考前押题07 语法与词汇微技能（下）（期末复习专项训练）八年级英语下学期新教材仁爱科普版

**基本信息** 聚焦八年级下册U10-U12核心语法（宾语从句、基本句型）及全册构词法，通过100题系统训练，融合情境运用与跨学科元素，构建“规则解析-题型突破-综合应用”方法体系，提升语言运用与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |宾语从句|35题（含连接词选择、语序/时态题）|连接词分类（that/if/疑问词）、语序/时态规则、if从句辨析|从基础连接词到复合句转换，结合情境运用强化语用能力| |基本句型|25题（含句型辨析、成分分析）|五种句型特征、系表/主谓宾/双宾/宾补区分|从单句结构分析到多句语篇应用，培养句子结构思维| |构词法|25题（含词缀转换、词性变化）|前缀/后缀规则、词性转换规律、复合词构成|从词缀基础到跨学科词汇应用，提升词汇构建能力| |综合练习|15题（混合考点）|多考点融合应用策略|整合三大核心考点，检验综合语言运用能力|

考前押题07 语法与词汇微技能（下） （期末复习专项训练） 本专项涵盖八年级下册U10-U12三个核心语法考点及全册构词法，共100题。题型包括单项选择、单句语法填空、句型转换、词性转换及情境运用题。 序号 考点 核心内容 题量 单元 考点一 宾语从句 that/if/whether/疑问词引导，语序/时态/连接词 35题 U11/U12 考点二 基本句型 五种基本句型（S+V/O/P/IO+DO/O+C）辨析 25题 U10 考点三 构词法 前缀/后缀/词性转换/复合词 25题 全册 综合练习 四考点混合综合训练 15题 U10-U12 合计 100题 考点一 宾语从句 宾语从句是U11和U12的核心语法，也是期末和中考试题的高频考点。主要考查：①连接词的选择（that/if/whether/疑问词）；②陈述语序（主语+谓语）；③时态呼应规则。重点区分if引导宾语从句（是否）与if引导条件状语从句（如果）的不同含义和用法。 1.I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. A. if B. what C. which D. how 2.Could you tell me ______? A. where is the post office B. where the post office is C. the post office is where D. where does the post office 3.She asked me ______ I wanted to go shopping with her. A. that B. what C. if D. which A. if B. that C. what D. whether 5.I wonder ______ he finished his homework on time. A. how B. what C. which D. who 6.Do you know ______ they are waiting for? A. what B. that C. if D. whether 7.I don't understand ______ you said just now. Could you repeat it? A. that B. what C. if D. whether 8.Can you tell me ______ the nearest hospital is? A. how B. what C. where D. which 9.He didn't tell me ______ he would go to Beijing or Shanghai. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 10.—Do you know ______ Tom went to London? —By plane. A. when B. how C. why D. where 11.I want to know ______ this dictionary belongs to. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 12.The boy said ______ he had never seen such a beautiful sunset before. A. what B. if C. that D. whether 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 13.Can you tell me where he ______ (live)? 14.I don't know if he ______ (come) tomorrow. If he ______ (come), I will tell you at once. 15.She said that she ______ (finish) her homework already. 16.I wonder how long it ______ (take) to get to the airport. 17.Do you know ______ (who/whom) we should ask for help? 18.Could you tell me ______ you usually go to school? (when/how/why) 19.He asked me whether I ______ (be) interested in science. 20.Please tell me what ______ (happen) at the meeting yesterday. 21.I don't understand why she ______ (cry) just now. 22.Can you tell me which book I should ______ (choose)? 二、直接引语变间接引语（合并句子） 23."Is the library open now?" he asked me. (合并为含宾语从句的复合句) He asked me ______ the library ______ open then. 24."Where do you live?" she asked him. (合并) She asked him where ______ ______. 25."What are you doing?" my mother asked. (合并) My mother asked me what ______ ______ ______. 26."I will visit my grandparents next week," Tom said. (合并) Tom said that ______ ______ visit his grandparents ______ next week. 27."Does she like English?" I wondered. (合并) I wondered ______ ______ ______ English. 28."Why are you late?" the teacher asked him. (合并) The teacher asked him why ______ ______ late. 29."Have you finished your homework?" Mom asked me. (合并) Mom asked me ______ I ______ finished my homework. 30."How can I get to the station?" the tourist asked. (合并) The tourist asked how ______ ______ get to the station. 三、新考法·情境运用 31.【新情境·旅游问路况境】Excuse me, could you tell me ______ (how/where) I can get to the Summer Palace? And do you know if there ______ (be) any tickets left? 32.【跨学科·历史】The teacher asked us ______ we knew about the Silk Road. I told her that I ______ (learn) something about it in my history class. 33.Our English teacher often says that practice ______ (make) perfect. She also tells us that the more we practice, the better we ______ (be). 34.—I hear that you have won first prize in the English speech contest. —Really? I don't know ______ told you that. But I'm glad to hear it. 35.【新考法·语篇填空】Complete the dialogue with proper words. A: Could you tell me (1) ______ you will go for your summer holiday? B: I'm not sure yet. I was thinking about going to Xi'an. A: That sounds great! Do you know (2) ______ there are any famous historical sites there? B: Of course! The Terracotta Warriors is world-famous. 考点二 基本句型 基本句型是U10的核心语法，主要考查英语五种基本句型的辨析与应用。重点掌握：①S+V+P（系表结构）与S+V+O（主谓宾）的区分；②S+V+IO+DO（双宾）与S+V+O+C（宾补）的区分；③常见系动词的识别。 36.分析句子结构：The sun rises. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+IO+DO 37.分析句子结构：We elected him monitor. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+IO+DO 38.分析句子结构：My mother bought me a new dress. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+P 39.分析句子结构：The flowers smell sweet. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V D. S+V+O+C 40.下列哪个句子的结构是S+V+O（主谓宾）？ A. He is a student. B. She sings beautifully. C. I love English. D. They named the baby Tom. 41.分析：She made me happy. 划线部分在句中作什么成分？ A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 宾语补足语 D. 表语 42.下列句子中，画线部分是表语的是： A. He bought a new bike. B. The soup tastes delicious. C. She gave me a book. D. We call him Lao Wang. 43.分析句子：Mr. Zhang teaches us English. 下列说法正确的是： A. us和English都是宾语 B. us是间接宾语，English是直接宾语 C. English是间接宾语，us是直接宾语 D. us和English都是宾补 44.下列哪个选项中的动词可以作为系动词使用？ A. taste B. eat C. write D. buy 二、句子成分分析 45.分析句子成分：The old man lives alone. 主语(S)=______, 谓语(V)=______ 46.分析句子成分：She speaks English very well. 主语(S)=______, 谓语(V)=______, 宾语(O)=______ 47.分析句子成分：The weather became cold suddenly. 主语(S)=______, 系动词(V)=______, 表语(P)=______ 48.分析句子成分：My father gave me a pen as a birthday gift. 主语(S)=______, 间接宾语(IO)=______, 直接宾语(DO)=______ 49.分析句子成分：We found the book very interesting. 主语(S)=______, 宾语(O)=______, 宾语补足语(C)=______ 50.判断句型：The children are playing in the park. 该句的基本句型是______（用S+V/S+V+O/S+V+P/S+V+IO+DO/S+V+O+C表示） 51.判断句型：He told us an interesting story. 该句的基本句型是______ 52.判断句型：The news made everyone excited. 该句的基本句型是______ 三、句型转换 53.The boy is running. (判断句型并在run后添加宾语，使其变为S+V+O结构) The boy is running ______. 54.She is my teacher. (改写为S+V+O+C结构，用call) We ______ ______ ______ ______. 55.I bought a book for my sister. (改为S+V+IO+DO结构) I ______ ______ ______ ______. 56.The story sounds interesting. (分析句型，并指出系动词) 句型：S+V+P，系动词：______ 57.He made a cake. (在宾语后添加宾补，变为S+V+O+C结构) He made a cake ______ ______. 58.Tom gave the book to Mary. (改为S+V+IO+DO结构) Tom ______ ______ ______ ______. 四、新考法·情境运用 59.【新考法·多句分析】Read the passage and analyze the sentence patterns. ① Tom is a middle school student. ② He studies very hard. ③ His mother bought him a new bike yesterday. ④ The bike looks very cool. ⑤ Tom's father named him 'Little Champion'. Match each sentence with its pattern: S+V: ______ S+V+O: ______ S+V+P: ______ S+V+IO+DO: ______ S+V+O+C: ______ 60.【跨学科·生物】Plants need sunlight. (分析句型并扩展为S+V+O+C结构) 句型分析：S+V+O (Plants-need-sunlight) 扩展：Plants need sunlight ______ ______ ______ healthy. (用to keep/keeping) 考点三 构词法 构词法是贯穿全册的词汇微技能，主要考查前缀（un-/im-/dis-等）、后缀（-ful/-less/-tion/-ment/-ly/-ed/-ing等）以及词性转换和复合词的构成规律。 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 61.Education is very important for personal ______ (develop). 62.She is a very ______ (help) girl. Everyone likes her. 63.I think this is a ______ (wonder) idea! 64.You should pay more attention to your ______ (safe) when you travel alone. 65.The ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate. 66.I feel very ______ (excite) about the coming summer holiday. 67.The movie was very ______ (excite). I enjoyed it very much. 68.Reading can ______ (wide) your knowledge and open your eyes. 69.It's ______ (possible) for him to finish so much work in one hour. 70.The ______ (decide) was made after a long discussion. 71.The ______ news made all of us very ______. (excite) A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 72.We had a ______ discussion about the school rules. (length) A. long B. lengthy C. length D. longing 73.He showed great ______ in learning English. (interested) A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interests 74.The ______ of this machine is very famous. (invent) A. inventor B. invention C. inventory D. inventive 75.You should be ______ when you cross the street. (care) A. care B. careful C. careless D. carelessly 76.The ______ child cried loudly because he lost his toy. (frighten) A. frightened B. frightening C. frighten D. fright 77.With the development of ______ technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. (electricity) A. electricity B. electric C. electrical D. electronic 78.下列哪个单词的构词方式是"前缀+词根"？ A. happiness B. impossible C. carefully D. invention 二、词性转换 79.动词 → 名词 discuss → ______ 80.动词 → 名词 invent → ______ 81.形容词 → 副词 beautiful → ______ 82.名词 → 形容词 culture → ______ 83.Complete: happy (adj.) → ______ (adv.) → ______ (n.) → ______ (反义adj.) 三、新考法·情境运用 84.【新情境·科技词汇】With the development of modern technology, we can have ______ (face-to-face) conversations with people on the other side of the world through video calls. This is all thanks to the Internet and ______ (smart) devices. 85.【跨学科·环保】To protect our environment, we should use more ______ (energy) saving products and reduce ______ (pollute). It's everyone's duty to make our planet ______ (green) and cleaner. 综合练习 将四个考点的知识点混合考查，建议在独立完成各考点训练后再进行综合练习，以检验综合运用能力。 86.—Could you tell me ______? —Sure. He lives on Center Street. A. where Tom lives B. where does Tom live C. where Tom lived D. where is Tom living 87.If it ______ (not rain) tomorrow, I will go to the park with my friends. My mother always tells me that outdoor activities are ______ (benefit) to our health. 88.分析句子结构：My English teacher gave me some useful advice yesterday. S=______, V=______, IO=______, DO=______ 89.The ______ (much) you read, the ______ (good) your writing will be. I strongly believe that reading is the ______ (good) way to improve your language skills. 90.—Do you know if he ______ (come) to the party? —I'm not sure. But if he ______ (come), please let me know. 91.I was doing my homework ______ my father came back from work. He looked very ______ (tire) because he had been working for ten hours. 92.She said that she ______ (can) speak three foreign languages. I found her ______ (true) amazing. 93.Tom runs as ______ (fast) as Jack, but Mike runs even ______ (fast) than both of them. In fact, Mike runs ______ (fast) in our class. 94.The teacher asked the students ______ they understood the lesson. The students answered that they needed ______ (much) time to review it. 95.Please tell Tom that the meeting will start as soon as the manager ______ (arrive). He should come to the meeting room ______ (quick). 96.分析下列句子并指出句型： ① She looks happy today. → ______ ② Her mother bought her a new dress. → ______ ③ We elected him our monitor. → ______ 97.If you work ______ (hard), you will get ______ (good) grades. The teacher also told us that practice ______ (make) perfect. 98.I don't know ______ he will arrive. But I am sure he will come ______ (late) than 8 o'clock. He is usually very punctual. 99.Complete the sentences using the correct form of the given words. ① The ______ (develop) of science and technology has changed our life greatly. ② She spoke very ______ (gentle) to the little boy. ③ Reading widely can help you become more ______ (knowledge). 100.【新考法·综合判断】Read Tom's diary and identify the grammar points. "March 15th: Today was a busy day. When I got home, my mom was cooking dinner. She told me that my grandma would come to visit us tomorrow. If I finish my homework early, I will play chess with her. I am very excited because the more time I spend with grandma, the happier I feel." Which grammar points are used in this passage? A. 时间状语从句、宾语从句、条件状语从句 B. 时间状语从句、宾语从句、条件状语从句、比较级 C. 时间状语从句、宾语从句、条件状语从句、比较级、基本句型 D. 以上全部 - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第 4 页 共 30 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题07 语法与词汇微技能（下） （期末复习专项训练答案） 考点一 宾语从句 一、单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.C 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 13.lives 14.will come; comes 15.had finished 16.takes 17.whom 18.how 19.was 20.happened 21.cried 22.choose 三、直接引语变间接引语 23.if/whether; was 24.he lived 25.I was doing 26.he would; the 27.if/whether she liked 28.he was 29.if/whether; had 30.he could 四、新考法·情境运用 31.how; are 32.if/whether; had learned 33.makes; will be 34.who 35.where; if/whether 考点二 基本句型 一、单项选择 36.A 37.C 38.B 39.B 40.C 41.C 42.B 43.B 44.A 二、句子成分分析 45.The old man; lives 46.She; speaks; English 47.The weather; became; cold 48.My father; me; a pen 49.We; the book; very interesting 三、判断句型 50.S+V 51.S+V+IO+DO 52.S+V+O+C 四、句型转换 53.a race 54.call her our teacher 55.bought my sister a book 56.sounds 57.look nice 58.gave Mary the book 五、新考法·情境运用 59. ②; (无); ①④; ③; ⑤ 60.to keep them 考点三 构词法 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 60. development 62.helpful 63.wonderful 64.safety 65.invention 66.excited 67.exciting 68.widen 69.impossible 70.decision 六、选择填空 71.A 72.B 73.C 74.A 75.B 76.A 77.D 78.B 七、词性转换 79.discussion 80.invention 81.beautifully 82.cultural 83.happily; happiness; unhappy 八、新考法·情境运用 84. face-to-face; smart 85.energy; pollution; greener 综合练习 85. A 87.doesn‘t rain; beneficial 88.My English teacher; gave; me; some useful advice 89.more; better; best 90.will come; comes 91.when; tired 92.could; truly 93.fast; faster; (the) fastest 94.if/whether; more 95.arrives; quickly 96.S+V+P; S+V+IO+DO; S+V+O+C 97.hard; better; makes 98.when; later 99.development; gently; knowledgeable 100.D 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前押题07 语法与词汇微技能（下） （期末复习专项训练） 本专项涵盖八年级下册U10-U12三个核心语法考点及全册构词法，共100题。题型包括单项选择、单句语法填空、句型转换、词性转换及情境运用题。 序号 考点 核心内容 题量 单元 考点一 宾语从句 that/if/whether/疑问词引导，语序/时态/连接词 35题 U11/U12 考点二 基本句型 五种基本句型（S+V/O/P/IO+DO/O+C）辨析 25题 U10 考点三 构词法 前缀/后缀/词性转换/复合词 25题 全册 综合练习 四考点混合综合训练 15题 U10-U12 合计 100题 考点一 宾语从句 宾语从句是U11和U12的核心语法，也是期末和中考试题的高频考点。主要考查：①连接词的选择（that/if/whether/疑问词）；②陈述语序（主语+谓语）；③时态呼应规则。重点区分if引导宾语从句（是否）与if引导条件状语从句（如果）的不同含义和用法。 1.I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. A. if B. what C. which D. how 【答案】A 【解析】if引导宾语从句表示"是否"。句意：我不知道他明天是否会来。注意：此处的if表示"是否"，不是"如果"。 2.Could you tell me ______? A. where is the post office B. where the post office is C. the post office is where D. where does the post office 【答案】B 【解析】宾语从句用陈述语序（主语+谓语），where the post office is。A和D为疑问语序，C语序错误。 3.She asked me ______ I wanted to go shopping with her. A. that B. what C. if D. which 【答案】C 【解析】if引导宾语从句表示"是否"。句意：她问我是否想和她一起去购物。 4.The teacher told us ______ the earth goes around the sun. A. if B. that C. what D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】that引导陈述句作宾语从句，that可省略。句意：老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。"地球绕太阳转"是客观真理，用that引导。 5.I wonder ______ he finished his homework on time. A. how B. what C. which D. who 【答案】A 【解析】how引导宾语从句表示方式。句意：我想知道他是如何按时完成作业的。根据句意选how。 6.Do you know ______ they are waiting for? A. what B. that C. if D. whether 【答案】A 【解析】what引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词for的宾语。句意：你知道他们在等什么吗？what作wait for的宾语。 7.I don't understand ______ you said just now. Could you repeat it? A. that B. what C. if D. whether 【答案】B 【解析】what引导宾语从句，在从句中作said的宾语。句意：我不明白你刚才说的话。what作said的内容（宾语）。 8.Can you tell me ______ the nearest hospital is? A. how B. what C. where D. which 【答案】C 【解析】where引导宾语从句表示地点。句意：你能告诉我最近的医院在哪里吗？ 9.He didn't tell me ______ he would go to Beijing or Shanghai. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 【答案】B 【解析】whether...or...固定搭配，表示"是……还是……"。句意：他没告诉我他会去北京还是上海。if不能与or直接连用。 10.—Do you know ______ Tom went to London? —By plane. A. when B. how C. why D. where 【答案】B 【解析】根据答语By plane可知询问方式，用how引导宾语从句。 11.I want to know ______ this dictionary belongs to. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】B 【解析】belong to后接宾语，whom作介词to的宾语，引导宾语从句。who也可以作宾语，但whom是更严格的语法形式。在介词to后，whom更规范。 12.The boy said ______ he had never seen such a beautiful sunset before. A. what B. if C. that D. whether 【答案】C 【解析】that引导陈述句作宾语从句。句意：男孩说他从未见过如此美丽的日落。that在陈述句宾语从句中可省略。 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 13.Can you tell me where he ______ (live)? 【答案】lives 【解析】宾语从句用陈述语序，主句一般现在时，从句根据事实用一般现在时lives。where he lives = 他住在哪里。 14.I don't know if he ______ (come) tomorrow. If he ______ (come), I will tell you at once. 【答案】will come; comes 【解析】★ 第一个if引导宾语从句表示"是否"，用将来时will come；第二个if引导条件状语从句，主将从现用comes。这是if的双重用法，是重要考点。 15.She said that she ______ (finish) her homework already. 【答案】had finished 【解析】主句said为过去时，从句动作发生在said之前（过去的过去），用过去完成时had finished。already提示动作已完成。 16.I wonder how long it ______ (take) to get to the airport. 【答案】takes 【解析】宾语从句陈述客观事实/普遍情况用一般现在时takes。句意：我想知道到机场需要多长时间。 17.Do you know ______ (who/whom) we should ask for help? 【答案】whom 【解析】ask for help中ask需要宾语，whom作宾语。who也可以，但whom更正式规范。 18.Could you tell me ______ you usually go to school? (when/how/why) 【答案】how 【解析】根据语境选择连接词how，表示方式。句意：你能告诉我你通常怎么去上学吗？ 19.He asked me whether I ______ (be) interested in science. 【答案】was 【解析】主句asked为过去时，从句用相应的过去时态was。whether引导宾语从句表示"是否"。 20.Please tell me what ______ (happen) at the meeting yesterday. 【答案】happened 【解析】yesterday提示从句用一般过去时happened。what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。 21.I don't understand why she ______ (cry) just now. 【答案】cried 【解析】just now提示从句用一般过去时cried。why引导宾语从句表示原因。 22.Can you tell me which book I should ______ (choose)? 【答案】choose 【解析】should后接动词原形choose。which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语修饰book。 二、直接引语变间接引语（合并句子） 23."Is the library open now?" he asked me. (合并为含宾语从句的复合句) He asked me ______ the library ______ open then. 【答案】if/whether; was 【解析】一般疑问句变宾语从句用if/whether引导，时态随主句变化：is→was，now→then。 24."Where do you live?" she asked him. (合并) She asked him where ______ ______. 【答案】he lived 【解析】特殊疑问句变宾语从句用疑问词引导，陈述语序，时态do→did→lived。人称you→he。 25."What are you doing?" my mother asked. (合并) My mother asked me what ______ ______ ______. 【答案】I was doing 【解析】特殊疑问句变宾语从句，陈述语序，现在进行时are doing→过去进行时was doing。人称you→I。 26."I will visit my grandparents next week," Tom said. (合并) Tom said that ______ ______ visit his grandparents ______ next week. 【答案】he would; the 【解析】陈述句变宾语从句用that引导，will→would，next week前加the。人称I→he。 27."Does she like English?" I wondered. (合并) I wondered ______ ______ ______ English. 【答案】if/whether she liked 【解析】一般疑问句变宾语从句用if/whether，时态does like→liked（主过从过）。 28."Why are you late?" the teacher asked him. (合并) The teacher asked him why ______ ______ late. 【答案】he was 【解析】特殊疑问句变宾语从句，陈述语序are→was。人称you→he。 29."Have you finished your homework?" Mom asked me. (合并) Mom asked me ______ I ______ finished my homework. 【答案】if/whether; had 【解析】一般疑问句变宾语从句用if/whether，现在完成时have finished→过去完成时had finished。 30."How can I get to the station?" the tourist asked. (合并) The tourist asked how ______ ______ get to the station. 【答案】he could 【解析】特殊疑问句变宾语从句，陈述语序，can→could。人称I→he。 三、新考法·情境运用 31.【新情境·旅游问路况境】Excuse me, could you tell me ______ (how/where) I can get to the Summer Palace? And do you know if there ______ (be) any tickets left? 【答案】how; are 【解析】第一空问路用how I can get to...（如何到达）；第二空if引导宾语从句表示"是否"，there be句型用are（tickets为复数）。 32.【跨学科·历史】The teacher asked us ______ we knew about the Silk Road. I told her that I ______ (learn) something about it in my history class. 【答案】if/whether; had learned 【解析】第一空if/whether引导宾语从句；第二空主句told为过去时，从句learn发生在told之前用had learned（过去的过去）。 33.Our English teacher often says that practice ______ (make) perfect. She also tells us that the more we practice, the better we ______ (be). 【答案】makes; will be 【解析】第一空宾语从句陈述客观真理用一般现在时makes（practice为不可数名词，动词用第三人称单数）；第二空the+比较级the+比较级句型，主句用将来时will be。 34.—I hear that you have won first prize in the English speech contest. —Really? I don't know ______ told you that. But I'm glad to hear it. 【答案】who 【解析】who引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。句意：我不知道谁告诉你的。who在从句中充当told的主语。 35.【新考法·语篇填空】Complete the dialogue with proper words. A: Could you tell me (1) ______ you will go for your summer holiday? B: I'm not sure yet. I was thinking about going to Xi'an. A: That sounds great! Do you know (2) ______ there are any famous historical sites there? B: Of course! The Terracotta Warriors is world-famous. 【答案】where; if/whether 【解析】第一空根据答语going to Xi'an可知问地点用where；第二空根据语境问"是否有"用if/whether引导宾语从句。 考点二 基本句型 基本句型是U10的核心语法，主要考查英语五种基本句型的辨析与应用。重点掌握：①S+V+P（系表结构）与S+V+O（主谓宾）的区分；②S+V+IO+DO（双宾）与S+V+O+C（宾补）的区分；③常见系动词的识别。 36.分析句子结构：The sun rises. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V+P D. S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 【解析】S(The sun) + V(rises)，属于主谓结构S+V。rise为不及物动词，后面没有宾语。不及物动词单独作谓语，不需要宾语。 37.分析句子结构：We elected him monitor. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+IO+DO 【答案】C 【解析】S(We) + V(elected) + O(him) + C(monitor)，属于主谓宾宾补结构S+V+O+C。monitor补充说明him的身份，是宾语补足语。 38.分析句子结构：My mother bought me a new dress. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+O+C D. S+V+P 【答案】B 【解析】S(My mother) + V(bought) + IO(me) + DO(a new dress)，属于主谓双宾结构S+V+IO+DO。bought为双宾动词，me为间接宾语，a new dress为直接宾语。 39.分析句子结构：The flowers smell sweet. 该句属于哪种基本句型？ A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V D. S+V+O+C 【答案】B 【解析】S(The flowers) + V(smell) + P(sweet)，属于主系表结构S+V+P。smell为系动词，sweet为形容词作表语。注意：smell在此不是实义动词"闻"，而是系动词"闻起来"。 40.下列哪个句子的结构是S+V+O（主谓宾）？ A. He is a student. B. She sings beautifully. C. I love English. D. They named the baby Tom. 【答案】C 【解析】I(S) + love(V) + English(O)，属于主谓宾结构。A为S+V+P（主系表），B为S+V（主谓），D为S+V+O+C（主谓宾宾补）。 41.分析：She made me happy. 划线部分在句中作什么成分？ A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 宾语补足语 D. 表语 【答案】C 【解析】happy补充说明宾语me的状态，是宾语补足语（C）。该句结构为S(She)+V(made)+O(me)+C(happy)。make sb. + adj. 是典型的S+V+O+C结构。 42.下列句子中，画线部分是表语的是： A. He bought a new bike. B. The soup tastes delicious. C. She gave me a book. D. We call him Lao Wang. 【答案】B 【解析】tastes为系动词，delicious为形容词作表语。该句结构为S+V+P。A中bike为宾语（S+V+O），C中a book为直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO），D中Lao Wang为宾补（S+V+O+C）。 43.分析句子：Mr. Zhang teaches us English. 下列说法正确的是： A. us和English都是宾语 B. us是间接宾语，English是直接宾语 C. English是间接宾语，us是直接宾语 D. us和English都是宾补 【答案】B 【解析】teach sb. sth.为双宾结构，sb.(us)为间接宾语(IO)，sth.(English)为直接宾语(DO)。间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。 44.下列哪个选项中的动词可以作为系动词使用？ A. taste B. eat C. write D. buy 【答案】A 【解析】taste可以作系动词，后接形容词作表语，如The cake tastes good（蛋糕尝起来好吃）。eat/write/buy为实义动词，不能作系动词。常见的系动词还有look, smell, feel, sound, become, get, turn等。 二、句子成分分析 45.分析句子成分：The old man lives alone. 主语(S)=______, 谓语(V)=______ 【答案】The old man; lives 【解析】The old man为主语，lives为谓语动词。该句为主谓结构(S+V)。alone为副词作状语，修饰lives。 46.分析句子成分：She speaks English very well. 主语(S)=______, 谓语(V)=______, 宾语(O)=______ 【答案】She; speaks; English 【解析】She为主语，speaks为谓语，English为宾语。very well为状语修饰speaks。该句为主谓宾结构(S+V+O)。 47.分析句子成分：The weather became cold suddenly. 主语(S)=______, 系动词(V)=______, 表语(P)=______ 【答案】The weather; became; cold 【解析】The weather为主语，became为系动词，cold为形容词作表语。suddenly为副词作状语。该句为主系表结构(S+V+P)。 48.分析句子成分：My father gave me a pen as a birthday gift. 主语(S)=______, 间接宾语(IO)=______, 直接宾语(DO)=______ 【答案】My father; me; a pen 【解析】My father为主语，gave为谓语，me为间接宾语，a pen为直接宾语。as a birthday gift为介词短语作状语。该句为主谓双宾结构(S+V+IO+DO)。 49.分析句子成分：We found the book very interesting. 主语(S)=______, 宾语(O)=______, 宾语补足语(C)=______ 【答案】We; the book; very interesting 【解析】We为主语，found为谓语，the book为宾语，very interesting补充说明the book的特征，为宾语补足语。该句为S+V+O+C。find sth. + adj. 发现某物…… 50.判断句型：The children are playing in the park. 该句的基本句型是______（用S+V/S+V+O/S+V+P/S+V+IO+DO/S+V+O+C表示） 【答案】S+V 【解析】The children为主语，are playing为谓语。play为不及物动词，in the park为地点状语。该句为主谓结构(S+V)。 51.判断句型：He told us an interesting story. 该句的基本句型是______ 【答案】S+V+IO+DO 【解析】He(S) + told(V) + us(IO) + an interesting story(DO)。该句为主谓双宾结构。tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某事。 52.判断句型：The news made everyone excited. 该句的基本句型是______ 【答案】S+V+O+C 【解析】The news(S) + made(V) + everyone(O) + excited(C)。excited补充说明everyone的状态，为宾补。该句为S+V+O+C。make sb. + adj. 使某人…… 三、句型转换 53.The boy is running. (判断句型并在run后添加宾语，使其变为S+V+O结构) The boy is running ______. 【答案】a race 【解析】S+V+O结构需要及物动词带宾语。running a race跑步比赛，race为宾语。原句中run为不及物动词，添加宾语race后变为及物动词用法。 54.She is my teacher. (改写为S+V+O+C结构，用call) We ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】call her our teacher 【解析】call sb. sth. 称某人为……，her为宾语，our teacher为宾补。原句S+V+P结构改写为S+V+O+C结构。 55.I bought a book for my sister. (改为S+V+IO+DO结构) I ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】bought my sister a book 【解析】buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.，my sister为间接宾语，a book为直接宾语。两种结构可以互换。 56.The story sounds interesting. (分析句型，并指出系动词) 句型：S+V+P，系动词：______ 【答案】sounds 【解析】sounds为系动词，后接形容词interesting作表语。类似的系动词还有look, smell, taste, feel, become, get, turn, seem等。 57.He made a cake. (在宾语后添加宾补，变为S+V+O+C结构) He made a cake ______ ______. 【答案】look nice 【解析】★ 原答案"for us"有误，已修正。"for us"是介词短语作状语，不是宾补。改为look nice：make sth. do sth. 让某物……，不带to的不定式look作宾补，nice为表语。S+V+O+C结构：He(S) + made(V) + a cake(O) + look nice(C)。 58.Tom gave the book to Mary. (改为S+V+IO+DO结构) Tom ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】gave Mary the book 【解析】give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.，Mary为间接宾语，the book为直接宾语。双宾语结构中，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。 四、新考法·情境运用 59.【新考法·多句分析】Read the passage and analyze the sentence patterns. ① Tom is a middle school student. ② He studies very hard. ③ His mother bought him a new bike yesterday. ④ The bike looks very cool. ⑤ Tom's father named him 'Little Champion'. Match each sentence with its pattern: S+V: ______ S+V+O: ______ S+V+P: ______ S+V+IO+DO: ______ S+V+O+C: ______ 【答案】②; (无); ①④; ③; ⑤ 【解析】① Tom is a student → S+V+P（is为系动词）；② He studies hard → S+V（study为不及物动词，hard为副词状语）；③ bought him a new bike → S+V+IO+DO；④ looks very cool → S+V+P（looks为系动词）；⑤ named him 'Little Champion' → S+V+O+C。注意：这5个句子中没有典型的S+V+O句型（及物动词+宾语），故S+V+O处填"无"。 60.【跨学科·生物】Plants need sunlight. (分析句型并扩展为S+V+O+C结构) 句型分析：S+V+O (Plants-need-sunlight) 扩展：Plants need sunlight ______ ______ ______ healthy. (用to keep/keeping) 【答案】to keep them 【解析】need sb./sth. to do sth. 需要……去做某事。sunlight为宾语，to keep them healthy为不定式短语作宾补，其中them指代plants，healthy为形容词作宾补（keep them healthy使他们健康）。句意：植物需要阳光来保持健康。 考点三 构词法 构词法是贯穿全册的词汇微技能，主要考查前缀（un-/im-/dis-等）、后缀（-ful/-less/-tion/-ment/-ly/-ed/-ing等）以及词性转换和复合词的构成规律。 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 61.Education is very important for personal ______ (develop). 【答案】development 【解析】develop(v.) + ment → development(n.)，-ment为名词后缀。personal development个人发展。 62.She is a very ______ (help) girl. Everyone likes her. 【答案】helpful 【解析】help(n./v.) + ful → helpful(adj.)，-ful为形容词后缀，表示"充满……的"/"具有……性质的"。a helpful girl一个乐于助人的女孩。 63.I think this is a ______ (wonder) idea! 【答案】wonderful 【解析】wonder(n.) + ful → wonderful(adj.)，-ful形容词后缀。句意：我认为这是个绝妙的主意！ 64.You should pay more attention to your ______ (safe) when you travel alone. 【答案】safety 【解析】safe(adj.) → safety(n.)，-ty为名词后缀。pay attention to your safety注意你的安全。 65.The ______ (invent) of the telephone changed the way people communicate. 【答案】invention 【解析】invent(v.) + ion → invention(n.)，-ion为名词后缀。the invention of the telephone电话的发明。 66.I feel very ______ (excite) about the coming summer holiday. 【答案】excited 【解析】excite(v.) → excited(adj.)，-ed形容词后缀修饰人，表示"感到……的"。feel excited about对……感到兴奋。 67.The movie was very ______ (excite). I enjoyed it very much. 【答案】exciting 【解析】excite(v.) → exciting(adj.)，-ing形容词后缀修饰物，表示"令人……的"。an exciting movie一部令人兴奋的电影。★ -ed修饰人，-ing修饰物，是重要考点。 68.Reading can ______ (wide) your knowledge and open your eyes. 【答案】widen 【解析】wide(adj.) + en → widen(v.)，-en为动词后缀，表示"使……"。widen your knowledge拓宽你的知识面。 69.It's ______ (possible) for him to finish so much work in one hour. 【答案】impossible 【解析】im-前缀（表否定）+ possible(adj.) → impossible(adj.)，不可能的。句意：他不可能在一小时内完成这么多工作。 70.The ______ (decide) was made after a long discussion. 【答案】decision 【解析】decide(v.) → decision(n.)，去de加sion，-sion为名词后缀。make a decision做决定。 71.The ______ news made all of us very ______. (excite) A. exciting; excited B. excited; exciting C. exciting; exciting D. excited; excited 【答案】A 【解析】exciting修饰物news（令人兴奋的消息）；excited修饰人us（感到兴奋的）。-ing形容词修饰物，表示"令人……的"；-ed形容词修饰人，表示"感到……的"。 72.We had a ______ discussion about the school rules. (length) A. long B. lengthy C. length D. longing 【答案】B 【解析】length(n.) + y → lengthy(adj.)漫长的，冗长的。a lengthy discussion长时间的讨论。long虽然也正确，但lengthy更符合构词法考查意图（名词+ y → 形容词）。 73.He showed great ______ in learning English. (interested) A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. interests 【答案】C 【解析】great为形容词，后接名词。interest(n.)兴趣，show great interest in对……表现出极大兴趣。interested为形容词（感到兴趣的），interesting为形容词（令人感兴趣的），均不符合语法。 74.The ______ of this machine is very famous. (invent) A. inventor B. invention C. inventory D. inventive 【答案】A 【解析】inventor(n.)发明家。句意：这台机器的发明者非常有名。invention为发明（物），inventory为清单，inventive为善于创造的。根据句意"人很有名"，应选inventor。 75.You should be ______ when you cross the street. (care) A. care B. careful C. careless D. carelessly 【答案】B 【解析】care(n./v.) + ful → careful(adj.)小心的，be careful小心。根据句意"过马路要小心"应选B。careless为粗心的（与句意相反），carelessly为副词。 76.The ______ child cried loudly because he lost his toy. (frighten) A. frightened B. frightening C. frighten D. fright 【答案】A 【解析】frightened(adj.)感到害怕的，修饰人child；-ing修饰物。句意：那个受惊的孩子大声哭喊，因为他丢了玩具。 77.With the development of ______ technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. (electricity) A. electricity B. electric C. electrical D. electronic 【答案】D 【解析】electronic technology电子技术/电子科技。electricity为电（名词）；electric带电的（指直接用电的）；electrical与电有关的（泛指与电相关）；electronic电子的（指电子设备/电子技术的）。根据句意"让生活更便利"选electronic。 78.下列哪个单词的构词方式是"前缀+词根"？ A. happiness B. impossible C. carefully D. invention 【答案】B 【解析】impossible = im-（前缀，表否定）+ possible（词根）。A为happy + ness（后缀）；C为care + ful + ly（后缀）；D为invent + ion（后缀）。 二、词性转换 79.动词 → 名词 discuss → ______ 【答案】discussion 【解析】discuss(v.) → discussion(n.)，去s加cussion。类似的：decide→decision, conclude→conclusion。 80.动词 → 名词 invent → ______ 【答案】invention 【解析】invent(v.) + ion → invention(n.)，-ion名词后缀。类似的：operate→operation, educate→education。 81.形容词 → 副词 beautiful → ______ 【答案】beautifully 【解析】beautiful(adj.) + ly → beautifully(adv.)，-ly副词后缀。注意：以-le结尾的形容词变副词时，去e加-ly。 82.名词 → 形容词 culture → ______ 【答案】cultural 【解析】culture(n.) + al → cultural(adj.)，-al形容词后缀。类似的：nation→national, education→educational。 83.Complete: happy (adj.) → ______ (adv.) → ______ (n.) → ______ (反义adj.) 【答案】happily; happiness; unhappy 【解析】happy + ly → happily（副词）；happy + ness → happiness（名词）；un- + happy → unhappy（反义形容词，不高兴的）。 三、新考法·情境运用 84.【新情境·科技词汇】With the development of modern technology, we can have ______ (face-to-face) conversations with people on the other side of the world through video calls. This is all thanks to the Internet and ______ (smart) devices. 【答案】face-to-face; smart 【解析】第一空face-to-face为复合形容词，修饰conversations（面对面的交流）；第二空smart devices智能设备，smart为形容词。考查复合词构词法。 85.【跨学科·环保】To protect our environment, we should use more ______ (energy) saving products and reduce ______ (pollute). It's everyone's duty to make our planet ______ (green) and cleaner. 【答案】energy; pollution; greener 【解析】第一空energy saving节能的，复合名词作定语；第二空reduce后接名词pollution（污染）；第三空and cleaner提示用比较级greener（更绿的），greener and cleaner更绿更清洁。 综合练习 将四个考点的知识点混合考查，建议在独立完成各考点训练后再进行综合练习，以检验综合运用能力。 86.—Could you tell me ______? —Sure. He lives on Center Street. A. where Tom lives B. where does Tom live C. where Tom lived D. where is Tom living 【答案】A 【解析】宾语从句用陈述语序，排除B/D；根据答语可知用一般现在时lives。综合考查宾语从句语序和时态。 87.If it ______ (not rain) tomorrow, I will go to the park with my friends. My mother always tells me that outdoor activities are ______ (benefit) to our health. 【答案】doesn't rain; beneficial 【解析】第一空if条件句主将从现doesn't rain；第二空be beneficial to对……有益，benefit(n./v.) + ial → beneficial(adj.)。综合考查条件句+构词法。 88.分析句子结构：My English teacher gave me some useful advice yesterday. S=______, V=______, IO=______, DO=______ 【答案】My English teacher; gave; me; some useful advice 【解析】My English teacher为主语，gave为谓语，me为间接宾语，some useful advice为直接宾语。该句为主谓双宾结构(S+V+IO+DO)。综合考查基本句型。 89.The ______ (much) you read, the ______ (good) your writing will be. I strongly believe that reading is the ______ (good) way to improve your language skills. 【答案】more; better; best 【解析】the+比较级the+比较级：more/better（越读越多，写得越好）；第三空the best way最佳方式，用最高级best。综合考查比较级+最高级+构词。 90.—Do you know if he ______ (come) to the party? —I'm not sure. But if he ______ (come), please let me know. 【答案】will come; comes 【解析】第一空if引导宾语从句表"是否"，用将来时will come；第二空if引导条件状语从句，主将从现用comes。★ 综合考查宾语从句+条件状语从句的if区别，是高频易错点。 91.I was doing my homework ______ my father came back from work. He looked very ______ (tire) because he had been working for ten hours. 【答案】when; tired 【解析】第一空when引导时间状语从句，came为短暂性动词（was doing...when...正在做……这时……）；第二空tired(adj.)感到疲倦的，修饰人（look tired看起来累）。tire(v.) + ed → tired(adj.)。综合考查时间状语从句+构词法。 92.She said that she ______ (can) speak three foreign languages. I found her ______ (true) amazing. 【答案】could; truly 【解析】第一空主句said为过去时，can→could（宾语从句主过从过）；第二空truly(adv.)修饰形容词amazing，true(adj.) + ly → truly(adv.)。综合考查宾语从句时态+构词法。 93.Tom runs as ______ (fast) as Jack, but Mike runs even ______ (fast) than both of them. In fact, Mike runs ______ (fast) in our class. 【答案】fast; faster; (the) fastest 【解析】as...as中间用原级fast；than提示比较级faster；in our class提示最高级(the) fastest。综合考查副词三级变化（原级→比较级→最高级）。 94.The teacher asked the students ______ they understood the lesson. The students answered that they needed ______ (much) time to review it. 【答案】if/whether; more 【解析】第一空if/whether引导宾语从句表示"是否"；第二空much的比较级more。综合考查宾语从句+比较级。 95.Please tell Tom that the meeting will start as soon as the manager ______ (arrive). He should come to the meeting room ______ (quick). 【答案】arrives; quickly 【解析】第一空as soon as主将从现，arrives；第二空修饰动词come用副词quickly（quick为形容词）。综合考查时间状语从句+副词用法。 96.分析下列句子并指出句型： ① She looks happy today. → ______ ② Her mother bought her a new dress. → ______ ③ We elected him our monitor. → ______ 【答案】S+V+P; S+V+IO+DO; S+V+O+C 【解析】①looks为系动词+happy表语→S+V+P（主系表）；②bought+her(间宾)+a new dress(直宾)→S+V+IO+DO（主谓双宾）；③elected+him(宾)+our monitor(宾补)→S+V+O+C（主谓宾宾补）。综合考查基本句型辨析。 97.If you work ______ (hard), you will get ______ (good) grades. The teacher also told us that practice ______ (make) perfect. 【答案】hard; better; makes 【解析】第一空work hard努力，hard为副词原级；第二空good的比较级better；第三空宾语从句陈述客观真理用makes（practice为不可数名词，动词用第三人称单数）。综合考查条件句+比较级+宾语从句。 98.I don't know ______ he will arrive. But I am sure he will come ______ (late) than 8 o'clock. He is usually very punctual. 【答案】when; later 【解析】第一空when引导宾语从句（根据后文than 8 o'clock推断问的是时间）；第二空than提示比较级later。综合考查宾语从句+比较级。 99.Complete the sentences using the correct form of the given words. ① The ______ (develop) of science and technology has changed our life greatly. ② She spoke very ______ (gentle) to the little boy. ③ Reading widely can help you become more ______ (knowledge). 【答案】development; gently; knowledgeable 【解析】①develop(v.) + ment → development(n.)发展；②gentle(adj.) + ly → gently(adv.)温柔地；③knowledge(n.) + able → knowledgeable(adj.)有知识的，博学的。综合考查构词法。 100.【新考法·综合判断】Read Tom's diary and identify the grammar points. "March 15th: Today was a busy day. When I got home, my mom was cooking dinner. She told me that my grandma would come to visit us tomorrow. If I finish my homework early, I will play chess with her. I am very excited because the more time I spend with grandma, the happier I feel." Which grammar points are used in this passage? A. 时间状语从句、宾语从句、条件状语从句 B. 时间状语从句、宾语从句、条件状语从句、比较级 C. 时间状语从句、宾语从句、条件状语从句、比较级、基本句型 D. 以上全部 【答案】D 【解析】①When I got home（when引导时间状语从句）；②that my grandma would come（that引导宾语从句）；③If I finish...I will play（if引导条件状语从句）；④the more...the happier（比较级连用）；⑤Today was a busy day（S+V+P基本句型）等。四个考点全部出现。综合考查全册语法点辨析。 - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第 4 页 共 30 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $