2026-2027学年高二上学期暑假七选五复习（3）：生态与环保 专练

**基本信息** 以生态环保为主题，融合阅读理解与完形填空，通过题型解法提炼和议论文逻辑梳理，系统提升语言能力与环保意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |阅读理解|4题|细节题定位原文、推理题结合专家引用、主旨题概括核心观点|环保主题词汇（如greenhouse gas emissions）与“问题-对策”议论文结构结合，通过多专家引语支撑论点| |完形填空|5题|上下文衔接（如转折词However、指代关系This）、段落逻辑（问题-措施）|从生态重要性到人类威胁，再到政府/个人对策，形成“提出问题-解决问题”的逻辑链条|

生态与环保 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （1） “The era of global warming has ended and the era of global boiling has arrived,” the UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, said after scientists confirmed July 2023 was the world's hottest month on record. “Humanity is in the hot seat,” Guterres told a press conference on Thursday. “For vast parts of North America, Asia, Africa and Europe, it is a cruel summer. For the entire planet, it is a disaster. And for scientists, it is clear that humans are to blame. Climate change is here, it is terrifying, and it is just the beginning. The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.” Guterres urged politicians to take swift action. “The air is unbreathable, the heat is unbearable, and the level of fossil fuel profits and climate inaction is unacceptable. Leaders must lead. No more hesitancy, no more excuses, and no more waiting for others to move first. There is simply no more time for that. ” “It is still possible to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 ℃ and avoid the very worst of climate change but only with dramatic, immediate climate action. We have seen some progress, but none of this is going far enough or fast enough. Accelerating temperatures demand accelerated action.” The WMO secretary general, Petteri Taalas, said, “The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is more urgent than ever before. Climate action is not a luxury but a must.” Other climate scientists confirmed the findings. Karsten Haustein at Leipzig University found the world was 1.5 ℃ hotter in July 2023 than in the average July before industrialisation. 气候环保： the era of global warming全球变暖时代；the era of global boiling全球沸腾时代； on record有记录以来；a press conference新闻发布会；vast parts of……的大片区域；climate inaction气候治理不作为；global temperature rise全球气温上升；greenhouse gas emissions温室气体排放；the very worst of climate change气候变化最严重的后果；climate action气候行动；before industrialisation Marina Romanello, a climate and health researcher at University College London, said, “We have data showing how the very foundations of health are being undermined by climate change. But we still have time today to turn the tide and to ensure a liveable future for us and our children.” 1. What made Guterres feel worried? A. Global economy. B. Natural disasters. C. Serious pollution. D. Rising temperatures. 2. Why did Guterres use the phrase “global boiling”? A. To appeal to quick action. B. To change people's concepts. C. To frighten the general public. D. To make his report vivid. 3. How does the author develop the text? A. By analyzing some facts. B. By quoting some experts. C. By offering statistics. D. By giving explanations. 4. What would be the best title for the text? A. Global Boiling: It Is Time to Act. B. Global Boiling: Who Is to Blame? C. Global Boiling: It Isn't That Serious D. Global Boiling: What Measures Should Be Taken? （2） Protecting the Ecological Environment As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil. 5._______________ Industrialization has led to increased emissions (排放) of pollutants into the air and water. Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes. 6._______________ Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion. This destroys the habitats of countless species and contributes to soil loss. 工业化之前；the foundations of health健康根基；a liveable future宜居的未来 动作短语： be in the hot seat陷入困境、处境艰难；be to blame应承担责任，难辞其咎；urge sb. to do sth.敦促某人做某事；take swift action迅速采取行动；wait for others to move first坐等他人先行；avoid the very worst of climate change规避气候变化最极端灾难；accelerate temperature气温不断攀升；accelerate action加快行动步伐；reduce greenhouse gas 7._______________ Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution. For example, they set limits on the amount of pollutants that factories can release and require heavy fines as punishment. Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on. 8._______________ Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions. In addition, individuals can also play a vital role in protecting the ecological environment. We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity. 9._______________ We can also choose to use public transportation or bicycles instead of private cars. Moreover, raising public awareness of environmental protection is essential. Only when everyone realizes the importance of protecting the ecological environment as well as takes action can we hope to have a sustainable future. A. Deforestation is another major issue. B. This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste. C. Cutting carbon emissions is essential for our welfare. D. After all, their cost may add too much burden to our lives. E. They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy. F. To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures. G. However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently. emissions减少温室气体排放；confirm the findings证实该研究结论；turn the tide扭转局势，力挽狂澜；ensure a liveable future守护宜居的未来；be undermined by…被……破坏、遭到……损害 文章分析： 本文为议论文，整体遵循“提出事物重要性—点明现存问题—列举解决对策—总结升华”的行文逻辑。本文论述环保，先阐明生态重要性，指出污染、毁林两大危机，再从政府、个人提出治理对策，呼吁全民保护生态，相关词句可用于同类写作。 答案及解析 1. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For vast parts of North America, Asia, Africa and Europe, it is a cruel summer. For the entire planet, it is a disaster. And for scientists, it is clear that humans are to blame. Climate change is here, it is terrifying, and it is just the beginning. The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.”（“对北美、亚洲、非洲和欧洲的大部分地区来说，这是一个残酷的夏天。对整个地球来说，这都是一场灾难。对科学家来说，很明显，人类应该受到谴责。气候变化就在这里，它很可怕，这只是一个开始。全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来。”）可知，古特雷斯对不断上升的气温感到担忧。故选D。 2. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句The era of global warming has ended; the era of global boiling has arrived.（“全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来。”）以及第三段第一句的Guterres urged politicians to take swift action.（古特雷斯敦促政界人士迅速采取行动。）可知，古特雷斯使用“全球沸腾”这个词语是为了呼吁迅速采取行动。故选A。 3. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在前4个自然段引用古特雷斯关于“全球沸腾”的讲话并敦促政界人士迅速采取行动、第五段引用世界气象组织秘书长佩蒂瑞·塔拉斯的讲话、第六段引用莱比锡大学的卡斯滕·豪斯坦的讲话以及最后一段引用伦敦大学学院气候与健康研究员玛丽娜·罗马内洛的讲话可知，作者通过引用一些专家的话来展开本文。故选B。 4. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的The era of global warming has ended and the era of global boiling has arrived,…（全球变暖的时代已经结束，全球沸腾的时代已经到来……）可知，本文主要围绕“全球沸腾”这一问题展开，并呼吁立即采取行动来应对这一问题。A项Global Boiling: It Is Time to Act.（全球沸腾：是时候采取行动了。）最能概括本文主旨。故选A。 5. 答案：G 解析：前文As we all know, the ecological environment is crucial for the survival and development of all life on Earth. It provides us with essential resources such as clean air, fresh water, and rich soil.（众所周知，生态环境对地球上所有生命的生存和发展至关重要。它为我们提供了清洁的空气、新鲜的水和肥沃的土壤等重要资源），强调了生态环境的重要性。G选项However, human activities have been posing a serious threat to it recently.（然而，最近人类活动一直对它构成严重威胁），However表示转折，引出下文关于人类活动对生态环境造成威胁的内容，起到了承上启下的作用，所以选G。 6. 答案：A 解析：前文Industrialization has led to increased emissions (排放) of pollutants into the air and water. Factories release large amounts of waste gases and liquids, which not only damage the quality of the air we breathe but also pollute rivers and lakes.（工业化导致向空气和水中排放的污染物增加。工厂排放大量的废气和液体，这不仅损害了我们呼吸的空气质量，还污染了河流和湖泊），讲述了工业化带来的污染问题。后文Vast areas of trees are being cleared for agriculture, logging, and urban expansion. This destroys the habitats of countless species and contributes to soil loss.（为了农业、伐木和城市扩张，大片的树木正在被砍伐。这破坏了无数物种的栖息地，并导致了土壤流失），描述了树木被砍伐的情况。A选项Deforestation is another major issue.（森林砍伐是另一个主要问题），Deforestation与后文树木被砍伐相呼应，another major issue表明是除了工业化污染之外的另一个问题，所以选A。 7. 答案：F 解析：后文Governments around the world have been passing stricter environmental laws and regulations. These laws are effective in controlling industrial pollution. For example, they set limits on the amount of pollutants that factories can release and require heavy fines as punishment.（世界各国政府一直在通过更严格的环境法律法规。这些法律在控制工业污染方面是有效的。例如，它们对工厂可以排放的污染物数量设定了限制，并要求处以重罚作为惩罚），以及后文提到的使用可再生能源等内容，都是在讲述应对生态环境问题的措施。F选项To address the threats, human beings are urged to take some measures.（为了解决这些威胁，敦促人类采取一些措施），To address the threats承接前文人类活动对生态环境造成的威胁，take some measures引出后文的具体措施，所以选F。 8. 答案：E 解析：前文Renewable energy sources are also being increasingly used. Solar and wind energy, in particular, are catching on.（可再生能源的使用也越来越多。特别是太阳能和风能，正在流行起来），介绍了可再生能源的使用情况。后文Renewable energy sources can reduce our dependence on fossil (化石) fuels and lower carbon emissions.（可再生能源可以减少我们对化石燃料的依赖，并降低碳排放），说明了可再生能源的好处。E选项They are clean and sustainable alternatives to traditional energy.（它们是传统能源的清洁和可持续的替代品），They指代前文的可再生能源，“clean and sustainable alternatives”进一步阐述了可再生能源的特点，与后文好处相呼应，所以选E。 9. 答案：B 解析：前文We can start with simple things in our daily lives, such as saving water and electricity.（我们可以从日常生活中的简单事情做起，比如节约用水和用电），提到了日常生活中的环保行为。B选项This helps to conserve energy and reduce waste.（这有助于节约能源和减少浪费），This指代前文节约用水和用电的行为，conserve energy and reduce waste说明了这些行为的作用，所以选B。 $