暑假作业08 主谓一致（巩固培优）高二英语外研版

**基本信息** 高中英语暑假主谓一致专项训练，系统梳理19类核心规则，通过分类示例与梯度练习构建“规则-例句-应用”闭环训练体系，提升语言应用与逻辑辨析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |规则讲解|19类规则配典型例句|按主语类型（集体名词、单复数同形名词等）分类归纳主谓一致判定方法|从基础概念到特殊结构（如分数/百分数+of结构）逐步递进| |分层练习|4类题型共50+题|通过单句填空到语篇应用的梯度训练强化规则迁移能力|从单一规则应用到多规则综合辨析|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业08 主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。 1．集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集体名词作主语，如果表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果强调组成集体的个体成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family，class，team，group，enemy，army，audience, band, club，crowd，staff，committee，company, crew, government, public等。 The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。 My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 (2)个别集体名词，如people，police，cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。 The police are investigating the case.警方正在调查这个案件。 The cattle are grazing in the field.牛群正在牧场吃草。 2．单数名词作主语，后面紧跟as well as，rather than, but，except，besides，with，along with，together with，like，including，in addition to，combined with等时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others.不仅学生们乐于助人，老师也乐于助人。 The girl together with some boys has gone to plant trees.那个女孩和一些男孩一起去植树了 。 3．单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致 单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式，方法，sheep羊，deer鹿，works工厂等。 Every means has been tried many times.每一种办法都已经试过多次了。 All possible means have been tried many times.所有可能的方法都已经试过很多次了。 4．单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致 单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理，mathematics/maths 数学，economics 经济学，politics政治学，gymnastics体操，the United States 美国， The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。 The New York Times is widely read in the world.《纽约时报》在全世界被广泛阅览。 5．“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of，a kind of, a suit of，a piece of 等)修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, compasses，glasses, gloves，jeans，pants，scissors，shoes，shorts，socks，trousers等。 A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.一把剪刀放在那个抽屉里。 These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.这种眼镜今年夏天很受欢迎。 6．名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致 当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimeters, millimeters，seconds，hours，years等。 Two kilometres is not very far for the young man.对那个年轻人来说，两公里不是很远。 Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job.对于这么难的工作来说，五个小时是很短的时间。 7．more(...)than one.../many a...结构作主语时的主谓一致 “more than one/many a...＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数；“more＋复数名词＋than one” 作主语时，谓语用复数。 More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden.花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。 More white roses than one have bloomed in the garden.花园里开了许多白玫瑰。 8．“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致 “分数/百分数＋of＋名词” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。 Two thirds of the students support the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海。 Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.公司80%的员工来自北京。 9．当主语是“most/some/half/the rest＋of＋名词” 时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Most of his time is spent on study.他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。 The rest of the workers here are women.这儿剩余的工人是女性。 10．“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时谓语用复数，意为“大量，许多”；“ the number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数，意为“……的数量”。 A number of students have gone home.许多学生已经回家了。 The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书的页数是200。 11．“quantities of＋复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用复数； “a quantity of＋复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用单数。 Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.有大量的食物(坚果)在桌子上。 With more forests being destroyed，a quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. 随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏，每年有大量的肥沃土壤被冲走。 12．a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.很短的时间内就造成了很大的损失。 Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.建造这座桥花了大笔的钱。 13．如果主语由“the＋形容词(过去分词)”结构充当，谓语动词常用复数，这类词有the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old等。 The old are very well taken care of in our city.在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。 14．表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。 15．如果主语由 “a series of，a pile of，a portion of＋名词”或由“a sort/type of，this sort/type of＋名词” 构成，谓语动词通常用单数。 That type of machines is up­to­date.那种机器是最新的。 This new type of buses is now on show.＝Buses of this kind are now on show.现在正展出一款新型的公共汽车。 16．someone，anyone，no one，everyone，something，nothing等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Someone has let the news out.有人把这条消息泄漏出去了。 It's Sunday.Nobody is in.今天星期天。没人在家。 17．each of＋名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has an apple.每个学生都有一个苹果。 We/You/They/The students each have an apple.我们/你们/他们/学生各有一个苹果。 [名师点津]　复数形式 students作主语，each作同位语。 18．all 作主语时，若指人，谓语通常用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。 All have gone home.大家都回家了。 All that glitters is not gold.发亮的不一定都是金子。 [名师点津]　若是“all of＋名词”作主语，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。 19．either和neither作主语时，若是单独作主语，谓语动词用单数；若是用于“either (neither) of＋名词”结构作主语，则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。 Neither was satisfactory.两个都不令人满意。 Neither of the two computers is (are) cheap.这两台电脑都不便宜。 20．none(of) 作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。 None of the money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。 None of the boys like (likes) it.这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。 一.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．The audience (be)so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. 2．Many a parent (have)had to go through this same painful process. 3．A group of sheep (be)eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill. 4．People (show) great love to the victims since the disaster happened. 5．Eight hours of sleep (be) enough. 6．Tom，together with his friends， (have) gone out to play. 7．A pair of glasses (be) lost on the playground yesterday afternoon. 8．Twenty dollars for the little poor girl (be) too much then. 9．This kind of apple (taste) good.Apples of this kind (taste) good. 10．The rich are for the plan，while the poor against it.(be) 【答案】1.is2.has3.are4.have shown5.is6.has7.was8.was9.tastes10.are 二.单句语法填空 1．The number of days in February this year (be) 28. 2．One and a half apples (have) been eaten by the boy. 3．Large amounts of money (be) spent on the magnificent building，but the poor were(be) not allowed to have a single room. 4．Most of the artists will go to the United States next week.The rest (be) to visit Japan. 5．None of us (seem) to have thought of it. 6．All (be) eager to reach an agreement. 7．There (be) a large quantity of milk. 8．A large quantity of books (be) on sale now. 9．We each (have) a different point of view.Each of us (have) got something to say. 10．Every hour and every minute (be) very important. 【答案】1.is2.has3.were4.are5.seem/seems6.are7.is8.is9.have10.is 三.短文语法填空 L＝Lily　J＝James L: Wow, your new house is so beautiful! And all the rooms are decorated in an elegant style. J: Thank you.You know, it took us nearly five months to complete the decoration of the house.And all the furniture 1. (select) carefully by my parents. L: That's great.But why did you paint your walls light blue? Is it a colour that can make you relaxed? J: I'm not sure, but my family 2. (like) the colour, so we painted the walls light blue. L: No wonder.Your brother's clothing 3. (be) very up to late.What does he do? Is he a barber? J: No.As a matter of fact, he is a singer and his audience 4. (be) mainly young people.Last year, my brother was invited to sing a song at our class's New Year Party, and all my class 5. (impress) by his performance. L: Wow, that's cool.I'm looking forward to watching his performance. 【答案】1.was selected2.like3.is4.are5.were impressed 四.短文语法填空 As the World Book Day is coming nearer，a number of English activities 1. (be) going to be organized in our school.A series of activities 2. (include) reading and speaking competitions，all of which 3. (be)interesting.Everyone 4. (be) welcome.Each of you 5. a chance to communicate with each other！Please all the students 6. (be) prepared to take an active part in the activities! 【答案】1.are2.includes3.are4.is5.has 6.are 四、语法填空 1．Neither the president of the student union nor the three vice-presidents (be) willing to take full responsibility for the failed orientation week during the last meeting. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：在上次会议中，学生会主席和三位副主席都不愿为迎新周活动的失败承担全部责任。此空考查主谓一致与时态，neither...nor...遵循就近原则，靠近谓语的主语the three vice-presidents为复数；再根据时间状语during the last meeting可知，此处应用一般过去时，所以应填were。 2．Physics, as well as other natural sciences, (boost) our understanding of the universe. 【答案】boosts 【详解】句意：物理学以及其他自然科学，提升了我们对宇宙的理解。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，as well as连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as之前的名词的数保持一致，Physics是单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式boosts。 3．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：人们对对话开头或结尾那句话的记忆效果，比对整段对话的记忆效果更好。句子陈述客观真理，用一般现在时，or连接并列主语，遵循就近原则，last phrase为第三人称单数，be用is。 4．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. 【答案】was awarded 【详解】句意：据我所知，几天前的会议上，不止一名学生和三位老师受到了表彰。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定；more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；the other day表示“几天前”，需用一般过去时；主语与award之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was awarded。 5．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. 【答案】belongs 【详解】句意：现在该寺庙和它周围的花园都属于一个当地家庭。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，as well as连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就远原则，the temple是第三人称单数，谓语belong用单数形式belongs。 6．Neither the students nor the teacher (know) the answer to the question. 【答案】knows 【详解】句意：学生和老师都不知道这道题的答案。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，neither...nor...连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，the teacher为第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式knows。 7．In my opinion, it is not the passengers but the driver who (be) to blame. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：在我看来，应该受责备的不是乘客，而是司机。空处为who引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，指代the diver，根据“not...but...”结构可知，此处考查not A but B的就近原则。在not...but...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与靠近它的主语（即but后的主语）保持一致。本句中but后的主语为the driver，因此谓语动词用单数形式。结合语境，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。 8．The number of cultural heritage sites in this province (remain) stable over the past decade. 【答案】has remained 【详解】句意：在过去十年里，该省的文化遗产数量保持稳定。根据后文over the past decade可知为现在完成时，主语为The number of cultural heritage sites，the number of表示“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数，助动词用has。 9．A number of young people (volunteer) to take part in the ancient books sorting work recently. 【答案】have volunteered 【详解】句意：近来许多年轻人自愿参与古籍整理工作。“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，表示“许多……”；recently是现在完成时标志词，强调动作从过去持续到现在，故用have volunteered。 10．The number of young people learning English (increase) rapidly these days. 【答案】is increasing 【详解】句意：如今，学习英语的年轻人的数量正在迅速增加。根据时间状语these days可知，本句描述现阶段正在发生的情况，应用现在进行时，主语为The number of young people learning English，the number of作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，be动词用is，increase的现在分词为increasing。 11．What matters most to the students (be) their final exam results, while what lie on the teacher’s desk (be) the marked papers. 【答案】 is are 【详解】句意：对学生来说，最重要的是他们的期末考试成绩，而老师桌上的东西则是那些已经批改过的试卷。根据句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，What matters most to the students表达一个抽象概念，第一空处用单数is，由what lie和the marked papers可知，what引导的从句表示复数概念，第二空处用复数are。 12．Not only his friends but also he (wish) for a holiday now. 【答案】wishes 【详解】句意：不仅他的朋友们，他现在也期盼着能放假。时间状语now表明这里是现在的状态，用一般现在时。当Not only...but also...（不仅……而且……）连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则，即谓语和距离它更近的主语保持性数一致。本题中，距离空格谓语更近的主语是he，为第三人称单数，因此谓语需要用第三人称单数形式wishes。 13．Neither he nor I (finish) the experiment so far. 【答案】have finished 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我和他都还没有完成这个实验。时间状语so far意为“到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志。 并列连词neither...nor...（既不……也不……）连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词要遵循就近一致原则，即谓语的数和距离它更近的主语保持一致。本题中距离谓语更近的主语是第一人称I，因此助动词要用对应形式have。 14．Many a teacher (be) present at the meeting yesterday afternoon. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：许多老师昨天下午出席了会议。根据后文yesterday afternoon可知为一般过去时，主语为may a+名词，谓语用单数。 15．Not only Tony but also his parents (invite) to the party last night. 【答案】were invited 【详解】句意：昨晚不仅托尼被邀请参加聚会，他的父母也被邀请了。由last night和父母是被邀请可知，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词根据就近原则确定，即根据his parents确定，his parents是复数，因此空格处是were invited。 16．Two­thirds of the school with snow and the majority of the students (be) eager to have a snow fight with their classmates. 【答案】 is covered are 【详解】句意：学校三分之二的区域都被积雪覆盖了，大多数学生都渴望和同学一起打雪仗。句子描述客观事实且学校是被覆盖，因此第一空用一般现在时的被动语态，Two­thirds of the school是单数概念，因此第一空是is covered；the majority of the students是复数，因此第二空是are。 17．A large quantity of money (spend) on the project so far. 【答案】has been spent 【详解】句意：到目前为止，该项目已经投入了大量资金。根据时间状语so far可知，本句用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。A large quantity of money和动词spend是被动关系，因此需要用被动语态。 且“a large quantity of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，因此这里助动词用has。 18．Up to now, two thirds of the project (finish). 【答案】has been finished 【详解】句意：到目前为止，这个项目的三分之二已经完工。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语up to now可知，此处为现在完成时，project和finish是被动关系，所以此处使用现在完成时的被动语态，分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于被修饰词的单复数，project为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has been finished。 19．There (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table in the picture. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：图片中的桌子上有一杯茶和一些苹果。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，there be句型中的be动词根据就近原则确定，即根据a cup of tea确定，是单数，因此空格处用is。 20．The family (discuss) whether 100 yuan (be) enough for their dinner. 【答案】 are discussing is 【详解】句意：全家人正在讨论100元够不够支付他们的这顿晚餐。family为集体名词，当集体名词强调集体中的个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式，本句中是多个家庭成员共同讨论这件事； 结合语境，讨论是正在发生的动作，用现在进行时，所以第一空填are discussing。从句是讨论的事情，用一般现在时；主语100 yuan是表示金钱的名词词组， 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词词组作主语时，谓语动词用单数，所以第二空填is。 A （24-25高二下·江西南昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Employees in China may get a chance to take a breath from the tiring and punishing “996 work culture”, 1 people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, after several Chinese companies issued 2 internal reminder together to prevent formalistic (形式主义的) overtime working and workplace rat race (职场内卷). The central government has also shown greater determination 3 (regulate) the unhealthy “work culture”. Recently, local officials 4 (urge) to better protect workers’ right to rest and tighten supervision (监督) of employers’ behavior of 5 (illegal) lengthening employees’ working hours. Before the action plan was released, several Chinese companies 6 (seek) to relax their exhausting working schedules. Shenzhen-based drone manufacturer DJI became a popular topic 7 a social media platform — Sina Weibo recently, after some of its employees posted their experiences of not 8 (allow) to work overtime after 9 pm. Midea, a home appliance manufacturer, issued an internal notice in late January, 9 (ask) its staff members to simplify their working process, reduce work-related WeChat groups and avoid formalistic meetings. These changes mark a significant shift in China’s workplace culture, focusing on employees’ well-being 10 unreasonable overtime. 【答案】1．where 2．an 3．to regulate 4．have been urged 5．illegally 6．had sought 7．on 8．being allowed 9．asking 10．over 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国多家公司联合发布内部提醒，反对形式主义加班和职场内卷，政府也加大了对不合理工作文化的监管力度，标志着职场文化向关注员工福祉转变。   1．考查定语从句。句意：在多家中国公司联合发布了一份内部提醒之后，中国员工可能有机会从疲惫且折磨人的“996工作文化”中喘口气，在这种文化下，人们从早上9点工作到晚上9点，一周工作六天。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“996 work culture”，代入从句中充当抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 2．考查冠词。句意同上。reminder为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一份内部提醒”，且internal以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：中央政府也表现出更大的决心来规范这种不健康的“工作文化”。固定搭配determination to do sth.，意为“做某事的决心”，不定式作后置定语。故填to regulate。 4．考查动词时态和语态。句意：最近，地方官员被敦促更好地保护员工的休息权，并加强对雇主非法延长员工工作时间行为的监督。时间状语“Recently”常与现在完成时连用，表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响。主语local officials与urge之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”，主语为复数，助动词用have，urge的过去分词为urged。故填have been urged。 5．考查副词。句意：最近，地方官员被敦促更好地保护员工的休息权，并加强对雇主非法延长员工工作时间行为的监督。修饰动词lengthening应用副词，illegal的副词形式为illegally，意为“非法地”。故填illegally。 6．考查动词时态。句意：在该行动计划发布之前，几家中国公司已经寻求放松其令人疲惫的工作时间表。动作“seek”发生在“was released”之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时“had done”，seek的过去分词为sought。故填had sought。 7．考查介词。句意：在一些员工发布了自己在晚上9点后不被允许加班的经历之后，总部位于深圳的无人机制造商大疆最近在社交媒体平台新浪微博上成为热门话题。表示“在平台上”应用介词on。故填on。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在一些员工发布了自己在晚上9点后不被允许加班的经历之后，总部位于深圳的无人机制造商大疆最近在社交媒体平台新浪微博上成为热门话题。介词of后接动名词，且allow与其逻辑主语employees之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式being allowed作宾语。故填being allowed。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：家电制造商美的在1月底发布了一份内部通知，要求其员工简化工作流程，减少与工作相关的微信群，避免形式主义会议。句子已有谓语issued，且与所给动词间无连词，空处应用非谓语形式。动词ask与其逻辑主语Midea之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填asking。 10．考查介词。句意：这些变化标志着中国职场文化的重大转变，关注员工福祉而不是不合理的加班。根据句意，此处表示“优先于”，应用介词over，构成“focus on A over B”结构，意为“关注A而不是B”。故填over。 B （24-25高二下·江西南昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Five-day work weeks are commonly accepted and practiced. But 1 (trial) of a four day work week in Iceland were considered remarkably successful. They led to many workers 2 (move) to shorter hours and workers around the world are following the trend. Why has this practice gained popularity and is it possible to apply it cross 3 (cultural)? The trials, 4 involved more than 2,500 workers took place in 2015. It was reported that 5 (produce) remained the same or improved in the majority of workplaces. Meanwhile, they found their working conditions were less 6 (stress) and they were no longer at risk of burnout, and their health and work life balance had also improved. Therefore, the world’s largest ever trial of a shorter working week was by any measure 7 complete success. It shows that the public service is ripe for being a pioneer of shorter working weeks and lessons can be learned by other governments. A number of other trials are now 8 (run) across the world. For instance, Unilever in New Zealand is giving staff a chance to cut their hours 9 20% without hurting their pay in a trial. People feel actually more 10 (attach) to the job in that they get rewarded by having more time. 【答案】1．trials 2．moving 3．culturally 4．which 5．productivity 6．stressful 7．a 8．being run 9．by 10．attached 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了冰岛试行四天工作制取得显著成功这一现象，分析了其受关注的原因以及在不同文化中应用的可能性。 1．考查名词复数。句意：但冰岛试行的四天工作制被认为非常成功。根据谓语动词“were”可知，主语应用复数形式，trial意为“试验，试行”，是可数名词，所以此处填trials。故填trials。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们促使许多工人缩短工作时间，世界各地的工人也在追随这一趋势。lead to sb. doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“导致某人做某事”，其中to是介词，所以此处用动名词moving。故填moving。 3．考查副词。句意：为什么这种做法越来越受欢迎，它有可能在不同文化中应用吗？此处修饰动词“apply”，应用副词culturally，意为“从文化角度；在文化方面”。故填culturally。 4．考查定语从句。句意：这些试验于2015年进行，涉及2500多名工人。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“The trials”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 5．考查名词。句意：据报道，大多数工作场所的生产力保持不变或有所提高。根据空前的“that”及空后的“remained”可知，此处应用名词productivity作主语，意为“生产力”，不可数。故填productivity。 6．考查形容词。句意：与此同时，他们发现自己的工作条件压力较小，不再有倦怠的风险，他们的健康和工作与生活的平衡也得到了改善。此处位于系动词“were”后作表语，描述“working conditions(工作条件)”的特征，应用形容词stressful，意为“有压力的”。故填stressful。 7．考查冠词。句意：因此，有史以来世界上最大规模的缩短工作周试验无论从哪个角度衡量都是一次彻底的成功。success在此处表示“成功的事”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指“一次彻底的成功”，且“complete”是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 8．考查动词语态和时态。句意：目前，世界各地正在进行一些其他试验。根据时间状语“now”可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，且trials与run之间是被动关系，即“试验被进行”，所以用现在进行时的被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are + being +过去分词”，此处填being run。故填being run。 9．考查介词。句意：例如，新西兰的联合利华在一项试验中，让员工有机会在不影响工资的情况下将工作时间减少20%。“cut... by + 百分数”表示“减少……（百分之几）”，所以此处填by。故填by。 10．考查形容词。句意：人们实际上觉得自己与这份工作的联系更紧密了，因为他们通过拥有更多时间得到了回报。feel为系动词，此处应用形容词attached作表语，be/feel attached to意为“喜爱；依恋；与……有紧密联系”。故填attached。 （24-25高二下·天津西青·期末）阅读下列短文并回答问题。 This is a true story. One winter morning near Oxford, Maryland, a friend of mine set the breakfast table beside a large window with a view of the Tred Avon River. Across the river, beyond the dock, the snow covered the edge of the shore in white. For a moment, she stood quietly, looking at what the night’s storm had created. Suddenly, she leaned forward and peered through the icy window, trying to examine what she had seen more carefully. “It really is true,” she cried out loud. “There is a goose out there.” She saw a large Canadian goose, very still, its wings held tightly to its sides, and its feet stuck to the ice. From the dark skies, a group of swans (天鹅) appeared, flying in a straight line. They moved gracefully, bravely, and freely. Suddenly, they came down from the sky and surrounded the frozen goose. Seeing this, my friend feared the swans might hurt the goose with their strong beaks (鸟喙). Instead, their beaks began to break the ice around the goose. Eventually, the goose was surrounded by a small area of ice instead of being stuck in the frozen river. The swans flew up again, circling above, waiting to see if their work had helped. The goose lifted its head, pulled its body free, and stood on the ice. Four swans came down again, cleaning the goose’s wings with their beaks and removing the ice stuck to its feathers. The goose stretched its wings as far as it could. When its wings were fully open, the swans flew back up and continued their journey. Behind them, the goose rose into the sky with joy and joined the end of the elegant line. My friend was moved to tears. Even birds help those in trouble. I often think of this story and remind myself, “If birds can do this, why can’t humans?” 1．What does the underlined word “peered” mean in the first paragraph? (no more than 2 words) 2．What was wrong with the goose? (no more than 10 words) 3．What did the swans do when they surrounded the goose? (no more than 15 words) 4．How did the swans help the goose after it stood up? (no more than 15 words) 5．What lesson does the story of the goose teach you for the future? (no more than 20 words) 【答案】1．Looked closely/carefully. / Examined carefully./ Observed carefully./ Inspected carefully./ Studied closely./Stared./ Examined./ Studied./ Observed. 2．Its feet were frozen, and it couldn’t move. 3．They used their beaks to break the ice around the goose. 4．They cleaned its wings and removed the ice from its feathers. 5．It teaches me to be kind, care for others, and support those in need around me. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一群天鹅救助一只被困在冰面上的加拿大鹅的感人故事。 1．考查词义猜测。根据第一段中“Suddenly, she leaned forward and peered through the icy window, trying to examine what she had seen more carefully.(突然，她向前倾身，透过结霜的窗户peered，试图更仔细地观察她看到的东西)”可知，此处描述朋友努力看清窗外景象的动作，划线词peered的意思为“仔细看”。结合语境和语法要求（不超过2词），答案可为Looked closely/carefully. /Examined carefully./Observed carefully./Inspected carefully./Studied closely./Stared./ Examined./Studied./Observed. 2．考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句“She saw a large Canadian goose, very still, its wings held tightly to its sides, and its feet stuck to the ice.(她看见一只大加拿大鹅，一动不动，翅膀紧紧地贴在身体两侧，它的脚冻在冰里)”可知，鹅的问题是脚被冰困住无法移动。故答案为 Its feet were frozen, and it couldn’t move. 3．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Instead, their beaks began to break the ice around the goose.(相反，它们用喙打破鹅周围的冰)”可知，天鹅围住鹅后立即展开救助。答案需突出“用喙破冰”的动作，故答案为They used their beaks to break the ice around the goose. 4．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The goose lifted its head, pulled its body free, and stood on the ice. Four swans came down again, cleaning the goose’s wings with their beaks and removing the ice stuck to its feathers.(那只鹅抬起头，挣脱身体，站在冰上。四只天鹅再次飞下，用喙清理鹅的翅膀并去除羽毛上的冰)”可知，天鹅在鹅站立后继续帮助清理残冰。故答案为They cleaned its wings and removed the ice from its feathers. 5．考查主旨归纳。根据最后一段中“Even birds help those in trouble. If birds can do this, why can’t humans?(连鸟类都会帮助困境中的同类，人类更应如此)”可知，故事通过动物互助行为呼吁人类传递善意。故答案为 It teaches me to be kind, care for others, and support those in need around me。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业08 主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。 1．集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 (1)集体名词作主语，如果表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果强调组成集体的个体成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family，class，team，group，enemy，army，audience, band, club，crowd，staff，committee，company, crew, government, public等。 The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。 My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 (2)个别集体名词，如people，police，cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。 The police are investigating the case.警方正在调查这个案件。 The cattle are grazing in the field.牛群正在牧场吃草。 2．单数名词作主语，后面紧跟as well as，rather than, but，except，besides，with，along with，together with，like，including，in addition to，combined with等时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The teacher as well as the students is ready to help others.不仅学生们乐于助人，老师也乐于助人。 The girl together with some boys has gone to plant trees.那个女孩和一些男孩一起去植树了 。 3．单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致 单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式，方法，sheep羊，deer鹿，works工厂等。 Every means has been tried many times.每一种办法都已经试过多次了。 All possible means have been tried many times.所有可能的方法都已经试过很多次了。 4．单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致 单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理，mathematics/maths 数学，economics 经济学，politics政治学，gymnastics体操，the United States 美国， The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。 The New York Times is widely read in the world.《纽约时报》在全世界被广泛阅览。 5．“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair of，a kind of, a suit of，a piece of 等)修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chopsticks, compasses，glasses, gloves，jeans，pants，scissors，shoes，shorts，socks，trousers等。 A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.一把剪刀放在那个抽屉里。 These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.这种眼镜今年夏天很受欢迎。 6．名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致 当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles，dollars，pounds，kilograms，kilometres，centimeters, millimeters，seconds，hours，years等。 Two kilometres is not very far for the young man.对那个年轻人来说，两公里不是很远。 Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job.对于这么难的工作来说，五个小时是很短的时间。 7．more(...)than one.../many a...结构作主语时的主谓一致 “more than one/many a...＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数；“more＋复数名词＋than one” 作主语时，谓语用复数。 More than one white rose has bloomed in the garden.花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。 More white roses than one have bloomed in the garden.花园里开了许多白玫瑰。 8．“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致 “分数/百分数＋of＋名词” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词的数。 Two thirds of the students support the plan.三分之二的学生支持这项计划。 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海。 Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing.公司80%的员工来自北京。 9．当主语是“most/some/half/the rest＋of＋名词” 时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。 Most of his time is spent on study.他的大部分时间都用在了学习上。 The rest of the workers here are women.这儿剩余的工人是女性。 10．“a number of＋名词复数”作主语时谓语用复数，意为“大量，许多”；“ the number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数，意为“……的数量”。 A number of students have gone home.许多学生已经回家了。 The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书的页数是200。 11．“quantities of＋复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用复数； “a quantity of＋复数名词/不可数名词”谓语动词用单数。 Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.有大量的食物(坚果)在桌子上。 With more forests being destroyed，a quantity of good earth is being washed away each year. 随着越来越多的森林遭到破坏，每年有大量的肥沃土壤被冲走。 12．a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数名词，谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.很短的时间内就造成了很大的损失。 Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.建造这座桥花了大笔的钱。 13．如果主语由“the＋形容词(过去分词)”结构充当，谓语动词常用复数，这类词有the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old等。 The old are very well taken care of in our city.在我们城市老年人被照顾得很好。 14．表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。 15．如果主语由 “a series of，a pile of，a portion of＋名词”或由“a sort/type of，this sort/type of＋名词” 构成，谓语动词通常用单数。 That type of machines is up­to­date.那种机器是最新的。 This new type of buses is now on show.＝Buses of this kind are now on show.现在正展出一款新型的公共汽车。 16．someone，anyone，no one，everyone，something，nothing等复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。 Someone has let the news out.有人把这条消息泄漏出去了。 It's Sunday.Nobody is in.今天星期天。没人在家。 17．each of＋名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Each of the students has an apple.每个学生都有一个苹果。 We/You/They/The students each have an apple.我们/你们/他们/学生各有一个苹果。 [名师点津]　复数形式 students作主语，each作同位语。 18．all 作主语时，若指人，谓语通常用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。 All have gone home.大家都回家了。 All that glitters is not gold.发亮的不一定都是金子。 [名师点津]　若是“all of＋名词”作主语，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。 19．either和neither作主语时，若是单独作主语，谓语动词用单数；若是用于“either (neither) of＋名词”结构作主语，则其后的谓语动词可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。 Neither was satisfactory.两个都不令人满意。 Neither of the two computers is (are) cheap.这两台电脑都不便宜。 20．none(of) 作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语用单数；若指复数可数名词，谓语可用单数(正式文体)或复数(非正式文体)。 None of the money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。 None of the boys like (likes) it.这些男孩子谁也不喜欢它。 一.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．The audience (be)so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. 2．Many a parent (have)had to go through this same painful process. 3．A group of sheep (be)eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill. 4．People (show) great love to the victims since the disaster happened. 5．Eight hours of sleep (be) enough. 6．Tom，together with his friends， (have) gone out to play. 7．A pair of glasses (be) lost on the playground yesterday afternoon. 8．Twenty dollars for the little poor girl (be) too much then. 9．This kind of apple (taste) good.Apples of this kind (taste) good. 10．The rich are for the plan，while the poor against it.(be) 二.单句语法填空 1．The number of days in February this year (be) 28. 2．One and a half apples (have) been eaten by the boy. 3．Large amounts of money (be) spent on the magnificent building，but the poor were(be) not allowed to have a single room. 4．Most of the artists will go to the United States next week.The rest (be) to visit Japan. 5．None of us (seem) to have thought of it. 6．All (be) eager to reach an agreement. 7．There (be) a large quantity of milk. 8．A large quantity of books (be) on sale now. 9．We each (have) a different point of view.Each of us (have) got something to say. 10．Every hour and every minute (be) very important. 三.短文语法填空 L＝Lily　J＝James L: Wow, your new house is so beautiful! And all the rooms are decorated in an elegant style. J: Thank you.You know, it took us nearly five months to complete the decoration of the house.And all the furniture 1. (select) carefully by my parents. L: That's great.But why did you paint your walls light blue? Is it a colour that can make you relaxed? J: I'm not sure, but my family 2. (like) the colour, so we painted the walls light blue. L: No wonder.Your brother's clothing 3. (be) very up to late.What does he do? Is he a barber? J: No.As a matter of fact, he is a singer and his audience 4. (be) mainly young people.Last year, my brother was invited to sing a song at our class's New Year Party, and all my class 5. (impress) by his performance. L: Wow, that's cool.I'm looking forward to watching his performance. 四.短文语法填空 As the World Book Day is coming nearer，a number of English activities 1. (be) going to be organized in our school.A series of activities 2. (include) reading and speaking competitions，all of which 3. (be)interesting.Everyone 4. (be) welcome.Each of you 5. a chance to communicate with each other！Please all the students 6. (be) prepared to take an active part in the activities! 四、语法填空 1．Neither the president of the student union nor the three vice-presidents (be) willing to take full responsibility for the failed orientation week during the last meeting. 2．Physics, as well as other natural sciences, (boost) our understanding of the universe. 3．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. 4．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. 5．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. 6．Neither the students nor the teacher (know) the answer to the question. 7．In my opinion, it is not the passengers but the driver who (be) to blame. 8．The number of cultural heritage sites in this province (remain) stable over the past decade. 9．A number of young people (volunteer) to take part in the ancient books sorting work recently. 10．The number of young people learning English (increase) rapidly these days. 11．What matters most to the students (be) their final exam results, while what lie on the teacher’s desk (be) the marked papers. 12．Not only his friends but also he (wish) for a holiday now. 13．Neither he nor I (finish) the experiment so far. 14．Many a teacher (be) present at the meeting yesterday afternoon. 15．Not only Tony but also his parents (invite) to the party last night. 16．Two­thirds of the school with snow and the majority of the students (be) eager to have a snow fight with their classmates. 17．A large quantity of money (spend) on the project so far. 18．Up to now, two thirds of the project (finish). 19．There (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table in the picture. 20．The family (discuss) whether 100 yuan (be) enough for their dinner. A （24-25高二下·江西南昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Employees in China may get a chance to take a breath from the tiring and punishing “996 work culture”, 1 people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, after several Chinese companies issued 2 internal reminder together to prevent formalistic (形式主义的) overtime working and workplace rat race (职场内卷). The central government has also shown greater determination 3 (regulate) the unhealthy “work culture”. Recently, local officials 4 (urge) to better protect workers’ right to rest and tighten supervision (监督) of employers’ behavior of 5 (illegal) lengthening employees’ working hours. Before the action plan was released, several Chinese companies 6 (seek) to relax their exhausting working schedules. Shenzhen-based drone manufacturer DJI became a popular topic 7 a social media platform — Sina Weibo recently, after some of its employees posted their experiences of not 8 (allow) to work overtime after 9 pm. Midea, a home appliance manufacturer, issued an internal notice in late January, 9 (ask) its staff members to simplify their working process, reduce work-related WeChat groups and avoid formalistic meetings. These changes mark a significant shift in China’s workplace culture, focusing on employees’ well-being 10 unreasonable overtime. B （24-25高二下·江西南昌·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Five-day work weeks are commonly accepted and practiced. But 1 (trial) of a four day work week in Iceland were considered remarkably successful. They led to many workers 2 (move) to shorter hours and workers around the world are following the trend. Why has this practice gained popularity and is it possible to apply it cross 3 (cultural)? The trials, 4 involved more than 2,500 workers took place in 2015. It was reported that 5 (produce) remained the same or improved in the majority of workplaces. Meanwhile, they found their working conditions were less 6 (stress) and they were no longer at risk of burnout, and their health and work life balance had also improved. Therefore, the world’s largest ever trial of a shorter working week was by any measure 7 complete success. It shows that the public service is ripe for being a pioneer of shorter working weeks and lessons can be learned by other governments. A number of other trials are now 8 (run) across the world. For instance, Unilever in New Zealand is giving staff a chance to cut their hours 9 20% without hurting their pay in a trial. People feel actually more 10 (attach) to the job in that they get rewarded by having more time. （24-25高二下·天津西青·期末）阅读下列短文并回答问题。 This is a true story. One winter morning near Oxford, Maryland, a friend of mine set the breakfast table beside a large window with a view of the Tred Avon River. Across the river, beyond the dock, the snow covered the edge of the shore in white. For a moment, she stood quietly, looking at what the night’s storm had created. Suddenly, she leaned forward and peered through the icy window, trying to examine what she had seen more carefully. “It really is true,” she cried out loud. “There is a goose out there.” She saw a large Canadian goose, very still, its wings held tightly to its sides, and its feet stuck to the ice. From the dark skies, a group of swans (天鹅) appeared, flying in a straight line. They moved gracefully, bravely, and freely. Suddenly, they came down from the sky and surrounded the frozen goose. Seeing this, my friend feared the swans might hurt the goose with their strong beaks (鸟喙). Instead, their beaks began to break the ice around the goose. Eventually, the goose was surrounded by a small area of ice instead of being stuck in the frozen river. The swans flew up again, circling above, waiting to see if their work had helped. The goose lifted its head, pulled its body free, and stood on the ice. Four swans came down again, cleaning the goose’s wings with their beaks and removing the ice stuck to its feathers. The goose stretched its wings as far as it could. When its wings were fully open, the swans flew back up and continued their journey. Behind them, the goose rose into the sky with joy and joined the end of the elegant line. My friend was moved to tears. Even birds help those in trouble. I often think of this story and remind myself, “If birds can do this, why can’t humans?” 1．What does the underlined word “peered” mean in the first paragraph? (no more than 2 words) 2．What was wrong with the goose? (no more than 10 words) 3．What did the swans do when they surrounded the goose? (no more than 15 words) 4．How did the swans help the goose after it stood up? (no more than 15 words) 5．What lesson does the story of the goose teach you for the future? (no more than 20 words) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $