. B. Negative. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了政府大学生贷款项目的利弊，重点阐述了该项目帮助学生学会理财和培养社会责任感的积极作用。 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 【详细解析】 1. What do poor students need to do after borrowing money from the government?【细节理解题】 根据文章第一段"they need to pay the money back in a certain period of time after graduation"可知，贫困学生需要在毕业后一定期限内偿还贷款。故选A项。 2. How does borrowing money help students learn to manage money?【细节理解题】 根据文章第二段"They have to save every cent possible and spend money only on necessary things."可知，借钱的学生必须尽可能节省每一分钱，只把钱花在必需品上。故选B项。 3. What can students learn from the loan experience according to the passage?【细节理解题】 根据文章第三段"the experience taught them the value of money. They understood how hard their parents worked to support their families."可知，贷款经历让学生懂得了金钱的价值和父母工作的不易。故选B项。 4. What do some people worry about the loan program?【细节理解题】 根据文章第四段"Some people worry that students may not be able to pay back the loans."可知，一些人担心学生可能无法偿还贷款。故选A项。 5. What is the writer's attitude towards the government loan program?【观点态度题】 通读全文，文章主要阐述了政府贷款项目的益处，如帮助学生学会理财、培养责任感，并在最后一段提到该项目已帮助数百万学生完成教育、实现梦想。由此可推断作者对该项目是支持的态度。故选C项。 话题3 自然与防灾 Passage 7 （25-26八年级下·四川成都·期末）Earthquakes happen all the time around the world. Sometimes they are just too small for people to feel. But when a serious earthquake happens, it can be very sudden and dangerous. Luckily, here are some safety tips for you to follow. To begin with, you must know where to hide. If you are indoors, hide under a strong desk and hang on to its legs. Or you can sit in the corner of the walls. If you are outdoors, find an open area and stay away from trees and power lines. In this way, you can keep off danger more easily. Besides, always prepare an emergency kit at home. In the kit, you should keep enough food and water, a flashlight, a knife, a strong rope, and other useful things. Being prepared may help save your life. Most importantly, as students, you need to take part in the safety training at school. It can help you put your knowledge into practice. For example, when the strong shaking stops, you should not move around right away. Sometimes, there will be some aftershocks, and they can be quite dangerous, too. No one expects to experience an earthquake, but no one knows whether they will have the bad luck. So, to increase our chance of surviving the natural disaster, we must always be prepared. ( )1. Where should you hide if you are indoors during an earthquake? A. Near the window. B. Under a strong desk or in the corner of the walls. C. In the elevator. D. On the balcony. ( )2. What should you keep in an emergency kit? A. Only food and water. B. Toys and games. C. Food, water, a flashlight, a knife and a strong rope. D. Mobile phones and chargers. ( )3. Why should students take part in safety training at school? A. Because it is fun. B. Because it can help them put knowledge into practice. C. Because they can skip classes. D. Because they can meet friends there. ( )4. What should you NOT do after the strong shaking stops? A. Stay calm and wait. B. Hide under a desk again. C. Move around right away. D. Listen to the teacher's instructions. ( )5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To tell us why earthquakes happen. B. To teach us how to protect ourselves during earthquakes. C. To describe how terrible earthquakes are. D. To ask us to prepare an emergency kit at home. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地震发生时的安全防护知识，包括藏身位置、应急包准备和学校安全训练等方面。 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 【详细解析】 1. Where should you hide if you are indoors during an earthquake?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"If you are indoors, hide under a strong desk and hang on to its legs. Or you can sit in the corner of the walls."可知，地震时在室内应躲在坚固的桌子下或墙角。故选B项。 2. What should you keep in an emergency kit?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"In the kit, you should keep enough food and water, a flashlight, a knife, a strong rope, and other useful things."可知，应急包中应备有食物、水、手电筒、刀和结实的绳子。故选C项。 3. Why should students take part in safety training at school?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"It can help you put your knowledge into practice."可知，学校安全训练可以帮助学生将知识付诸实践。故选B项。 4. What should you NOT do after the strong shaking stops?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"when the strong shaking stops, you should not move around right away. Sometimes, there will be some aftershocks"可知，强烈震动停止后不应立刻四处走动，因为可能会有余震。故选C项。 5. What is the main purpose of this passage?【写作意图题】 通读全文，文章从室内躲避位置、应急包准备、学校安全训练等方面介绍了地震发生时的自我保护方法。B选项最能概括写作目的。故选B项。 Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·湖南长沙·期末）Typhoons are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in coastal areas. Last summer, Typhoon Lekima hit the southern coast of China. I will never forget that experience. On August 31st, the weather report said a strong typhoon was coming. My parents and I started to make preparations. We bought enough food and clean water from the nearby supermarket. My father checked the house in and out. He repaired the broken door and fixed all the windows with glue and tape. My mother prepared candles and a flashlight in case the power went out. The typhoon arrived on the evening of September 1st. The wind was blowing harder and harder, and the rain was getting heavier and heavier. We could hear the strong wind howling outside. Some tree branches were broken and flew in the air. We sat in the living room, praying for the typhoon to pass quickly. The next morning, the typhoon finally stopped. When we went outside, we saw a terrible scene. Some trees had fallen down, and the streets were full of leaves and rubbish. Luckily, our house was safe because of my father's preparations. This experience taught me an important lesson: when facing natural disasters, being well-prepared is the best way to protect ourselves and our families. ( )1. When did Typhoon Saola arrive? A. On August 31st. B. On the evening of September 1st. C. On September 2nd. D. On the morning of September 1st. ( )2. What did the writer's father do to prepare for the typhoon? A. He bought food and water. B. He repaired the broken door and fixed all the windows. C. He prepared candles and a flashlight. D. He called the police for help. ( )3. What does the underlined word "howling" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Blowing loudly. B. Moving slowly. C. Stopping suddenly. D. Shining brightly. ( )4. Why was the writer's house safe after the typhoon? A. Because the typhoon was not strong. B. Because they lived far from the coast. C. Because of the father's preparations. D. Because the neighbors helped them. ( )5. What lesson did the writer learn from the typhoon experience? A. Typhoons are not dangerous at all. B. We should move away from coastal areas. C. Being well-prepared is the best way to protect ourselves. D. We should always stay inside during a typhoon. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者经历台风"苏拉"的故事，通过亲身感受强调了防灾准备的重要性。 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 【详细解析】 1. When did Typhoon Saola arrive?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"The typhoon arrived on the evening of September 1st."可知，台风在9月1日晚上到达。故选B项。 2. What did the writer's father do to prepare for the typhoon?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"My father checked the house in and out. He repaired the broken door and fixed all the windows with glue and tape."可知，作者的父亲修理了破门并用胶带固定了所有窗户。故选B项。 3. What does the underlined word "howling" in Paragraph 3 probably mean?【词义猜测题】 根据第三段"The wind was blowing harder and harder"和"Some tree branches were broken"可知，台风很强，风在外面呼啸。howling意为"呼啸"，与blowing loudly意思相近。故选A项。 4. Why was the writer's house safe after the typhoon?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"Luckily, our house was safe because of my father's preparations."可知，作者的房子安然无恙是因为父亲提前做了准备工作。故选C项。 5. What lesson did the writer learn from the typhoon experience?【细节理解题】 根据最后一段"being well-prepared is the best way to protect ourselves and our families"可知，作者学到的教训是充分准备是保护自己和家人的最佳方式。故选C项。 Passage 9 （25-26八年级下·河南郑州·期末）Natural disasters are becoming worse and worse because of climate change. Scientists say that the earth is getting warmer, which causes more extreme weather events like heatwaves, heavy rains, and strong storms. As students, we cannot stop climate change alone, but we can take small actions to help protect our environment. First, we should save energy in our daily life. Turn off the lights when we leave a room. Unplug electronic devices when they are not in use. Use public transportation, ride a bike, or walk to school instead of taking a car. These small actions can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the air. Second, we should reduce waste. Use reusable bags when shopping instead of plastic bags. Bring your own water bottle instead of buying bottled water. Sort your rubbish and recycle paper, plastic, and glass. Less waste means less pollution in our environment. Third, we can plant more trees. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. They also help prevent soil erosion and reduce the risk of floods. Many schools have tree-planting activities every spring. Join these activities and encourage your family and friends to plant trees in your community. Protecting the environment is not just the government job. It is everyone's responsibility. If each of us takes small steps, together we can make a big difference in fighting climate change and reducing natural disasters. ( )1. Why are natural disasters becoming worse according to the passage? A. Because people do not care about them. B. Because of climate change. C. Because the government does nothing. D. Because there are too many people on earth. ( )2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to save energy? A. Turn off the lights when leaving a room. B. Unplug electronic devices when not in use. C. Use public transportation or ride a bike. D. Buy more electronic products. ( )3. What does the word "absorb" mean in Chinese? A. 释放 B. 吸收 C. 转化 D. 储存 ( )4. How can students help plant more trees? A. By buying trees from shops. B. By joining school tree-planting activities. C. By drawing pictures of trees. D. By asking the government to plant trees. ( )5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Natural disasters are very dangerous. B. The government should do more to protect the environment. C. Students can take small actions to help protect the environment. D. Climate change cannot be stopped. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了气候变化导致自然灾害加剧的问题，并从节约能源、减少浪费、植树造林三个方面提出了学生可以参与的行动建议。 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 【详细解析】 1. Why are natural disasters becoming worse according to the passage?【细节理解题】 根据第一段"Natural disasters are becoming worse and worse because of climate change."可知，自然灾害变得越来越严重是因为气候变化。故选B项。 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to save energy?【细节理解题】 根据第二段，A、B、C三项都有提及。D项不仅不是节能方法，反而会增加能源消耗。故选D项。 3. What does the word "absorb" mean in Chinese?【词义猜测题】 根据第四段"Trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen"可知，树木吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气。absorb意为"吸收"。故选B项。 4. How can students help plant more trees?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"Many schools have tree-planting activities every spring. Join these activities"可知，学生可通过参加学校植树活动来参与。故选B项。 5. What is the main idea of the passage?【主旨大意题】 通读全文，文章从节约能源、减少浪费、植树造林三个方面论述了学生可采取的小行动来保护环境。C选项最能概括主旨。故选C项。 话题4 心理健康与情绪管理 Passage 10 （25-26八年级下·陕西西安·期末）Xuanxuan is under great pressure now because the exams are coming. She does not want to disappoint herself and her parents. She searches online to find ways to get out of pressure. Here is some advice she found. Talk to someone. Talk with your parents, teachers or friends. Let them know your worries and try to get help. You will feel better after you share your problems. Keeping everything inside will only make you feel worse. Listen to music. Music can help change your feelings. Music can make you calm and encourage you to step forward. Choose songs that make you feel relaxed and positive. Some students also find that playing a musical instrument helps them release stress. Imagine your success in the exams. Close your eyes and picture yourself doing well in the exam room. Now you need to study hard, and soon your dream will come true. Positive thinking can give you more confidence and motivation. Do some exercise. Physical activity is a great way to reduce stress. When you exercise, your body produces chemicals that make you feel happy. Even a 20-minute walk after dinner can help clear your mind and improve your mood. Remember, pressure is a normal part of life. The key is to learn how to deal with it in a healthy way. ( )1. Why is Xuanxuan under great pressure? A. Because she has too much homework. B. Because the exams are coming. C. Because she had a fight with her friend. D. Because her parents are too strict. ( )2. What does the writer advise us to do first when feeling stressed? A. Keep everything inside. B. Talk to someone about our worries. C. Study harder. D. Stay in our room alone. ( )3. How can music help reduce stress? A. By making us forget our problems. B. By making us calm and encouraging us. C. By helping us sleep better. D. By improving our grades. ( )4. Why is exercise good for reducing stress? A. Because it makes us tired. B. Because our body produces happy chemicals when exercising. C. Because we can meet friends while exercising. D. Because exercise helps us get better grades. ( )5. What is the best title for this passage? A. How to Prepare for Exams B. How to Get Out of Pressure C. The Importance of Exercise D. Why We Feel Stressed 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以萱萱面临考试压力为例，介绍了五种缓解压力的方法：与人倾诉、听音乐、积极想象、运动锻炼。 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 【详细解析】 1. Why is Xuanxuan under great pressure?【细节理解题】 根据第一段"Xuanxuan is under great pressure now because the exams are coming."可知，萱萱压力大是因为考试临近。故选B项。 2. What does the writer advise us to do first when feeling stressed?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"Talk to someone. Talk with your parents, teachers or friends. Let them know your worries and try to get help."可知，作者建议感到压力时首先与人倾诉。故选B项。 3. How can music help reduce stress?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"Music can make you calm and encourage you to step forward."可知，音乐可以帮助我们平静并鼓励我们前进。故选B项。 4. Why is exercise good for reducing stress?【细节理解题】 根据第五段"When you exercise, your body produces chemicals that make you feel happy."可知，运动时身体会产生让我们感到快乐的化学物质。故选B项。 5. What is the best title for this passage?【主旨大意题】 通读全文，文章围绕缓解压力的主题，介绍了五种实用的减压方法。B选项"如何摆脱压力"最能概括文章主旨。故选B项。 Passage 11 （25-26八年级下·山西太原·期末）A middle school in Taiyuan did a survey about students' mental health. They asked 500 students from Grade 7 and Grade 8 some questions. Here are the results. About 45% of the students said they often feel stressed because of too much homework and high expectations from parents. 30% of the students said they sometimes feel lonely and have difficulty making friends. 15% said they often feel sad without knowing why. Only 10% said they feel happy most of the time. The school invited Dr. Li, a psychologist, to give a talk to the students. Dr. Li said that it is normal for teenagers to have emotional ups and downs because their bodies and minds are changing rapidly. He gave three pieces of advice. First, accept your feelings. It is okay to feel sad, angry, or worried sometimes. These feelings are part of being human. Do not try to hide or deny them. Second, develop healthy habits. Get enough sleep, eat healthy food, and exercise regularly. A healthy body supports a healthy mind. Third, find something you enjoy. Whether it is reading, painting, playing sports, or listening to music, having a hobby can help you relax and feel good about yourself. The school also plans to set up a "Heart-to-Heart" club where students can talk about their feelings in a safe and friendly environment. ( )1. How many students said they often feel stressed? A. About 10%. B. About 30%. C. About 45%. D. About 15%. ( )2. Why did Dr. Li say it is normal for teenagers to have emotional ups and downs? A. Because they have too much homework. B. Because their bodies and minds are changing rapidly. C. Because their parents are too strict. D. Because they do not have friends. ( )3. Which of the following is NOT Dr. Li's advice? A. Accept your feelings. B. Develop healthy habits. C. Find something you enjoy. D. Take more exams to get used to pressure. ( )4. What does the school plan to do to help students? A. Reduce the amount of homework. B. Set up a "Heart-to-Heart" club. C. Invite more psychologists. D. Cancel all exams. ( )5. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A. To show that most students are unhappy. B. To tell us about students' mental health problems and how to deal with them. C. To criticize schools for not caring about students. D. To ask parents to be less strict with their children. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇调查报告。文章介绍了太原某中学关于学生心理健康的调查结果，并引用心理学家的建议给出了三条维护心理健康的建议。 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. B 【详细解析】 1. How many students said they often feel stressed?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"About 45% of the students said they often feel stressed"可知，约45%的学生表示经常感到压力。故选C项。 2. Why did Dr. Li say it is normal for teenagers to have emotional ups and downs?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"it is normal for teenagers to have emotional ups and downs because their bodies and minds are changing rapidly"可知，青少年情绪波动是正常的，因为他们的身心正在快速变化。故选B项。 3. Which of the following is NOT Dr. Li's advice?【细节理解题】 根据文章第四至六段，A、B、C三项都是李医生的建议。D项"多参加考试以适应压力"文中并未提及。故选D项。 4. What does the school plan to do to help students?【细节理解题】 根据最后一段"The school also plans to set up a " + Heart-to-Heart + " club"可知，学校计划成立"心连心"俱乐部来帮助学生。故选B项。 5. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage?【写作意图题】 通读全文，文章先介绍了学生心理健康调查的结果，然后引用专家建议给出维护心理健康的方法。B选项最能概括写作目的。故选B项。 话题5 运动与健康 Passage 12 （25-26八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期末）Do you often feel tired after a long day of studying? Do you find it hard to focus in class? The answer might be simple: you need more exercise. Many students think that exercise takes away time from studying. However, research shows that students who exercise regularly actually do better in school. When you exercise, your heart pumps more blood to your brain. This helps your brain work better and improves your memory. A study in the US found that students who did 30 minutes of exercise every day got 15% higher test scores than those who did not. Exercise also helps reduce stress and improve sleep. When you are stressed about exams, going for a run or playing basketball can help you relax. After exercising, you will sleep more deeply, which means you will wake up feeling more energetic the next morning. The good news is that you do not need to spend hours in the gym to get these benefits. Just 30 minutes of moderate exercise, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, three to five times a week is enough. You can also break it into shorter periods, like walking to school or taking the stairs instead of the elevator. So, the next time you feel too busy to exercise, remember: a little exercise can make a big difference in your study and your health. ( )1. Why do some students not want to exercise? A. Because they do not like sports. B. Because they think exercise takes away time from studying. C. Because they are too tired to exercise. D. Because their parents do not allow it. ( )2. What did the US study find about exercise and test scores? A. Exercise has no effect on test scores. B. Students who exercise got 15% lower scores. C. Students who exercise 30 minutes daily got 15% higher scores. D. Only running helps improve scores. ( )3. How does exercise help with sleep? A. It makes us feel more tired. B. It helps us sleep more deeply. C. It makes us go to bed earlier. D. It gives us more dreams. ( )4. What does "moderate" exercise mean in Paragraph 4? A. Very hard exercise. B. Light and easy exercise. C. Medium-level exercise that is not too hard or too easy. D. Exercise that lasts for hours. ( )5. What does the writer want to tell us? A. We should spend more time in the gym. B. Exercise is a waste of time for students. C. A little exercise can improve both study and health. D. Only running and swimming are good exercises. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了运动对学生学习和健康的积极作用，包括提高大脑工作效率、改善记忆、减轻压力、改善睡眠等。 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 【详细解析】 1. Why do some students not want to exercise?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"Many students think that exercise takes away time from studying."可知，一些学生不愿运动是因为他们认为运动会占用学习时间。故选B项。 2. What did the US study find about exercise and test scores?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"A study in the US found that students who did 30 minutes of exercise every day got 15% higher test scores than those who did not."可知，每天运动30分钟的学生考试成绩高出15%。故选C项。 3. How does exercise help with sleep?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"After exercising, you will sleep more deeply, which means you will wake up feeling more energetic"可知，运动后睡眠更深沉，第二天更有精神。故选B项。 4. What does "moderate" exercise mean in Paragraph 4?【词义猜测题】 根据第四段"such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming"可知，moderate exercise指的是像快走、骑车、游泳这样的中等强度运动，既不太剧烈也不太轻松。故选C项。 5. What does the writer want to tell us?【主旨大意题】 通读全文，文章论述了运动对学习和健康的积极影响，并在最后一段总结"a little exercise can make a big difference in your study and your health"。C选项最能概括主旨。故选C项。 Passage 13 （25-26八年级下·云南昆明·期末）With the development of the Internet, more and more teenagers spend most of their free time online. They chat with friends, watch videos, and play games on their phones or computers. While the Internet brings fun and convenience, spending too much time online can harm teenagers health in many ways. First, too much screen time hurts the eyes. Many teenagers now have poor eyesight because they stare at screens for hours every day. Doctors suggest that we should rest our eyes for 10 minutes after every 40 minutes of screen time. Second, sitting for long periods is bad for the body. Teenagers who spend too much time online often do not get enough physical exercise. This can lead to weight problems and weak muscles. Studies show that teenagers should get at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day. Third, using phones before bedtime affects sleep quality. The blue light from screens makes it harder to fall asleep. Many teenagers stay up late playing games or watching videos, which makes them feel tired and unable to focus in class the next day. To stay healthy, teenagers should limit their screen time. Experts recommend no more than 2 hours of recreational screen time per day. Spend more time doing outdoor activities, reading books, or talking with family and friends face to face. A balanced life is the key to good health. ( )1. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The benefits of the Internet. B. How spending too much time online harms teenagers' health. C. Different types of online games. D. How to use computers for studying. ( )2. How often should we rest our eyes according to doctors? A. Every 20 minutes. B. Every 40 minutes. C. Every 60 minutes. D. Every 80 minutes. ( )3. Why do teenagers who spend too much time online often have weight problems? A. Because they eat too much junk food. B. Because they sit for long periods and do not get enough exercise. C. Because the Internet makes them hungry. D. Because their parents do not cook healthy food. ( )4. What affects sleep quality when using phones before bedtime? A. The loud sound. B. The blue light from screens. C. The interesting games. D. The hot temperature of the phone. ( )5. How much recreational screen time do experts recommend per day? A. No more than 1 hour. B. No more than 2 hours. C. No more than 3 hours. D. As much as we want. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章从视力损伤、缺乏运动、睡眠质量三个方面论述了过度上网对青少年健康的危害，并提出了合理使用电子产品的建议。 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 【详细解析】 1. What does the passage mainly talk about?【主旨大意题】 通读全文，文章从视力损伤、缺乏运动、睡眠质量三个方面论述了过度上网对青少年健康的危害。B选项最能概括主旨。故选B项。 2. How often should we rest our eyes according to doctors?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"Doctors suggest that we should rest our eyes for 10 minutes after every 40 minutes of screen time."可知，医生建议每40分钟屏幕时间后休息眼睛10分钟。故选B项。 3. Why do teenagers who spend too much time online often have weight problems?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"sitting for long periods is bad for the body. Teenagers who spend too much time online often do not get enough physical exercise. This can lead to weight problems"可知，长时间上网导致久坐不动、缺乏运动，从而引发体重问题。故选B项。 4. What affects sleep quality when using phones before bedtime?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"The blue light from screens makes it harder to fall asleep."可知，屏幕发出的蓝光使人难以入睡，影响睡眠质量。故选B项。 5. How much recreational screen time do experts recommend per day?【细节理解题】 根据最后一段"Experts recommend no more than 2 hours of recreational screen time per day."可知，专家建议每天娱乐性屏幕时间不超过2小时。故选B项。 Passage 14 （25-26八年级下·吉林长春·期末）Breakfast is often called the most important meal of the day. But many teenagers skip breakfast because they want to sleep a little longer or because they think it will help them lose weight. In fact, skipping breakfast is a bad habit that can seriously affect your health and study. When you wake up in the morning, your body has not had food for 8 to 10 hours. Your blood sugar level is low, and your brain needs energy to work properly. If you do not eat breakfast, you may feel tired, dizzy, and unable to concentrate in class. A study shows that students who eat breakfast regularly get 20% higher marks in math tests than those who skip breakfast. Some people think skipping breakfast can help them lose weight. This is not true. When you skip breakfast, you will feel very hungry by lunchtime and eat more than usual. Research has found that people who eat breakfast regularly are actually less likely to be overweight than those who skip it. A healthy breakfast should include foods from different groups. For example, whole-grain bread or porridge provides carbohydrates for energy. Milk or eggs provide protein to help you grow. Fruit provides vitamins to keep you healthy. Avoid sugary cereals and fried foods, which give you a quick energy burst but make you feel tired soon after. So, start your day right with a healthy breakfast. It only takes 10 minutes, but it will give you the energy you need for the whole morning. ( )1. Why do many teenagers skip breakfast? A. Because they do not like breakfast food. B. Because they want to sleep longer or think it helps lose weight. C. Because their parents do not cook breakfast. D. Because breakfast is too expensive. ( )2. What happens if you do not eat breakfast? A. You will feel energetic. B. You may feel tired, dizzy, and unable to concentrate. C. You will lose weight quickly. D. You will not feel hungry at all. ( )3. Is skipping breakfast helpful for losing weight? A. Yes, it is the best way to lose weight. B. No, people who skip breakfast are more likely to be overweight. C. Yes, but only for teenagers. D. It depends on what you eat for lunch. ( )4. What should a healthy breakfast include? A. Only fruit. B. Sugary cereals and fried foods. C. Foods from different groups like carbohydrates, protein, and vitamins. D. Only milk and bread. ( )5. What is the writer's opinion about breakfast? A. Breakfast is not necessary. B. Skipping breakfast is good for health. C. Everyone should eat a healthy breakfast every day. D. Breakfast is only important for students. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章从提供能量、帮助学习、控制体重三个方面论述了吃早餐的重要性，并给出了健康早餐的建议。 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 【详细解析】 1. Why do many teenagers skip breakfast?【细节理解题】 根据第一段"many teenagers skip breakfast because they want to sleep a little longer or because they think it will help them lose weight"可知，许多青少年不吃早餐是因为想多睡一会儿或认为有助于减肥。故选B项。 2. What happens if you do not eat breakfast?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"If you do not eat breakfast, you may feel tired, dizzy, and unable to concentrate in class."可知，不吃早餐可能使人感到疲倦、头晕，无法集中注意力。故选B项。 3. Is skipping breakfast helpful for losing weight?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"people who eat breakfast regularly are actually less likely to be overweight than those who skip it"可知，规律吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更不容易超重。故选B项。 4. What should a healthy breakfast include?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"A healthy breakfast should include foods from different groups...whole-grain bread or porridge provides carbohydrates...Milk or eggs provide protein...Fruit provides vitamins"可知，健康早餐应包含不同种类的食物，如碳水化合物、蛋白质和维生素。故选C项。 5. What is the writer's opinion about breakfast?【观点态度题】 通读全文，作者从不吃早餐的危害和健康早餐的重要性等方面论述，并在最后一段呼吁"start your day right with a healthy breakfast"，可见作者认为每个人都应该每天吃健康早餐。故选C项。 话题6 志愿服务与社会实践 Passage 15 （25-26八年级下·广西南宁·期末）Last summer vacation, 15 students from Class 3, Grade 8 of Nanning No. 14 Middle School did something special. They formed a volunteer team called "Sunshine Helpers" and spent two weeks teaching children in a mountain village. The village was in a remote area with no proper school building. The children there had only one teacher for all subjects and all grades. Most of the children had never left the village and knew little about the outside world. The volunteer team prepared carefully before the trip. They collected over 200 books, 50 school bags, and some sports equipment from their schoolmates. They also designed interesting lessons about science, art, and English. Each student volunteer was responsible for teaching one subject. During the two weeks, the volunteers not only gave lessons but also played games with the village children. They taught them how to use computers and showed them photos of big cities. The village children were very curious and asked many questions. "This experience changed my view of life," said Li Wei, one of the volunteers. "I used to complain about my school and homework. Now I realize how lucky I am. I also learned that even small acts of kindness can bring big changes to others." The head teacher of the village school was deeply moved. "These young volunteers brought not only knowledge but also hope to our children," he said. "They showed our children that there is a bigger world waiting for them." ( )1. What did the volunteer team do last summer vacation? A. They traveled around big cities. B. They spent two weeks teaching children in a mountain village. C. They collected money for poor schools. D. They organized a sports competition. ( )2. What did the volunteers prepare before the trip? A. They bought new clothes for the village children. B. They collected books, school bags, and sports equipment. C. They built a new school building. D. They asked the government for money. ( )3. What did Li Wei learn from the experience? A. Village children are smarter than city children. B. He is very lucky and small acts of kindness can bring big changes. C. Teaching is an easy job. D. City schools are not good enough. ( )4. What did the village school head teacher think of the volunteers? A. He thought they were too young to teach. B. He thought they brought knowledge and hope to the children. C. He thought they should stay longer. D. He thought they disturbed the normal teaching. ( )5. What is the best title for this passage? A. A Poor Mountain Village B. How to Be a Good Teacher C. Sunshine Helpers: Bringing Hope to Mountain Children D. The Difficulties of Mountain Schools 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了南宁十四中志愿者团队到山区支教的经历，体现了志愿服务的意义和价值。 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 【详细解析】 1. What did the volunteer team do last summer vacation?【细节理解题】 根据第一段"They formed a volunteer team called " + Sunshine Helpers + " and spent two weeks teaching children in a mountain village."可知，志愿者团队在暑假花了两周时间到山村支教。故选B项。 2. What did the volunteers prepare before the trip?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"They collected over 200 books, 50 school bags, and some sports equipment from their schoolmates."可知，志愿者们收集了书籍、书包和体育器材。故选B项。 3. What did Li Wei learn from the experience?【细节理解题】 根据第五段"Now I realize how lucky I am. I also learned that even small acts of kindness can bring big changes to others."可知，李伟意识到自己很幸运，也明白了即使是小小的善举也能给他人带来巨大改变。故选B项。 4. What did the village school head teacher think of the volunteers?【细节理解题】 根据最后一段"These young volunteers brought not only knowledge but also hope to our children"可知，校长认为志愿者们给孩子们带来了知识和希望。故选B项。 5. What is the best title for this passage?【主旨大意题】 通读全文，文章围绕"阳光 helpers"志愿者团队到山区支教的经历展开，讲述了他们给山区孩子带来知识和希望的故事。C选项最能概括主旨。故选C项。 Passage 16 （25-26八年级下·贵州贵阳·期末）Community service is an important part of education in many countries. In the United States, most high schools require students to complete at least 40 hours of community service before they graduate. Some schools in China are now starting similar programs. Community service means doing unpaid work to help people in your community. It can include many different activities. For example, students can help clean up public parks, visit elderly people in nursing homes, or assist at animal shelters. Some students tutor younger children who need help with their studies. Others organize donation drives to collect clothes, books, or food for people in need. Why is community service important for students? First, it helps students develop a sense of social responsibility. When students see the problems in their community and take action to help, they learn that they can make a difference. Second, community service provides opportunities to learn new skills. Students can practice communication, teamwork, and problem-solving. Third, it helps students understand different kinds of people and develop empathy. A student named Zhang Ming from Guiyang shared his experience. "Last year, I volunteered at a community library every Saturday. I helped organize books and read stories to young children. At first, I thought it was boring. But after a few weeks, I really enjoyed it. The children were so happy to see me every week. I felt proud that I was doing something useful for my community." Community service is not just about helping others. It is also about growing as a person. The experiences and lessons students gain from community service will stay with them for life. ( )1. How many hours of community service do most US high schools require? A. At least 20 hours. B. At least 30 hours. C. At least 40 hours. D. At least 50 hours. ( )2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as community service activity? A. Cleaning up public parks. B. Visiting elderly people. C. Tutoring younger children. D. Cooking meals at restaurants. ( )3. Why is community service important for students? A. Because they can earn money. B. Because it helps develop social responsibility, new skills, and empathy. C. Because they can skip school. D. Because it is required by all schools. ( )4. How did Zhang Ming feel about volunteering at first? A. He thought it was boring. B. He thought it was very exciting. C. He thought it was too difficult. D. He thought it was a waste of time. ( )5. What does the writer think of community service? A. It is only about helping others. B. It is a waste of students' time. C. It helps students grow as a person. D. It should not be required by schools. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社区服务的概念、形式和意义，强调社区服务有助于培养学生的社会责任感、实践能力和同理心。 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 【详细解析】 1. How many hours of community service do most US high schools require?【细节理解题】 根据第一段"most high schools require students to complete at least 40 hours of community service before they graduate"可知，美国大多数高中要求学生至少完成40小时社区服务。故选C项。 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as community service activity?【细节理解题】 根据第二段，A、B、C三项都有提及。D项"在餐厅做饭"文中并未提及。故选D项。 3. Why is community service important for students?【细节理解题】 根据第三段，社区服务的重要性体现在三个方面：培养社会责任感、提供学习新技能的机会、帮助学生理解不同人群并培养同理心。故选B项。 4. How did Zhang Ming feel about volunteering at first?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"At first, I thought it was boring."可知，张明起初觉得志愿活动很无聊。故选A项。 5. What does the writer think of community service?【观点态度题】 根据最后一段"Community service is not just about helping others. It is also about growing as a person."可知，作者认为社区服务不仅是帮助他人，也是个人成长的过程。故选C项。 Passage 17 （25-26八年级下·江西南昌·期末）Every weekend, you can find a group of students wearing red vests at the entrance of Tengwangge subway station in Nanchang. They are the "Red Vest Volunteers" from Nanchang Foreign Language School. Since 2023, these student volunteers have been helping passengers at the station every Saturday morning. Their main job is to help passengers buy tickets and find the right platforms. Many elderly people are not familiar with the ticket machines, so the volunteers patiently teach them how to use the machines step by step. They also help passengers with heavy luggage and guide people with disabilities to the elevators. Besides helping passengers, the volunteers also keep the station clean. They pick up rubbish on the ground and remind passengers not to eat or drink in the station. When there are too many passengers, they help the station staff guide the crowd and keep order. Wang Fang, a 14-year-old volunteer, said, "I have learned a lot from this experience. I used to be shy and afraid to talk to strangers. Now I can communicate with different people confidently. I have also learned how to deal with unexpected problems. Last week, an old man felt sick at the station. I stayed calm and called for help immediately." The subway station manager praised the volunteers highly. "These students are very responsible and helpful. They have become an important part of our station service. Many passengers have told us that they feel warm and safe when they see the red vests at the station." The "Red Vest Volunteers" program has become a model for student volunteer activities in Nanchang. More and more schools are starting similar programs to encourage students to serve their community. ( )1. Where do the Red Vest Volunteers work? A. At a bus station. B. At Tengwangge subway station. C. At a train station. D. At an airport. ( )2. What do the volunteers mainly help passengers with? A. Buying tickets and finding platforms. B. Carrying luggage to their homes. C. Cooking meals. D. Buying food and drinks. ( )3. How has the volunteer experience changed Wang Fang? A. She has become more shy. B. She can now communicate with different people confidently. C. She has learned how to drive a subway. D. She does not like strangers anymore. ( )4. What did the station manager say about the volunteers? A. They are noisy and cause trouble. B. They are responsible and helpful. C. They do not work hard enough. D. They should work at other stations. ( )5. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. The Red Vest program is becoming a model for other schools. B. The volunteers will stop working at the station. C. The subway station is too crowded. D. Students do not like volunteer work. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了南昌外国语学校"红马甲志愿者"在地铁站服务的经历，展现了学生志愿服务对个人成长和社会服务的双重价值。 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 【详细解析】 1. Where do the Red Vest Volunteers work?【细节理解题】 根据第一段"you can find a group of students wearing red vests at the entrance of Tengwangge subway station in Nanchang"可知，红马甲志愿者在滕王阁地铁站服务。故选B项。 2. What do the volunteers mainly help passengers with?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"Their main job is to help passengers buy tickets and find the right platforms."可知，志愿者的主要工作是帮助乘客购票和找到正确的站台。故选A项。 3. How has the volunteer experience changed Wang Fang?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"I used to be shy and afraid to talk to strangers. Now I can communicate with different people confidently."可知，王芳从害羞怕生变得能够自信地与不同的人交流。故选B项。 4. What did the station manager say about the volunteers?【细节理解题】 根据第五段"These students are very responsible and helpful."可知，站长称赞志愿者们有责任心且乐于助人。故选B项。 5. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?【段落大意题】 根据最后一段"The " + Red Vest Volunteers + " program has become a model for student volunteer activities in Nanchang. More and more schools are starting similar programs"可知，该段主要讲述红马甲志愿者项目已成为南昌学生志愿活动的典范，越来越多的学校开始效仿。故选A项。 Passage 18 （25-26八年级下·海南海口·期末）On March 5th, students from Haikou Middle School took part in a special activity called "A Day Without Waste." The goal was to experience how much waste people produce in daily life and to find ways to reduce it. Before the activity, each student had to record how much waste their family produced in one week. The results were surprising. On average, each family threw away about 10 kilograms of rubbish every day, including plastic bags, food waste, old clothes, and broken electronics. Most of this waste could have been reduced, reused, or recycled. During the activity, students tried to produce as little waste as possible. They brought reusable containers for lunch instead of using disposable boxes. They used cloth bags instead of plastic bags when shopping. Some students even made DIY crafts from old bottles and newspapers. At the end of the day, the students compared their results. The student who produced the least waste was Chen Lin. She only produced 50 grams of waste. Her secret? She prepared everything in advance. She brought her own chopsticks, a water bottle, and a handkerchief. She also convinced her parents to cook at home instead of ordering takeout. "This activity opened my eyes," said Chen Lin. "I never realized how much waste we produce every day. Small changes in our daily habits can really make a big difference. From now on, I will try to live a greener life." The school plans to make this activity a monthly event. The head teacher said, "We hope that through this kind of practice, students can truly understand the importance of environmental protection and develop good habits." ( )1. What was the goal of the activity "A Day Without Waste"? A. To collect waste for recycling. B. To experience how much waste people produce and find ways to reduce it. C. To clean up the school campus. D. To raise money for environmental protection. ( )2. How much rubbish did each family throw away on average every day? A. About 5 kilograms. B. About 8 kilograms. C. About 10 kilograms. D. About 15 kilograms. ( )3. What did students do during the activity? A. They collected rubbish in the streets. B. They tried to produce as little waste as possible. C. They watched films about the environment. D. They asked their parents to stop cooking. ( )4. What was Chen Lin's secret to producing only 50 grams of waste? A. She did not eat anything all day. B. She prepared reusable items in advance and convinced her parents to cook at home. C. She threw her rubbish in her neighbor's bin. D. She stayed at school all day. ( )5. What does the school plan to do next? A. Stop the activity. B. Make this activity a monthly event. C. Ask students to write reports. D. Invite parents to join the activity. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了海口中学开展的"无废弃物日"活动，通过让学生亲身体验减少废弃物的实践，培养环保意识。 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 【详细解析】 1. What was the goal of the activity "A Day Without Waste"?【细节理解题】 根据第一段"The goal was to experience how much waste people produce in daily life and to find ways to reduce it."可知，活动目标是让人们体验日常产生多少废弃物并找到减少的方法。故选B项。 2. How much rubbish did each family throw away on average every day?【细节理解题】 根据第二段"each family threw away about 10 kilograms of rubbish every day"可知，每个家庭平均每天扔掉约10公斤垃圾。故选C项。 3. What did students do during the activity?【细节理解题】 根据第三段"During the activity, students tried to produce as little waste as possible."可知，学生们在活动期间尽量少产生废弃物。故选B项。 4. What was Chen Lin's secret to producing only 50 grams of waste?【细节理解题】 根据第四段"She prepared everything in advance...She also convinced her parents to cook at home instead of ordering takeout."可知，陈琳提前准备好可重复使用的物品并说服父母在家做饭。故选B项。 5. What does the school plan to do next?【细节理解题】 根据最后一段"The school plans to make this activity a monthly event."可知，学校计划将此活动定为每月一次。故选B项。 附录：阅读策略提示卡 题型 解题技巧 细节理解题 先读题干，定位关键词（数字、专有名词），回原文查找 推理判断题 寻找隐含信息，注意转折词（but, however）和情态动词 词义猜测题 根据上下文定义、对比、举例或构词法推测 主旨大意题 关注首段、末段及每段首句，排除过于宽泛或片面的选项 写作意图题 思考作者为什么写这篇文章：告知、劝说、娱乐、还是教育？ 第 4 页 共 30 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题01 阅读理解之个人成长与社会生活 （期末复习专项训练） 话题1 学习与自我提升（U7对应·常考点）P1, P2, P3 话题2 金钱与消费（U8对应） P4, P5, P6 话题3 自然与防灾（U9对应·重点） P7, P8, P9 话题4 心理健康与情绪管理（跨学科） P10, P11 话题5 运动与健康（情境创新） P12, P13, P14 话题6 志愿服务与社会实践（新考法） P15, P16, P17, P18 话题1 学习与自我提升 Passage 1 （25-26八下·北京海淀·期末）Confucius (551 BCE—479 BCE) was one of the greatest thinkers and educators during the Spring and Autumn Period. Like many other masters, Confucius started as a hard-working student. At 15, he got down to studying. He studied music, math, literature and other subjects. When he was learning Shao music in the State of Qi, he was lost in the music and hardly noticed the taste of meat for a few months. Later, Confucius opened a private school and started teaching there. People came to study at his school. One of his students was Zilu. Zilu was too confident about himself. So once Confucius told him, "To know what you know and what you do not know, that is wisdom." It tells us we should learn knowledge in an honest way. In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never stopped learning from others. Confucius told his students, "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers." This famous saying shows the learning spirit of Confucius. It is not easy to understand all the thoughts of Confucius. You may need to draw on his wisdom from time to time. Just like the master said, "Review the old knowledge and you will have new ideas." ( )1. When did Confucius begin to study hard? A. At the age of 10. B. At the age of 15. C. At the age of 20. D. At the age of 25. ( )2. What can we learn about Zilu from the passage? A. He was hard-working but not clever. B. He liked music very much. C. He was too confident about himself. D. He didn't like to study at all. ( )3. What does the underlined sentence "To know what you know and what you do not know, that is wisdom." mean? A. We should learn from others. B. We should be honest about our knowledge. C. We should review old knowledge often. D. We should study music and math. ( )4. What does the saying "When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers." show? A. Confucius liked walking with others. B. Confucius had many teachers. C. Confucius was willing to learn from anyone. D. Confucius liked to teach while walking. ( )5. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Life of Confucius B. Confucius: A Great Teacher and Lifelong Learner C. The Students of Confucius D. The Thoughts of Confucius Passage 2 （25-26八年级下·湖北武汉·期末）When Li Hua first entered middle school, he found English quite difficult. He could hardly remember any new words, and his pronunciation was poor. He felt worried and didn't know what to do. One day, his English teacher, Miss Zhang, noticed his problem after a test. She advised him to write down new words in a notebook and go over them whenever he had time. She also suggested that he should copy down whole sentences with the new words. "This way, you are actually learning how to use the new words," she said. For pronunciation, Miss Zhang advised him to listen to English programs and repeat the texts until he could learn them by heart. She also encouraged him to speak English with his classmates as often as possible. Li Hua followed Miss Zhang's advice. He took notes carefully in every class and reviewed them every day. He joined an English corner and practiced speaking with his partners. At the end of the term, he could raise questions and share his opinions in front of the whole class. His English improved a lot. "Talk to your teachers and learn from your classmates," Li Hua said to other students. "You will find your own way to improve your study." ( )1. What was Li Hua's problem in learning English at first? A. He didn't like his English teacher. B. He found English difficult and couldn't remember new words. C. He didn't want to go to school. D. He had no time to study English. ( )2. What advice did Miss Zhang give Li Hua about remembering new words? A. Read English books every day. B. Write down new words with sentences in a notebook. C. Ask parents for help. D. Use a dictionary every time he met a new word. ( )3. How did Miss Zhang advise Li Hua to improve his pronunciation? A. By taking more English tests. B. By listening to English programs and repeating texts. C. By copying words many times. D. By watching Chinese movies. ( )4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as Li Hua's improvement? A. He could remember new words easily. B. He could raise questions in class. C. He could share his opinions in front of the class. D. He won an English speech contest. ( )5. What can we learn from Li Hua's story? A. English is too difficult for most students. B. Teachers should give more tests to students. C. Good learning methods and hard work can lead to improvement. D. Students should only learn from textbooks. Passage 3 （25-26八年级下·山东青岛·期末）Many students find math difficult and boring. However, Wang Mei, a 14-year-old girl from Qingdao, has a completely different opinion. "Math is like a puzzle game," she said. "When you solve a difficult problem, you feel a strong sense of achievement." Wang Mei wasn't always good at math. In primary school, she often got low marks in math tests. Her mother was worried and sent her to after-school tutoring classes, but it didn't help much. Later, Wang Mei's father, a math teacher, told her, "Don't just memorize formulas. Try to understand why the formulas work." He encouraged her to solve problems in different ways and to discuss difficult questions with her classmates. Wang Mei took her father's advice. She started to think about the logic behind every formula. When she met a difficult problem, she would try to break it down into smaller parts. She also formed a study group with three friends. They met every weekend to discuss math problems and share different solutions. After half a year of hard work, Wang Mei's math grade improved from 65 to 92. She even won the second prize in the city math competition. "Math is not about being smart," Wang Mei said. "It's about being persistent and finding the right way to learn." ( )1. What did Wang Mei think of math after she improved? A. It was boring and useless. B. It was too difficult for her. C. It was like a puzzle game that brought achievement. D. It was only for smart students. ( )2. What advice did Wang Mei's father give her? A. Memorize all the formulas. B. Go to more tutoring classes. C. Try to understand why formulas work. D. Do as many exercises as possible. ( )3. How did Wang Mei study math with her friends? A. They asked teachers for help every day. B. They met every weekend to discuss problems and share solutions. C. They competed with each other to get higher marks. D. They watched online math videos together. ( )4. What happened to Wang Mei after half a year? A. She gave up learning math. B. Her math grade improved greatly and she won a prize. C. She became a math teacher. D. She moved to another city. ( )5. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Math competitions are important for students. B. Study groups are the best way to learn math. C. The right learning methods and persistence can help you succeed. D. Students should listen to their parents' advice. 话题2 金钱与消费 Passage 4 （25-26八年级下·广东广州·期末）The history of money is a long and interesting story. Before people used money, they traded goods directly. For example, a person might trade a cow for five sheep. In this case, the cow was used as a form of "money". This way of trading is called barter. People in ancient China invented shell money. Shells were small, easy to carry, and could be used to buy things. Even today we can see the symbol of "shell" in many Chinese characters about money or trade, such as "财" (wealth) and "购" (purchase). During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BCE—476 BCE), each state made their own money. Later, Emperor Qin Shihuang created the Qin Dynasty and made the whole country use the same type of money — a round coin with a square hole in the center. Centuries later, when there was less metal for making money, the government of the Song Dynasty started to produce paper money — "jiaozi". This great invention later also appeared in other parts of the world. Now, as information technology develops, people begin to use digital money. If a foreign tourist visits China today, he will find people pay for almost everything through their mobile phones. What will money look like in the future? Will there still be paper money? We may not have answers to those questions. But money will surely continue to exist in some form. ( )1. What was the earliest form of trading mentioned in the passage? A. Using paper money. B. Trading goods directly. C. Using mobile phones. D. Using coins with square holes. ( )2. Why did ancient Chinese people use shells as money? A. Because shells were very beautiful. B. Because shells were small, easy to carry, and could be used to buy things. C. Because shells were rare and expensive. D. Because the king ordered them to do so. ( )3. What was special about Qin Shihuang's money? A. It was made of paper. B. It was a round coin with a square hole in the center. C. It was the first to use shells. D. It was only used in one state. ( )4. When did paper money first appear according to the passage? A. During the Spring and Autumn Period. B. In the Qin Dynasty. C. In the Song Dynasty. D. In modern times. ( )5. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. China invented the first money in the world. B. Digital money is better than paper money. C. The history and development of money. D. Foreign tourists should use mobile payment in China. Passage 5 （25-26八年级下·浙江杭州·期末）Saving money is an important skill for everyone, especially for teenagers. Here, I'd like to share my saving plan. First, I make a budget and stick to it. Every month, I write down how much pocket money I get and how much I plan to spend on different things like books, snacks, and transportation. So, I can save some money in my piggy bank every week. Then, I try to spend less and avoid buying unnecessary things. Before going shopping, I always make a shopping list. I also think twice before buying something expensive. I ask myself, "Do I really need this? Can I use something else instead?" This helps me avoid wasting money. Lastly, I try to make some money on my own. For example, I collect and sell used books and wastepaper. Last summer, I also helped my neighbor walk her dog every weekend and earned 200 yuan. I put half of the money I earned into my savings. Every time I save money, I watch my money grow. This makes me feel proud of myself. Saving money also teaches me to be patient and prepare for the future. I plan to use my savings to buy a new bicycle next year. ( )1. What does the writer do first in his saving plan? A. He tries to make money. B. He makes a budget and sticks to it. C. He buys a piggy bank. D. He asks his parents for more pocket money. ( )2. How does the writer avoid wasting money? A. He never goes shopping. B. He asks his parents before buying anything. C. He makes a shopping list and thinks twice before buying expensive things. D. He only buys things on sale. ( )3. How did the writer earn money last summer? A. By selling his old toys. B. By helping his neighbor walk her dog. C. By working in a restaurant. D. By teaching other students. ( )4. What does saving money teach the writer? A. How to spend money quickly. B. To be patient and prepare for the future. C. To depend on his parents. D. To buy more things he likes. ( )5. What is the writer's plan for his savings? A. To buy a new bicycle. B. To travel abroad. C. To buy more books. D. To give it to his parents. Passage 6 （25-26八年级下·江苏南京·期末）In many colleges and universities around the world, poor students can borrow money from the government through special programs. However, the money will be just enough to satisfy their basic needs for living, and they need to pay the money back in a certain period of time after graduation. The benefits of lending the students money this way are clear. For one thing, the students will learn how to manage their money. They have to save every cent possible and spend money only on necessary things. They cannot buy expensive clothes or eat in fancy restaurants. Instead, they learn to cook by themselves and buy second-hand books. For another, they will be thankful for the support and therefore be more responsible for society in the future. Many students who received government loans said that the experience taught them the value of money. They understood how hard their parents worked to support their families. Some people worry that students may not be able to pay back the loans. But studies show that most graduates find jobs within one year and can pay back their loans on time. The government loan program has helped millions of students finish their education and realize their dreams. ( )1. What do poor students need to do after borrowing money from the government? A. They need to pay it back after graduation. B. They need to work for the government. C. They need to find a job immediately. D. They need to give up their studies. ( )2. How does borrowing money help students learn to manage money? A. They have to take more courses about money. B. They have to save every cent and only spend on necessary things. C. They have to find part-time jobs. D. They have to ask their parents for more money. ( )3. What can students learn from the loan experience according to the passage? A. How to borrow more money. B. The value of money and how hard their parents work. C. How to cook fancy meals. D. How to buy expensive clothes. ( )4. What do some people worry about the loan program? A. Students may not pay back the loans. B. The government doesn't have enough money. C. Students will spend too much money. D. The program is unfair to rich students. ( )5. What is the writer's attitude towards the government loan program? A. Worried. B. Negative. C. Supportive. D. Uninterested. 话题3 自然与防灾 Passage 7 （25-26八年级下·四川成都·期末）Earthquakes happen all the time around the world. Sometimes they are just too small for people to feel. But when a serious earthquake happens, it can be very sudden and dangerous. Luckily, here are some safety tips for you to follow. To begin with, you must know where to hide. If you are indoors, hide under a strong desk and hang on to its legs. Or you can sit in the corner of the walls. If you are outdoors, find an open area and stay away from trees and power lines. In this way, you can keep off danger more easily. Besides, always prepare an emergency kit at home. In the kit, you should keep enough food and water, a flashlight, a knife, a strong rope, and other useful things. Being prepared may help save your life. Most importantly, as students, you need to take part in the safety training at school. It can help you put your knowledge into practice. For example, when the strong shaking stops, you should not move around right away. Sometimes, there will be some aftershocks, and they can be quite dangerous, too. No one expects to experience an earthquake, but no one knows whether they will have the bad luck. So, to increase our chance of surviving the natural disaster, we must always be prepared. ( )1. Where should you hide if you are indoors during an earthquake? A. Near the window. B. Under a strong desk or in the corner of the walls. C. In the elevator. D. On the balcony. ( )2. What should you keep in an emergency kit? A. Only food and water. B. Toys and games. C. Food, water, a flashlight, a knife and a strong rope. D. Mobile phones and chargers. ( )3. Why should students take part in safety training at school? A. Because it is fun. B. Because it can help them put knowledge into practice. C. Because they can skip classes. D. Because they can meet friends there. ( )4. What should you NOT do after the strong shaking stops? A. Stay calm and wait. B. Hide under a desk again. C. Move around right away. D. Listen to the teacher's instructions. ( )5. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To tell us why earthquakes happen. B. To teach us how to protect ourselves during earthquakes. C. To describe how terrible earthquakes are. D. To ask us to prepare an emergency kit at home. Passage 8 （25-26八年级下·湖南长沙·期末）Typhoons are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in coastal areas. Last summer, Typhoon Lekima hit the southern coast of China. I will never forget that experience. On August 31st, the weather report said a strong typhoon was coming. My parents and I started to make preparations. We bought enough food and clean water from the nearby supermarket. My father checked the house in and out. He repaired the broken door and fixed all the windows with glue and tape. My mother prepared candles and a flashlight in case the power went out. The typhoon arrived on the evening of September 1st. The wind was blowing harder and harder, and the rain was getting heavier and heavier. We could hear the strong wind howling outside. Some tree branches were broken and flew in the air. We sat in the living room, praying for the typhoon to pass quickly. The next morning, the typhoon finally stopped. When we went outside, we saw a terrible scene. Some trees had fallen down, and the streets were full of leaves and rubbish. Luckily, our house was safe because of my father's preparations. This experience taught me an important lesson: when facing natural disasters, being well-prepared is the best way to protect ourselves and our families. ( )1. When did Typhoon Saola arrive? A. On August 31st. B. On the evening of September 1st. C. On September 2nd. D. On the morning of September 1st. ( )2. What did the writer's father do to prepare for the typhoon? A. He bought food and water. B. He repaired the broken door and fixed all the windows. C. He prepared candles and a flashlight. D. He called the police for help. ( )3. What does the underlined word "howling" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Blowing loudly. B. Moving slowly. C. Stopping suddenly. D. Shining brightly. ( )4. Why was the writer's house safe after the typhoon? A. Because the typhoon was not strong. B. Because they lived far from the coast. C. Because of the father's preparations. D. Because the neighbors helped them. ( )5. What lesson did the writer learn from the typhoon experience? A. Typhoons are not dangerous at all. B. We should move away from coastal areas. C. Being well-prepared is the best way to protect ourselves. D. We should always stay inside during a typhoon. Passage 9 （25-26八年级下·河南郑州·期末）Natural disasters are becoming worse and worse because of climate change. Scientists say that the earth is getting warmer, which causes more extreme weather events like heatwaves, heavy rains, and strong storms. As students, we cannot stop climate change alone, but we can take small actions to help protect our environment. First, we should save energy in our daily life. Turn off the lights when we leave a room. Unplug electronic devices when they are not in use. Use public transportation, ride a bike, or walk to school instead of taking a car. These small actions can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the air. Second, we should reduce waste. Use reusable bags when shopping instead of plastic bags. Bring your own water bottle instead of buying bottled water. Sort your rubbish and recycle paper, plastic, and glass. Less waste means less pollution in our environment. Third, we can plant more trees. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. They also help prevent soil erosion and reduce the risk of floods. Many schools have tree-planting activities every spring. Join these activities and encourage your family and friends to plant trees in your community. Protecting the environment is not just the government job. It is everyone's responsibility. If each of us takes small steps, together we can make a big difference in fighting climate change and reducing natural disasters. ( )1. Why are natural disasters becoming worse according to the passage? A. Because people do not care about them. B. Because of climate change. C. Because the government does nothing. D. Because there are too many people on earth. ( )2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to save energy? A. Turn off the lights when leaving a room. B. Unplug electronic devices when not in use. C. Use public transportation or ride a bike. D. Buy more electronic products. ( )3. What does the word "absorb" mean in Chinese? A. 释放 B. 吸收 C. 转化 D. 储存 ( )4. How can students help plant more trees? A. By buying trees from shops. B. By joining school tree-planting activities. C. By drawing pictures of trees. D. By asking the government to plant trees. ( )5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Natural disasters are very dangerous. B. The government should do more to protect the environment. C. Students can take small actions to help protect the environment. D. Climate change cannot be stopped. 话题4 心理健康与情绪管理 Passage 10 （25-26八年级下·陕西西安·期末）Xuanxuan is under great pressure now because the exams are coming. She does not want to disappoint herself and her parents. She searches online to find ways to get out of pressure. Here is some advice she found. Talk to someone. Talk with your parents, teachers or friends. Let them know your worries and try to get help. You will feel better after you share your problems. Keeping everything inside will only make you feel worse. Listen to music. Music can help change your feelings. Music can make you calm and encourage you to step forward. Choose songs that make you feel relaxed and positive. Some students also find that playing a musical instrument helps them release stress. Imagine your success in the exams. Close your eyes and picture yourself doing well in the exam room. Now you need to study hard, and soon your dream will come true. Positive thinking can give you more confidence and motivation. Do some exercise. Physical activity is a great way to reduce stress. When you exercise, your body produces chemicals that make you feel happy. Even a 20-minute walk after dinner can help clear your mind and improve your mood. Remember, pressure is a normal part of life. The key is to learn how to deal with it in a healthy way. ( )1. Why is Xuanxuan under great pressure? A. Because she has too much homework. B. Because the exams are coming. C. Because she had a fight with her friend. D. Because her parents are too strict. ( )2. What does the writer advise us to do first when feeling stressed? A. Keep everything inside. B. Talk to someone about our worries. C. Study harder. D. Stay in our room alone. ( )3. How can music help reduce stress? A. By making us forget our problems. B. By making us calm and encouraging us. C. By helping us sleep better. D. By improving our grades. ( )4. Why is exercise good for reducing stress? A. Because it makes us tired. B. Because our body produces happy chemicals when exercising. C. Because we can meet friends while exercising. D. Because exercise helps us get better grades. ( )5. What is the best title for this passage? A. How to Prepare for Exams B. How to Get Out of Pressure C. The Importance of Exercise D. Why We Feel Stressed Passage 11 （25-26八年级下·山西太原·期末）A middle school in Taiyuan did a survey about students' mental health. They asked 500 students from Grade 7 and Grade 8 some questions. Here are the results. About 45% of the students said they often feel stressed because of too much homework and high expectations from parents. 30% of the students said they sometimes feel lonely and have difficulty making friends. 15% said they often feel sad without knowing why. Only 10% said they feel happy most of the time. The school invited Dr. Li, a psychologist, to give a talk to the students. Dr. Li said that it is normal for teenagers to have emotional ups and downs because their bodies and minds are changing rapidly. He gave three pieces of advice. First, accept your feelings. It is okay to feel sad, angry, or worried sometimes. These feelings are part of being human. Do not try to hide or deny them. Second, develop healthy habits. Get enough sleep, eat healthy food, and exercise regularly. A healthy body supports a healthy mind. Third, find something you enjoy. Whether it is reading, painting, playing sports, or listening to music, having a hobby can help you relax and feel good about yourself. The school also plans to set up a "Heart-to-Heart" club where students can talk about their feelings in a safe and friendly environment. ( )1. How many students said they often feel stressed? A. About 10%. B. About 30%. C. About 45%. D. About 15%. ( )2. Why did Dr. Li say it is normal for teenagers to have emotional ups and downs? A. Because they have too much homework. B. Because their bodies and minds are changing rapidly. C. Because their parents are too strict. D. Because they do not have friends. ( )3. Which of the following is NOT Dr. Li's advice? A. Accept your feelings. B. Develop healthy habits. C. Find something you enjoy. D. Take more exams to get used to pressure. ( )4. What does the school plan to do to help students? A. Reduce the amount of homework. B. Set up a "Heart-to-Heart" club. C. Invite more psychologists. D. Cancel all exams. ( )5. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A. To show that most students are unhappy. B. To tell us about students' mental health problems and how to deal with them. C. To criticize schools for not caring about students. D. To ask parents to be less strict with their children. 话题5 运动与健康 Passage 12 （25-26八年级下·辽宁沈阳·期末）Do you often feel tired after a long day of studying? Do you find it hard to focus in class? The answer might be simple: you need more exercise. Many students think that exercise takes away time from studying. However, research shows that students who exercise regularly actually do better in school. When you exercise, your heart pumps more blood to your brain. This helps your brain work better and improves your memory. A study in the US found that students who did 30 minutes of exercise every day got 15% higher test scores than those who did not. Exercise also helps reduce stress and improve sleep. When you are stressed about exams, going for a run or playing basketball can help you relax. After exercising, you will sleep more deeply, which means you will wake up feeling more energetic the next morning. The good news is that you do not need to spend hours in the gym to get these benefits. Just 30 minutes of moderate exercise, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming, three to five times a week is enough. You can also break it into shorter periods, like walking to school or taking the stairs instead of the elevator. So, the next time you feel too busy to exercise, remember: a little exercise can make a big difference in your study and your health. ( )1. Why do some students not want to exercise? A. Because they do not like sports. B. Because they think exercise takes away time from studying. C. Because they are too tired to exercise. D. Because their parents do not allow it. ( )2. What did the US study find about exercise and test scores? A. Exercise has no effect on test scores. B. Students who exercise got 15% lower scores. C. Students who exercise 30 minutes daily got 15% higher scores. D. Only running helps improve scores. ( )3. How does exercise help with sleep? A. It makes us feel more tired. B. It helps us sleep more deeply. C. It makes us go to bed earlier. D. It gives us more dreams. ( )4. What does "moderate" exercise mean in Paragraph 4? A. Very hard exercise. B. Light and easy exercise. C. Medium-level exercise that is not too hard or too easy. D. Exercise that lasts for hours. ( )5. What does the writer want to tell us? A. We should spend more time in the gym. B. Exercise is a waste of time for students. C. A little exercise can improve both study and health. D. Only running and swimming are good exercises. Passage 13 （25-26八年级下·云南昆明·期末）With the development of the Internet, more and more teenagers spend most of their free time online. They chat with friends, watch videos, and play games on their phones or computers. While the Internet brings fun and convenience, spending too much time online can harm teenagers health in many ways. First, too much screen time hurts the eyes. Many teenagers now have poor eyesight because they stare at screens for hours every day. Doctors suggest that we should rest our eyes for 10 minutes after every 40 minutes of screen time. Second, sitting for long periods is bad for the body. Teenagers who spend too much time online often do not get enough physical exercise. This can lead to weight problems and weak muscles. Studies show that teenagers should get at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day. Third, using phones before bedtime affects sleep quality. The blue light from screens makes it harder to fall asleep. Many teenagers stay up late playing games or watching videos, which makes them feel tired and unable to focus in class the next day. To stay healthy, teenagers should limit their screen time. Experts recommend no more than 2 hours of recreational screen time per day. Spend more time doing outdoor activities, reading books, or talking with family and friends face to face. A balanced life is the key to good health. ( )1. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. The benefits of the Internet. B. How spending too much time online harms teenagers' health. C. Different types of online games. D. How to use computers for studying. ( )2. How often should we rest our eyes according to doctors? A. Every 20 minutes. B. Every 40 minutes. C. Every 60 minutes. D. Every 80 minutes. ( )3. Why do teenagers who spend too much time online often have weight problems? A. Because they eat too much junk food. B. Because they sit for long periods and do not get enough exercise. C. Because the Internet makes them hungry. D. Because their parents do not cook healthy food. ( )4. What affects sleep quality when using phones before bedtime? A. The loud sound. B. The blue light from screens. C. The interesting games. D. The hot temperature of the phone. ( )5. How much recreational screen time do experts recommend per day? A. No more than 1 hour. B. No more than 2 hours. C. No more than 3 hours. D. As much as we want. Passage 14 （25-26八年级下·吉林长春·期末）Breakfast is often called the most important meal of the day. But many teenagers skip breakfast because they want to sleep a little longer or because they think it will help them lose weight. In fact, skipping breakfast is a bad habit that can seriously affect your health and study. When you wake up in the morning, your body has not had food for 8 to 10 hours. Your blood sugar level is low, and your brain needs energy to work properly. If you do not eat breakfast, you may feel tired, dizzy, and unable to concentrate in class. A study shows that students who eat breakfast regularly get 20% higher marks in math tests than those who skip breakfast. Some people think skipping breakfast can help them lose weight. This is not true. When you skip breakfast, you will feel very hungry by lunchtime and eat more than usual. Research has found that people who eat breakfast regularly are actually less likely to be overweight than those who skip it. A healthy breakfast should include foods from different groups. For example, whole-grain bread or porridge provides carbohydrates for energy. Milk or eggs provide protein to help you grow. Fruit provides vitamins to keep you healthy. Avoid sugary cereals and fried foods, which give you a quick energy burst but make you feel tired soon after. So, start your day right with a healthy breakfast. It only takes 10 minutes, but it will give you the energy you need for the whole morning. ( )1. Why do many teenagers skip breakfast? A. Because they do not like breakfast food. B. Because they want to sleep longer or think it helps lose weight. C. Because their parents do not cook breakfast. D. Because breakfast is too expensive. ( )2. What happens if you do not eat breakfast? A. You will feel energetic. B. You may feel tired, dizzy, and unable to concentrate. C. You will lose weight quickly. D. You will not feel hungry at all. ( )3. Is skipping breakfast helpful for losing weight? A. Yes, it is the best way to lose weight. B. No, people who skip breakfast are more likely to be overweight. C. Yes, but only for teenagers. D. It depends on what you eat for lunch. ( )4. What should a healthy breakfast include? A. Only fruit. B. Sugary cereals and fried foods. C. Foods from different groups like carbohydrates, protein, and vitamins. D. Only milk and bread. ( )5. What is the writer's opinion about breakfast? A. Breakfast is not necessary. B. Skipping breakfast is good for health. C. Everyone should eat a healthy breakfast every day. D. Breakfast is only important for students. 话题6 志愿服务与社会实践 Passage 15 （25-26八年级下·广西南宁·期末）Last summer vacation, 15 students from Class 3, Grade 8 of Nanning No. 14 Middle School did something special. They formed a volunteer team called "Sunshine Helpers" and spent two weeks teaching children in a mountain village. The village was in a remote area with no proper school building. The children there had only one teacher for all subjects and all grades. Most of the children had never left the village and knew little about the outside world. The volunteer team prepared carefully before the trip. They collected over 200 books, 50 school bags, and some sports equipment from their schoolmates. They also designed interesting lessons about science, art, and English. Each student volunteer was responsible for teaching one subject. During the two weeks, the volunteers not only gave lessons but also played games with the village children. They taught them how to use computers and showed them photos of big cities. The village children were very curious and asked many questions. "This experience changed my view of life," said Li Wei, one of the volunteers. "I used to complain about my school and homework. Now I realize how lucky I am. I also learned that even small acts of kindness can bring big changes to others." The head teacher of the village school was deeply moved. "These young volunteers brought not only knowledge but also hope to our children," he said. "They showed our children that there is a bigger world waiting for them." ( )1. What did the volunteer team do last summer vacation? A. They traveled around big cities. B. They spent two weeks teaching children in a mountain village. C. They collected money for poor schools. D. They organized a sports competition. ( )2. What did the volunteers prepare before the trip? A. They bought new clothes for the village children. B. They collected books, school bags, and sports equipment. C. They built a new school building. D. They asked the government for money. ( )3. What did Li Wei learn from the experience? A. Village children are smarter than city children. B. He is very lucky and small acts of kindness can bring big changes. C. Teaching is an easy job. D. City schools are not good enough. ( )4. What did the village school head teacher think of the volunteers? A. He thought they were too young to teach. B. He thought they brought knowledge and hope to the children. C. He thought they should stay longer. D. He thought they disturbed the normal teaching. ( )5. What is the best title for this passage? A. A Poor Mountain Village B. How to Be a Good Teacher C. Sunshine Helpers: Bringing Hope to Mountain Children D. The Difficulties of Mountain Schools Passage 16 （25-26八年级下·贵州贵阳·期末）Community service is an important part of education in many countries. In the United States, most high schools require students to complete at least 40 hours of community service before they graduate. Some schools in China are now starting similar programs. Community service means doing unpaid work to help people in your community. It can include many different activities. For example, students can help clean up public parks, visit elderly people in nursing homes, or assist at animal shelters. Some students tutor younger children who need help with their studies. Others organize donation drives to collect clothes, books, or food for people in need. Why is community service important for students? First, it helps students develop a sense of social responsibility. When students see the problems in their community and take action to help, they learn that they can make a difference. Second, community service provides opportunities to learn new skills. Students can practice communication, teamwork, and problem-solving. Third, it helps students understand different kinds of people and develop empathy. A student named Zhang Ming from Guiyang shared his experience. "Last year, I volunteered at a community library every Saturday. I helped organize books and read stories to young children. At first, I thought it was boring. But after a few weeks, I really enjoyed it. The children were so happy to see me every week. I felt proud that I was doing something useful for my community." Community service is not just about helping others. It is also about growing as a person. The experiences and lessons students gain from community service will stay with them for life. ( )1. How many hours of community service do most US high schools require? A. At least 20 hours. B. At least 30 hours. C. At least 40 hours. D. At least 50 hours. ( )2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as community service activity? A. Cleaning up public parks. B. Visiting elderly people. C. Tutoring younger children. D. Cooking meals at restaurants. ( )3. Why is community service important for students? A. Because they can earn money. B. Because it helps develop social responsibility, new skills, and empathy. C. Because they can skip school. D. Because it is required by all schools. ( )4. How did Zhang Ming feel about volunteering at first? A. He thought it was boring. B. He thought it was very exciting. C. He thought it was too difficult. D. He thought it was a waste of time. ( )5. What does the writer think of community service? A. It is only about helping others. B. It is a waste of students' time. C. It helps students grow as a person. D. It should not be required by schools. Passage 17 （25-26八年级下·江西南昌·期末）Every weekend, you can find a group of students wearing red vests at the entrance of Tengwangge subway station in Nanchang. They are the "Red Vest Volunteers" from Nanchang Foreign Language School. Since 2023, these student volunteers have been helping passengers at the station every Saturday morning. Their main job is to help passengers buy tickets and find the right platforms. Many elderly people are not familiar with the ticket machines, so the volunteers patiently teach them how to use the machines step by step. They also help passengers with heavy luggage and guide people with disabilities to the elevators. Besides helping passengers, the volunteers also keep the station clean. They pick up rubbish on the ground and remind passengers not to eat or drink in the station. When there are too many passengers, they help the station staff guide the crowd and keep order. Wang Fang, a 14-year-old volunteer, said, "I have learned a lot from this experience. I used to be shy and afraid to talk to strangers. Now I can communicate with different people confidently. I have also learned how to deal with unexpected problems. Last week, an old man felt sick at the station. I stayed calm and called for help immediately." The subway station manager praised the volunteers highly. "These students are very responsible and helpful. They have become an important part of our station service. Many passengers have told us that they feel warm and safe when they see the red vests at the station." The "Red Vest Volunteers" program has become a model for student volunteer activities in Nanchang. More and more schools are starting similar programs to encourage students to serve their community. ( )1. Where do the Red Vest Volunteers work? A. At a bus station. B. At Tengwangge subway station. C. At a train station. D. At an airport. ( )2. What do the volunteers mainly help passengers with? A. Buying tickets and finding platforms. B. Carrying luggage to their homes. C. Cooking meals. D. Buying food and drinks. ( )3. How has the volunteer experience changed Wang Fang? A. She has become more shy. B. She can now communicate with different people confidently. C. She has learned how to drive a subway. D. She does not like strangers anymore. ( )4. What did the station manager say about the volunteers? A. They are noisy and cause trouble. B. They are responsible and helpful. C. They do not work hard enough. D. They should work at other stations. ( )5. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. The Red Vest program is becoming a model for other schools. B. The volunteers will stop working at the station. C. The subway station is too crowded. D. Students do not like volunteer work. Passage 18 （25-26八年级下·海南海口·期末）On March 5th, students from Haikou Middle School took part in a special activity called "A Day Without Waste." The goal was to experience how much waste people produce in daily life and to find ways to reduce it. Before the activity, each student had to record how much waste their family produced in one week. The results were surprising. On average, each family threw away about 10 kilograms of rubbish every day, including plastic bags, food waste, old clothes, and broken electronics. Most of this waste could have been reduced, reused, or recycled. During the activity, students tried to produce as little waste as possible. They brought reusable containers for lunch instead of using disposable boxes. They used cloth bags instead of plastic bags when shopping. Some students even made DIY crafts from old bottles and newspapers. At the end of the day, the students compared their results. The student who produced the least waste was Chen Lin. She only produced 50 grams of waste. Her secret? She prepared everything in advance. She brought her own chopsticks, a water bottle, and a handkerchief. She also convinced her parents to cook at home instead of ordering takeout. "This activity opened my eyes," said Chen Lin. "I never realized how much waste we produce every day. Small changes in our daily habits can really make a big difference. From now on, I will try to live a greener life." The school plans to make this activity a monthly event. The head teacher said, "We hope that through this kind of practice, students can truly understand the importance of environmental protection and develop good habits." ( )1. What was the goal of the activity "A Day Without Waste"? A. To collect waste for recycling. B. To experience how much waste people produce and find ways to reduce it. C. To clean up the school campus. D. To raise money for environmental protection. ( )2. How much rubbish did each family throw away on average every day? A. About 5 kilograms. B. About 8 kilograms. C. About 10 kilograms. D. About 15 kilograms. ( )3. What did students do during the activity? A. They collected rubbish in the streets. B. They tried to produce as little waste as possible. C. They watched films about the environment. D. They asked their parents to stop cooking. ( )4. What was Chen Lin's secret to producing only 50 grams of waste? A. She did not eat anything all day. B. She prepared reusable items in advance and convinced her parents to cook at home. C. She threw her rubbish in her neighbor's bin. D. She stayed at school all day. ( )5. What does the school plan to do next? A. Stop the activity. B. Make this activity a monthly event. C. Ask students to write reports. D. Invite parents to join the activity. 附录：阅读策略提示卡 题型 解题技巧 细节理解题 先读题干，定位关键词（数字、专有名词），回原文查找 推理判断题 寻找隐含信息，注意转折词（but, however）和情态动词 词义猜测题 根据上下文定义、对比、举例或构词法推测 主旨大意题 关注首段、末段及每段首句，排除过于宽泛或片面的选项 写作意图题 思考作者为什么写这篇文章：告知、劝说、娱乐、还是教育？ 第 4 页 共 30 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $