Unit 4 Our animal friends 知识清单-2025-2026学年沪教版英语七年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统整合沪教版七年级下册Unit 4“Our animal friends”内容，涵盖单元主题目标、核心词汇、重点短语、句型、语法及写作指导，构建从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到话题写作的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类梳理与表格化呈现构建知识体系，如核心词汇按词性分名词、形容词等类别，语法中方位介词配场景例句，反身代词列用法及固定短语。重点词汇用法详解（如allow的四种结构表）和写作指导（话题词汇+范例）设计，培养学生语言能力与学习能力，助力学生系统复习，教师精准开展教学活动。

沪教版七年级英语下册 Unit 4 Our animal friends 知识清单 一、单元主题与目标 主题范畴：人与自然 —— 动物与人类的关系 核心内容：讲述动物帮助人类的故事，探讨动物如何成为人类的朋友和帮手 学习目标：能够讲述动物帮助人类的故事，描述人与动物之间的关系，理解动物对人类的重要性 二、核心词汇 1. 名词（动物与人物） 英文 中文 英文 中文 dolphin 海豚 hen 母鸡 shark 鲨鱼 pet 宠物 service 服务 receptionist 接待员 fireman (pl. firemen) 消防队员 smoke 烟 disaster 灾难；灾害 guest 旅客；房客 honey 蜂蜜 material 材料；原料 source 来源；出处 effort 艰难的尝试；试图 wool （羊等的）毛 group 组；班 type 类型；种类 search-and-rescue 搜索救援 courage 勇气 relationship 关系 2. 形容词 英文 中文 英文 中文 blind 瞎的；失明的 asleep 睡着的 scared 害怕；恐惧 grey 灰色的 extinct 已灭绝的 loyal 忠诚的 brave 勇敢的 gentle 温和的 3. 动词 英文 中文 英文 中文 allow 允许进入（或出去、通过） apologize 道歉 guard 守卫；保卫 transport 运输；运送 survive 生存；存活 scare 使害怕 rescue 营救；救援 describe 描述 4. 副词 英文 中文 英文 中文 probably 很可能；大概 somewhere 在某处；到某处 sometime 在某时 either 也（用于否定句句末） 5. 词性转换 词性 单词 转换形式 形容词→副词 blind blindly (adv. 盲目地) 形容词→名词 blind blindness (n. 失明) 动词→形容词 scare scared (adj. 害怕的) / scary (adj. 恐怖的) 动词→名词 apologize apology (n. 道歉) 动词→名词 serve service (n. 服务) 形容词→名词 safe safety (n. 安全) 动词→名词 lead leader (n. 领袖；领导) 形容词→副词 probably probable (adj. 很可能的) 三、重点短语 1. 动物与人的关系 英文 中文 animal friends 动物朋友 wild animals 野生动物 be friendly to 对……友好 make friends with 和……交朋友 take care of / look after 照顾；照料 play with 和……一起玩 2. 导盲犬故事相关短语 英文 中文 get around by oneself 独自走动 lead sb. to ... 带某人到…… fall asleep 入睡；睡着 wake up 醒来 start barking 开始吠叫 get down on the floor 趴在地板上 put sth. along the bottom of the door 沿着门底部塞某物 get sb. out of ... 把某人带出…… with one’s help / with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 3. 火灾情景短语 英文 中文 smell smoke 闻到烟味 fire engine 消防车 stop the smoke 阻止烟雾 put out the fire 灭火 save one’s life 救某人的命 4. 禁止与允许 英文 中文 allow pets 允许带宠物 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 5. 动物驯化相关短语 英文 中文 used to be 曾经是 turn into 变成 provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 thousands of 数以千计的 thanks to 多亏；由于 6. 其他重要短语 英文 中文 in danger 处于危险中 protect animals 保护动物 lose one’s home 失去家园 in the end 最后；最终 before long 不久以后 apologize to sb. 向某人道歉 either ... or ... 要么……要么…… 四、重点句型 1. 描述动物的重要性 Animals are our friends. 动物是我们的朋友。 Dogs were among the first animals to be domesticated. 狗是最早被驯化的动物之一。 They provide people with meat and wool, and became an important source. 它们为人们提供肉类和羊毛，成为重要的资源。 2. 描述盲人与导盲犬的关系 I’m blind, and it’s hard for me to get around by myself. 我是盲人，很难一个人走动。 I need him to show me where to go. 我需要他给我领路。 Charlie isn’t a pet. He’s my eyes. 查理不是宠物，他是我的眼睛。 3. 描述火灾逃生情景 John woke up and smelt smoke. A fire! 约翰醒来，闻到了烟味。着火了！ Smoke started to come in from under the door. 烟开始从门底下进来。 Their room was on the eighth floor, so they couldn’t climb out of the window. 他们的房间在八楼，所以他们无法从窗户爬出去。 They had to do something to stop the smoke. 他们必须做点什么来阻止这些烟。 Then he heard it — the sound of a fire engine. It was music to his ears. 然后他听到了——消防车的声音。这对他来说是天籁之音。 4. 描述救援 When he found John, he quickly helped him get up and tried to get him out of the building. 当他找到约翰时，他迅速帮助他站起来，并试图把他带出大楼。 John would not go without his eyes. 约翰没有他的眼睛（指导盲犬）不会走。 Finally, the fireman got both John and Charlie out of the building safely. 最后，消防员把约翰和查理都安全地救出了大楼。 5. 描述禁止与允许 You’re welcome to stay, but we don’t allow pets here. 欢迎入住，但我们不允许把宠物带进这里。 We don’t allow pets in this hotel. 我们酒店不允许带宠物。 The receptionist apologized and led John and Charlie to their room. 接待员道歉了，并把约翰和查理带到他们的房间。 五、语法知识 （一）方位介词（Prepositions of Position） 常用方位介词表示人或物的位置，后面一般紧跟名词或代词。 介词 含义 例句 at 在某一点/小地点 Let’s meet at the school gate. in 在……里面/大地点 She works in Beijing. on 在……上面（接触表面） My phone is on the desk. above 在……上方（不接触） The plane flew above the clouds. below 在……下方 The temperature is below zero. over 在……正上方 There is a bridge over the river. under 在……正下方 My shoes are under the bed. behind 在……后面 There’s a garden behind the house. in front of 在……前面（外部） A car stopped in front of the gate. in the front of 在……前部（内部） The teacher stands in the front of the classroom. beside / next to 在……旁边 The bank is next to the hospital. between 在两者之间 She sits between Tom and Jerry. among 在三者或以上之间 Divide the cake among the three children. inside 在……里面 What’s inside the box? outside 在……外面 He is waiting outside the room. （二）反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns） 1. 反身代词一览表 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself (我自己) ourselves (我们自己) 第二人称 yourself (你自己) yourselves (你们自己) 第三人称 himself / herself / itself themselves (他/她们自己) 2. 用法 用法 说明 例句 作宾语 动作的发出者和承受者为同一人 I hurt myself when playing football. 作同位语 加强语气，意为“亲自” She herself made the cake. 固定短语 构成固定搭配 Help yourself to some fish. 3. 常见固定短语 短语 含义 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 teach oneself / learn by oneself 自学 do sth. by oneself 独自做某事 help oneself to ... 随意吃…… say to oneself 自言自语 look after oneself 照顾自己 dress oneself 自己穿衣 hurt oneself 弄伤自己 例句： I can do my homework by myself. Help yourselves to some fruit, children. The little boy can dress himself now. （三）一般过去时复习 本单元重点复习一般过去时的用法。 用法 例句 表示过去某个时间发生的动作 The story took place at night in a hotel. 表示过去存在的状态 The receptionist apologized and led John to their room. 表示过去连续发生的动作 He went to bed and soon fell asleep. 常见时间状语：last night, yesterday, long ago, just now, in the past, one night, at that time 六、重点词汇用法详解 1. allow 的用法 结构 含义 例句 allow sth. 允许某事/某物 We don’t allow pets here. allow doing sth. 允许做某事 The school doesn’t allow smoking. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 The receptionist allowed him to stay. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 I am allowed to go out on weekends. 【注意】：allow 常用于被动语态，表示“被允许做某事”。 2. asleep / sleep / sleepy 辨析 单词 词性 含义 用法 例句 asleep adj. 睡着的 作表语，强调状态 He fell asleep quickly. sleep v./n. 睡觉 动作或名词 I need to get more sleep. sleepy adj. 困倦的 作定语或表语 I feel sleepy now. 【搭配】： fall asleep 入睡 go to sleep 去睡觉 3. either 的用法 用法 含义 例句 either (adv.) 也（用于否定句句末） I don’t like coffee. I don’t like tea, either. either (pron.) 两者中的任一个 You can take either of the books. either ... or ... 要么……要么…… Either you or he is wrong. 【辨析】：too / also / either 单词 用法 位置 too 肯定句，“也” 句末 also 肯定句，“也” 实义动词前，be/助/情后 either 否定句，“也” 句末 4. happen 的用法 结构 含义 例句 sth. + happen 某物/某事发生 What happened? happen to sb. 某人发生某事 Something scary happened to Sam. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 I happened to meet her in the street. 5. scare / scared / scary 辨析 单词 词性 含义 用法 例句 scare v. 使害怕 动词 The loud noise scared me. scared adj. 感到害怕的 修饰人 I’m scared of snakes. scary adj. 令人害怕的 修饰物/事 What a scary story! 6. used to be 的用法 结构 含义 例句 used to be + n./adj. 曾经是…… Sheep used to be wild animals. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 We used to play together. 【辨析】： used to do：过去常常（现在不做了） be used to doing：习惯于做某事 七、话题写作指导 1. 话题词汇 动物品质：loyal, brave, smart, gentle, friendly, helpful 人与动物关系：take care of, play with, save one’s life, help each other, close relationship 故事叙述：one night, suddenly, in the end, with one’s help 2. 常用句型 ...is my animal friend. He/She helps me in many ways. One day / One night, something happened. With the help of ..., ... In the end, ... I am thankful to ... 3. 写作范例 My Animal Friend I have a dog named Lucky. He is my best friend and a loyal partner. He is smart and brave. One night, I fell asleep as usual. Suddenly, Lucky started barking loudly. I woke up and smelt something strange — a fire! Smoke started to come in from under the door. I was scared, but Lucky stayed calm. With his help, I put wet clothes along the bottom of the door and waited for help. Before long, the firemen arrived and got us out of the building safely. Lucky saved my life. He is not just a pet. He is a family member and my hero. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $