内容正文:
沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 6 Electricity everywhere 知识清单
一、单元主题与目标
主题范畴:人与社会 —— 科学与技术
子主题:科学技术与工程,人类发明与创新
核心内容:通过日记《A switch-off weekend》讲述一家人体验无电周末的经历,探讨电的重要性及节约用电的方法
学习目标:能够谈论电的重要性,描述用电安全规则,运用情态动词表达义务、许可和能力
二、核心词汇
1. 名词(电与相关事物)
英文
中文
英文
中文
electricity
电;电能
power
电力;力量
energy
能量;能源
battery
电池
wire
电线
bulb
电灯泡
switch
开关
plug
插头
socket
插座
power station
发电站
task
任务
experience
经历;体验
candlelight
烛光
tablet
平板电脑
household task
家务活
safety
安全
2. 形容词
英文
中文
英文
中文
electrical
与电有关的
electric
电动的;用电的
electronic
电子的
useful
有用的
important
重要的
dangerous
危险的
safe
安全的
careful
小心的
careless
粗心的
renewable
可再生的
【辨析】electric / electrical / electronic
单词
含义
用法
例句
electric
电动的;带电的
具体电器
electric car, electric guitar
electrical
与电有关的
抽象概念/领域
electrical equipment, electrical engineering
electronic
电子的
电子设备
electronic device, electronic game
3. 动词
英文
中文
英文
中文
produce
生产;产生
generate
发电;产生
connect
连接
save
节约;拯救
waste
浪费
pollute
污染
touch
触摸
burn
燃烧;烫伤
hurt
伤害
allow
允许
apologize
道歉
imagine
想象
4. 副词/其他
英文
中文
英文
中文
everywhere
到处;处处
anywhere
任何地方
instead
代替;反而
especially
尤其;特别
safely
安全地
carefully
小心地
5. 词性转换
词性
单词
转换形式
名词→形容词
electricity
electrical/electric/electronic (adj.)
形容词→名词
safe
safety (n.)
形容词→副词
safe
safely (adv.)
动词→名词
connect
connection (n.)
动词→形容词
excite
exciting (adj.)
名词→形容词
power
powerful (adj.)
动词→名词
produce
production (n.)
三、重点短语
1. 用电相关
英文
中文
use electricity
用电
produce electricity
发电
generate electricity
发电
save electricity
节约用电
waste electricity
浪费电
turn on / switch on
打开(电器)
turn off / switch off
关掉(电器)
plug in
插上插头
unplug
拔下插头
run out of battery
电池耗尽
2. 无电周末相关(来自课文)
英文
中文
a switch-off weekend
断电的周末
for a while
一会儿
after a while
过了一会儿
by candlelight
用烛光
go bad
变质;变坏
even worse
更糟糕的是
by hand
用手工
go on a bike trip
骑自行车旅行
in the countryside
在乡村
under the stars
在星空下
3. 安全用电
英文
中文
safety rules
安全规则
be careful with
小心对待
stay away from
远离
touch the wire
触碰电线
wet hands
湿手
be dangerous to do sth.
做某事很危险
follow the rules
遵守规则
4. 其他重要短语
英文
中文
have something in common
有共同之处
at the speed of
以……的速度
at a high speed
高速
run out of
用完;耗尽(主语为人)
connect A to/with B
连接A和B
care about
关心;在乎
care for
照顾;喜欢
the amount of
……的数量(+不可数名词)
a large amount of
大量的(+不可数名词)
四、重点句型
1. 课文原句(A switch-off weekend)
Last week, our science teacher, Mrs Brown, taught us about electricity and how important it is. 上周,我们的科学老师布朗夫人教我们关于电以及它的重要性。
Our family thought it sounded interesting, so we decided to do it together.
我们家觉得这听起来很有趣,所以我们决定一起去做。
However, it turned out that it was very hard to live without electricity.
然而,事实证明,没有电的生活是非常困难的。
After it got dark, my little brother Benny and I could only read and write by candlelight. 天黑后,我和弟弟本尼只能在烛光下读写。
Instead, we played video games for a while, but then our tablet ran out of battery.
相反,我们玩了一段时间的电子游戏,但后来平板电脑没电了。
Since there wasn't any electricity, some things in the fridge quickly went bad.
由于没有电,冰箱里的一些东西很快就坏了。
Even worse, most household tasks became very difficult without electricity.
更糟糕的是,没有电,大多数家务活都变得非常困难。
For example, we had to wash all our clothes by hand, and this took us a lot of time. 例如,我们必须用手洗所有的衣服,这花了很多时间。
This was a really interesting experience, but I cannot imagine living without electricity for more than a few days.
这是一次非常有趣的经历,但我无法想象在没有电的情况下生活超过几天。
2. 描述电的重要性
Electricity is everywhere. 电无处不在。
Electricity is very useful and it is important for our modern life.
电非常有用,它对我们的现代生活至关重要。
Electricity makes our daily life more convenient. 电使我们的日常生活更加便利。
3. 安全用电警示
It's dangerous to touch the electric wire with wet hands.
用湿手触碰电线是很危险的。
Please be careful with electricity and don't play with it at home.
请小心用电,不要在家里玩电。
Don't leave the fridge open for a long time, because it will waste a lot of electricity. 不要让冰箱长时间开着,因为这会浪费很多电。
五、语法知识:情态动词 can, may, must
1. 定义与特征
情态动词表示说话人的语气或态度,如能力、许可、义务、推测等。情态动词有以下特征:
不能独立作谓语,必须后跟动词原形
没有人称和数的变化(主语是he/she/it时也不加-s)
否定形式直接在后面加 not
核心结构:情态动词 + 动词原形
2. can / cannot (can't)
用法
含义
例句
表示能力
能;会
I can produce electricity by rubbing a ruler.
表示许可(非正式)
可以
Can I borrow your ruler, please?
表示可能性
可能(用于疑问/否定)
Can it be true? It can't be Lily's bag.
注意:
否定形式:cannot(正式)/ can't(缩写)
一般疑问句:将 can 提到主语前
过去式:could(表示过去的能力)
例句:
We can't see electricity, but we can feel it.
Can you tell me what you know about electricity?
3. may / may not
用法
含义
例句
请求许可(正式/礼貌)
可以
May I try to produce electricity?
给予/拒绝许可
可以/不可以
You may use my ruler.
表示推测
可能;也许
These robots may save the world.
注意:
may not 语气较温和,意为“不可以”,不等于“禁止”
might 是 may 的过去式,也可表比 may 更弱的推测
回答 May I... 的问句:
肯定回答:Yes, you may. / Yes, please.
否定回答:No, you can't. / No, you mustn't.
辨析 may not vs. must not:
表达
语气
含义
may not
委婉
不可以(许可被拒绝)
must not
强烈
禁止;绝对不可以
4. must / must not (mustn't)
用法
含义
例句
表示义务/必要性
必须
We must follow the safety rules.
表示强烈禁止
禁止;不准
You must not touch the wires.
表示肯定推测
一定;准是
There must be someone in the room.
注意:
must not 缩写为 mustn't,表示“绝对禁止”,语气最强
must 没有过去式,可用 had to 表示过去“必须”
must 引导的一般疑问句:
肯定回答:Yes, you must.
否定回答:No, you needn't / don't have to.
5. 情态动词对比表
情态动词
能力
许可
义务/必须
推测/可能
can/can't
✅
✅(非正式)
❌
✅(否定/疑问)
may/may not
❌
✅(正式/礼貌)
❌
✅
must/mustn't
❌
❌
✅
✅(肯定推测)
6. 常见错误提醒
错误用法
正确用法
说明
He cans swim.
He can swim.
情态动词后动词用原形,不加-s
I must to go.
I must go.
情态动词后不加to
May I watch TV?
— No, you may not.
No, you can't/mustn't.
否定回答更常用can't/mustn't
You mustn't play outside.(表不必)
You needn't/don't have to play outside.
mustn't 表“禁止”,
不表“不必”
六、重点词汇用法详解
1. turn out 的用法
结构
含义
例句
turn out + adj.
结果是;证明是
It turned out very hard to live without electricity.
turn out to be + n./adj.
结果是……
The plan turned out to be a great success.
It turned out that + 从句
结果发现……
It turned out that she had never been to Paris.
2. run out of vs. run out
短语
词性
主语
是否需要宾语
例句
run out of
及物动词短语
人
必须接宾语(用完的东西)
We ran out of battery.
run out
不及物动词短语
物
不接宾语
The battery ran out.
同义替换:
run out of = use up(主语为人)
run out = give out(主语为物)
3. go bad 中 go 的用法
go 在此为连系动词,表示“变得(尤指向坏的方向变化)”,后接形容词。
类别
短语
含义
食物变质
go bad
变坏
go sour
变酸
颜色/状态
go grey
变灰白
go silent
变得沉默
情绪/行为
go wrong
出问题
go crazy
发疯
4. connect 的用法
搭配
含义
例句
connect A to B
把A连接到B(强调物理连接)
Connect the printer to the computer.
connect A with B
把A和B联系起来(抽象联系)
Science is connected with daily life.
be connected to/with
与……相连/相关
The wires are connected to the power supply.
5. care about vs. care for
短语
含义
例句
care about
关心;在乎
She cares about environmental protection.
care for
照顾(=look after);喜欢(多用于疑问/否定)
She cares for her sick mother. / I don't care for spicy food.
6. amount 的用法
结构
谓语动词
例句
the amount of + 不可数名词
单数
The amount of water is decreasing.
a large amount of + 不可数名词
单数
A large amount of money was donated.
large amounts of + 不可数名词
复数(amounts为主语)
Large amounts of water were wasted.
【辨析】 the amount of + 不可数名词 vs. the number of + 可数名词复数
7. have something in common
结构
含义
have something in common
有共同之处
have nothing in common
没有共同之处
have a lot in common
有很多共同之处
例句:The twins have a lot in common in terms of hobbies.
七、话题写作指导
1. 话题词汇
类别
词汇
电器设备
light, TV, computer, fridge, fan, air conditioner, washing machine
用电行为
turn on/off, plug in, unplug, use, waste, save
安全规则
dangerous, safe, careful, touch, wet hands, stay away from
情态动词
can, cannot, may, may not, must, must not
2. 常用句型
描述电的重要性:
Electricity is everywhere in our daily lives.
We cannot imagine a world without electricity.
提出节约用电建议:
We should turn off the lights when we leave the room.
Don't leave the TV on when nobody is watching.
Remember to unplug the charger after using it.
制定安全用电规则:
You must not touch the wires with wet hands.
Keep electrical appliances away from water.
You should ask an adult for help when using electricity.
描述无电体验:
It turned out that it was very hard to live without electricity.
Without electricity, we could only read by candlelight.
Some things in the fridge quickly went bad.
3. 写作范例:Rules for Using Electricity Safely
Electricity is very useful in our daily lives, but it can also be dangerous. Here are some rules for using electricity safely at home.
First, you must not touch any electrical wires or sockets with wet hands. Water and electricity are a dangerous combination. Second, do not plug too many appliances into one socket, as this may cause a fire. Third, when you leave a room, remember to turn off the lights and unplug the chargers. This can also help save electricity. Fourth, if you see a broken wire or a damaged plug, do not touch it. You must ask an adult to fix it.
Electricity is our good friend, but we must use it wisely and safely. Remember: safety first!
4. 写作思路建议
开头:点明电的重要性及制定规则的必要性
主体:逐条列出规则(可使用 First, Second, Third... 进行衔接)
结尾:总结呼吁,强调安全第一
八、拓展知识
1. 发电方式
英文
中文
thermal power
火力发电
hydropower
水力发电
wind power
风力发电
solar power
太阳能发电
nuclear power
核能发电
2. 地球一小时(Earth Hour)
地球一小时是世界自然基金会(WWF)发起的全球性节能活动,提倡在每年三月最后一个星期六的当地时间晚上20:30,家庭及商界用户关上不必要的电灯及耗电产品一小时,以此表明对应对气候变化行动的支持。
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