专题04 Units 7～8（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材译林版

专题04 Units 7~8（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握carry on with、the number of、aim to、run out等短语。 2. 掌握被动语态的知识点：结构、判断、特殊情况等。 复习难点： 1. 各种时态的被动语态的判断。 2. 不使用被动语态的情况。 考情规律 单项选择、单词填空：侧重被动语态的运用。 选词填空：侧重语法知识点综合运用。 阅读理解：侧重细节理解和把握文章主旨的能力运用。 知识点1 aim aim 既可作动词，也可作名词，核心含义是“目标、目的、瞄准”。 1. aim作动词：aim to do sth旨在做某事、目标是做某事 The program aims to help students improve their reading skills. 这个项目旨在帮助学生提高阅读能力。 2 aim作名词：one’s aim is to do sth某人的目标是做某事；achieve one's aim实现目标 His aim is to become a professional basketball player one day. 他的目标是某一天成为一名职业篮球运动员。 She achieved her aim of running a full marathon after months of training. 经过几个月的训练，她实现了跑完一场全程马拉松的目标。 aim、goal与purpose aim 目标、目的，大致的方向或意图 His aim is to help others. goal 目标，需要努力才能达成的最终目标 Her goal is to become a scientist purpose 目的，做某事的理由或意图 What is the purpose of this meeting? Her aim is _______ (travel) to at least ten different countries before she turns thirty. 知识点2 afford afford 是动词，意为“负担得起、买得起、抽得出（时间）”，通常与can, could, be able to连用。 1 can/can’t afford sth负担得起某物 We can afford the cost of the trip. 我们负担得起这次旅行的费用。 2 can/can’t afford to do sth负担得起做某事 She saved money for years so that she could afford to go to college. 她存了好几年钱，以便能上得起大学。 She couldn't afford _______ (take) a vacation that year because she had just lost her job. 知识点3 benefit benefit 既可作名词，也可作动词，意为“好处、益处、受益”。 Exercise has many benefits for your health. 锻炼对你的健康有很多好处。 The new law will benefit millions of poor families. 新法律将使数百万贫困家庭受益。 We all benefited a lot from the teacher's advice.我们都从老师的建议中受益良多。 benefit的短语：benefit sb/sth使……受益；benefit from/by从……中受益 孩子们从户外玩耍中比整天盯着屏幕受益更多。 Children __________________________ than from staring at screens all day. 知识点4 operate operate是动词，意为“动手术”。其名词形式是operation。常考短语如下： 1. operate on sb给某人做手术=do/perform an operation on sb The famous doctor has operated on hundreds of patients with eye problems. 那位著名的医生已经为数百名眼疾患者做了手术。 The doctors did a successful operation on the little girl's heart. 医生们成功地为那个小女孩做了心脏手术。 2 sb be operated on某人接受手术=sb have an operation The patient was operated on by a young doctor last night. 那位病人昨晚由一位年轻医生做了手术。 She had an operation on her left knee last month. 她上个月左膝做了手术。 My grandmother _______ (operate) on last month and she is now feeling much better. 知识点5 carry on with carry on with sth 继续某事 She carried on with her life after the sad event. 那件悲伤的事情过后，她继续过她的生活。 carry on doing sth 继续做某事 She carried on talking on the phone while walking down the street. 她一边沿着街道走，一边继续打电话。 “动词+on”的常考短语 go on继续、发生；hold on 等一下、坚持住；depend on依赖、取决于；live on以……为生；work on 致力于；focus on专注于；put on穿上、上演 Even though it started to rain, the children chose to ________ with their soccer game outside. A.depend on B. work on C. focus on D. carry on 知识点6 cause 1 作动词，意为“导致、引起、使发生”，用法如下： cause sth 引起某事 Too much screen time can cause eye problems for young children. 过多的屏幕时间会给幼儿引起眼睛问题。 cause sb sth 给某人带来某物（麻烦/痛苦） The traffic accident caused the family a lot of trouble. 那场交通事故给这家人带来了很多麻烦。 cause sb to do sth 导致/使某人做某事 The strange noise caused the dog to bark loudly at the door. 那个奇怪的声音使狗对着门大声吠叫。 2 作名词，意为“原因、起因、事业”，通常考查the cause of，意为“……的起因/原因” Nobody knows the cause of his strange behavior. 没有人知道他这种奇怪行为的原因。 He decided to join the cause of helping poor children in rural areas.他决定加入帮助农村贫困儿童的事业。 cause与reason cause 直接起因（客观，造成后果的事物） the cause of ……的起因 reason 理由、借口（主观，解释行为/想法） the reason for ……的理由 The AI technology _______ many workers to worry about losing their jobs in the future. A.caused B. allowed C. got D. encouraged 知识点7 successfully 主要考查词性转化 succeed 动词 succeed (in) doing成功做某事 success 名词 不可数，指具体某个事件时可数 successful 形容词 修饰名词、或作表语 successfully 副词 修饰动词 He worked hard every day to succeed. Finally, he achieved great success. People called him a successful businessman, and he successfully opened his own company.他每天都在努力奋斗以求成功。最终，他取得了巨大成就。人们称他为成功的商人，并且他成功创办了自己的公司。 Hard work is the key to _______. A _______ person never stops learning new things. (success) 知识点8 strict strict 是形容词，意为“严格的、严厉的”。常考查形容词短语： 1 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 The head teacher is strict with every student in our class. 班主任对我们班每个学生都很严格。 2 be strict about/in sth 对某事严肃、严格 My mother is always strict in managing the family budget every month. 我妈妈在管理每月家庭预算上一直很严格。 The swimming coach is ______ us about safety rules, so we always check the pool depth first. A.angry with B. strict with C. patient with D. careful with 知识点9 fine fine 作动词时，意为“罚款、处以罚金”。常见短语如下： 1. fine sb + 金额 罚某人多少钱 The city government fined the factory 50,000 yuan for pouring waste into the river. 市政府因该工厂向河里排放废水罚了它5万元。 2 fine sb for sth / doing sth 因某事罚某人款 The park manager fined a visitor for picking flowers in the public garden. 公园管理员因一名游客在公共花园里摘花罚了他款。 3 be fined for sth 因…… 被罚款 Many drivers were fined for parking their cars in the bicycle lanes last month. 上个月许多司机因把车停在自行车道上被罚款。 A young man ________ (fine) for flying a drone near the airport without permission. 知识点10 run out sth run out 某物耗尽/用光 无被动 主语：物品、资源、时间 run out of sth 用光/耗尽某物 被动 sth be run out of 主语：人（消耗物品的主体） Time ran out before I could finish the last question in the exam. 在我完成考试中最后一道题之前，时间就用完了。 The hikers ran out of water halfway up the mountain and had to turn back. 那些徒步旅行者在半山腰把水喝完了，不得不返回。 Fresh drinking water was run out of after the earthquake cut off the supply. 地震切断了供应之后，新鲜饮用水被用完了。 By the time the rescue team arrived, all the food and medicine ________. A. ran out B. ran out of C. had run out D. had been run out of 知识点11 make a difference make a difference意为“有影响、起作用、有改变”，后接名词或动名词。常见用法如下： 1. make a difference to sb/sth 对某人或某事有影响 Even a small smile can make a difference to someone having a bad day. 即使一个微笑也能对心情不好的人产生影响。 2 make a difference to doing 对做某事有影响 Proper rest makes a difference to keeping energetic during busy school days. 适度休息对于在繁忙学业中保持精力能起到作用。 3 make a big / great / real difference 有很大影响 Reading English every day will make a big difference to your language skills. 每天阅读英语会对你的语言能力产生很大的影响。 从上学期以来，你善意的话语对我的自信心产生了很大的影响。 Your kind words ________________________ my confidence since last semester. 知识点12 The number of cars on the road is controlled by the local traffic rules.道路上的汽车数量由当地交通规则控制。 1 the number of意为“……的数量” the number of与a number of the number of ……的数量 后接名词复数 作主语看作单数 a number of 许多 后接名词复数 作主语看作复数 The number of students in our school is over 2,000 this year. 今年我们学校的学生数量超过2000人。 A number of trees were planted along the street last spring. 去年春天沿街种了许多树。 2 control vt. & n. 控制。常见短语有： be controlled by由……控制；under control处于控制之下、事态可控； out of control失控、失去管理；strictly control严格控制 control的过去式与过去分词都是controlled，注意双写l。 The number of wild animals in this forest _________ (fall) sharply because of human activities since last year. 知识点13 We all have to separate our rubbish now so that more of it can be recycled.我们现在都必须对垃圾进行分类，以便更多垃圾能被回收。 1 separate vt. & vi. (使) 分开；vt. 区分 separate into与separate from separate...into 把一个整体分成若干部分 be separated into different groups可分为不同的组别 separate...from 原本混合/在一起的两类事物分开 separate the good apples from the bad ones把好苹果和坏苹果分开 The river separates the city into two parts: the old town and the new town. 这条河把城市分成两部分：老城区和新城区。 The fence separates our garden from the neighbor's. 那道篱笆把我们的花园和邻居的分开了。 2 so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便、为了”，表示主句动作的目的。 She spoke slowly and clearly so that everyone could understand her speech. 她说得又慢又清楚，以便每个人都能听懂她的演讲。 so that与so...that so that 表目的，“为了……” 从句中常有can / could so...that 表结果，“如此……以至于” so后加形容词或副词 He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word. 他如此生气以至于一句话也没说就离开了房间。 Many companies now allow employees to work from home _______ they can avoid long rush-hour commutes. A.in order B. so that C. as soon as D. because 知识点14 被动语态的判断方法 1. by sb (被.../由...) The cake was made by my mother for my birthday party. 这个蛋糕是我妈妈为我的生日派对做的。 2 及物动词后没有宾语时，需用被动语态 All the windows were cleaned yesterday afternoon. 所有的窗户昨天下午都被擦干净了。（clean“打扫”是及物动词，需接宾语，句中没有，则clean需用被动语态） 3 动宾结构中，宾语变主语，主动需变被动 All students are asked to wear school uniforms when attending school events. 所有学生都被要求参加学校活动时穿校服。（原本是ask all students to wear school uniforms，宾语students变成了主语，需用被动） 4 物作主语时，可能需用被动语态 The letter was sent to the wrong address yesterday. 那封信昨天被寄错了地址。 The students ________ (advise) to review their notes carefully before the final exam. 知识点15 被动语态的时态变化 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，根据不同时态，对be动词进行时态变化，过去分词不变 一般现在时 am/is/are done English is spoken by many people all over the world. 一般过去时 was/were done The lost child was found by a kind old man in the park. 一般将来时 will be done am/is/are going to be done A new library will be built in our neighborhood next year. The meeting is going to be held in the main hall tomorrow morning. 现在完成时 have/has been done The new shopping mall has been opened to the public for a week. 含情态动词 must/can/should be done The problem can be solved if we work together as a team. Plastic waste _______ (collect) from the ocean every month to protect sea animals. 知识点16 不使用被动的情况 不使用被动的常见情况 系动词 主动形式表被动含义 keep, stay, taste, feel, sound等 不及物动词 不能接宾语，不存在被动语态 take place, happen, break down, appear等 表示物品属性或特征的动词 表示物品属性或特征的动词，无被动语态 sell well, write well, read easily等 The cloth feels soft and smooth, just like real silk. 这块布摸起来柔软光滑，就像真丝一样。 The sports meeting took place last Friday in our school. 运动会上周五在我们学校举行了。 The new pen writes smoothly and is popular among students. 这支新钢笔写起来很流畅，在学生中很受欢迎。 以上情况中，有一些单词一词多义，有无被动需具体判断，例如： keep 系动词“保持”，无被动 实意动词“保存”，有被动 taste 系动词“尝起来”，无被动 实意动词“品尝”，有被动 smell 系动词“闻起来”，无被动 实意动词“闻、嗅”，有被动 finish/start “结束”/”开始”，无被动 “完成”/“启动”，有被动 change “变化”，无被动 “改变”，有被动 grow “增长、成长”，无被动 “种植”，有被动 The special dish was tasted by all the guests at the party. 这道特色菜被派对上的所有客人都品尝了。 The name of the street will be changed next month to honor a famous scientist. 这条街的名字下个月将被更改，以纪念一位著名的科学家。 The plants _______ (grow) well in the warm and sunny weather this spring. 知识点17 sb be made to do sth make 在主动语态中是 make sb do sth（不带 to），但变为被动语态时，to 必须恢复，即 be made to do sth，意为“被迫做某事”。 The workers were made to work for twelve hours a day in the old factory. 工人们在那家旧工厂里被迫每天工作十二个小时。 The students were made _______ (clean) the whole classroom after school as a punishment. 知识点18 sb be seen to do与sb be seen doing sb be seen to do与sb be seen doing 主动形式 被动形式 适用情况 see sb do sth sb be seen to do 某人被看到做了某事 强调被看到的全过程/事实，常出现一般时态的时间标志 see sb doing sth sb be seen doing 某人被看见正在做某事 强调被看到的动作正在进行，一般有when等表示进行时的标志 类似用法的单词有：hear、notice、watch等 The young man was seen to help an old lady carry her heavy bags home. 那个年轻人被看到帮一位老奶奶把沉重的袋子提回家。 The boy was seen playing basketball on the playground when the rain started. 那个男孩下雨时被看到正在操场上打篮球。 The little girl was heard ________ (sing) a beautiful song at the school talent show last night. 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）—Was the doctor successful in saving the patient? —Yes. He ________ the morning of June 2, and now he is out of danger. A．was operated B．was operated on C．operated on D．operated 2．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）—Nature is our greatest ________. It is important for us to protect it. —Yes. If humans don’t take action, natural resources will ________ one day. A．resource; give out B．knowledge; put out C．project; carry out D．treasure; run out 4．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）The age of 5G is coming. Chinese scientists are trying their best ________ the usage in many fields. A．carrying on B．to carry with C．carrying with D．to carry on with 5．（24-25九年级上·四川广安·期中）The books written by Lucy ________ at a low price, so they ________ well. A．sell; sell B．are sold; are sold C．are sold; sell D．sell; are sold 二、单词拼写 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）I can’t afford ________ (waste) time on meaningless things, so I always take a book with me. 7．（2026·江苏·模拟预测）Teenage problems should be ________ (deal) with immediately before they get worse. 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）It’s reported that the high-speed railway station ________ (complete) next year. 9．（25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期中）Several of his short stories ________ (translate) into many foreign languages since last year. 10．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）It’s believed the new products ________ (sell) well soon after they appear on the market. 11．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）The Jiangyin Half Marathon ______ (hold) on April 13, 2025. 12．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）You can’t come into this garden until you ______ (allow) to. 13．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）Luckily, Mr. Li ________ (send) to the hospital in time yesterday and he’s better now. 14．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）Only time will tell if the treatment has been ________ (success). 15．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）The old man is seen ________ (walk) slowly along the quiet street every 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、选词填空 （24-25八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空（每个词或短语只能用一次）。 large; because; set up; lead to; and so on; project; feel like; on time; as a result; make a difference 1．World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international charity to protect plenty of animals and plants. It is one of the world’s protection organizations. 2．WWF on April 29th, 1961, in Gland, Switzerland. 3．It has over 5,000,000 supporters worldwide now. They work together and part of one big family. 4．The organization supports more than 15,000 environmental around the world. 5．The symbol (象征) of WWF is a giant panda it’s one of the animals in danger. 6．Also, WWF is famous for the “Living Planet Report”. It has been published every two years since 1998. 7．So far, these reports have discussed many subjects—the health of Earth, changes in animals’ numbers . 8．Human activities lots of environmental problems already. 9． , we humans should take action to improve the situation. 10．Please remember that everyone can do something . 二、阅读理解 （24-25八年级下·江苏·期末）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product (产品). When you upcycle an item, you are probably doing something different. You can just refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled item is usually of the same, or even better quality. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modern-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were not useful any more. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can-be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is greener. Upcycling only needs your own ideas and work, but recycling needs energy or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. Making items from old things or buying upcycled products? Both are great for the environment and give you cool and useful things. Give it a try! 11．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Recycling useless things. B．Reusing things directly. C．Repairing broken things. D．Repurposing for a new use. 12．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．Upcycling is a greener way of life. B．Upcycling is more useful. C．Upcycling needs more energy. D．Upcycling is new to the world. 13．How did people in the past use things? A．They used things once, then threw them away. B．They reused things until they were useless. C．They only used expensive things. D．They always bought new things. 14．What can we learn from Grace’s story about upcycling? A．Only skilled people can do it. B．It needs new ideas and takes time. C．It is simpler than recycling. D．It needs some special tools. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people the past and future of upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To spread the habit of upcycling in the daily life. D．To make people know the importance of recycling. 三、阅读还原 （24-25八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The earth is our home; we must take care of it. This means keeping the land, air and water clean. Pollution is a “dirty word”. To pollute means to make things unfit (不合适的) or unclean to use. 16 We see it, smell it, taste it and drink it. Pollution is beginning to threaten (威胁) our health, our happiness and our life. Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made a fire, washed his clothes in the river and threw his waste on the ground. 17 At first the problem was not so serious because there was plenty of clean air, land and water. 18 All the dirty things could be absorbed (吸收) by nature and soon be covered over. But this is no longer true. The increase of the population and the development of industry have changed that. Man is slowly polluting his environment. Through the use of poison (毒药), man has polluted land and killed the animals. By putting dirty water and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have polluted our drinking water, killing the fish. 19 More people, more waste. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a big rubbish dump, or is there any hope that we can get rid of pollution? 20 A large number of people are now working hard to bring pollution under control. A．There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. B．Pollution comes in many ways. C．Our increasing population is part of the problem. D．Man couldn’t probably live on the earth. E．When land was used up or water became dirty, man moved to another place. F．Luckily, millions of people have been warned of the danger of pollution. G．There will be more and more people in the world. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25八年级下·江苏盐城·期末） In her grandparents’ house, Meg found an old family calendar (日历), with each page filled out carefully. On June 6, 1892: “Helped Mr. Thompson repair his house.” On November 14, 1907: “Volunteered my time at an old people’s home.” “That is the tradition (传统) of our family.” her grandmother explained. “Every day, for generations (一代代), we complete one kind act and write it down, no matter how small it is.” Meg was interested. “Why?” Her grandmother smiled, “We believe that through continuous kind actions, we can create a life of purpose. Every day, we find a moment of light by offering help to others, even when the world around us is dark.” With respect, Meg decided to keep the tradition. Every night, she recorded her act for the day. As years went by, Meg’s kind acts grew, from helping a stranger on the road to organizing community clean-ups. One day, as she sat in a restaurant, a young woman came to her. “Excuse me, are you Meg?” she asked. Meg nodded, feeling confused (困惑的). The woman went on, “Years ago, you taught me for free when my family couldn’t afford lessons. Because of you, I went to college. Today I run an organization providing help for poor students.” Meg realized her actions were creating ripples in ways she had never thought of. Soon the calendar became a community legend (传奇). The town even started a “Calendar Day”, wishing everyone to do good. When Meg was old, she often sat with her grandchildren, turning the filled pages. One day, her grandchild, Sophie, looked up from the calendar. “I want to continue this, Grandma.” Meg handed the calendar over. She knew the tradition would live on. Years after Meg died, the town built a statue (雕像) to remember her, with the words on its base: In memory of Meg and the generations before her who believed in the power of everyday kindness. 1．What was Meg’s family tradition? A．Taking pictures every day. B．Doing and recording a kind act daily. C．Visiting old people’s homes. D．Organizing the community clean-ups. 2．What might the word “ripples” in the passage stand for? A．Volunteers’ jobs at a college. B．The pages of the calendar. C．Series of others’ good acts caused by Meg. D．The organizations for poor students. 3．Why did Sophie want to continue the tradition? A．She had to write a book about her family. B．She liked the stories in the old town. C．She saw the power of kindness from Meg. D．She wanted to collect the old calendars. 4．What did the town do to remember Meg? A．They built a calendar museum. B．They named a street after her. C．They started a “Kindness Day”. D．They built a statue in memory of her. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Small Daily Kind Acts B．An Introduction to an Old Family Photo C．The Way to Organize Community Activities D．The Importance of Learning from Grandparents 1/1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 Units 7~8（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 复习目标 复习重点： 1. 掌握carry on with、the number of、aim to、run out等短语。 2. 掌握被动语态的知识点：结构、判断、特殊情况等。 复习难点： 1. 各种时态的被动语态的判断。 2. 不使用被动语态的情况。 考情规律 单项选择、单词填空：侧重被动语态的运用。 选词填空：侧重语法知识点综合运用。 阅读理解：侧重细节理解和把握文章主旨的能力运用。 知识点1 aim aim 既可作动词，也可作名词，核心含义是“目标、目的、瞄准”。 1. aim作动词：aim to do sth旨在做某事、目标是做某事 The program aims to help students improve their reading skills. 这个项目旨在帮助学生提高阅读能力。 2 aim作名词：one’s aim is to do sth某人的目标是做某事；achieve one's aim实现目标 His aim is to become a professional basketball player one day. 他的目标是有朝一日成为一名职业篮球运动员。 She achieved her aim of running a full marathon after months of training. 经过几个月的训练，她实现了跑完一场全程马拉松的目标。 aim、goal与purpose aim 目标、目的，大致的方向或意图 His aim is to help others. goal 目标，需要努力才能达成的最终目标 Her goal is to become a scientist purpose 目的，做某事的理由或意图 What is the purpose of this meeting? Her aim is _______ (travel) to at least ten different countries before she turns thirty. 句意：她的目标是在三十岁之前至少去十个不同的国家旅行。one’s aim is to do sth表示“某人的目标是做某事”，故填to travel。 知识点2 afford afford 是动词，意为“负担得起、买得起、抽得出（时间）”，通常与can, could, be able to连用。 1 can/can’t afford sth负担得起某物 We can afford the cost of the trip. 我们负担得起这次旅行的费用。 2 can/can’t afford to do sth负担得起做某事 She saved money for years so that she could afford to go to college. 她存了好几年钱，以便能上得起大学。 She couldn't afford _______ (take) a vacation that year because she had just lost her job. 句意：那一年她没钱去度假，因为她刚刚失业了。afford to do sth表示“负担的起做某事”，故填to take。 知识点3 benefit benefit 既可作名词，也可作动词，意为“好处、益处、受益”。 Exercise has many benefits for your health. 锻炼对你的健康有很多好处。 The new law will benefit millions of poor families. 新法律将使数百万贫困家庭受益。 We all benefited a lot from the teacher's advice.我们都从老师的建议中受益良多。 benefit的短语：benefit sb/sth使……受益；benefit from/by从……中受益 孩子们从户外玩耍中比整天盯着屏幕受益更多。 Children __________________________ than from staring at screens all day. 原句中“从户外玩耍中受益更多”是关键词。“从……中受益”表达为benefit from，“更多”表达为more，“户外玩耍”表达为play outdoor，from后play用动名词形式。故填benefit more from playing outdoors。 知识点4 operate operate是动词，意为“动手术”。其名词形式是operation。常考短语如下： 1. operate on sb给某人做手术=do/perform an operation on sb The famous doctor has operated on hundreds of patients with eye problems. 那位著名的医生已经为数百名眼疾患者做了手术。 The doctors did a successful operation on the little girl's heart. 医生们成功地为那个小女孩做了心脏手术。 2 sb be operated on某人接受手术=sb have an operation The patient was operated on by a young doctor last night. 那位病人昨晚由一位年轻医生做了手术。 She had an operation on her left knee last month. 她上个月左膝做了手术。 My grandmother _______ (operate) on last month and she is now feeling much better. 句意：我祖母上个月做了手术，现在感觉好多了。grandmother与operate之间是被动关系，且last month表明发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，故填was operated。 知识点5 carry on with carry on with sth 继续某事 She carried on with her life after the sad event. 那件悲伤的事情过后，她继续过她的生活。 carry on doing sth 继续做某事 She carried on talking on the phone while walking down the street. 她一边沿着街道走，一边继续打电话。 “动词+on”的常考短语 go on继续、发生；hold on 等一下、坚持住；depend on依赖、取决于；live on以……为生；work on 致力于；focus on专注于；put on穿上、上演 Even though it started to rain, the children chose to ________ with their soccer game outside. A.depend on B. work on C. focus on D. carry on 句意：尽管开始下雨，孩子们还是决定继续在户外踢足球。depend on依靠；work on致力于；focus on专注于；carry on继续。根据“Even though it started to rain”可知，虽然下雨，但是孩子们继续比赛。故选D。 知识点6 cause 1 作动词，意为“导致、引起、使发生”，用法如下： cause sth 引起某事 Too much screen time can cause eye problems for young children. 过多的屏幕时间会给幼儿引起眼睛问题。 cause sb sth 给某人带来某物（麻烦/痛苦） The traffic accident caused the family a lot of trouble. 那场交通事故给这家人带来了很多麻烦。 cause sb to do sth 导致/使某人做某事 The strange noise caused the dog to bark loudly at the door. 那个奇怪的声音使狗对着门大声吠叫。 2 作名词，意为“原因、起因、事业”，通常考查the cause of，意为“……的起因/原因” Nobody knows the cause of his strange behavior. 没有人知道他这种奇怪行为的原因。 He decided to join the cause of helping poor children in rural areas.他决定加入帮助农村贫困儿童的事业。 cause与reason cause 直接起因（客观，造成后果的事物） the cause of ……的起因 reason 理由、借口（主观，解释行为/想法） the reason for ……的理由 The AI technology _______ many workers to worry about losing their jobs in the future. A.caused B. allowed C. got D. encouraged 句意：人工智能技术导致许多工人担心未来会失业。cause引导；allow允许；get使得；encourage鼓励。此处表示“人工智能技术导致人们担忧”，cause表示客观原因，意为“导致、引起”，符合；get有说服、安排之意，不符合。故选A。 知识点7 successfully 主要考查词性转化 succeed 动词 succeed (in) doing成功做某事 success 名词 不可数，指具体某个事件时可数 successful 形容词 修饰名词、或作表语 successfully 副词 修饰动词 He worked hard every day to succeed. Finally, he achieved great success. People called him a successful businessman, and he successfully opened his own company.他每天都在努力奋斗以求成功。最终，他取得了巨大成就。人们称他为成功的商人，并且他成功创办了自己的公司。 Hard work is the key to _______. A _______ person never stops learning new things. (success) 句意：努力工作是成功的关键。一个成功的人从不停止学习新东西。the key to后接名词，表示“……的关键”，故第一空是名词success；第二空是形容词作定语，修饰名词person，successful“成功的”，是形容词。故填success；successful。 知识点8 strict strict 是形容词，意为“严格的、严厉的”。常考查形容词短语： 1 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 The head teacher is strict with every student in our class. 班主任对我们班每个学生都很严格。 2 be strict about/in sth 对某事严肃、严格 My mother is always strict in managing the family budget every month. 我妈妈在管理每月家庭预算上一直很严格。 The swimming coach is ______ us about safety rules, so we always check the pool depth first. A.angry with B. strict with C. patient with D. careful with 句意：游泳教练在安全规则上对我们要求很严格，所以我们总是先检查泳池深度。angry with对……生气；strict with对……严格；patient with对……有耐心；careful with对……小心谨慎。“we always check the pool depth first”表明教练在安全规则上对我们很严格，此处是be strict with sb about sth表示“在某事上严格要求某人”，故选B。 知识点9 fine fine 作动词时，意为“罚款、处以罚金”。常见短语如下： 1. fine sb + 金额 罚某人多少钱 The city government fined the factory 50,000 yuan for pouring waste into the river. 市政府因该工厂向河里排放废水罚了它5万元。 2 fine sb for sth / doing sth 因某事罚某人款 The park manager fined a visitor for picking flowers in the public garden. 公园管理员因一名游客在公共花园里摘花罚了他款。 3 be fined for sth 因…… 被罚款 Many drivers were fined for parking their cars in the bicycle lanes last month. 上个月许多司机因把车停在自行车道上被罚款。 A young man ________ (fine) for flying a drone near the airport without permission. 句意：一名年轻男子因未经允许在机场附近飞无人机被罚款。man与fine“罚款”之间是被动关系，且根据句意是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was fined。 知识点10 run out sth run out 某物耗尽/用光 无被动 主语：物品、资源、时间 run out of sth 用光/耗尽某物 被动 sth be run out of 主语：人（消耗物品的主体） Time ran out before I could finish the last question in the exam. 在我完成考试中最后一道题之前，时间就用完了。 The hikers ran out of water halfway up the mountain and had to turn back. 那些徒步旅行者在半山腰把水喝完了，不得不返回。 Fresh drinking water was run out of after the earthquake cut off the supply. 地震切断了供应之后，新鲜饮用水被用完了。 By the time the rescue team arrived, all the food and medicine ________. A. ran out B. ran out of C. had run out D. had been run out of 句意：等到救援队到达的时候，所有的食物和药品早就用完了。主语是 food and medicine，表示用光，是短语“sth run out”。故选C。 知识点11 make a difference make a difference意为“有影响、起作用、有改变”，后接名词或动名词。常见用法如下： 1. make a difference to sb/sth 对某人或某事有影响 Even a small smile can make a difference to someone having a bad day. 即使一个微笑也能对心情不好的人产生影响。 2 make a difference to doing 对做某事有影响 Proper rest makes a difference to keeping energetic during busy school days. 适度休息对于在繁忙学业中保持精力能起到作用。 3 make a big / great / real difference 有很大影响 Reading English every day will make a big difference to your language skills. 每天阅读英语会对你的语言能力产生很大的影响。 从上学期以来，你善意的话语对我的自信心产生了很大的影响。 Your kind words ________________________ my confidence since last semester. “对……产生了很大影响”表达为make a great difference to；由“since”可知是现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have，make的过去分词是made。故填have made a great difference to。 知识点12 The number of cars on the road is controlled by the local traffic rules.道路上的汽车数量由当地交通规则控制。 1 the number of意为“……的数量” the number of与a number of the number of ……的数量 后接名词复数 作主语看作单数 a number of 许多 后接名词复数 作主语看作复数 The number of students in our school is over 2,000 this year. 今年我们学校的学生数量超过2000人。 A number of trees were planted along the street last spring. 去年春天沿街种了许多树。 2 control vt. & n. 控制。常见短语有： be controlled by由……控制；under control处于控制之下、事态可控； out of control失控、失去管理；strictly control严格控制 control的过去式与过去分词都是controlled，注意双写l。 The number of wild animals in this forest _________ (fall) sharply because of human activities since last year. 句意：由于人类活动，这片森林里野生动物的数量已经急剧下降。由since last year可知是现在完成时，主语是the number of，看作三单，助动词用has，fall的过去分词是fallen。故填has fallen。 知识点13 We all have to separate our rubbish now so that more of it can be recycled.我们现在都必须对垃圾进行分类，以便更多垃圾能被回收。 1 separate vt. & vi. (使) 分开；vt. 区分 separate into与separate from separate...into 把一个整体分成若干部分 be separated into different groups可分为不同的组别 separate...from 原本混合/在一起的两类事物分开 separate the good apples from the bad ones把好苹果和坏苹果分开 The river separates the city into two parts: the old town and the new town. 这条河把城市分成两部分：老城区和新城区。 The fence separates our garden from the neighbor's. 那道篱笆把我们的花园和邻居的分开了。 2 so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便、为了”，表示主句动作的目的。 She spoke slowly and clearly so that everyone could understand her speech. 她说得又慢又清楚，以便每个人都能听懂她的演讲。 so that与so...that so that 表目的，“为了……” 从句中常有can / could so...that 表结果，“如此……以至于” so后加形容词或副词 He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word. 他如此生气以至于一句话也没说就离开了房间。 Many companies now allow employees to work from home _______ they can avoid long rush-hour commutes. A.in order B. so that C. as soon as D. because 句意：许多公司现在允许员工在家办公，以便他们能避开漫长的通勤高峰。in order为了；so that 以便、为了；as soon as一……就；because因为。“允许员工在家办公”的目的是“避开漫长的通勤高峰”，此处表示目的，且空格后是从句，应用so that，in order后需加that。故选B。 知识点14 被动语态的判断方法 1. by sb (被.../由...) The cake was made by my mother for my birthday party. 这个蛋糕是我妈妈为我的生日派对做的。 2 及物动词后没有宾语时，需用被动语态 All the windows were cleaned yesterday afternoon. 所有的窗户昨天下午都被擦干净了。（clean“打扫”是及物动词，需接宾语，句中没有，则clean需用被动语态） 3 动宾结构中，宾语变主语，主动需变被动 All students are asked to wear school uniforms when attending school events. 所有学生都被要求参加学校活动时穿校服。（原本是ask all students to wear school uniforms，宾语students变成了主语，需用被动） 4 物作主语时，可能需用被动语态 The letter was sent to the wrong address yesterday. 那封信昨天被寄错了地址。 The students ________ (advise) to review their notes carefully before the final exam. 句意：学生们被建议在期末考试前认真复习笔记。advise sb to do sth是固定结构，此处advise后的宾语students变成了主语，需用被动be advised；时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are advised。 知识点15 被动语态的时态变化 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，根据不同时态，对be动词进行时态变化，过去分词不变 一般现在时 am/is/are done English is spoken by many people all over the world. 一般过去时 was/were done The lost child was found by a kind old man in the park. 一般将来时 will be done am/is/are going to be done A new library will be built in our neighborhood next year. The meeting is going to be held in the main hall tomorrow morning. 现在完成时 have/has been done The new shopping mall has been opened to the public for a week. 含情态动词 must/can/should be done The problem can be solved if we work together as a team. Plastic waste _______ (collect) from the ocean every month to protect sea animals. 句意：塑料垃圾每月从海洋中被收集起来，以保护海洋动物。waste与collect之间是被动关系，且every month表明是一般现在时，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，collect的过去分词是collected。故填is collected。 知识点16 不使用被动的情况 不使用被动的常见情况 系动词 主动形式表被动含义 keep, stay, taste, feel, sound等 不及物动词 不能接宾语，不存在被动语态 take place, happen, break down, appear等 表示物品属性或特征的动词 表示物品属性或特征的动词，无被动语态 sell well, write well, read easily等 The cloth feels soft and smooth, just like real silk. 这块布摸起来柔软光滑，就像真丝一样。 The sports meeting took place last Friday in our school. 运动会上周五在我们学校举行了。 The new pen writes smoothly and is popular among students. 这支新钢笔写起来很流畅，在学生中很受欢迎。 以上情况中，有一些单词一词多义，有无被动需具体判断，例如： keep 系动词“保持”，无被动 实意动词“保存”，有被动 taste 系动词“尝起来”，无被动 实意动词“品尝”，有被动 smell 系动词“闻起来”，无被动 实意动词“闻、嗅”，有被动 finish/start “结束”/”开始”，无被动 “完成”/“启动”，有被动 change “变化”，无被动 “改变”，有被动 grow “增长、成长”，无被动 “种植”，有被动 The special dish was tasted by all the guests at the party. 这道特色菜被派对上的所有客人都品尝了。 The name of the street will be changed next month to honor a famous scientist. 这条街的名字下个月将被更改，以纪念一位著名的科学家。 The plants _______ (grow) well in the warm and sunny weather this spring. 句意：今年春天温暖晴朗的天气里，植物长得很好。此处表示在晴朗温暖天气里生长得好，grow表示“生长”时不需用被动语态，this spring表明是一般现在时，主语是复数，故填grow。 知识点17 sb be made to do sth make 在主动语态中是 make sb do sth（不带 to），但变为被动语态时，to 必须恢复，即 be made to do sth，意为“被迫做某事”。 The workers were made to work for twelve hours a day in the old factory. 工人们在那家旧工厂里被迫每天工作十二个小时。 The students were made _______ (clean) the whole classroom after school as a punishment. 句意：学生们放学后被迫打扫了整个教室，作为惩罚。be made to do sth表示“被迫做某事”，故填to clean。 知识点18 sb be seen to do与sb be seen doing sb be seen to do与sb be seen doing 主动形式 被动形式 适用情况 see sb do sth sb be seen to do 某人被看到做了某事 强调被看到的全过程/事实，常出现一般时态的时间标志 see sb doing sth sb be seen doing 某人被看见正在做某事 强调被看到的动作正在进行，一般有when等表示进行时的标志 类似用法的单词有：hear、notice、watch等 The young man was seen to help an old lady carry her heavy bags home. 那个年轻人被看到帮一位老奶奶把沉重的袋子提回家。 The boy was seen playing basketball on the playground when the rain started. 那个男孩下雨时被看到正在操场上打篮球。 The little girl was heard ________ (sing) a beautiful song at the school talent show last night. 句意：那个小女孩昨晚在学校才艺秀上被听到唱了一首优美的歌。此处“被听到唱歌指的是全过程”，适用be heard to do“听到某人做了某事”，故填to sing。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．（23-24八年级下·江苏镇江·期末）—Was the doctor successful in saving the patient? —Yes. He ________ the morning of June 2, and now he is out of danger. A．was operated B．was operated on C．operated on D．operated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——医生成功地救了病人吗？——是的。他于6月2日上午接受了手术，现已脱离危险。 考查被动语态和介词用法。主语“He”和所给谓语动词operate构成动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据“the morning of June 2”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“was/were done”；“the morning of June 2”是具体某一天的早上，用介词on。故选B。 2．（2025·安徽·模拟预测）—Excuse me, can I park in the street? —I’m sorry. You can park on neither side of the street, or you ________. A．fined B．will fine C．were fined D．will be fined 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我能在这条街上停车吗？——抱歉。这条街的两边都不能停车，否则你会被罚款。 考查动词时态和语态。根据语境，此处是“如果停车，就会被罚款”，表示将来可能发生的被动动作，因此用一般将来时的被动语态will be fined。故选D。 3．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）—Nature is our greatest ________. It is important for us to protect it. —Yes. If humans don’t take action, natural resources will ________ one day. A．resource; give out B．knowledge; put out C．project; carry out D．treasure; run out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大自然是我们最大的财富。保护它对我们来说很重要。——是的。如果人类不采取行动，自然资源总有一天会耗尽。 考查名词辨析和动词短语。resource资源; give out分发；knowledge知识; put out扑灭；project项目; carry out执行；treasure珍宝; run out用完。根据“It is important for us to protect it.”可推知，自然是我们的珍宝，所以我们要保护它；根据“If humans don’t take action, natural resources will...one day.”可知，如果人类不采取行动，自然资源总有一天会耗尽。故选D。 4．（22-23八年级下·江苏南京·期末）The age of 5G is coming. Chinese scientists are trying their best ________ the usage in many fields. A．carrying on B．to carry with C．carrying with D．to carry on with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：5G时代即将到来。中国科学家正在尽全力在许多领域中推进使用。 考查动词短语及非谓语。carrying on表示对某件事情的 “坚持和继续”，动名词形式；to carry with随身携带，不定式； carrying with随身携带，动名词形式；to carry on with表示对某件事情的 “坚持和继续”，不定式。结合语境可知，此处指“继续坚持做……”，try one’s best to do sth.意为 “尽某人最大努力做某事”，应用其不定式。故选D。 5．（24-25九年级上·四川广安·期中）The books written by Lucy ________ at a low price, so they ________ well. A．sell; sell B．are sold; are sold C．are sold; sell D．sell; are sold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Lucy写的书以低价销售，所以它们卖得好。 考查动词的主动和被动形式。根据“The books ... at a low price”可知，是指书被低价销售，用被动语态are sold；根据“well”可知，是指卖得好，用固定短语sell well，为主动语态表被动意义。故选C。 二、单词拼写 6．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）I can’t afford ________ (waste) time on meaningless things, so I always take a book with me. 【答案】to waste 【详解】句意：我经不起在无意义的事情上浪费时间，所以总是随身带一本书。afford to do sth.表示“承担得起做某事”，需接动词不定式。故填to waste。 7．（2026·江苏·模拟预测）Teenage problems should be ________ (deal) with immediately before they get worse. 【答案】dealt 【详解】句意：青少年问题应该在恶化前立即处理。句中主语“Teenage problems”与动词deal with存在被动关系，句子含情态动词should，需用“should be+过去分词”的被动结构，deal的过去分词为dealt，故填dealt。 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏淮安·期末）It’s reported that the high-speed railway station ________ (complete) next year. 【答案】will be completed 【详解】句意：据报道，这座高铁站将于明年完工。根据“next year”可知，此句时态为一般将来时。complete“完成”，动词，与主语“the high-speed railway station”是逻辑上的动宾关系，用一般将来时态的被动语态，结构为“will be done”。complete的过去分词为completed。故填will be completed。 9．（25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期中）Several of his short stories ________ (translate) into many foreign languages since last year. 【答案】have been translated 【详解】句意：自去年以来，他的几篇短篇小说已经被翻译成多种外语。translate“翻译”是动词，根据时间状语“since last year”可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语“stories”是复数名词，是动作的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“have been + 过去分词”。故填have been translated。 10．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）It’s believed the new products ________ (sell) well soon after they appear on the market. 【答案】will sell 【详解】句意：人们相信这些新产品一上市就会很畅销。 sell“卖”，是动词原形。根据soon可知，是一般将来时。动词“sell”在此为不及物用法，表示“卖得好”，主动形式表被动含义，无需被动语态。故填will sell。 11．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）The Jiangyin Half Marathon ______ (hold) on April 13, 2025. 【答案】was held 【详解】句意：江阴半程马拉松于2025年4月13日举行。“The Jiangyin Half Marathon”（江阴半程马拉松）是动作的承受者，与“hold”（举办）之间是被动关系，且时间是“on April 13, 2025”，表示过去的时间，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”；主语“The Jiangyin Half Marathon”是单数，be动词用“was”，“hold”的过去分词是“held”。故填was held。 12．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）You can’t come into this garden until you ______ (allow) to. 【答案】are allowed 【详解】句意：直到你被允许进去，你才能进入这个花园。主语you和动词allow之间是被动关系，句子是until引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用are。故填are allowed。 13．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）Luckily, Mr. Li ________ (send) to the hospital in time yesterday and he’s better now. 【答案】was sent 【详解】句意：幸运的是，李先生昨天及时被送到医院，现在好多了。Mr. Li与send之间是被动关系，李先生被送往医院，故为被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知，时态是一般过去时。一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were done，主语是Mr. Li，be动词用was。故填was sent。 14．（24-25八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）Only time will tell if the treatment has been ________ (success). 【答案】successful 【详解】句意：只有时间才能说明治疗是否成功。success“成功”，名词。此处应用其形容词successful“成功的”，作表语。故填successful。 15．（24-25八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）The old man is seen ________ (walk) slowly along the quiet street every day after breakfast, enjoying the fresh air. 【答案】to walk 【详解】句意：人们看到这位老人每天早饭后沿着安静的街道慢慢散步，享受新鲜空气。根据“the old man”和“seen”可知，此处使用了被动语态“is seen”，“see sb. do sth.”是主动语态的固定搭配，意为“看见某人做某事”。当该结构变为被动语态时，需还原省略的不定式符号“to”，即“be seen to do sth.”。因此其后需接带“to”的不定式“to walk”。故填to walk。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、选词填空 （24-25八年级下·江苏连云港·期末）从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空（每个词或短语只能用一次）。 large; because; set up; lead to; and so on; project; feel like; on time; as a result; make a difference 1．World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international charity to protect plenty of animals and plants. It is one of the world’s protection organizations. 2．WWF on April 29th, 1961, in Gland, Switzerland. 3．It has over 5,000,000 supporters worldwide now. They work together and part of one big family. 4．The organization supports more than 15,000 environmental around the world. 5．The symbol (象征) of WWF is a giant panda it’s one of the animals in danger. 6．Also, WWF is famous for the “Living Planet Report”. It has been published every two years since 1998. 7．So far, these reports have discussed many subjects—the health of Earth, changes in animals’ numbers . 8．Human activities lots of environmental problems already. 9． , we humans should take action to improve the situation. 10．Please remember that everyone can do something . 【答案】 1．largest 2．was set up 3．feel like 4．projects 5．because 6．on time 7．and so on 8．have led to 9．As a result 10．to make a difference 【解析】1．句意：世界自然基金会是一个国际慈善机构，旨在保护众多动植物。它是世界上最大的保护组织之一。根据“to protect plenty of animals and plants”和备选词可知是世界上最大的保护组织之一，large“大的”符合语境，此处用最高级。故填largest。 2．句意：世界自然基金会于1961年4月29日在瑞士格兰德成立。根据“April 29th, 1961, in Gland, Switzerland”可知，是成立时间，set up“成立”，和主语是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是WWF，be动词用was。故填was set up。 3．句意：目前，它在全球拥有500多万支持者。他们一起工作，感觉像是一个大家庭的一部分。根据“work together”可知是一起工作，感觉像是一个大家庭的一部分，feel like“感觉像是”符合语境，句子用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。故填feel like。 4．句意：该组织为全球15000多个环境项目提供支持。根据“more than 15,000 environmental...around the world”可知是环境项目，project“项目”符合语境，用名词复数。故填projects。 5．句意：世界自然基金会的标志是大熊猫，因为它是一种濒危动物。后句是前句的原因，because“因为”符合语境。故填because。 6．句意：此外，世界自然基金会以“地球生命力报告”而闻名。自1998年以来，该报告每两年按时发布。根据“every two years since 1998”可知按时发布，on time“按时”符合语境。故填on time。 7． 句意：到目前为止，这些报告已经讨论了许多主题——地球的健康、动物数量的变化等等。根据“many subjects—the health of Earth, changes in animals’ numbers...”可知是列举，and so on“等等”符合语境。故填and so on。 8．句意：人类活动已经导致了许多环境问题。根据“lots of environmental problems already”可知是人类活动已经导致了许多环境问题，lead to“导致”，此处描述过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填 have led to。 9．句意：因此，我们人类应该采取行动来改善这种情况。根据“we humans should take action to improve the situation”可知此处是结果，as a result“因此”符合语境。故填 As a result。 10．句意：请记住，每个人都可以有所作为。根据“everyone can do something”可知每个人都可以做一些事情来产生影响，make a difference“有影响”符合语境，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make a difference。 二、阅读理解 （24-25八年级下·江苏·期末）Have you ever heard of upcycling? It is a way of turning old or unnecessary things into something useful and often beautiful. Is it the same as recycling? Recycling usually takes old things, like paper and glass, and breaks them down to make a new product (产品). When you upcycle an item, you are probably doing something different. You can just refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. Also, the upcycled item is usually of the same, or even better quality. Upcycling isn’t a new idea. Some of the best examples of modern-day upcycling come from the old times. In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were not useful any more. Upcycling is a way of life. Things shouldn’t be just thrown away when they can-be saved and turned into something useful. It’s clear that upcycling is greener. Upcycling only needs your own ideas and work, but recycling needs energy or water to break down things. Grace, a young woman from the UK, takes used tea bags and turns them into dresses, shoes and even hats. Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them. When they’re dry, she takes the tea out and puts the bags together to make an item of clothing. This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks. Making items from old things or buying upcycled products? Both are great for the environment and give you cool and useful things. Give it a try! 11．What does the underlined word “refashion” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Recycling useless things. B．Reusing things directly. C．Repairing broken things. D．Repurposing for a new use. 12．How is upcycling different from recycling? A．Upcycling is a greener way of life. B．Upcycling is more useful. C．Upcycling needs more energy. D．Upcycling is new to the world. 13．How did people in the past use things? A．They used things once, then threw them away. B．They reused things until they were useless. C．They only used expensive things. D．They always bought new things. 14．What can we learn from Grace’s story about upcycling? A．Only skilled people can do it. B．It needs new ideas and takes time. C．It is simpler than recycling. D．It needs some special tools. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To tell people the past and future of upcycling. B．To introduce the history of upcycling. C．To spread the habit of upcycling in the daily life. D．To make people know the importance of recycling. 【答案】11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文介绍了升级改造的概念、历史、环保优势，并举例说明。 11．词句猜测题。根据“You can just refashion it. For example, you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt.”可知，升级改造是直接改造物品用途，如将旧T恤改造成包，因此划线词指的是“为新的用途而重新利用”。故选D。 12．细节理解题。根据“Upcycling only needs your own ideas and work, but recycling needs energy or water to break down things.”可知，升级改造仅需创意和手工，而回收需消耗能源或者水来分解物品，因此升级回收是一种更环保的生活方式。故选A。 13．细节理解题。根据“In those days, things were repurposed over and over until they were not useful any more.”可知，过去人们会将物品反复改造直至完全无用，故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据“Every day she drinks some tea, then dries out the tea bags with the tea still in them…This can take a long time, but Grace has made lots of artworks.”可知，Grace每天收集茶包并干燥，耗时但成果丰富，“需创意且耗时”准确概括了其核心特点。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了升级改造的概念、历史、环保优势，并举例说明，最终呼吁人们“尝试升级改造”，选项C“推广该生活习惯”是核心目的。故选C。 三、阅读还原 （24-25八年级下·江苏宿迁·期末）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The earth is our home; we must take care of it. This means keeping the land, air and water clean. Pollution is a “dirty word”. To pollute means to make things unfit (不合适的) or unclean to use. 16 We see it, smell it, taste it and drink it. Pollution is beginning to threaten (威胁) our health, our happiness and our life. Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made a fire, washed his clothes in the river and threw his waste on the ground. 17 At first the problem was not so serious because there was plenty of clean air, land and water. 18 All the dirty things could be absorbed (吸收) by nature and soon be covered over. But this is no longer true. The increase of the population and the development of industry have changed that. Man is slowly polluting his environment. Through the use of poison (毒药), man has polluted land and killed the animals. By putting dirty water and chemicals into rivers and lakes, we have polluted our drinking water, killing the fish. 19 More people, more waste. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a big rubbish dump, or is there any hope that we can get rid of pollution? 20 A large number of people are now working hard to bring pollution under control. A．There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. B．Pollution comes in many ways. C．Our increasing population is part of the problem. D．Man couldn’t probably live on the earth. E．When land was used up or water became dirty, man moved to another place. F．Luckily, millions of people have been warned of the danger of pollution. G．There will be more and more people in the world. 【答案】16．B 17．E 18．A 19．C 20．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了环境污染的现状、历史原因及其对人类的影响，并指出人们正在努力控制污染。 16．根据“Pollution is a ‘dirty word’…We see it, smell it, taste it and drink it.”可知，污染以多种形式存在，选项B“污染来自很多方面。”符合语境。故选B。 17．根据“Man has been polluting the earth from the time he first made a fire, washed his clothes in the river and threw his waste on the ground…At first the problem was not so serious because there was plenty of clean air, land and water.”可知，有充足的清洁空气、土地和水供人类使用，选项E“当土地用光或水变脏时，人类就会搬到另一个地方。”符合语境。故选E。 18．根据“But this is no longer true. The increase of the population and the development of industry have changed that.”可知，此处应是与人口少的情况有关，选项A“当时没有那么多人，他们的需求也更少了。”符合语境。故选A。 19．根据“More people, more waste.”可知，人口增长是污染问题的一部分，选项C“我们不断增长的人口是问题的一部分。”符合语境。故选C。 20．根据“A large number of people are now working hard to bring pollution under control.”可知，作者对治理污染持乐观态度，选项F“幸运的是，数百万人已经被警告过污染的危险。”符合语境。故选F。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） （24-25八年级下·江苏盐城·期末） In her grandparents’ house, Meg found an old family calendar (日历), with each page filled out carefully. On June 6, 1892: “Helped Mr. Thompson repair his house.” On November 14, 1907: “Volunteered my time at an old people’s home.” “That is the tradition (传统) of our family.” her grandmother explained. “Every day, for generations (一代代), we complete one kind act and write it down, no matter how small it is.” Meg was interested. “Why?” Her grandmother smiled, “We believe that through continuous kind actions, we can create a life of purpose. Every day, we find a moment of light by offering help to others, even when the world around us is dark.” With respect, Meg decided to keep the tradition. Every night, she recorded her act for the day. As years went by, Meg’s kind acts grew, from helping a stranger on the road to organizing community clean-ups. One day, as she sat in a restaurant, a young woman came to her. “Excuse me, are you Meg?” she asked. Meg nodded, feeling confused (困惑的). The woman went on, “Years ago, you taught me for free when my family couldn’t afford lessons. Because of you, I went to college. Today I run an organization providing help for poor students.” Meg realized her actions were creating ripples in ways she had never thought of. Soon the calendar became a community legend (传奇). The town even started a “Calendar Day”, wishing everyone to do good. When Meg was old, she often sat with her grandchildren, turning the filled pages. One day, her grandchild, Sophie, looked up from the calendar. “I want to continue this, Grandma.” Meg handed the calendar over. She knew the tradition would live on. Years after Meg died, the town built a statue (雕像) to remember her, with the words on its base: In memory of Meg and the generations before her who believed in the power of everyday kindness. 1．What was Meg’s family tradition? A．Taking pictures every day. B．Doing and recording a kind act daily. C．Visiting old people’s homes. D．Organizing the community clean-ups. 2．What might the word “ripples” in the passage stand for? A．Volunteers’ jobs at a college. B．The pages of the calendar. C．Series of others’ good acts caused by Meg. D．The organizations for poor students. 3．Why did Sophie want to continue the tradition? A．She had to write a book about her family. B．She liked the stories in the old town. C．She saw the power of kindness from Meg. D．She wanted to collect the old calendars. 4．What did the town do to remember Meg? A．They built a calendar museum. B．They named a street after her. C．They started a “Kindness Day”. D．They built a statue in memory of her. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Power of Small Daily Kind Acts B．An Introduction to an Old Family Photo C．The Way to Organize Community Activities D．The Importance of Learning from Grandparents 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了Meg家世代日行一善的行为，向人们展示了善举的力量。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Every day, for generations (一代代), we complete one kind act and write it down, no matter how small it is”可知，Meg一家的传统是日行一善并记下。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文中Meg帮助过的年轻女性后来成立组织帮助贫困学生，体现了善举的连锁反应。选项中“Series of others’ good acts”符合“善举引发他人善举”的含义。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“One day, her grandchild, Sophie looked up from the calendar.”可知，Sophie通过Meg的日历见证了善举的影响力（如年轻女性的故事），因此想延续传统。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Years after Meg died, the town built a statue (雕像) to remember her, with the words on its base: In memory of Meg and the generations before her who believed in the power of everyday kindness.”可知，建立一座雕塑纪念Meg。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章围绕“每日小善举”展开，从Meg家族传统到影响整个小镇，强调善举的力量。选项A“每日小善举的力量”符合文章主题。故选A。 1/1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $