八上预习作业06 基本句子结构（新知精练）-2026年新八年级英语暑假预习作业（新教材译林版）

**基本信息** 以“动词类型判定”为核心，构建“概念-方法-易错”三维体系，通过梯度训练提升句子结构分析的语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识复盘|3类结构+4类易错点|“谓语动词三判定法”：辨动词类型→定结构→避易错|从基本成分到三种结构，按“动词特性-句子成分-应用规则”逻辑链展开| |基础过关|单选10+完成句子10|聚焦动词搭配（如arrive in）、系表结构（taste good）等高频考点|针对S+V/S+V+O/S+V+P基础应用，强化教材核心动词辨析| |能力进阶|完形1篇+阅读4篇|在语篇中综合运用结构分析，如通过动词时态（held）、系动词（became）理解句意|从单句到语篇，实现知识迁移，提升上下文逻辑推断能力| |拓展培优|首字母填空1篇|结合语境补全动词（如smelt, tasted），深化结构与意义的关联|通过语篇填空巩固动词用法，培养语言综合运用的学习能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业06 基本句子结构 知识复盘 一、基本概念 英语句子由主语 (S)、谓语 (V)、宾语 (O)、表语 (P) 等基本成分构成，最基础的三种结构是 S+V、S+V+O、S+V+P。 二、三种基本结构详解 1. S+V（主语 + 不及物动词） 不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语 教材核心不及物动词：arrive, come, go, run, swim, laugh, cry, happen, appear, disappear 教材原句：The temperature drops.；The birds sing. 2. S+V+O（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语） 及物动词：本身意义不完整，后面必须接宾语才能表达完整意思 教材核心及物动词：love, like, hate, have, eat, drink, read, write, play, watch 教材原句：Farmers harvest crops.；I like summer best. 3. S+V+P（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） 系动词：连接主语和表语，本身没有完整意义，表语通常是形容词、名词或介词短语 教材核心系动词分类： 状态系动词：be (am/is/are/was/were) 感官系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel 变化系动词：become, get, grow, turn, go 持续系动词：stay, keep, remain 教材原句：The sky is blue.；Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 三、运用方法 1. 先找句子的谓语动词，判断是及物动词、不及物动词还是系动词 2. 及物动词后必须接宾语，不及物动词后不能直接接宾语 3. 系动词后接表语，通常是形容词 四、易错易混概念 1. 不及物动词直接加宾语： 错误 He arrived Beijing. → 正确 He arrived in Beijing. 2. 系动词后用副词： 错误 The food tastes well. → 正确 The food tastes good. 3. 实义动词 / 系动词混淆： 错误 He looked angrily at me. → 正确 He looked at me angrily.（look 作实义动词用副词修饰）； He looked angry.（look 作系动词用形容词修饰） 4. happen/take place 无被动语态： 错误 The accident was happened. → 正确 The accident happened. 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The sun ______ brightly in the sky every morning. A. shines B. shines the light C. is shining the D. shine 2. —How does the music ______?—Wonderful! It makes me relaxed. A. sound B. sounds C. listen D. hear 3. The little girl ______ happily when she saw her mother. A. laughed B. laughed at C. smiles D. smiles at 4. My father ______ a new computer for me as my birthday present last week. A. buys B. bought C. buyed D. was bought 5. The leaves ______ green when spring comes. A. turn B. turns C. get D. becomes 6. —What ______ just now?—A car accident happened at the corner. A. was happened B. happened C. takes place D. was taken place 7. The soup ______ delicious. Can I have another bowl? A. tastes B. tastes well C. smells well D. feels 8. He ______ at the blackboard carefully but ______ nothing. A. looked; saw B. saw; looked C. looked; looked D. saw; saw 9. The weather ______ warm and sunny these days. We can go hiking. A. stays B. keeps C. remains D. all above 10. —Did you ______ the football match last night?—Yes, our school team won. A. watch B. see C. look D. read 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 昨天下午雨下得很大。 It ______ heavily yesterday afternoon. 2. 我们的英语老师看起来很年轻。 Our English teacher ______ very ______. 3. 他们正在教室里认真地做作业。 They ______ ______ their homework carefully in the classroom. 4. 这条裙子摸起来很柔软。 This dress ______ very ______. 5. 那个男孩昨天到达了南京。 That boy ______ ______ Nanjing yesterday. 6. I like autumn best.（划线部分提问） ______ ______ do you like best? 7. She became a doctor in 2020.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ a doctor in 2020? 8. The milk smells badly.（改错，写出正确句子） 9. The meeting will take place next Friday.（划线部分提问） ______ ______ the meeting ______ place? 10. He runs fast.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ fast. 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School Science Fair Last week, our school 1 a science fair. It was a great event for all the students. We 2 many interesting projects and learned a lot. When I 3 the hall, I 4 surprised. There were so many amazing things on show. Some students 5 models of robots. Others 6 experiments (实验) to show how plants grow. One project 7 my attention. A girl 8 a small machine that could clean water. The water 9 clear after passing through the machine. It 10 really wonderful. I hope I can make a project like that next year. 1. A. held B. hold C. holds D. was held 2. A. saw B. looked C. watched D. read 3. A. arrived B. arrived at C. got D. reached to 4. A. felt B. feel C. felt like D. feel like 5. A. made B. did C. had D. took 6. A. did B. made C. had D. took 7. A. caught B. catches C. caughts D. was caught 8. A. showed B. showed to C. shows D. shows to 9. A. became B. turned C. got D. all above 10. A. was B. is C. were D. are 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Day at the Beach Last Saturday, I went to the beach with my family. The sun was shining brightly and the sky was blue. We arrived at the beach early in the morning. First, my brother and I built a big sandcastle (沙堡). It had a tall tower and a small door. Then we swam in the sea. The water was warm and clean. We played happily for hours. At noon, we had a picnic on the beach. My mother made delicious sandwiches and fruit salad. The food tasted great. After lunch, we walked along the shore and collected beautiful shells. In the afternoon, the wind became stronger. We decided to go home. We felt tired but very happy. It was a wonderful day. 1. When did the writer go to the beach? A. Last Sunday B. Last Saturday C. Last Friday D. Last Monday 2. What did they do first? A. They swam in the sea. B. They had a picnic. C. They built a sandcastle. D. They collected shells. 3. How was the food? A. It tasted bad. B. It tasted great. C. It was too salty. D. It was too sweet. 4. Why did they decide to go home? A. Because it started to rain. B. Because the wind became stronger. C. Because they were hungry. D. Because it was too hot. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to build a sandcastle. B. A wonderful day at the beach. C. The beautiful sea. D. How to have a picnic. B The Amazing Chameleon (变色龙) Chameleons are very special animals. They live in Africa and Asia. They have a unique ability—they can change their color. Why do chameleons change color? Many people think they change color to hide from enemies. But that's not always true. Sometimes they change color because of their mood. When a chameleon is angry, it turns bright red. When it is calm, it turns green. Chameleons also have very long tongues. Their tongues can be longer than their bodies. They use their tongues to catch insects. The tongue moves very fast—faster than the human eye can see. Chameleons have eyes that can move independently. One eye can look up while the other looks down. This helps them see enemies and food from all directions. 1. Where do chameleons live? A. In Africa and Asia. B. In Europe and America. C. In Australia and Africa. D. In Asia and Europe. 2. What happens when a chameleon is angry? A. It turns green. B. It turns bright red. C. It turns blue. D. It turns yellow. 3. What do chameleons use their long tongues for? A. To drink water. B. To climb trees. C. To catch insects. D. To clean their bodies. 4. What is special about chameleons' eyes? A. They can see in the dark. B. They can move independently. C. They are very big. D. They can change color. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Chameleons only change color to hide. B. Chameleons' tongues are shorter than their bodies. C. Chameleons are good at catching insects. D. Chameleons have only one eye. C Our School Project: Planting Trees Last month, our class started a special project. We decided to plant trees in our schoolyard. Our teacher said that trees are important for the environment. They provide oxygen (氧气) and make the air clean. First, we discussed how many trees we needed. We decided to plant 20 trees. Then we bought small trees from a garden center. We also bought shovels (铲子) and water buckets (水桶). On Friday afternoon, we went to the schoolyard. Our teacher divided us into groups. Each group had to plant 4 trees. We dug holes, put the trees in, and filled the holes with soil. Then we watered the trees carefully. Now the trees are growing well. We water them every week. We feel proud of our project. We hope the trees will grow tall and provide shade for us in summer. 1. What project did the class start? A. Planting flowers. B. Planting trees. C. Cleaning the schoolyard. D. Collecting rubbish. 2. Why are trees important according to the teacher? A. They provide food. B. They provide oxygen and make the air clean. C. They look beautiful. D. They provide wood. 3. How many trees did each group plant? A. 2 trees. B. 3 trees. C. 4 trees. D. 5 trees. 4. What did they do after putting the trees in the holes? A. They went home. B. They filled the holes with soil and watered the trees. C. They had a party. D. They took photos. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to plant trees. B. The importance of trees. C. A class project about planting trees. D. How to take care of trees. D The Story of Ice Cream Ice cream is one of the most popular desserts in the world. People of all ages love it. But do you know where ice cream came from? The earliest ice cream was made in China over 2,000 years ago. People mixed snow with fruit and honey. Later, this idea spread to other countries. In the 13th century, Marco Polo brought the recipe (配方) back to Italy. In the 17th century, ice cream became popular in Europe. Kings and queens enjoyed it very much. But it was very expensive because ice was hard to get. In the 19th century, the invention of the freezer (冰箱) made ice cream cheaper and easier to make. Now people can enjoy ice cream anytime and anywhere. There are many different flavors (口味) of ice cream, such as vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry. 1. Where was the earliest ice cream made? A. In Italy. B. In China. C. In Europe. D. In America. 2. Who brought the ice cream recipe back to Italy? A. Marco Polo. B. Columbus. C. A king. D. A queen. 3. Why was ice cream expensive in the 17th century? A. Because it was delicious. B. Because it was hard to make. C. Because ice was hard to get. D. Because only kings and queens could eat it. 4. What made ice cream cheaper and easier to make? A. The invention of the freezer. B. The invention of the refrigerator. C. The invention of the oven. D. The invention of the microwave. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Ice cream is only popular with children. B. The earliest ice cream was made with milk. C. Now people can enjoy ice cream anytime. D. There are only three flavors of ice cream. 实战巩固·拓展培优 首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our School Cooking Club Our school has a cooking club. It is very p 1 among students. Every Friday afternoon, we m 2 in the school kitchen to cook delicious food. Last week, we l 3 to make pizza. Our teacher s 4 us how to make the dough (面团) first. Then we a 5 tomato sauce and cheese on top. We also put some vegetables and ham on it. The pizza s 6 good when it was cooking. After 20 minutes, the pizza was r 7 . It t 8 wonderful! All of us e 9 it happily. We felt very proud because we made it by ourselves. I love the cooking club. It is a great way to learn new skills and m 10 new friends. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业06 基本句子结构 知识复盘 一、基本概念 英语句子由主语 (S)、谓语 (V)、宾语 (O)、表语 (P) 等基本成分构成，最基础的三种结构是 S+V、S+V+O、S+V+P。 二、三种基本结构详解 1. S+V（主语 + 不及物动词） 不及物动词：本身意义完整，后面不需要接宾语 教材核心不及物动词：arrive, come, go, run, swim, laugh, cry, happen, appear, disappear 教材原句：The temperature drops.；The birds sing. 2. S+V+O（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语） 及物动词：本身意义不完整，后面必须接宾语才能表达完整意思 教材核心及物动词：love, like, hate, have, eat, drink, read, write, play, watch 教材原句：Farmers harvest crops.；I like summer best. 3. S+V+P（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） 系动词：连接主语和表语，本身没有完整意义，表语通常是形容词、名词或介词短语 教材核心系动词分类： 状态系动词：be (am/is/are/was/were) 感官系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel 变化系动词：become, get, grow, turn, go 持续系动词：stay, keep, remain 教材原句：The sky is blue.；Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 三、运用方法 1. 先找句子的谓语动词，判断是及物动词、不及物动词还是系动词 2. 及物动词后必须接宾语，不及物动词后不能直接接宾语 3. 系动词后接表语，通常是形容词 四、易错易混概念 1. 不及物动词直接加宾语： 错误 He arrived Beijing. → 正确 He arrived in Beijing. 2. 系动词后用副词： 错误 The food tastes well. → 正确 The food tastes good. 3. 实义动词 / 系动词混淆： 错误 He looked angrily at me. → 正确 He looked at me angrily.（look 作实义动词用副词修饰）； He looked angry.（look 作系动词用形容词修饰） 4. happen/take place 无被动语态： 错误 The accident was happened. → 正确 The accident happened. 实战巩固·基础过关 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The sun ______ brightly in the sky every morning. A. shines B. shines the light C. is shining the D. shine 【答案】A 【解析】句意：太阳每天早上在天空中明亮地照耀着。every morning 是一般现在时标志，主语 the sun 是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 shines。shine 本身意为 "照耀"，无需加 the light，故选 A。 2. —How does the music ______?—Wonderful! It makes me relaxed. A. sound B. sounds C. listen D. hear 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 这音乐听起来怎么样？—— 太棒了！它让我很放松。助动词 does 后接动词原形，排除 B。sound 是系动词，意为 "听起来"；listen 强调听的动作，后需加 to；hear 强调听的结果。此处询问音乐的听觉感受，故选 A。 3. The little girl ______ happily when she saw her mother. A. laughed B. laughed at C. smiles D. smiles at 【答案】A 【解析】句意：小女孩看到妈妈时开心地笑了。when 引导的时间状语从句用了一般过去时 saw，主句也用一般过去时，排除 C、D。laugh 意为 "笑"；laugh at 意为 "嘲笑"，不符合语境，故选 A。 4. My father ______ a new computer for me as my birthday present last week. A. buys B. bought C. buyed D. was bought 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我爸爸上周给我买了一台新电脑作为生日礼物。last week 是一般过去时标志，buy 的过去式是不规则变化 bought，不是 buyed。此处是主动语态，故选 B。 5. The leaves ______ green when spring comes. A. turn B. turns C. get D. becomes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：春天来临时，树叶变绿了。turn 专门用于表示颜色的变化；get 多用于天气、温度变化；become 多用于身份、状态变化。主语 the leaves 是复数，谓语动词用原形，故选 A。 6. —What ______ just now?—A car accident happened at the corner. A. was happened B. happened C. takes place D. was taken place 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 刚才发生了什么事？—— 拐角处发生了一起车祸。happen 和 take place 都是不及物动词，无被动语态，排除 A、D。just now 是一般过去时标志，且车祸是偶然发生，用 happen，故选 B。 7. The soup ______ delicious. Can I have another bowl? A. tastes B. tastes well C. smells well D. feels 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这汤尝起来很美味。我能再要一碗吗？taste 是系动词，后接形容词作表语。well 作形容词时意为 "身体好"，不符合语境；feel 意为 "摸起来"，与汤的味道无关，故选 A。 8. He ______ at the blackboard carefully but ______ nothing. A. looked; saw B. saw; looked C. looked; looked D. saw; saw 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他仔细地看黑板，但什么也没看见。look 强调 "看" 的动作，是不及物动词，接宾语需加 at；see 强调 "看" 的结果，是及物动词。第一空表动作，第二空表结果，故选 A。 9. The weather ______ warm and sunny these days. We can go hiking. A. stays B. keeps C. remains D. all above 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这些天天气一直温暖晴朗。我们可以去远足。stay、keep、remain 都可作系动词，后接形容词，表示 "保持某种状态"，三者在此处均可互换使用，故选 D。 10. —Did you ______ the football match last night?—Yes, our school team won. A. watch B. see C. look D. read 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 你昨晚看足球比赛了吗？—— 看了，我们校队赢了。watch 用于观看比赛、电视、电影等动态画面；see 强调看的结果；look 是不及物动词，后需加 at；read 用于阅读文字类内容。看足球比赛用 watch，故选 A。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 昨天下午雨下得很大。 It ______ heavily yesterday afternoon. 【答案】rained 【解析】句意：昨天下午雨下得很大。时间状语 "yesterday afternoon"（昨天下午）明确表示过去的时间，因此句子要用一般过去时。 2. 我们的英语老师看起来很年轻。 Our English teacher ______ very ______. 【答案】looks; young 【解析】句意：我们的英语老师看起来很年轻。"看起来" 是系动词 look，主语 "Our English teacher" 是第三人称单数，且句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，因此 look 要加 - s 变为 looks。 3. 他们正在教室里认真地做作业。 They ______ ______ their homework carefully in the classroom. 【答案】are doing 【解析】句意：他们正在教室里认真地做作业。"正在做" 表示动作正在进行，因此要用现在进行时，其结构为：am/is/are + 动词的现在分词。 4. 这条裙子摸起来很柔软。 This dress ______ very ______. 【答案】feels; soft 【解析】句意：这条裙子摸起来很柔软。"摸起来" 是感官系动词 feel，主语 "This dress" 是第三人称单数，一般现在时，因此 feel 要加 - s 变为 feels。 5. 那个男孩昨天到达了南京。 That boy ______ ______ Nanjing yesterday. 【答案】arrived in 【解析】句意：那个男孩昨天到达了南京。时间状语 "yesterday"（昨天）表示过去，用一般过去时。"到达" 大地点（城市、国家等）用 arrive in，arrive 的过去式是 arrived。 6. I like autumn best.（划线部分提问） ______ ______ do you like best? 【答案】Which season 【解析】原句句意：我最喜欢秋天。划线部分 "autumn"（秋天）是季节名称，对 "哪一个季节" 提问要用Which season。 7. She became a doctor in 2020.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ a doctor in 2020? 【答案】Did; become 【解析】原句句意：她在 2020 年成为了一名医生。一般过去时的句子改为一般疑问句，需要在句首加助动词Did。注意：加了助动词 Did 之后，原句中的动词过去式必须变回原形。became 的原形是 become。 8. The milk smells badly.（改错，写出正确句子） 【答案】The milk smells bad. 【解析】原句句意：这牛奶闻起来坏了。错误原因：smell 是感官系动词，后面必须接形容词作表语，而不能接副词。badly 是副词，意思是 "糟糕地；严重地"，其形容词形式是 bad（坏的；变质的）。 9. The meeting will take place next Friday.（划线部分提问） ______ ______ the meeting ______ place? 【答案】When will; take 【解析】原句句意：会议将在下周五举行。划线部分 "next Friday"（下周五）是时间，对时间提问要用When。一般将来时（will + 动词原形）的疑问句，需要把will 提到主语前面，后面的动词保持原形。 10. He runs fast.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ fast. 【答案】doesn’t run 【解析】原句句意：他跑得很快。一般现在时的句子改为否定句，当主语是第三人称单数时，需要在动词前面加助动词doesn't。注意：加了助动词 doesn't 之后，原句中的动词第三人称单数形式必须变回原形。runs 的原形是 run。 实战巩固·能力进阶 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School Science Fair Last week, our school 1 a science fair. It was a great event for all the students. We 2 many interesting projects and learned a lot. When I 3 the hall, I 4 surprised. There were so many amazing things on show. Some students 5 models of robots. Others 6 experiments (实验) to show how plants grow. One project 7 my attention. A girl 8 a small machine that could clean water. The water 9 clear after passing through the machine. It 10 really wonderful. I hope I can make a project like that next year. 1. A. held B. hold C. holds D. was held 2. A. saw B. looked C. watched D. read 3. A. arrived B. arrived at C. got D. reached to 4. A. felt B. feel C. felt like D. feel like 5. A. made B. did C. had D. took 6. A. did B. made C. had D. took 7. A. caught B. catches C. caughts D. was caught 8. A. showed B. showed to C. shows D. shows to 9. A. became B. turned C. got D. all above 10. A. was B. is C. were D. are 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，以第一人称视角回忆了作者上周参加学校科学展的经历。文章描述了科学展上丰富多样的展品和实验项目，重点介绍了一个令人印象深刻的净水机器项目，表达了作者对科学展的喜爱以及明年也想制作优秀项目的愿望。全文以一般过去时为主，围绕 “科学展” 这一核心事件展开叙述。 1. 句意：上周，我们学校举办了一场科学展。解析：时间状语 "Last week" 用一般过去时；主语 "our school" 是动作 "举办" 的发出者，用主动语态；hold 的过去式是 held。 2. 句意：我们看到了很多有趣的项目，学到了很多东西。解析：see 强调 "看到" 的结果；look 是不及物动词，需加 at 才能接宾语；watch 侧重 "观看动态过程"；read 指 "阅读文字类内容"。 3. 句意：当我到达大厅时，我感到很惊讶。解析：arrive 是不及物动词，接小地点用 arrive at；get 需加 to 才能接宾语；reach 是及物动词，直接接宾语，不加 to。 4. 句意：同上。解析：feel 是系动词，后接形容词作表语，过去式为 felt；feel like 意为 "想要；感觉像"，后接名词或动名词，不符合语境。 5. 句意：一些学生制作了机器人模型。解析：make models 是固定搭配，意为 "制作模型"；do 泛指 "做事情"；have 表示 "拥有"；take 表示 "拿走"。 6. 句意：其他人做实验来展示植物是如何生长的。解析：do experiments 是固定搭配，意为 "做实验"。 7. 句意：一个项目吸引了我的注意力。解析：catch one's attention 是固定搭配，意为 "吸引某人的注意力"；catch 的过去式是 caught；主语是动作的发出者，用主动语态。 8. 句意：一个女孩展示了一台可以净化水的小机器。解析：show sth. 意为 "展示某物"；show sth. to sb. 意为 "把某物展示给某人看"；全文用一般过去时，故用 showed。 9. 句意：水经过机器后变得清澈了。解析：become、turn、get 均可作系动词，表示 "变得"，后接形容词作表语，三者在此处均可使用。 10. 句意：它真的很棒。解析：主语 it 是第三人称单数，全文用一般过去时，故 be 动词用 was。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Day at the Beach Last Saturday, I went to the beach with my family. The sun was shining brightly and the sky was blue. We arrived at the beach early in the morning. First, my brother and I built a big sandcastle (沙堡). It had a tall tower and a small door. Then we swam in the sea. The water was warm and clean. We played happily for hours. At noon, we had a picnic on the beach. My mother made delicious sandwiches and fruit salad. The food tasted great. After lunch, we walked along the shore and collected beautiful shells. In the afternoon, the wind became stronger. We decided to go home. We felt tired but very happy. It was a wonderful day. 1. When did the writer go to the beach? A. Last Sunday B. Last Saturday C. Last Friday D. Last Monday 2. What did they do first? A. They swam in the sea. B. They had a picnic. C. They built a sandcastle. D. They collected shells. 3. How was the food? A. It tasted bad. B. It tasted great. C. It was too salty. D. It was too sweet. 4. Why did they decide to go home? A. Because it started to rain. B. Because the wind became stronger. C. Because they were hungry. D. Because it was too hot. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to build a sandcastle. B. A wonderful day at the beach. C. The beautiful sea. D. How to have a picnic. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周六和家人一起去海滩游玩的经历，依次介绍了堆沙堡、游泳、野餐、捡贝壳等活动，展现了一段充实又快乐的海滩时光，表达了作者愉悦的心情。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 "Last Saturday, I went to the beach with my family." 可知，作者是上周六去的海滩，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 "First, my brother and I built a big sandcastle." 可知，他们到达海滩后首先做的事是堆沙堡，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 "The food tasted great." 可知，野餐的食物尝起来非常美味，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句 "In the afternoon, the wind became stronger. We decided to go home." 可知，他们决定回家是因为下午风变大了，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕作者一家在海滩的一天展开，记录了各项活动和愉快的感受，最后一句 "It was a wonderful day." 直接点明了文章主旨，故选 B。 B The Amazing Chameleon (变色龙) Chameleons are very special animals. They live in Africa and Asia. They have a unique ability—they can change their color. Why do chameleons change color? Many people think they change color to hide from enemies. But that's not always true. Sometimes they change color because of their mood. When a chameleon is angry, it turns bright red. When it is calm, it turns green. Chameleons also have very long tongues. Their tongues can be longer than their bodies. They use their tongues to catch insects. The tongue moves very fast—faster than the human eye can see. Chameleons have eyes that can move independently. One eye can look up while the other looks down. This helps them see enemies and food from all directions. 1. Where do chameleons live? A. In Africa and Asia. B. In Europe and America. C. In Australia and Africa. D. In Asia and Europe. 2. What happens when a chameleon is angry? A. It turns green. B. It turns bright red. C. It turns blue. D. It turns yellow. 3. What do chameleons use their long tongues for? A. To drink water. B. To climb trees. C. To catch insects. D. To clean their bodies. 4. What is special about chameleons' eyes? A. They can see in the dark. B. They can move independently. C. They are very big. D. They can change color. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Chameleons only change color to hide. B. Chameleons' tongues are shorter than their bodies. C. Chameleons are good at catching insects. D. Chameleons have only one eye. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了变色龙这种特殊动物的四大特征：栖息地分布、变色的真实原因、超长且快速的舌头，以及能够独立转动的眼睛，展现了变色龙的神奇之处。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 "They live in Africa and Asia." 可知，变色龙生活在非洲和亚洲，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句 "When a chameleon is angry, it turns bright red." 可知，变色龙生气时会变成鲜红色，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 "They use their tongues to catch insects." 可知，变色龙用长舌头捕捉昆虫，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 "Chameleons have eyes that can move independently." 可知，变色龙眼睛的特别之处是可以独立转动，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，变色龙的舌头比身体还长且移动速度极快，专门用来捕捉昆虫，由此可推断它们很擅长捕捉昆虫。A 与原文 “变色不只是为了躲避敌人” 矛盾；B 与原文 “舌头比身体长” 矛盾；D 明显错误，故选 C。 C Our School Project: Planting Trees Last month, our class started a special project. We decided to plant trees in our schoolyard. Our teacher said that trees are important for the environment. They provide oxygen (氧气) and make the air clean. First, we discussed how many trees we needed. We decided to plant 20 trees. Then we bought small trees from a garden center. We also bought shovels (铲子) and water buckets (水桶). On Friday afternoon, we went to the schoolyard. Our teacher divided us into groups. Each group had to plant 4 trees. We dug holes, put the trees in, and filled the holes with soil. Then we watered the trees carefully. Now the trees are growing well. We water them every week. We feel proud of our project. We hope the trees will grow tall and provide shade for us in summer. 1. What project did the class start? A. Planting flowers. B. Planting trees. C. Cleaning the schoolyard. D. Collecting rubbish. 2. Why are trees important according to the teacher? A. They provide food. B. They provide oxygen and make the air clean. C. They look beautiful. D. They provide wood. 3. How many trees did each group plant? A. 2 trees. B. 3 trees. C. 4 trees. D. 5 trees. 4. What did they do after putting the trees in the holes? A. They went home. B. They filled the holes with soil and watered the trees. C. They had a party. D. They took photos. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to plant trees. B. The importance of trees. C. A class project about planting trees. D. How to take care of trees. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者班级上个月在校园开展植树项目的完整过程，包括项目发起的原因、前期准备工作、分组植树的具体步骤以及后续的树木养护，展现了同学们积极参与环保活动的热情和完成项目后的自豪感。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句 "Last month, our class started a special project. We decided to plant trees in our schoolyard." 可知，班级开展的项目是植树，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句 "Our teacher said that trees are important for the environment. They provide oxygen and make the air clean." 可知，老师认为树木重要是因为它们能提供氧气并净化空气，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 "Each group had to plant 4 trees." 可知，每个小组需要种植 4 棵树，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句 "We dug holes, put the trees in, and filled the holes with soil. Then we watered the trees carefully." 可知，把树苗放进洞里后，他们先填土再浇水，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕 "班级植树项目" 展开，完整记录了项目从筹备到实施再到养护的全过程。A、B、D 均只涉及文章部分内容，不能概括全文主旨，故选 C。 D The Story of Ice Cream Ice cream is one of the most popular desserts in the world. People of all ages love it. But do you know where ice cream came from? The earliest ice cream was made in China over 2,000 years ago. People mixed snow with fruit and honey. Later, this idea spread to other countries. In the 13th century, Marco Polo brought the recipe (配方) back to Italy. In the 17th century, ice cream became popular in Europe. Kings and queens enjoyed it very much. But it was very expensive because ice was hard to get. In the 19th century, the invention of the freezer (冰箱) made ice cream cheaper and easier to make. Now people can enjoy ice cream anytime and anywhere. There are many different flavors (口味) of ice cream, such as vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry. 1. Where was the earliest ice cream made? A. In Italy. B. In China. C. In Europe. D. In America. 2. Who brought the ice cream recipe back to Italy? A. Marco Polo. B. Columbus. C. A king. D. A queen. 3. Why was ice cream expensive in the 17th century? A. Because it was delicious. B. Because it was hard to make. C. Because ice was hard to get. D. Because only kings and queens could eat it. 4. What made ice cream cheaper and easier to make? A. The invention of the freezer. B. The invention of the refrigerator. C. The invention of the oven. D. The invention of the microwave. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Ice cream is only popular with children. B. The earliest ice cream was made with milk. C. Now people can enjoy ice cream anytime. D. There are only three flavors of ice cream. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文，按照时间顺序介绍了冰淇淋的起源与全球发展历程：从 2000 多年前中国的早期雏形，到经马可・波罗传入欧洲成为贵族专属，再到 19 世纪冰箱发明后普及为大众喜爱的甜点，清晰展现了冰淇淋的演变历史。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 "The earliest ice cream was made in China over 2,000 years ago." 可知，最早的冰淇淋诞生于中国，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句 "In the 13th century, Marco Polo brought the recipe back to Italy." 可知，是马可・波罗将冰淇淋配方带回了意大利，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 "But it was very expensive because ice was hard to get." 可知，17 世纪冰淇淋昂贵的原因是冰难以获取，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 "In the 19th century, the invention of the freezer made ice cream cheaper and easier to make." 可知，冰箱的发明让冰淇淋的制作变得更便宜、更便捷，故选 A。 5. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句 "Now people can enjoy ice cream anytime and anywhere." 可直接推断出 C 选项正确。A 与原文 "People of all ages love it" 矛盾；B 与原文 "People mixed snow with fruit and honey" 矛盾；D 与原文 "many different flavors" 矛盾，故选 C。 实战巩固·拓展培优 首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our School Cooking Club Our school has a cooking club. It is very p 1 among students. Every Friday afternoon, we m 2 in the school kitchen to cook delicious food. Last week, we l 3 to make pizza. Our teacher s 4 us how to make the dough (面团) first. Then we a 5 tomato sauce and cheese on top. We also put some vegetables and ham on it. The pizza s 6 good when it was cooking. After 20 minutes, the pizza was r 7 . It t 8 wonderful! All of us e 9 it happily. We felt very proud because we made it by ourselves. I love the cooking club. It is a great way to learn new skills and m 10 new friends. 【答案】1. popular 2. meet 3. learned/learnt 4. showed 5. added 6. smelled/smelt 7. ready 8. tasted 9. enjoyed 10. make 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了作者学校深受欢迎的烹饪俱乐部，重点讲述了上周俱乐部成员在老师指导下学习制作披萨并开心享用成果的经历，表达了作者对烹饪俱乐部的喜爱以及从中收获的快乐与成长。 1. 句意：它在学生中非常受欢迎。 原因：be popular among 是固定搭配，意为 “在…… 中受欢迎”，符合俱乐部受学生喜爱的语境。 2. 句意：每周五下午，我们在学校厨房集合做美味的食物。 原因：meet in + 地点表示 “在某地集合”，全文为一般现在时，主语 we，用动词原形。 3. 句意：上周，我们学习制作披萨。 原因：learn to do sth. 意为 “学习做某事”，last week 提示用一般过去时，learn 的过去式为 learned/learnt。 4. 句意：我们的老师先教我们如何做面团。 原因：show sb. how to do sth. 意为 “教某人如何做某事”，讲述上周的事用一般过去时，show 的过去式为 showed。 5. 句意：然后我们在上面加了番茄酱和奶酪。 原因：add...on top 是固定搭配，意为 “在上面加……”，一般过去时，add 的过去式为 added。 6. 句意：披萨在烤制的时候闻起来很香。 原因：smell good 意为 “闻起来香”，一般过去时，smell 的过去式为 smelled/smelt。 7. 句意：20 分钟后，披萨做好了。 原因：be ready 是固定搭配，意为 “准备好的，完成的”，符合披萨烤制完成的语境。 8. 句意：它尝起来棒极了！ 原因：taste wonderful 意为 “尝起来很棒”，一般过去时，taste 的过去式为 tasted。 9. 句意：我们所有人都开心地享用了它。 原因：enjoy 意为 “享用，享受”，一般过去时，enjoy 的过去式为 enjoyed。 10. 句意：这是学习新技能和交新朋友的好方法。 原因：make friends 是固定搭配，意为 “交朋友”，and 连接两个并列的不定式，to 省略，用动词原形。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $