期末复习之重点词汇变形专项训练100题 - 2026学年外研版八年级下册英语

**基本信息** 聚焦八年级下册核心词汇变形，通过四模块分层训练提升词汇应用能力，强化语言能力与学习能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |根据中文提示写单词|35题|考查词汇汉译英及词性转换|从基础词汇记忆到语境应用，覆盖名词、动词、形容词等核心词性| |首字母提示完成句子|35题|结合语境考查词汇拼写与搭配|通过首字母线索强化词汇在语境中的灵活运用，关联上下文逻辑| |括号内单词正确形式填空|20题|涉及时态、语态、词性转换等语法变形|连接词汇与语法，体现词形变化规则的系统性应用| |音标提示补全句子|10题|考查发音与拼写对应能力|打通语音与词汇拼写的关联，构建音形义统一的词汇学习逻辑|

外研版八年级下册英语词汇变形专项100题 答案+详细解析 一、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式 1. 答案：provided 解析：主语Clean water和动词provide是被动关系，用一般现在时被动语态：be + 过去分词，provide的过去分词为provided。句意：政府为村民提供干净的水。 2. 答案：advises/advised 解析：advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。可用一般现在时（主语the headteacher为三单，用advises）；也可用一般过去时（动作已发生，用advised）。 3. 答案：be replaced 解析：情态动词may后接动词原形；jobs和replace是被动关系，故填be replaced（被取代）。 4. 答案：career 解析：career 名词，意为“职业，生涯”。句意：我的理想职业是成为一名记者。 5. 答案：Communication 解析：此处作句子主语，用名词形式；communicate（动词）→ communication（名词，沟通），句首首字母大写。 6. 答案：volunteer/voluntary 解析：volunteer jobs / voluntary jobs 均表示“志愿工作”，volunteer可作定语，voluntary为形容词“志愿的”。 7. 答案：expected 解析：it和expect是被动关系，完整结构it was expected（被预料），填过去分词expected。 8. 答案：realized/realised 解析：现在完成时结构：have + 过去分词；realize/realise 意为“意识到”，过去分词为realized/realised。 9. 答案：broken 解析：窗户被暴风雨打碎，一般过去时被动语态be + 过去分词；break的过去分词为broken。 10. 答案：Pressure 解析：此处作主语，用名词pressure（压力），句首首字母大写。 11. 答案：Truly 解析：副词作状语，修饰整个句子；true（形容词）→ truly（副词，真正地），句首大写。 12. 答案：confident 解析：be动词后接形容词作表语，confident 形容词，“自信的”。 13. 答案：spirit 解析：teamwork spirit 固定搭配，意为“团队精神”。 14. 答案：within 解析：介词within 表示“在……之内”，within five minutes’ walk 步行五分钟范围内。 15. 答案：strength 解析：形容词性物主代词his后接名词；strength 名词，“力量”。 16. 答案：cooperated 解析：由后半句won可知用一般过去时；cooperate（合作）的过去式为cooperated。 17. 答案：afford 解析：情态动词can’t后接动词原形；afford 意为“买得起，负担得起”。 18. 答案：illness/disease 解析：形容词性物主代词her后接名词；illness/disease 均表示“疾病”。 19. 答案：spread 解析：情态动词can后接动词原形；spread 动词，“传播”，原形、过去式、过去分词同形。 20. 答案：throw 解析：Don’t 后接动词原形；throw away 固定短语，“乱扔，丢弃”。 21. 答案：pain 解析：形容词great后接名词；pain 名词，“痛苦”。 22. 答案：calendar 解析：ancient calendar 固定搭配，“历法”，根据谓语plays可知用单数。 23. 答案：materials 解析：many kinds of 后接可数名词复数；material（材料）复数为materials。 24. 答案：weaknesses/weakness 解析：face后接名词，weakness 意为“弱点”；可表泛指用复数weaknesses，也可用单数。 25. 答案：college 解析：不定冠词a后接单数名词；college 意为“学院”。 26. 答案：whether 解析：固定搭配 whether...or not 是否，为固定用法，不能用if。 27. 答案：whale 解析：定冠词the+单数名词表类别，whale 名词“鲸鱼”。 28. 答案：species 解析：a rare species 一个稀有物种；species 单复数同形。 29. 答案：method/way 解析：a useful method/way 一种有用的方法，二词均可。 30. 答案：chemicals 解析：harmful chemicals 有害物质/化学物质，常用复数形式。 31. 答案：charge 解析：need to do sth. 需要做某事；charge 动词，“充电”。 32. 答案：celebrate 解析：will后接动词原形；celebrate 动词，“庆祝”。 33. 答案：countryside 解析：in the countryside 固定短语，“在乡下，在乡村”。 34. 答案：desert 解析：in the desert 固定搭配，“在沙漠里”。 35. 答案：shortage 解析：a blood shortage 固定短语，“血库短缺”，shortage 名词“短缺”。 二、根据首字母提示完成句子 1. 答案：silent 解析：keep silent 固定短语，“保持安静”。句意：观察野生动物时请保持安静。 2. 答案：protect 解析：it’s one’s duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责；protect nature 保护自然。 3. 答案：natural 解析：形容词修饰名词rules；natural rules 自然法则。 4. 答案：rivers 解析：more后接可数名词复数；结合地理常识，中国东部河流更多，river复数rivers。 5. 答案：benefit 解析：benefit from 固定短语，“从……中受益”，情态动词can后接原形。 6. 答案：exciting 解析：由后文dangerous（危险的）可知此处填描述大海的形容词，exciting 令人激动的。 7. 答案：balance 解析：keep the balance of nature 固定搭配，“保持生态平衡”。 8. 答案：survive 解析：河水被污染，鱼无法存活；survive 动词“生存，存活”，can’t后接原形。 9. 答案：discovery 解析：定冠词the后接名词；the discovery of X-rays X射线的发现。 10. 答案：effort 解析：make effort 固定搭配，“付出努力”。句意：每个人的进步都取决于付出的努力。 11. 答案：achieve 解析：achieve aims 固定搭配，“实现目标”；in order to 后接动词原形。 12. 答案：belief 解析：a strong belief 坚定的信念；belief 名词“信念，相信”。 13. 答案：check 解析：and连接并列动词，check pockets 检查口袋。 14. 答案：city/country 解析：keep our city/country clean 保持城市/国家整洁，结合语境二者均可。 15. 答案：down/depressed 解析：听到坏消息感到沮丧；feel down / feel depressed 均表示“情绪低落，沮丧”。 16. 答案：suggestions 解析：give sb. suggestions 给某人建议，常用复数形式。 17. 答案：driver 解析：结合fast（快），driver 司机；句意：我们队的司机车速很快。 18. 答案：organize/organise 解析：organize the activity 组织活动，must后接动词原形。 19. 答案：leader 解析：a good leader 一名优秀的领导者。 20. 答案：kindness 解析：形容词性物主代词your后接名词；kindness 名词“善良，好意”。 21. 答案：trust 解析：情态动词should后接原形；trust each other 互相信任。 22. 答案：importance 解析：the importance of hard work 努力工作的重要性。 23. 答案：advised 解析：advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；由refused可知用一般过去时advised。 24. 答案：tapes 解析：colourful tapes 彩色胶带，结合stick（粘贴）可知用复数。 25. 答案：challenging 解析：形容词作表语；challenging 有挑战性的，符合句意。 26. 答案：necessary 解析：It is necessary to do sth. 做某事是有必要的。 27. 答案：clearly 解析：副词修饰动词hear；clearly 清楚地。句意：他说得太快，我们听不清。 28. 答案：pressure 解析：a lot of pressure 很大的压力，pressure为不可数名词。 29. 答案：fail 解析：祈使句+or+简单句；fail the exam 考试不及格。 30. 答案：interrupt 解析：interrupt sb. 打扰某人；I’m sorry to do sth. 抱歉做某事。 31. 答案：attaches 解析：attach 意为“贴”；主语the teacher是三单，一般现在时用attaches。 32. 答案：reporter 解析：reporter 记者，记者采访科学家，符合语境。 33. 答案：education 解析：a good education 良好的教育。句意：接受良好教育才能获得更多就业机会。 34. 答案：imagine 解析：情态动词can后接原形；imagine 想象。 35. 答案：training 解析：special training 专业训练；句意：成为飞行员前需要接受专业训练。 三、用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. 答案：is based 解析：固定搭配 be based on 以……为基础；主语novel为单数，一般现在时，故填is based。 2. 答案：is held 解析：会议是“被举办”，被动语态；every year表一般现在时，主语单数，填is held。 3. 答案：will be set 解析：if引导条件状语从句，主将从现；学校是“被建立”，用一般将来时被动will be set。 4. 答案：was invented 解析：纸是被发明的，被动语态；in ancient China 表过去，主语paper单数，填was invented。 5. 答案：competition 解析：定冠词the后接名词；compete（动词）→ competition（名词，比赛）。 6. 答案：disagreement 解析：a后接单数名词；disagree（动词，有分歧）→ disagreement（名词，分歧）。 7. 答案：elders 解析：the elders 长辈，固定用法，用复数形式。 8. 答案：was interviewed 解析：since引导从句，“我”被采访，被动语态；动作发生在过去，主语I，填was interviewed。 9. 答案：painful 解析：系动词felt后接形容词作表语；pain（名词）→ painful（形容词，疼痛的）。 10. 答案：practicing/practising 解析：固定搭配 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事，故填practicing/practising。 11. 答案：ability 解析：the后接名词；able（形容词）→ ability（名词，能力）。 12. 答案：to take 解析：固定搭配 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事。 13. 答案：camping 解析：固定搭配 go camping 去露营。 14. 答案：unable 解析：be unable to do sth. 不能做某事；由ill可知他不会游泳，加否定前缀un-。 15. 答案：boring 解析：修饰事物movie，用boring（令人无聊的）；bored多用于修饰人。 16. 答案：Cleaning 解析：动名词作句子主语，故填Cleaning（打扫）。 17. 答案：doing 解析：固定搭配 finish doing sth. 完成做某事。 18. 答案：understand 解析：固定搭配 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事，用动词原形。 19. 答案：argue 解析：often 表示一般现在时，主语they为复数，谓语用原形argue。 20. 答案：inspired 解析：老师被探险家打动，被动含义；be inspired by 被……鼓舞/打动。 四、根据音标提示补全句子 1. 答案：resource 解析：音标 /rɪ’sɔːs/ → resource 名词，“资源”。 2. 答案：style 解析：音标 /staɪl/ → style 名词，“风格”。 3. 答案：among 解析：音标 /ə'mʌŋ/ → among 介词，“在……之中”。 4. 答案：react 解析：音标 /riˈækt/ → react 动词，“起反应”。 5. 答案：endless 解析：音标 /ˈendləs/ → endless 形容词，“无尽的”。 6. 答案：prize 解析：音标 /praɪz/ → prize 名词，“奖项”；second prize 二等奖。 7. 答案：drama 解析：音标 /’drɑːmə/ → drama 名词，“戏剧”；school drama festival 校园戏剧节。 8. 答案：virus 解析：音标 /’vaɪrəs/ → virus 名词，“病毒”。 9. 答案：public 解析：音标 ['pʌblɪk] → public；in public 固定短语，“公开地”。 10. 答案：silence 解析：音标 /’saɪləns/ → silence；in silence 固定短语，“沉默地”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版新教材八年级下册英语Unit 1 - Unit 8 期末测试之重点词汇变形专项训练100题 （含解析） 一、根据中文提示写出单词的正确形式。 1．Clean water is __________ (提供) for the villagers by the government. 2．The headteacher ________ (建议) us to choose three photos to join in the competition. 3．Some jobs may soon ________ ________ (被取代) by machines. 4．My ________ (职业，生涯) is to be a reporter. 5．________ (沟通) is very important when you join a new team. 6．Mr Cheng often does ________ (志愿的) jobs in his free time. 7．The film is much more interesting than it was ________ (预料). 8．With the teachers’ help, I have ________ (意识到) I’m not the centre of the world and learnt to put myself in others’ shoes. 9．The window was ________ (使破裂，使破碎) by the storm last night. 10．________ (压力) from work can make people feel tired. 11．________ (真正地), I agree with you. 12．We should be ________ (自信的). 13．The football matches can help to build teamwork _________（精神）. 14．You can find a good restaurant _________ (在……之内) five minutes’ walk from here. 15．The thin air took away his ________ (力量). 16．The team ________ (合作) well and won the game finally. 17．The family has paid a lot for the house, so they can’t ________ (买得起) such an expensive car. 18．With the help of the local government, the girl has already recovered from her ________ (疾病). 19．The virus can ________ (传播) quickly among people. 20．Don’t __________ (乱扔) away the old books. 21．The bad news filled her with great __________ (痛苦). 22．The ancient _________ (历法) in China still plays an important role in people’s daily life. 23．More and more new kinds of natural _________ (材料) are used in our daily work and life. 24．Facing ________ (弱点) bravely is the first step to success. 25．After high school, Tim plans to study engineering at a _________ (学院). 26．I don’t know ________ (是否) my uncle will come to my birthday party tomorrow or not. 27．The ________ (鲸鱼) is the largest animal in the ocean. 28．This kind of bird is a rare ________ (物种). 29．We all think this is a useful ________ (方法). 30．Factories must not pour harmful ________ (化学物质) into rivers or lakes. 31．My phone is dead. I need to ________ (充电) it. 32．We will ________ (庆祝) the festival together. 33．They live a quiet life in the ________ (乡下；乡村). 34．The camel lives in the ________ (沙漠). 35．The hospital faced a blood ________ (短缺) during the crisis. 2、 根据首字母提示完成句子。 1．Please keep s________ when you watch wild animals. 2．It is our duty to p________ nature. 3．We must follow the n________ rules. 4．The eastern part of China has more r________ than other parts of the country. 5．By protecting the environment, we can b________ from cleaner air and water. 6．The Maori in New Zealand used words to describe the sea, like “e________” or “dangerous”. 7．It’s our duty to keep the b________ of nature. 8．The river has been polluted, so the fish can’t s________ in it. 9．The first Nobel Prize was presented to a scientist from Germany for the d________ of X-rays. 10． Everyone’s progress depends on how much e________ that you’ve made. 11．Teamwork is required in order to a________ these aims. 12．I hold a strong b________ that I will achieve my dream by working hard. 13．Before washing, check and c________ your pockets in order to make sure there's nothing left. 14．It’s everyone’s duty to keep our c________ clean and tidy. 15．She felt d__________ when she heard the bad news. 16．My parents often give me s________. 17．The d________ of our team is fast. 18．We must o________ the activity well. 19．He is a good l________ in the team. 20．Thank you for your k________. 21．We should t________ each other in a team. 22．We learn the i________ of hard work. 23．My teacher a________ me to read more English books but I refused. 24．We used colourful t________ to stick paper flowers on our classroom door. 25．This job is very c________, but I will try my best to finish it. 26．It is n________ to work hard to achieve our dreams. 27．We can’t hear what he said c________ because he spoke too fast. 28．She felt a lot of p________ to do well on the test. 29．Listen carefully in class, or you’ll f________ your exam. 30．—I’m so sorry to i________ you and Tom. —Never mind. We’re just having a free walk. 31．The teacher a________ (贴) coloured paper to students’ homework when they do excellent work. 32．The r________ interviewed the famous scientist about his new discovery. 33．You need to get a good e________ to have more chances to find a good job. 34．Can you i________ what your life will be like in ten years? 35.You need to get special t________ before you can become a pilot. 三、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1．This popular novel ________ (base) on a real story that happened in a small mountain village. 2．The international conference ________ (hold) in our city every year to improve cross-cultural communication. 3．If more money is raised in the charity show next month, more schools ________ (set) up to provide basic education for the children in poor areas. 4．As we all know, paper _________ (invent) in ancient China. 5．With all homework done, Peter decided to practise basketball for that ________ (compete). 6．We had a ________ (disagree) about where to go for dinner. 7．In Chinese families, people won’t start dinner until the ________ (elder) take their seats. 8．It’s quite a long time since I ________ (interview) by a middle school student. 9．The young man was bitten by a snake and felt very _________(pain). 10．They keep ________ (practice) the game skills and they will win the next match. 11．She has the _________ (able) to speak English well. 12．The doctor advised me ________ (take) exercise at least four times a week to keep fit. 13．We often go ________ (camp) with our classmates at weekends. 14．He is _________ (able) to swim because he is ill. 15．This movie is so __________ (bore) that I want to sleep. 16．________ (clean) the house is a kind of exercise for us. 17．I finish ________ (do) my homework and then I watch TV for a while. 18．This story makes us ________ (understand) nature better. 19．They often ________ (argue) about how these ancient animals died out. 20.The teacher is ________ (inspire) by the explorer’s lifelong love for nature. 四、根据音标提示补全句子。 1．Water is an important _________ /rɪ’sɔːs/ for humans, animals and plants. 2．Some readers like this novel, while others don’t like the new writing ________ /staɪl/ of it. 3．Grain in Ear is _________ /ə'mʌŋ/ the busiest solar terms for the farmers. 4．When you mix these two things, they will ________ /riˈækt/. 5．—Would you like to go shopping with me? —Sorry, I have ________ /ˈendləs/ homework to do. 6．It was an unbelievable moment when we got second ________ /praɪz/ in the competition. 7．In the school ________ /’dra:mə/ festival, Jenny successfully played the role of the queen. 8．The WHO has taken action before the ________ /’vaɪrəs/ spreads around the world. 9．Now I have the courage to speak English in ________ ['pʌblɪk]. 10．The students listened in ________/’saɪləns/ as the teacher told the story of a hero. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $