专题02 Units 4～6（期末复习讲义）八年级英语下学期新教材外研版

专题01 Units 4~6（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 Unit 4 Helping out 复习目标 通过本单元复习，学生能够： 识记并运用 40 个左右与志愿服务、慈善公益相关的核心词汇及其变形； 正确使用提供帮助、提出建议的表达方式，动词不定式（to do）以及情态动词用法 ； 读懂关于志愿服务、社区帮助的记叙文或倡议书，理解帮助他人带来的意义； 写出一篇 80—100 词的短文（如“A Voluntary Experience”或“How to Help Others”），做到内容真实、情感真挚、语言正确。 考情规律 考情规律总结表 考查板块 侧重考点 常见题型 难度 词汇运用 raise/rise;offer/provide/supply；attend/join/take part in；grateful/thankful 单选、完形、语法填空 ★★★☆ 短语搭配 help out；raise money for；donate...to；provide sb. with sth.；in need；the + adj. 短语填空、选词填空 ★★★ 词形变换 donate→donation;serve→service;organise→organisation；homeless/disabled/elderly 语法填空 ★★★ 句型转换 主动↔被动；provide结构转换；because/because of；so that↔to do；感叹句 句型转换、合并句子 ★★★★ 翻译 提供帮助的表达；呼吁行动的句式；描述志愿活动的句子 中译英、完成句子 ★★★★ 知识点1：provide v.提供，供给 provide sth. for sb.=________________________________ The community centre provides free meals for elderly people.社区中心为老年人提供免费餐食。 知识点2：throw v.扔,投掷 throw away sth.=________________________ Don't throw away those old clothes;we can donate them.别扔掉那些旧衣服，我们可以捐出去。 知识点3：afford v.买得起，承担得起 ___________________________买不起某物 can't afford to do sth. The company can't afford to hire more staff this year due to budget cuts. 由于预算削减，公司今年负担不起雇佣更多员工。 知识点4：born adj.出生的，天生的 ·be born with/ without+特征/疾病天生就有/没有 He was born with a talent for music.他天生就有音乐天赋。 知识点5：disappointment n.失望，沮丧 to one's disappointment令某人失望的是 To my disappointment, the concert was canceled.令我失望的是，这场音乐会被取消了。 知识点6：treatment n.治疗；疗法 [treat] v. ①治疗；医治 treat sb. for sth. The doctor treated her for a fever.医生给她治疗发烧。 ②对待；看待 ____________________对待某人… We should treat everyone as equal.我们应该平等对待每个人。 ③ 款待；请客 treat sb. to sth.请某人吃 I'll treat you to dinner tonight.今晚我请你吃饭。 知识点7：plan v.计划;打算n.计划 _________________________计划做某事 We plan to have a picnic this weekend if the weather is good.如果天气好，我们计划这周末 去野餐。 知识点8：chore n.日常家务；琐事 _________________________（做家务） I usually do chores like sweeping the floor and washing dishes after dinner. 晚饭后我通常会做些家务，比如扫地和洗碗。 知识点9：[her pocket money was only enough…] 拓展 ①核心句型:主语+be+形容词+enough+for sth.某物/某人在某方面足够… His English is good enough for a basic conversation.他的英语水平足够进行基础对话。· 注意:enough 要放在形容词的后面，这是和中文语序不同的地方。 ②反义句式 如果想表达“不够…”，可以用： 主语+be +not+形容词+ enough + for sth. The time is not enough for us to finish the task. 时间不够我们完成这项任务。 知识点10：out of the blue出乎意料地；突然 The news came out of the blue and surprised everyone.这个消息来得很突然，让所有人都很惊讶。 知识点11：connect v.连接；联系；关联 Connect A with B/connect with sb. People often connect red with good luck in China.在中国，人们常把红色和好运联系在一起。 ________________________ 与…有关联 The accident is connected with his careless driving.这场事故和他的粗心驾驶有关。 connection n.连接；联系 connected adj.连接的；有联系的 知识点12：mention v./n.提到；说起；提及 ①动词搭配 ___________________________（向某人）提及某事 He mentioned his new job to me yesterday.他昨天跟我提了他的新工作。 mention doing sth.提到做某事 She mentioned having visited the hospital before.她提到以前来过这家医院。 __________________________更不必说；除了…之外（用来补充说明） The activity was fun not to mention educational.这个活动很有趣，更不用说还很有教育意义。 ②名词搭配 make mention of sth.提及某事 The report made no mention of the accident. 这份报告没有提及那次事故。 a mention of sth.一次提及 I was surprised by the mention of her name in the speech.演讲中提及她的名字，我很惊讶 ③拓展用法 don't mention it-回应感谢的常用表达，意为"不客气；别客气” 知识点13：in danger 处于危险中 反义短语：___________________________脱离危险 After a successful operation, the injured panda is now out of danger.经过一场成功的手术，受伤的熊猫现在已经脱离危险了。 知识点14：shut down关闭;停业 Food problems shut down animal hospitals.食物问题导致动物医院关闭。 [call for]需要；呼吁 ①call for help 寻求帮助 Local animal hospitals call for help.当地的动物医院寻求帮助。 初物是我们亲密的朋友, 它们也需要我们的帮助。 ②call for action（呼吁行动） The environmental group called for action to reduce plastic waste in the ocean.这个环保组织呼吁采取行动，减少海洋中的塑料垃圾。 知识点15：[not only..but also.]拓展 ①意为：不仅…而且…，用来连接两个并列的成分，强调后者。 可以连接名词、动词、形容词、短语或句子。 连接句子时，not only放在句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。 Not only does he love animals, but he also works hard to protect them.他不仅喜爱动物，还努力保护它们。 ②注意事项 主谓一致：not only...but also...连接主语时，谓语动词要和靠近它的那个主语保持一致 （就近原则） Not only I but also my friends are going to the animal shelter.不仅我，我的朋友们也打算去动物收容所。 知识点16：[goal]n.目标;目的_ ___________________ 实现目标 ______________________设定目标 [chance]n.机会；可能性 ___________________________有机会做某事 You have a chance to learn how to take care of pets. 你有机会学习照顾宠物的方法。· 知识点17：shock v.使震惊/n.震惊 ______________________________震惊地做某事 We were shocked to see how many homeless animals were living on the street. 看到街上有这么多流浪动物，我们感到很震惊。 知识点18：[make up one's mind ]下定决心 She made up her mind to learn English well.她下定决心要把英语学好。 知识点19：[graduate]v.毕业 _________________________从…毕业 My sister graduated from high school last summer.我姐姐去年夏天高中毕业。 知识点20：against 拓展 prep. ①反对/违背 She is against this decision.她反对这个决定。 ②靠着/倚着 He stood against the door.他靠着门站着。 ③对抗/对阵 We play against Class I tomorrow 我们明天对阵一班。 固定搭配 ①race against time 与时间赛跑 They raced against time to finish homework. 他们争分夺秒赶作业。 ②go against 违背/不利于小红书回菲菲老师英语世界。 This rule goes against his will.这条规定违背了他的意愿。 ③protect…against…保护…免受… Wear a coat to protect against the cold.穿外套御寒。 ④be against doing sth. 反对做某事 I'm against staying up late. 我反对熬夜。_ ⑤fight against 对抗/抗争 He fought against the bad habit. 他对抗这个坏习惯。 知识点21：[mean] ①v.意思是；打算 mean to do sth.打算做某事 I mean to finish homework first.我打算先写完作业。 意味着 Hard work means good grades.努力学习意味着好成绩。 ②adj.吝青的 Don't be so mean-share your pencils with your desk mate.别这么小气，把铅笔分给同桌用。 知识点22：[imagine]v.想象；设想小红书罪菲的 imagine doing sth.想象做某事 I can't imagine living alone.我没法想象独自生活。 知识点23：It was time for me to offer mine.]拓展 ①核心句式：It is/was time for sb. to do sth.到某人该做某事的时候了” It is time for us to start the class. 我们该上课了。 It was time for her to leave the office. 到她该下班的时候了。 [jump to one's feet]立刻站起来；猛地起身 I jumped to my feet and rushed outside.我猛地站起来，冲了出去。 Unit 5 Looking into nature 复习目标 通过本单元复习，学生能够： 识记并运用 30 个左右与自然探索、科学研究相关的核心词汇及其变形； 正确运用 宾语从句（that / if / whether）表达认识、观点和疑问； 读懂 关于自然奥秘、科学家探索故事的记叙文，理解探索精神与自然之美； 写出一篇 80—100 词的短文（如“A Nature Explorer I Admire”或“The Beauty of Nature”），做到内容完整、结构清晰、语言正确。 考情规律 考情规律总结表 考查板块 侧重考点 常见题型 难度 词汇运用 discover/invent；hardly/hard；amazed/amazing；curious/strange 单选、完形、语法填空 ★★★☆ 短语搭配 thanks to；belong to；carry on；fall ill；lose one’s sight；put effort into 短语填空、选词填空 ★★★ 词形变换 discover→discovery；nature→natural；curious→curiosity；strong→strength 语法填空 ★★★ 句型转换 直接引语↔间接引语（宾语从句）；if/whether；because/because of；though/but；the more... the more... 句型转换、合并句子 ★★★★ 翻译 本单元核心短语与句型（belong to, thanks to, carry on） 中译英、完成句子 ★★★★ 知识点1：prove v.证明、证实 ①prove + that 从句：直接证明一个事实 The amber proved that dinosaurs had feathers.这块琥珀证明恐龙长有羽毛。 ②prove + 宾语+(to be)+ adj./n证明某人/某物是··… Her actions proved (to be) correct.她的行动被证明是正确的 ③It proves that.... 这证明了… It proves that small changes can make a big difference.这证明微小的改变也能带来自大影响。 知识点2：proof n.证据、证明 ____________________作为…的证据 He showed me the contract in proof of his agreement.他给我看了合同，作为他同意的证据。 知识点3：With an angry cry..]拓展伴随状态 ①核心结构：With+a/an+形容词+名词，+主句 作用：给主句的动作增添画面感，让描述更生动。 ②拓展用法 1.描述声音/情绪 With a loud laugh he told us the funny story. 他大笑着给我们讲了这个有趣的故事。 2.描述动作/状态 With a wave of his hand, he said goodbye.他挥了挥手，说了再见 3.描述工具/方式 With a Knife, he cut the cake into pieces.他用一把刀把蛋糕切成了小块。 知识点4：used to do sth.过去常常做某事 Scientists used to believe that.科学家过去是那样认为的。 ________________________习惯做某事，to是介词，后接动名词 She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起。 _______________________被用来做某事（被动） Wood is used to make desks.木头被用来做桌子 知识点5：belief n.观点；看法；信念 不可数（表抽象"相信；信念”) My belief in him never changed.我对他的信任从未变过。 可数（表具体”观点；看法；信仰”，复数beliefs) Different cultures have different beliefs.不同文化有不同信仰。 __________________投入精力/努力做…… Scientists put effort into amber research.科学家潜心研究琥珀。 知识点6：likely adj.可能的 most likely 最可能 We're most likely to find amber in ancient forests.我们极有可能在远古森林里发现琥珀。 知识点7：style n.风格；方式（可数，复数styles） ①in style流行的、时髦的；有格调地 This dress is still in style.这条裙子还很时髦。 ______________________过时的、不流行的 That hairstyle is out of style now.那种发型现在过时了。 ③__________________ 变得过时 Jeans never go out of style.牛仔裤永不过时。 知识点8：method n.方法 a method for/of (doing) sth.做某事的方法 We need a better method for solving this problem.我们需要一个更好的解决这个问题的方法。 ________________________做某事的方法 This is a simple method to improve grades.这是提升成绩的简单方法。 知识点9：[argument]n.论点;论据 可数名词（复数arguments） argue v.争论；主张 _________________________与某人争论/争辩 Don't argue with your classmates over small things.别为小事和同学争论。 _________________________ 就某事争论 They argued about the origin of the species.他们就这个物种的起源争论不休 知识点10：awaken v.过去式/过去分词awakened, 现在分词awakening ①v.唤醒；使醒来 The sound of birds awakened her early in the morning.清晨，鸟鸣声把她唤醒了。 ②使意识到；唤起情感记忆等 This book awakened my interest in nature exploration.这本书唤起了我对自然探索的兴趣。 知识点11：wonder ①v.想知道（最常用）常接 if/whether/wh- 从句) I wonder if whales are really singing when they make those sounds. 我想知道鲸鱼发出那些声音时，是不是真的在唱歌。 ②v.感到惊讶；惊叹 We wondered at the beauty of the rainforest.我们对雨林的美景感到惊叹。 ③n.奇迹；奇观（可数） The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders of the world. 大堡礁是世界自然奇观之一 ④n.惊叹;惊奇 He looked at the ancient fossil in wonder.他惊奇地看着这块古老的化石。 wonderful adj.精彩绝伦的 知识点12：opinion n.看法、观点、主张 ①_____________________依某人看（最常用） In my opinion, natural exploration needs courage.依我看，自然探索需要勇气， ② ____________________发表看法 She gave her opinion on the new discovery.她就这项新发现发表了看法。 ③_____________________征求某人意见 We can ask for our teacher's opinion.我们可以征求老师的意见。 知识点13：possible adj.可能的；可实现的 It's possible that… It's possible that the volcano will erupt again.这座火山有可能再次喷发。 __________________ adv.可能地 He will possibly come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。 __________________ n.可能性 There is a possibility of rain.有可能下雨。 知识点14：chemical ①adj.化学的 Burning wood is a chemical change燃烧木材是一种化学变化。 ②n.化学物质 Don't mix these chemicals together.别把这些化学品混在一起。 知识点15：[chemistry J n.化学 I like chemistry best.我最喜欢化学。 [chemist]n.化学家；药剂师 The chemist found a new material.这位化学家发现了一种新材料。 知识点16：curious adj.好奇的 ①________________________对…好奇 Babies are curious about everything around them.婴儿对周遭一切都好奇 ②_____________________好奇地想做某事 I'm curious to know what she'll say.我好奇她会说什么。 ③curious + that从句 很奇怪… It's curious that he didn't call back.他没回电话，真奇怪。 [curiosity]n.好奇心；奇物 Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇害死猫。 知识点17：[present]n.礼物/v.提出；呈现/adj.目前的 _____________________给某人呈现/提供某物 The old house presents visitors with a sense of warmth.这座老房子给来访者带来温暖。 知识点18：get interested in对…产生兴趣 Many students get interested in astronomy after watching space documentaries. 很多学生在看完太空纪录片后，对天文学产生了兴趣。 be interested in（表状态） become interested in（表动作） take one's interest all the way to把兴趣贯彻到…（强调将兴趣坚持到底） He took his interest in plants all the way to becoming a famous botanist. 他将对植物的兴趣坚持到底成为了一名知名植物学家。 知识点19：carry on one's research开展/进行某人的研究 To carry on his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. 为了开展研究，他在深山老林里待了数年。 Once he fell seriously ill while doing fieldwork in Yunnan拓展 ①核心句型：while+现在分词，时间状语省略形式 ②前提：主句/从句主语一致，从句有be动词，才能省主语tbe ③含义：主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行 ④还原公式：while doing=while+王语+was/were+doing 知识点20：[So did Professor Wang] 拓展 ①句型:sot助动词+主语(倒装句，表“某人也一样”) ②含义：王教授也如此(承接前文动作，前文肯定，后文表同样情况) ③结构拆解 So:如此、也 did:助动词(前文谓语是实义动词过去式,用did;现在时用do/does,be动词用be)·professor Wang: 主语(放助动词后，倒装) ④课本语境逻辑(必懂) 前文一定有个肯定句(比如He loved plants very much.),用这句话衔接 →So did Professor Wang.(王教授也热爱植物) ⑤易错提醒 错误写法：So professor Wang did.(这是“确实如此”，表强调，主语和前文同一人) 正确写法：A:Prof.Wang loved plants.B:So he did.(A:王教授爱植物B:他确实如此) Unit 6 Living with nature 复习目标 通过本单元复习，学生能够： 识记并运用 40 个左右与自然、环保、乡村生活相关的核心词汇及其变形； 正确使用 动词不定式（to do）作目的状语，以及情态动词（should / must）表达环保建议与义务； 读懂 关于自然环境、生态保护、乡村生活的记叙文或倡议书，理解人与自然和谐共生的重要性； 写出一篇 80—100 词的短文（如“My Favourite Natural Place”或“How to Protect the Environment”），做到内容具体、语言正确、呼吁有力。 考情规律 考情规律总结表 考查板块 侧重考点 常见题型 难度 词汇运用 destroy/damage/ruin；protect/prevent；reduce/decrease；harmful/harmless；countryside/village 单选、完形、语法填空 ★★★☆ 短语搭配 depend on；live in harmony with；be harmful to；protect...from；make a difference；the + adj. 短语填空、选词填空 ★★★ 词形变换 nature→natural；harmony→harmonious；environment→environmental；pollute→pollution 语法填空 ★★★ 句型转换 不定式↔so that；because/because of；so...that↔enough to；not only...but also倒装；祈使句+and/or 句型转换、合并句子 ★★★★ 翻译 本单元核心短语与句型（in harmony with, depend on, make a difference, protect...from） 中译英、完成句子 ★★★★ 知识点1：popular adj.受欢迎的；流行的；普遍的 ①________________________受某人欢迎 This TV show is popular with both kids and adults. 这个电视节目很受孩子和成年人的欢迎。 ②__________________________.在某地流行 Street food is popular in many Asian countries.街头小吃在很多亚洲国家都很流行。 ③____________________.因某事/物而受欢迎 The city is popular for its beautiful beaches.这座城市因美丽的海滩而闻名。 知识点2：guide v.指导/n.导游 guide sb. in/through sth.指导某人做某事 The teacher guided us in doing the experiment.老师指导我们做实验。 知识点3：follow v.跟随；遵循 ①_______________________跟着某人做某事 The old farmer followed his grandpa to plant crops in the field.那个老农跟着爷爷去田里种庄稼。②follow up on sth.跟进某事 We need to follow up on the research about the relation between crops and Solar Terms. 我们需要跟进关于农作物与节气关联的研究。 知识点4：long v.渴望;adj.长的 ①_____________________渴望某物 近义短语：be thirsty for She longs for more knowledge about natural exploration. 她渴望更多自然探索相关的知识。 ②_____________________.渴望做某事 I long to learn more about the 24 Solar Terms.我渴望了解更多二十四节气的知识。 知识点5：expert n.专家/adj.专业的 an expert in/on/at sth.某方面的专家 She is an expert in the 24 Solar Terms.她是二十四节气方面的专家。 expert advice/knowledge专业建议/知识 We need expert advice on farming.我们需要关于农事的专业建议。 知识点6：especially adv.尤其、特别 especially when/if尤其当…时 I love the countryside, especially when the crops are growing.我喜欢乡村，尤其是庄稼生长的时候。 知识点7：help sb. do sth帮助某人做某事 ______________________在某事上帮助某人 The 24 Solar Terms help farmers with their planting time.二十四节气帮助农民确定播种时间。 ____________________.忍不住做某事 She can't help feeling excited when a new term begins.每当新节气开始，她都忍不住感到兴奋。 知识点8：bear动词(过去式bore, 过去分词 borne/born) ①承载、具有 bear the responsibility（承担责任） Scientists bear the responsibility to protect endangered plant species. 科学家们肩负着保护濒危植物物种的责任。 ②忍受、承受 He bore the pain and kept working on plant research. 他忍着病痛,继续做植物研究 ③生育、出生（仅用被动be born） He was born in a small village.他出生在一个小村庄。 ④bear in mind 牢记 知识点9：curious adj.好奇的 ①___________________________对…好奇 Babies are curious about everything around them.婴儿对周遭一切都好奇。 ②_______________________.好奇地想做某事 I'm curious to know what she'll say.我好奇她会说什么。 ③curious + that从句很奇怪… It's curious that he didn't call back.他没回电话，真奇怪。 __________________n.好奇心；奇物 Curiosity killed the cat.好奇害死猫。 知识点10：check v.检查；查看 check sth. carefully仔细检查 Before going hiking, we should check the weather forecast carefully.去徒步之前，我们应该仔细查看天气预报。 ________________登记入住 __________________办理退房 作名词，检查、账单 知识点11：provide v.提供；供应 ____________________为某人提供某物 The solar park provides electricity for thousands of people.这个太阳能公国为数千人提供电力。 ___________________向某人提供某物 The government will provide local villages with clean energy.政府将为当地村庄提供清洁 能源。 知识点12：cover v.覆盖；占地面积；包含 _________________用某物覆盖某物 The ground is covered with solar panels.地面被太阳能电地板覆盖。 知识点13：resource n.资源;财力 _________________________ 自然资源 __________________能源 知识点14：amazing adj.令人惊叹的；了不起的 ___________________令人惊讶的是…… It's amazing that the desert has become a green garden.令人惊讶的是，这片沙漠变成了绿色花园。 an amazing achievement一项了不起的成就 Building the solar park is an amazing achievement.建造这个太阳能公园是一项了不起的成就。 知识点15：survive v.生存；幸存 __________________.靠某物存活 The local people survive on water from the karez system.当地人依靠坎儿井系统的水存活。 survival n.生存；幸存 知识点16：protect v.保护;防护 _______________________保护…免受… We need to protect the Karez system from damage.我们需要保护坎儿井系统免受破坏。 protect the environment保护环境 It's important to protect the local desert environment.保护当地的沙漠环境很重要。 知识点17：crazy adj.疯狂的；荒唐的 _____________________对……痴迷;热衷 Many tourists are crazy about visiting the Flaming Mountains.许多游客痴迷于游览火焰山。 go crazy 发疯；失控 You'll go crazy if you stay in the hot desert for too long.如果你在炎热的沙漠里待太久，会受不了的。 Units4-6语法突破 情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 may/might 表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂ May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？ 表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉 —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。 用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 【知识拓展】 1. may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.；否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。 —Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不，不可以。 2. 用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，maynot/might not意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。 The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。 It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。 must 表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 【知识拓展】 1. must的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ...must.；否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to. —Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。 2. must和have to的区别： ①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。 ②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 will 表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂ If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们，我们将不胜感激。 用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等 Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗? 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，多用于现在时，常译为＂总是＂ Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。 would 作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂ He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉 Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? 【知识拓展】 would like意为＂愿意，想要＂；would like/love to do sth 意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂；would like sb to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？ Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗？ I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见 Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’ Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着，可以让他进来吗，先生? 用于第二、三人称陈述句时，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等 Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂ need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 【知识拓展】 need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ... must.；否定回答为No, ... needn’t. —Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗? —Yes, he must. 是的，他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不，他不需要。 have to 表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。 情态动词与相关易混点辨析 1. can 和 be able to can 表示“能力;许可”,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to表示“经过努力而能够做某事”,可用于多种时态。 He can swim.他会游泳。 He was able to swim across the English Channel last week.上周他成功地游过了英吉利海峡。 2. must 和 have to must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;have to 侧重于客观上的需要。 I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。 I have to wait until the rain stops.我不得不等到雨停。 3.can 与may 表示可能性时 (1)肯定句中用 may 表示可能。 You'd better ask the monitorHe may know.你最好问班长，他可能知道。 (2)在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can't; 若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用 may not. Mr.Li can't be in.He has gone to Beijing for a meeting.李先生不可能在家，他去北京开会了。 4. may be 和 maybe may be 中的may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，在句中作谓语;maybe为副词，意为“大概,也许”,相当于 perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。 He may be right.他可能是对的。 Maybe he is right.也许他是对的。 He may know the news.他也许知道这个消息。 Maybe he knows the news.也许他知道这个消息。 5. can’t 和 mustn’t 表示否定推测时应用can’t。mustn't意为“禁止,不允许”,不用来表推测,在肯定句 中可用 must 表推测,意为“一定”。 考点专练 1．—Is that Li Xiang playing the guitar in the classroom? —No, it _________ be him. He has gone to the lab. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t 2．You ________ go out until you recite this short conversation. A．can B．can’t C．will D．could 3．—There is a sign saying “No plastic bags” at the gate of the market. —Then shoppers ________ bring cloth bags or baskets with them. A．needn’t B．may not C．should D．can’t 4．—Dad, I helped our neighbor find his lost cat this morning. —Well done! We ________ offer help to others in need. A．should B．would C．shouldn’t D．wouldn’t 5．You ________ talk loudly in the library. A．need B．must C．needn’t D．mustn’t 6．—Sorry, Mr. Li. I left my homework at home. Must I hand it in today? —No, you ________. You ________ bring it here tomorrow. A．mustn’t; should B．needn’t; can C．mustn’t; may D．mustn’t; can 7．Grandfather is sleeping. You ________ keep your voice down. A．can’t B．can C．should D．shouldn’t 8．—________ the students hand in their reports today? —No, they needn’t. A．Must B．Might C．Could D．Should 9．—Must I practice the piano before dinner? —No, you ________. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t 10．The sky is getting darker. It ________ rain soon. You’d better take an umbrella. A．must B．should C．might D．need 11．The 5G technology is developing so fast that doctors ________ treat patients in faraway places. A．can B．should C．must D．need 12．According to the new “Health First” policy, students ________ have at least one hour of outdoor activities every school day. A．can B．may C．must D．could 13．—Must I return the book today?   —No, you ________. You can keep it till next Friday. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 14．—When did your father go out? —I’m not sure, but he ________ go too far. His tea is still hot. A．can’t B．must C．might D．should 15．—Mom, can I go to the cinema with my classmates this Saturday evening? —Yes, of course. But you ________ finish your homework first. A．can B．must C．might D．would 宾语从句 　宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的三要素为：语序、时态和连接词。 1.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如： 2.宾语从句的时态 （1）需要性原则：主句现在时，从句时态视客观需要而定。如：Can you tell me what he did yesterday？ （2）呼应性原则：主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。 如：Kate said she was reading a newspaper at this time yesterday. （3）特殊性原则：表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：Mom told me that the earth goes around the sun. （助记：主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永不变） 3.宾语从句的连接词 连接词 意义及例句 从属连词that 无实际意义，可以省略：He says （that） his father has gone abroad. 从属连词whether/if “是否”，不可省略：He asked me whether I would stay there for another two days. 连接代词（what/which/who/whose/whom等） 在从句中作一定的成分（主语、宾语、定语等）：He asked me whose coat it was. 连接副词（when/where/why/how） 在从句中作状语：She doesn’t know when she should go there.＝She doesn’t know when to go there. 【拓展】 “疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，用于该结构的疑问词有how， when， what， where， which等。如：I don’t know where to go. 我不知道要去哪里。 一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如： The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not. I don’t know whether he will win or not.  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。 ①带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句 When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？ → Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？ → I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。 What should I do? 我该怎么办？ → Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？ → Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。 Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？ → Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？ → I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。 ②带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。 Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？ → Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？ → I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。 What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？ → Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？ → I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。 注意： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was the matter. 考点专练 1．There are ups and downs in life, and we should think about ________ we learn from them. A．why B．what C．which D．where —It was exciting. Huai’an beat Suzhou by 1-0 on May 2. A．what was the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an like B．how was the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an C．what the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an was like D．how the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an was like 3．I want to go to the Dali ancient city. Could you tell me ________? A．how do I get there B．how I went there C．which bus can I take to get there D．which bus I can take to get there 4．I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________ here, I will tell you. A．comes; will arrive B．will come; will arrive C．comes; arrives D．will come; arrives 5．— Judy, I wonder ________. — I will go to Nianhua Bay with my family. A．how you planned your holiday B．what you will do for the holiday C．how did you plan your holiday D．what will you do for the holiday 6．I asked you ________ next. A．what shall we do B．we should do what C．what should we do D．what we should do 7．—Did you watch the Min Super League match last weekend? —Come and see my photos. They will show you ________. A．how exciting the match was B．why I like football C．when the season started 8．—I wonder ________ or not. —It depends. If the weather is fine, we will have a city walk. A．when we will have a city walk B．when will we have a city walk C．whether we will have a city walk D．whether will we have a city walk 9．—Could you imagine ________ in the future? —OK. Maybe we can travel by floating car. A．what life will be like B．if everyone will own a robot C．how we will contact others D．where we can park cars easily 10．—Doubao is very popular these days. I wonder ________. —I’m afraid not, it helps a lot, but it can never take the place of our new ideas and feelings. A．what will happen in the future B．whether we can use it properly C．how we can control its development D．if it will replace humans in the future 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Doing housework can help us learn to be ________ and not depend on others. A．independent B．dependent C．important D．different 2．The storm ________ not hit our city; the weather report says it will move to the north. A．may B．must C．should D．cannot 3．You ________ use my dictionary if you don’t have one. I’m not using it now. A．must B．can C．Need D．should 4．It’s important for teenagers ________ how to look after themselves. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learns 5．—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion about healthy living is useful to you. —It surely is. It helps me stay in excellent condition. A．what B．when C．why D．whether 6．We should try our best ________ the environment around us. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect 7．People can learn a lot ________ nature if they watch carefully. A．for B．from C．with 8．—What does the saying “A problem shared is a problem halved.” tell us? —It tells us ________. A．why do we have problems B．that we should share our problems C．who we can ask for help D．how we can avoid problems 9．I can’t decide ________ to go to Mount Tai tomorrow. It depends on the weather. A．where B．when C．whether D．what 10．Mike is sitting ________ the students, so it’s not easy to find him. A．between B．among C．below D．against 11．—Why are you taking a basket with you for shopping? —The store doesn’t ________ shopping bags for shoppers to protect the environment. A．survive B．donate C．mention D．provide 12．I think winter is a beautiful season, ________ when it snows. A．probably B．directly C．hardly D．especially 13．He is an ________ young man who loves outdoor activities and nature. A．energetic B．crazy C．alive D．lucky 14．—Betty, you had better follow the doctor’s ________ and do more exercise. —I will, thank you. A．confidence B．silence C．advice D．agreement 15．We can help keep the air clean by planting trees. Trees are good for the ________. A．environment B．desert C．countryside D．college 四、单词拼写 1．The park ________ (cover) an area of 500 square meters. 2．The hot climate makes outdoor work much ________ (hard) in summer. 3．It is ________ (relax) to walk through golden wheat fields in autumn. 4．The writer ________ (create) natural poems about 24 Solar Terms last spring. 5．There is a heated ________ (argue) among scientists over the secret of the boiling river. 6．The ________ (live) dinosaurs disappeared millions of years ago. 7．She is afraid of __________ (spread) the illness. 8．I finish ________ (do) my homework and then I watch TV for a while. 9．This story makes us ________ (understand) nature better. 10．He enjoys ________ (study) different kinds of plants. 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 What may happen if you have some bad feelings? Your face may be red, right? But Mei Lee, a Chinese Canadian teenager, 1 into a big red panda when she feels bad. This is a story in a cartoon film called Turning Red. Mei Lee is a straight-A (全优) student, but she still has some 2 in her life. Her tiger mom is always strict with her, and she feels 3 all the time. She doesn’t know if she should speak up or 4 the feelings to herself because she’s afraid of saying something wrong. Then she finds that she will become a big red panda 5 when she goes mad. Luckily, Mei has friends and she often turns 6 them for help. They are all facing their 7 problems as they grow up. With their new abilities, this group work together to solve different problems 8 . The movie tells us that we don’t have to 9 our bad feelings to be like a good girl. Just be able to feel our feelings and remember 10 we are. Hope you’ll love this big red panda after watching this film. 31．A．gets B．turns C．falls D．becomes 2．A．magic B．questions C．trouble D．knowledge 3．A．stressed B．bored C．lonely D．relaxed 4．A．share B．keep C．explain D．express 5．A．especially B．seriously C．actually D．really 6．A．with B．to C．between D．down 7．A．own B．friends C．parents D．partners 8．A．themselves B．himself C．ourselves D．herself 9．A．go away B．give away C．push away D．give in 10．A．who B．where C．how D．that 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） I’ve always loved the radio. Since I was a child, I 1 (dream) of being a presenter at a radio station or a TV station. I started to present shows for the school radio station at the age of ten. And I always expect 2 (visit) a radio or a TV station someday. Yesterday, my teacher took us to visit a radio station. I couldn’t help being excited. I 3 (wake) up early in the morning and took a bus to the radio station with my classmates. We were so 4 (luck) that one director was free and he showed us around the studio and told us everything 5 (patient). We saw that the programme was on air in it. We had a chance 6 (interview) a presenter and we were very happy. We knew that in order to avoid 7 (make) mistakes, the presenter would practise what he would say many times. It seemed that he knew almost everything about the national and international background and information. He knew what the 8 (listen) wanted very well. He would read the articles written by the part-time reporters many times in person. He must know the purpose of the articles and then get ready for the programme well. So everything is not easy 9 (do). If we want to do a job well, we must work hard, keep on 10 (practise) and get ready for it all the time. 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法选择 It was a warm morning when I ran to the sea. I dropped my things 1 the beach and jumped in. I was just so glad to be back. I swam to a rock. I climbed onto it and 2 my head to face the rising sun. 3 a fire in me that burned for the deep blue. It was 4 only place where I felt truly free. I jumped back and 5 went deeper, with my eyes open. Among a group of fish and 6 sea animals, I noticed a big shell. I took it and swam to the surface. I put 7 on the rock and swam back in. This time I went even deeper, 8 I wasn’t afraid. It was beautiful. And then I saw 9 moving towards me. It was a shark! I had never seen such a big one in the wild. I 10 by fear. All I’d learned about sharks rushed into my head. I knew I 11 slowly back away, but my curiosity (好奇心) got the best of me. I swam 12 to it, and when it was about five feet away, I got to know it was simply a Caribbean reef shark. They aren’t dangerous, so I decided 13 it quietly. Then it slowly swam away. Now, more than ever, I understand 14 I love the sea—it 15 full of unknown danger, yet beautiful. 1．A．in B．on C．from D．off 2．A．lift B．lifts C．lifted D．lifting 3．A．There was B．There were C．There is D．There are 4．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．A．quick B．quicker C．quickness D．quickly 6．A．other B．others C．another D．the others 7．A．it B．its C．itself D．it’s 8．A．or B．but C．so D．if 9．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 10．A．catch B．caught C．am caught D．was caught 11．A．would B．could C．might D．should 12．A．close B．closer C．closest D．the closest 13．A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 14．A．whether B．when C．what D．why 15．A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 4~6（期末复习讲义） 内 容 导 航 考情透视·目标导航 透析期末考向，锚定备考重心 知识梳理·方法技巧 梳理核心脉络，扫除知识盲区 考场练兵·分层实战 阶梯实战演练，验收复习成效 Unit 4 Helping out 复习目标 通过本单元复习，学生能够： 识记并运用 40 个左右与志愿服务、慈善公益相关的核心词汇及其变形； 正确使用提供帮助、提出建议的表达方式，动词不定式（to do）以及情态动词用法 ； 读懂关于志愿服务、社区帮助的记叙文或倡议书，理解帮助他人带来的意义； 写出一篇 80—100 词的短文（如“A Voluntary Experience”或“How to Help Others”），做到内容真实、情感真挚、语言正确。 考情规律 考情规律总结表 考查板块 侧重考点 常见题型 难度 词汇运用 raise/rise;offer/provide/supply；attend/join/take part in；grateful/thankful 单选、完形、语法填空 ★★★☆ 短语搭配 help out；raise money for；donate...to；provide sb. with sth.；in need；the + adj. 短语填空、选词填空 ★★★ 词形变换 donate→donation;serve→service;organise→organisation；homeless/disabled/elderly 语法填空 ★★★ 句型转换 主动↔被动；provide结构转换；because/because of；so that↔to do；感叹句 句型转换、合并句子 ★★★★ 翻译 提供帮助的表达；呼吁行动的句式；描述志愿活动的句子 中译英、完成句子 ★★★★ 知识点1：provide v.提供，供给 provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth. The community centre provides free meals for elderly people.社区中心为老年人提供免费餐食。 知识点2：throw v.扔,投掷 throw away sth.=throw sth. away Don't throw away those old clothes;we can donate them.别扔掉那些旧衣服，我们可以捐出去。 知识点3：afford v.买得起，承担得起 can't afford sth.买不起某物 can't afford to do sth. The company can't afford to hire more staff this year due to budget cuts. 由于预算削减，公司今年负担不起雇佣更多员工。 知识点4：born adj.出生的，天生的 ·be born with/ without+特征/疾病天生就有/没有 He was born with a talent for music.他天生就有音乐天赋。 知识点5：disappointment n.失望，沮丧 to one's disappointment令某人失望的是 To my disappointment, the concert was canceled.令我失望的是，这场音乐会被取消了。 知识点6：treatment n.治疗；疗法 [treat] v. ①治疗；医治 treat sb. for sth. The doctor treated her for a fever.医生给她治疗发烧。 ②对待；看待 treat sb.as…对待某人… We should treat everyone as equal.我们应该平等对待每个人。 ③ 款待；请客 treat sb. to sth.请某人吃 I'll treat you to dinner tonight.今晚我请你吃饭。 知识点7：plan v.计划;打算n.计划 ·plan to do sth.计划做某事 We plan to have a picnic this weekend if the weather is good.如果天气好，我们计划这周末 去野餐。 知识点8：chore n.日常家务；琐事 do chores（做家务） I usually do chores like sweeping the floor and washing dishes after dinner. 晚饭后我通常会做些家务，比如扫地和洗碗。 知识点9：[her pocket money was only enough…] 拓展 ①核心句型:主语+be+形容词+enough+for sth.某物/某人在某方面足够… His English is good enough for a basic conversation.他的英语水平足够进行基础对话。· 注意:enough 要放在形容词的后面，这是和中文语序不同的地方。 ②反义句式 如果想表达“不够…”，可以用： 主语+be +not+形容词+ enough + for sth. The time is not enough for us to finish the task. 时间不够我们完成这项任务。 知识点10：out of the blue出乎意料地；突然 The news came out of the blue and surprised everyone.这个消息来得很突然，让所有人都很惊讶。 知识点11：connect v.连接；联系；关联 Connect A with B/connect with sb. People often connect red with good luck in China.在中国，人们常把红色和好运联系在一起。 be connected with 与…有关联 The accident is connected with his careless driving.这场事故和他的粗心驾驶有关。 connection n.连接；联系 connected adj.连接的；有联系的 知识点12：mention v./n.提到；说起；提及 ①动词搭配 ·mention sth. (to sb.)（向某人）提及某事 He mentioned his new job to me yesterday.他昨天跟我提了他的新工作。 mention doing sth.提到做某事 She mentioned having visited the hospital before.她提到以前来过这家医院。 not to mention更不必说；除了…之外（用来补充说明） The activity was fun not to mention educational.这个活动很有趣，更不用说还很有教育意义。 ②名词搭配 make mention of sth.提及某事 The report made no mention of the accident. 这份报告没有提及那次事故。 a mention of sth.一次提及 I was surprised by the mention of her name in the speech.演讲中提及她的名字，我很惊讶 ③拓展用法 don't mention it-回应感谢的常用表达，意为"不客气；别客气” 知识点13：in danger 处于危险中 反义短语：out of danger 脱离危险 After a successful operation, the injured panda is now out of danger.经过一场成功的手术，受伤的熊猫现在已经脱离危险了。 知识点14：shut down关闭;停业 Food problems shut down animal hospitals.食物问题导致动物医院关闭。 [call for]需要；呼吁 ①call for help 寻求帮助 Local animal hospitals call for help.当地的动物医院寻求帮助。 初物是我们亲密的朋友, 它们也需要我们的帮助。 ②call for action（呼吁行动） The environmental group called for action to reduce plastic waste in the ocean.这个环保组织呼吁采取行动，减少海洋中的塑料垃圾。 知识点15：[not only..but also.]拓展 ①意为：不仅…而且…，用来连接两个并列的成分，强调后者。 可以连接名词、动词、形容词、短语或句子。 连接句子时，not only放在句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。 Not only does he love animals, but he also works hard to protect them.他不仅喜爱动物，还努力保护它们。 ②注意事项 主谓一致：not only...but also...连接主语时，谓语动词要和靠近它的那个主语保持一致 （就近原则） Not only I but also my friends are going to the animal shelter.不仅我，我的朋友们也打算去动物收容所。 知识点16：[goal]n.目标;目的_ ·achieve a goal 实现目标 set a goal 设定目标 [chance]n.机会；可能性 ·have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事 You have a chance to learn how to take care of pets. 你有机会学习照顾宠物的方法。· 知识点17：shock v.使震惊/n.震惊 ·be shocked to do sth.震惊地做某事 We were shocked to see how many homeless animals were living on the street. 看到街上有这么多流浪动物，我们感到很震惊。 知识点18：[make up one's mind ]下定决心 She made up her mind to learn English well.她下定决心要把英语学好。 知识点19：[graduate]v.毕业 ·graduate from…从…毕业 My sister graduated from high school last summer.我姐姐去年夏天高中毕业。 知识点20：against 拓展 prep. ①反对/违背 She is against this decision.她反对这个决定。 ②靠着/倚着 He stood against the door.他靠着门站着。 ③对抗/对阵 We play against Class I tomorrow 我们明天对阵一班。 固定搭配 ①race against time 与时间赛跑 They raced against time to finish homework. 他们争分夺秒赶作业。 ②go against 违背/不利于小红书回菲菲老师英语世界。 This rule goes against his will.这条规定违背了他的意愿。 ③protect…against…保护…免受… Wear a coat to protect against the cold.穿外套御寒。 ④be against doing sth. 反对做某事 I'm against staying up late. 我反对熬夜。_ ⑤fight against 对抗/抗争 He fought against the bad habit. 他对抗这个坏习惯。 知识点21：[mean] ①v.意思是；打算 mean to do sth.打算做某事 I mean to finish homework first.我打算先写完作业。 意味着 Hard work means good grades.努力学习意味着好成绩。 ②adj.吝青的 Don't be so mean-share your pencils with your desk mate.别这么小气，把铅笔分给同桌用。 知识点22：[imagine]v.想象；设想小红书罪菲的 imagine doing sth.想象做某事 I can't imagine living alone.我没法想象独自生活。 知识点23：It was time for me to offer mine.]拓展 ①核心句式：It is/was time for sb. to do sth.到某人该做某事的时候了” It is time for us to start the class. 我们该上课了。 It was time for her to leave the office. 到她该下班的时候了。 [jump to one's feet]立刻站起来；猛地起身 I jumped to my feet and rushed outside.我猛地站起来，冲了出去。 Unit 5 Looking into nature 复习目标 通过本单元复习，学生能够： 识记并运用 30 个左右与自然探索、科学研究相关的核心词汇及其变形； 正确运用 宾语从句（that / if / whether）表达认识、观点和疑问； 读懂 关于自然奥秘、科学家探索故事的记叙文，理解探索精神与自然之美； 写出一篇 80—100 词的短文（如“A Nature Explorer I Admire”或“The Beauty of Nature”），做到内容完整、结构清晰、语言正确。 考情规律 考情规律总结表 考查板块 侧重考点 常见题型 难度 词汇运用 discover/invent；hardly/hard；amazed/amazing；curious/strange 单选、完形、语法填空 ★★★☆ 短语搭配 thanks to；belong to；carry on；fall ill；lose one’s sight；put effort into 短语填空、选词填空 ★★★ 词形变换 discover→discovery；nature→natural；curious→curiosity；strong→strength 语法填空 ★★★ 句型转换 直接引语↔间接引语（宾语从句）；if/whether；because/because of；though/but；the more... the more... 句型转换、合并句子 ★★★★ 翻译 本单元核心短语与句型（belong to, thanks to, carry on） 中译英、完成句子 ★★★★ 知识点1：prove v.证明、证实 ①prove + that 从句：直接证明一个事实 The amber proved that dinosaurs had feathers.这块琥珀证明恐龙长有羽毛。 ②prove + 宾语+(to be)+ adj./n证明某人/某物是··… Her actions proved (to be) correct.她的行动被证明是正确的 ③It proves that.... 这证明了… It proves that small changes can make a big difference.这证明微小的改变也能带来自大影响。 知识点2：proof n.证据、证明 in proof of：作为…的证据 He showed me the contract in proof of his agreement.他给我看了合同，作为他同意的证据。 知识点3：With an angry cry..]拓展伴随状态 ①核心结构：With+a/an+形容词+名词，+主句 作用：给主句的动作增添画面感，让描述更生动。 ②拓展用法 1.描述声音/情绪 With a loud laugh he told us the funny story. 他大笑着给我们讲了这个有趣的故事。 2.描述动作/状态 With a wave of his hand, he said goodbye.他挥了挥手，说了再见 3.描述工具/方式 With a Knife, he cut the cake into pieces.他用一把刀把蛋糕切成了小块。 知识点4：used to do sth.过去常常做某事 Scientists used to believe that.科学家过去是那样认为的。 be used to doing sth.习惯做某事，to是介词，后接动名词 She is used to getting up early.她习惯早起。 be used to do被用来做某事（被动） Wood is used to make desks.木头被用来做桌子 知识点5：belief n.观点；看法；信念 不可数（表抽象"相信；信念”) My belief in him never changed.我对他的信任从未变过。 可数（表具体”观点；看法；信仰”，复数beliefs) Different cultures have different beliefs.不同文化有不同信仰。 put effort into投入精力/努力做…… Scientists put effort into amber research.科学家潜心研究琥珀。 知识点6：likely adj.可能的 most likely 最可能 We're most likely to find amber in ancient forests.我们极有可能在远古森林里发现琥珀。 知识点7：style n.风格；方式（可数，复数styles） ①in style流行的、时髦的；有格调地 This dress is still in style.这条裙子还很时髦。 out of style过时的、不流行的 That hairstyle is out of style now.那种发型现在过时了。 ③go out of style 变得过时 Jeans never go out of style.牛仔裤永不过时。 知识点8：method n.方法 a method for/of (doing) sth.做某事的方法 We need a better method for solving this problem.我们需要一个更好的解决这个问题的方法。 a method to do sth.做某事的方法 This is a simple method to improve grades.这是提升成绩的简单方法。 知识点9：[argument]n.论点;论据 可数名词（复数arguments） argue v.争论；主张 argue with sb.与某人争论/争辩 Don't argue with your classmates over small things.别为小事和同学争论。 argue about/over sth. 就某事争论 They argued about the origin of the species.他们就这个物种的起源争论不休 知识点10：awaken v.过去式/过去分词awakened, 现在分词awakening ①v.唤醒；使醒来 The sound of birds awakened her early in the morning.清晨，鸟鸣声把她唤醒了。 ②使意识到；唤起情感记忆等 This book awakened my interest in nature exploration.这本书唤起了我对自然探索的兴趣。 知识点11：wonder ①v.想知道（最常用）常接 if/whether/wh- 从句) I wonder if whales are really singing when they make those sounds. 我想知道鲸鱼发出那些声音时，是不是真的在唱歌。 ②v.感到惊讶；惊叹 We wondered at the beauty of the rainforest.我们对雨林的美景感到惊叹。 ③n.奇迹；奇观（可数） The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders of the world. 大堡礁是世界自然奇观之一 ④n.惊叹;惊奇 He looked at the ancient fossil in wonder.他惊奇地看着这块古老的化石。 wonderful adj.精彩绝伦的 知识点12：opinion n.看法、观点、主张 ①in one's opinion依某人看（最常用） In my opinion, natural exploration needs courage.依我看，自然探索需要勇气， ② give one's opinion 发表看法 She gave her opinion on the new discovery.她就这项新发现发表了看法。 ③ask for sb's opinion征求某人意见 We can ask for our teacher's opinion.我们可以征求老师的意见。 知识点13：possible adj.可能的；可实现的 It's possible that… It's possible that the volcano will erupt again.这座火山有可能再次喷发。 possibly adv.可能地 He will possibly come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。 possibility n.可能性 There is a possibility of rain.有可能下雨。 知识点14：chemical ①adj.化学的 Burning wood is a chemical change燃烧木材是一种化学变化。 ②n.化学物质 Don't mix these chemicals together.别把这些化学品混在一起。 知识点15：[chemistry J n.化学 I like chemistry best.我最喜欢化学。 [chemist]n.化学家；药剂师 The chemist found a new material.这位化学家发现了一种新材料。 知识点16：curious adj.好奇的 ①be curious about sth.对…好奇 Babies are curious about everything around them.婴儿对周遭一切都好奇 ②be curious to do sth. 好奇地想做某事 I'm curious to know what she'll say.我好奇她会说什么。 ③curious + that从句 很奇怪… It's curious that he didn't call back.他没回电话，真奇怪。 [curiosity]n.好奇心；奇物 Curiosity killed the cat. 好奇害死猫。 知识点17：[present]n.礼物/v.提出；呈现/adj.目前的 present sb. with sth.给某人呈现/提供某物 The old house presents visitors with a sense of warmth.这座老房子给来访者带来温暖。 知识点18：get interested in对…产生兴趣 Many students get interested in astronomy after watching space documentaries. 很多学生在看完太空纪录片后，对天文学产生了兴趣。 be interested in（表状态） become interested in（表动作） take one's interest all the way to把兴趣贯彻到…（强调将兴趣坚持到底） He took his interest in plants all the way to becoming a famous botanist. 他将对植物的兴趣坚持到底成为了一名知名植物学家。 知识点19：carry on one's research开展/进行某人的研究 To carry on his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. 为了开展研究，他在深山老林里待了数年。 Once he fell seriously ill while doing fieldwork in Yunnan拓展 ①核心句型：while+现在分词，时间状语省略形式 ②前提：主句/从句主语一致，从句有be动词，才能省主语tbe ③含义：主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行 ④还原公式：while doing=while+王语+was/were+doing 知识点20：[So did Professor Wang] 拓展 ①句型:sot助动词+主语(倒装句，表“某人也一样”) ②含义：王教授也如此(承接前文动作，前文肯定，后文表同样情况) ③结构拆解 So:如此、也 did:助动词(前文谓语是实义动词过去式,用did;现在时用do/does,be动词用be)·professor Wang: 主语(放助动词后，倒装) ④课本语境逻辑(必懂) 前文一定有个肯定句(比如He loved plants very much.),用这句话衔接 →So did Professor Wang.(王教授也热爱植物) ⑤易错提醒 错误写法：So professor Wang did.(这是“确实如此”，表强调，主语和前文同一人) 正确写法：A:Prof.Wang loved plants.B:So he did.(A:王教授爱植物B:他确实如此) Unit 6 Living with nature 复习目标 通过本单元复习，学生能够： 识记并运用 40 个左右与自然、环保、乡村生活相关的核心词汇及其变形； 正确使用 动词不定式（to do）作目的状语，以及情态动词（should / must）表达环保建议与义务； 读懂 关于自然环境、生态保护、乡村生活的记叙文或倡议书，理解人与自然和谐共生的重要性； 写出一篇 80—100 词的短文（如“My Favourite Natural Place”或“How to Protect the Environment”），做到内容具体、语言正确、呼吁有力。 考情规律 考情规律总结表 考查板块 侧重考点 常见题型 难度 词汇运用 destroy/damage/ruin；protect/prevent；reduce/decrease；harmful/harmless；countryside/village 单选、完形、语法填空 ★★★☆ 短语搭配 depend on；live in harmony with；be harmful to；protect...from；make a difference；the + adj. 短语填空、选词填空 ★★★ 词形变换 nature→natural；harmony→harmonious；environment→environmental；pollute→pollution 语法填空 ★★★ 句型转换 不定式↔so that；because/because of；so...that↔enough to；not only...but also倒装；祈使句+and/or 句型转换、合并句子 ★★★★ 翻译 本单元核心短语与句型（in harmony with, depend on, make a difference, protect...from） 中译英、完成句子 ★★★★ 知识点1：popular adj.受欢迎的；流行的；普遍的 ①be popular with sb.受某人欢迎 This TV show is popular with both kids and adults. 这个电视节目很受孩子和成年人的欢迎。 ②be popular in sp.在某地流行 Street food is popular in many Asian countries.街头小吃在很多亚洲国家都很流行。 ③be popular for sth.因某事/物而受欢迎 The city is popular for its beautiful beaches.这座城市因美丽的海滩而闻名。 知识点2：guide v.指导/n.导游 guide sb. in/through sth.指导某人做某事 The teacher guided us in doing the experiment.老师指导我们做实验。 知识点3：follow v.跟随；遵循 ①follow sb. to do sth.跟着某人做某事 The old farmer followed his grandpa to plant crops in the field.那个老农跟着爷爷去田里种庄稼。②follow up on sth.跟进某事 We need to follow up on the research about the relation between crops and Solar Terms. 我们需要跟进关于农作物与节气关联的研究。 知识点4：long v.渴望;adj.长的 ①long for sth.渴望某物 近义短语：be thirsty for She longs for more knowledge about natural exploration. 她渴望更多自然探索相关的知识。 ②long to do sth.渴望做某事 I long to learn more about the 24 Solar Terms.我渴望了解更多二十四节气的知识。 知识点5：expert n.专家/adj.专业的 an expert in/on/at sth.某方面的专家 She is an expert in the 24 Solar Terms.她是二十四节气方面的专家。 expert advice/knowledge专业建议/知识 We need expert advice on farming.我们需要关于农事的专业建议。 知识点6：especially adv.尤其、特别 especially when/if尤其当…时 I love the countryside, especially when the crops are growing.我喜欢乡村，尤其是庄稼生长的时候。 知识点7：help sb. do sth帮助某人做某事 help (sb) with sth.在某事上帮助某人 The 24 Solar Terms help farmers with their planting time.二十四节气帮助农民确定播种时间。 can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事 She can't help feeling excited when a new term begins.每当新节气开始，她都忍不住感到兴奋。 知识点8：bear动词(过去式bore, 过去分词 borne/born) ①承载、具有 bear the responsibility（承担责任） Scientists bear the responsibility to protect endangered plant species. 科学家们肩负着保护濒危植物物种的责任。 ②忍受、承受 He bore the pain and kept working on plant research. 他忍着病痛,继续做植物研究 ③生育、出生（仅用被动be born） He was born in a small village.他出生在一个小村庄。 ④bear in mind 牢记 知识点9：curious adj.好奇的 ①be curious about sth.对…好奇 Babies are curious about everything around them.婴儿对周遭一切都好奇。 ②be curious to do sth.好奇地想做某事 I'm curious to know what she'll say.我好奇她会说什么。 ③curious + that从句很奇怪… It's curious that he didn't call back.他没回电话，真奇怪。 curiosity n.好奇心；奇物 Curiosity killed the cat.好奇害死猫。 知识点10：check v.检查；查看 check sth. carefully仔细检查 Before going hiking, we should check the weather forecast carefully.去徒步之前，我们应该仔细查看天气预报。 check in 登记入住 check out 办理退房 作名词，检查、账单 知识点11：provide v.提供；供应 provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物 The solar park provides electricity for thousands of people.这个太阳能公国为数千人提供电力。 provide sb. with sth.向某人提供某物 The government will provide local villages with clean energy.政府将为当地村庄提供清洁 能源。 知识点12：cover v.覆盖；占地面积；包含 cover sth. with sth.用某物覆盖某物 The ground is covered with solar panels.地面被太阳能电地板覆盖。 知识点13：resource n.资源;财力 natural resource 自然资源 energy resource 能源 知识点14：amazing adj.令人惊叹的；了不起的 It's amazing that… 令人惊讶的是…… It's amazing that the desert has become a green garden.令人惊讶的是，这片沙漠变成了绿色花园。 an amazing achievement一项了不起的成就 Building the solar park is an amazing achievement.建造这个太阳能公园是一项了不起的成就。 知识点15：survive v.生存；幸存 survive on sth.靠某物存活 The local people survive on water from the karez system.当地人依靠坎儿井系统的水存活。 survival n.生存；幸存 知识点16：protect v.保护;防护 protect…from… 保护…免受… We need to protect the Karez system from damage.我们需要保护坎儿井系统免受破坏。 protect the environment保护环境 It's important to protect the local desert environment.保护当地的沙漠环境很重要。 知识点17：crazy adj.疯狂的；荒唐的 be crazy about sth.对……痴迷;热衷 Many tourists are crazy about visiting the Flaming Mountains.许多游客痴迷于游览火焰山。 go crazy 发疯；失控 You'll go crazy if you stay in the hot desert for too long.如果你在炎热的沙漠里待太久，会受不了的。 Units4-6语法突破 情态动词的用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could 表示能力，意为＂能，会＂ I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 表示许可时，意为＂可以，能够＂，相当于may She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 用于推测，表示可能性，意为＂可能＂，could比can更加不肯定，多用于否定或疑问句 The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师，他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面，可能是谁呢？ 【知识拓展】 1. can的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...can；否定回答用No, ...can’t。 —Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? —Yes, I can. 是的，我会。/No, I can’t 不，我不会。 2. can，could和be able to的区别：can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to可以用于各种时态；can( could)表示能力时，可用be able to代替。 I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。 She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了 I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。 may/might 表示允许或许可，意为＂可以＂ May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗？ 表示征询许可时，might比may的语气委婉 —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。 用于表推测时，是＂可能，或许＂之意，might语气更加不肯定，多用于肯定句 He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了，但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 【知识拓展】 1. may的一般疑问句，肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.；否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。 —Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗? —Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不，不可以。 2. 用于表示推测时，may和might一般不用于疑问句，而在疑问句中，常使用can；在否定句中，maynot/might not意为＂可能不＂，而can’t/couldn’t意为＂不可能＂。 The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。 It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。 must 表示必须，一定要，指说话人的主观语气 You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 mustn’t表示禁止，意为＂千万不要，禁止＂，是说话人强有力的劝告 You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 表示推测时，用于肯定句，意为＂想必，一定＂，否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 【知识拓展】 1. must的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ...must.；否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to. —Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗？ —Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不，你不必。 2. must和have to的区别： ①用must表示＂必须＂的意思时，通常着重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要去做某事；而have to着重于客观需要，含有＂不得不＂的意思。 We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。 You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了，不得不去看医生。 ②用must表示＂必须＂，只有现在时态的形式，如果要表示过去时或将来时的＂必须＂，就要用have to的相应形式。 You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。 They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。 will 表示意志、愿望和决心，常译为＂愿意＂ If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们，我们将不胜感激。 用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求或建议等 Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗? 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，多用于现在时，常译为＂总是＂ Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。 would 作为will的过去式，可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等，意为＂愿意＂ He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 用于第二人称疑问句中，表示现在的请求、建议，比will的语气委婉 Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? 【知识拓展】 would like意为＂愿意，想要＂；would like/love to do sth 意为＂愿意/想要做某事＂；would like sb to do sth意为＂想要某人做某事＂。 Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？ Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗？ I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。 shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见 Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’ Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着，可以让他进来吗，先生? 用于第二、三人称陈述句时，表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等 Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作，你就会失败。 should shall的过去式，用于第一、三人称，多用于间接引语中，以征求对方意见 I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 表示义务，职责时，意为＂应当，应该＂，往往表示说话者的观点 表示惊讶、遗憾等，意为＂竟然，居然＂ need 表示＂需要，必须＂，多用于疑问句和否定句 Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 【知识拓展】 need的一般疑问句，肯定回答为Yes, ... must.；否定回答为No, ... needn’t. —Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗? —Yes, he must. 是的，他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不，他不需要。 have to 表示不得不，说明客观条件只能如此；有时态形式的变化；否定式don’t have to意为＂不必＂(= needn’t) My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。 情态动词与相关易混点辨析 1. can 和 be able to can 表示“能力;许可”,只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to表示“经过努力而能够做某事”,可用于多种时态。 He can swim.他会游泳。 He was able to swim across the English Channel last week.上周他成功地游过了英吉利海峡。 2. must 和 have to must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;have to 侧重于客观上的需要。 I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。 I have to wait until the rain stops.我不得不等到雨停。 3.can 与may 表示可能性时 (1)肯定句中用 may 表示可能。 You'd better ask the monitorHe may know.你最好问班长，他可能知道。 (2)在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can't; 若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用 may not. Mr.Li can't be in.He has gone to Beijing for a meeting.李先生不可能在家，他去北京开会了。 4. may be 和 maybe may be 中的may为情态动词，后加动词原形be，在句中作谓语;maybe为副词，意为“大概,也许”,相当于 perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。 He may be right.他可能是对的。 Maybe he is right.也许他是对的。 He may know the news.他也许知道这个消息。 Maybe he knows the news.也许他知道这个消息。 5. can’t 和 mustn’t 表示否定推测时应用can’t。mustn't意为“禁止,不允许”,不用来表推测,在肯定句 中可用 must 表推测,意为“一定”。 考点专练 1．—Is that Li Xiang playing the guitar in the classroom? —No, it _________ be him. He has gone to the lab. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在教室里弹吉他的那个人是李翔吗？——不，不可能是他。他已经去实验室了。   can’t不可能（表示有把握的否定推测）；mustn’t禁止，不允许；shouldn’t不应该。根据后句“He has gone to the lab”可知，他已经去了实验室，所以“不可能”是他在教室弹吉他，此处表示有把握的否定推测，应填can’t。 2．You ________ go out until you recite this short conversation. A．can B．can’t C．will D．could 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你背完这段短对话才能出去。 can能够；can’t不能；will将要；could可以。根据“You ... go out until you recite this short conversation.”可知，此处是not...until“直到……才”，表示直到背诵完对话才能出去，用can’t符合语境。 3．—There is a sign saying “No plastic bags” at the gate of the market. —Then shoppers ________ bring cloth bags or baskets with them. A．needn’t B．may not C．should D．can’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——市场门口有一个写着“禁止使用塑料袋”的牌子。——那么购物者应该自带布袋或篮子。 needn’t不必；may not可能不；should应该；can’t不能。根据“No plastic bags”和“bring cloth bags or baskets”可知，此处是建议购物者应该自带布袋，should符合语境。 4．—Dad, I helped our neighbor find his lost cat this morning. —Well done! We ________ offer help to others in need. A．should B．would C．shouldn’t D．wouldn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——爸爸，今天早上我帮邻居找到了他丢失的猫。——做得好！我们应该向有需要的人提供帮助。should应该（表建议、责任）；would将会（表过去将来或意愿）；shouldn’t不应该；wouldn’t不会。根据“Well done!”的肯定态度，可知此处是倡导“应该”帮助他人，“should”符合语境。 5．You ________ talk loudly in the library. A．need B．must C．needn’t D．mustn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你在图书馆里不准大声说话。 need需要；must必须；needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止/不准。根据常识可知图书馆是安静场所，禁止大声说话，应填mustn’t。 6．—Sorry, Mr. Li. I left my homework at home. Must I hand it in today? —No, you ________. You ________ bring it here tomorrow. A．mustn’t; should B．needn’t; can C．mustn’t; may D．mustn’t; can 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——对不起，李老师。我把作业忘在家里了。我必须今天交吗？——不，你不必。你可以明天把它带来。mustn’t禁止；should应该；needn’t不必；can可以；may能。以 must开头的一般疑问句，否定回答需用needn’t，表示“不必”，而非mustn’t（禁止）；第二空表示许可，说明对方可以明天交作业，用can符合语境。 7．Grandfather is sleeping. You ________ keep your voice down. A．can’t B．can C．should D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：爷爷正在睡觉。你应该小声点。 can’t不能；can能；should应该；shouldn’t不应该。根据前句“Grandfather is sleeping.”可知爷爷正在睡觉，为了不打扰他，你应该小声说话。应填should。 8．—________ the students hand in their reports today? —No, they needn’t. A．Must B．Might C．Could D．Should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——学生们今天必须交报告吗？——不，他们不必。 Must必须；Might可能；Could可以；Should应该。根据答句“No, they needn’t.”可知，问句应是以Must开头的一般疑问句，询问是否必须要做某事。 9．—Must I practice the piano before dinner? —No, you ________. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我必须在晚饭前练习钢琴吗？——不，你不必。   mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；can’t不可能。以Must开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用“Yes, you must.”，否定回答用“No, you needn’t.”或“No, you don’t have to.”，表示“不必”。故选用needn’t。 10．The sky is getting darker. It ________ rain soon. You’d better take an umbrella. A．must B．should C．might D．need 【答案】C 【详解】句意：天空越来越暗。很快可能会下雨。你最好带把伞。   must必须，一定（表示肯定的推测）；should应该（表示建议）；might可能（表示可能性较小的推测）；need需要。根据“天空越来越暗”可知，下雨是有可能的，但并非十分确定，应用might表示可能性推测，故选用might。 11．The 5G technology is developing so fast that doctors ________ treat patients in faraway places. A．can B．should C．must D．need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：5G技术发展如此之快，以至于医生能够为远方的病人治疗。 can能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“The 5G technology is developing so fast”可知，5G技术使远程治疗成为可能，应用can表示能力，符合语境。 12．According to the new “Health First” policy, students ________ have at least one hour of outdoor activities every school day. A．can B．may C．must D．could 【答案】C 【详解】句意：根据新的“健康第一”政策，学生每个上学日必须进行至少一小时的户外活动。 can能，可以；may可以，可能；must必须；could能，可以。根据“According to the new ‘Health First’ policy”可知，政策规定表示强制性义务，应用must表示“必须”。 13．—Must I return the book today?   —No, you ________. You can keep it till next Friday. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我今天必须还书吗？——不，你不必。你可以把书留到下周五。 mustn’t禁止；can’t不能；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。以Must引导的一般疑问句，否定回答常用needn’t，结合语境可知此处表示“不必”，应填needn’t。 14．—When did your father go out? —I’m not sure, but he ________ go too far. His tea is still hot. A．can’t B．must C．might D．should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你父亲什么时候出去的？——我不确定，但他不可能走太远。他的茶还是热的。 根据“His tea is still hot.”可知父亲刚离开不久，推测他不可能走太远，表示否定推测用can’t。 15．—Mom, can I go to the cinema with my classmates this Saturday evening? —Yes, of course. But you ________ finish your homework first. A．can B．must C．might D．would 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，这周六晚上我可以和同学们去看电影吗？——是的，当然可以。但你必须先完成作业。  can能够；must必须；might可能；would将会。根据语境，妈妈同意去看电影的前提条件是“先完成作业”，表示强制性要求，故应用must。 宾语从句 　宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的三要素为：语序、时态和连接词。 1.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如： 2.宾语从句的时态 （1）需要性原则：主句现在时，从句时态视客观需要而定。如：Can you tell me what he did yesterday？ （2）呼应性原则：主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。 如：Kate said she was reading a newspaper at this time yesterday. （3）特殊性原则：表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：Mom told me that the earth goes around the sun. （助记：主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永不变） 3.宾语从句的连接词 连接词 意义及例句 从属连词that 无实际意义，可以省略：He says （that） his father has gone abroad. 从属连词whether/if “是否”，不可省略：He asked me whether I would stay there for another two days. 连接代词（what/which/who/whose/whom等） 在从句中作一定的成分（主语、宾语、定语等）：He asked me whose coat it was. 连接副词（when/where/why/how） 在从句中作状语：She doesn’t know when she should go there.＝She doesn’t know when to go there. 【拓展】 “疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，用于该结构的疑问词有how， when， what， where， which等。如：I don’t know where to go. 我不知道要去哪里。 一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法 1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。 ①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　 She says that she will help me learn English this evening.她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。 ②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如： He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。 ③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如： I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。 2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如： The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。 3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况： 引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略： She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。 I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。 I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。 He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。 He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。 I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。 I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。 Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。 Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。 He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 【拓展】 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。 1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not. I don’t know whether he will win or not.  I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not. 2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. I’m not sure whether to stay or leave. I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. 5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。 He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work. 特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。 ①带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句 When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？ → Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？ → I don’t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。 What should I do? 我该怎么办？ → Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？ → Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。 Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？ → Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？ → I don’t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。 ②带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。 Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？ → Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？ → I don’t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。 What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？ → Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？ → I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。 注意： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was the matter. 考点专练 1．There are ups and downs in life, and we should think about ________ we learn from them. A．why B．what C．which D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：生活中有起有落，我们应该思考我们从中学到了什么。 why为什么；what什么；which哪一个；where哪里。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词about的宾语，从句中动词learn缺少宾语，表示“学到的内容”，所以应该用what来引导。 2．—Could you tell me ________? —It was exciting. Huai’an beat Suzhou by 1-0 on May 2. A．what was the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an like B．how was the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an C．what the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an was like D．how the football match between Suzhou and Huai’an was like 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我苏州和淮安之间的足球赛怎么样吗？——很精彩。5月2日淮安以1比0击败了苏州。根据答语“It was exciting”（很精彩）可知，此处是在询问比赛“怎么样”，应用“What...be like”句型，排除B、D。宾语从句需用陈述语序，A选项为疑问语序（was在主语前），不符合要求；C选项为陈述语序（was在主语后），且“what...was like”表示“……怎么样”，符合题意。 3．I want to go to the Dali ancient city. Could you tell me ________? A．how do I get there B．how I went there C．which bus can I take to get there D．which bus I can take to get there 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我想去大理古城。你能告诉我可以坐哪路公交车到那里吗？ 根据“Could you tell me...”可知，此处为宾语从句，从句应用陈述语序，排除A和C（均为疑问语序）。再根据前句“I want to go”可知，是想去但还没去，应用一般现在时表示将来的计划，而B选项用了一般过去时went，时态不符，排除B，所以C项正确。 4．I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________ here, I will tell you. A．comes; will arrive B．will come; will arrive C．comes; arrives D．will come; arrives 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否会来。如果他到达这里，我会告诉你。 第一空所在句是if引导的宾语从句，if 意为“是否”，根据时间状语tomorrow可知，宾语从句谓语用一般将来时will come；第二空所在句是if 引导的条件状语从句，if意为“如果”，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，谓语动词用arrives。 5．— Judy, I wonder ________. — I will go to Nianhua Bay with my family. A．how you planned your holiday B．what you will do for the holiday C．how did you plan your holiday D．what will you do for the holiday 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——Judy，我想知道你假期将要做什么。——我将和家人一起去拈花湾。宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，C、D选项为疑问语序，故排除。根据答语“I will go…”可知动作发生在将来，且询问的是做什么，A选项为过去时且询问方式，不符。B选项语序正确且是一般将来时，符合题意。 6．I asked you ________ next. A．what shall we do B．we should do what C．what should we do D．what we should do 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我问你接下来我们该做什么。 结合“I asked you”以及选项可知，宾语从句需用陈述语序，主句谓语“asked”表明主语时态为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态。应填入what we should do。 7．—Did you watch the Min Super League match last weekend? —Come and see my photos. They will show you ________. A．how exciting the match was B．why I like football C．when the season started 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你上周末看闽超联赛了吗？——来看看我的照片。它们会向你展示比赛多么令人兴奋。 how exciting the match was比赛有多令人兴奋；why I like football我为什么喜欢足球；when the season started赛季是什么时候开始的。根据答语“Come and see my photos.”可知，照片能直观呈现比赛现场的状况和氛围。“how exciting the match was”描述比赛的精彩程度，符合通过照片展示内容的逻辑。应填how exciting the match was。 8．—I wonder ________ or not. —It depends. If the weather is fine, we will have a city walk. A．when we will have a city walk B．when will we have a city walk C．whether we will have a city walk D．whether will we have a city walk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想知道我们是否将进行城市漫步。——视情况而定。如果天气好，我们将进行城市漫步。宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”，排除语序错误的 B、D 两项。根据答语“It depends”及条件状语可知，此处表示不确定是否会发生，而非询问时间，故选 C。 9．—Could you imagine ________ in the future? —OK. Maybe we can travel by floating car. A．what life will be like B．if everyone will own a robot C．how we will contact others D．where we can park cars easily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能想象未来生活将会是什么样子吗？——好的。也许我们可以乘坐悬浮汽车旅行。 “what life will be like”生活将会是什么样子；“if everyone will own a robot”是否每个人都会拥有一个机器人；“how we will contact others”我们将如何联系他人；“where we can park cars easily”我们可以在哪里轻松停车。根据答句“Maybe we can travel by floating car.”可知，前句询问的是对未来生活整体情况的想象，而非某一具体方面（如机器人、联系方式、停车问题）。选项A符合语境。 10．—Doubao is very popular these days. I wonder ________. —I’m afraid not, it helps a lot, but it can never take the place of our new ideas and feelings. A．what will happen in the future B．whether we can use it properly C．how we can control its development D．if it will replace humans in the future 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——豆包最近很流行。我想知道它未来是否会取代人类。——恐怕不会，它很有帮助，但永远无法取代我们的新想法和情感。根据答语“I’m afraid not, it helps a lot, but it can never take the place of...”可知，答语回应的是“是否会取代人类”的问题，因此问句询问的是关于“取代人类”的可能性，D项正确。 基础通关练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、单项选择 1．Doing housework can help us learn to be ________ and not depend on others. A．independent B．dependent C．important D．different 【答案】A 【详解】句意：做家务可以帮助我们学会独立，不依赖他人。 independent独立的；dependent依赖的；important重要的；different不同的。根据后半句“not depend on others”可知是不依赖他人，即学会独立，符合语境。应填independent。 2．The storm ________ not hit our city; the weather report says it will move to the north. A．may B．must C．should D．cannot 【答案】A 【详解】句意：风暴可能不会袭击我们的城市；天气预报说它将向北移动。 may可能；must必须；should应该；cannot不能。根据“the weather report says it will move to the north”可知，风暴将向北移动，是否袭击城市是不确定的推测，应填may。 3．You ________ use my dictionary if you don’t have one. I’m not using it now. A．must B．can C．Need D．should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你没有字典，你可以用我的。我现在不用它。must必须；can可以；need需要；should应该。“I’m not using it now.”表明说话者现在不使用字典，允许对方使用，表示许可，用can。 4．It’s important for teenagers ________ how to look after themselves. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learns 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对于青少年来说学习如何照顾自己是很重要的。 learn学习（动词原形）；to learn学习（动词不定式）；learning学习（动名词/现在分词）；learns学习（动词第三人称单数）。固定句型It is+adj.+for sb+to do sth.，意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式。根据结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，应填to learn。 5．—I’m not sure ________ my suggestion about healthy living is useful to you. —It surely is. It helps me stay in excellent condition. A．what B．when C．why D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我不确定关于健康生活的建议是否对你有用。——当然有用。它有助于我保持极佳的状态。what什么；when什么时候；why为什么；whether是否。根据“I’m not sure”及答语“It surely is”可知，此处表示不确定建议是否有用，表达“是否”的含义，应用whether引导宾语从句。 6．We should try our best ________ the environment around us. A．protect B．protecting C．to protect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该尽最大的努力保护我们周围的环境。固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，后接动词不定式作目的状语，因此用to protect。 7．People can learn a lot ________ nature if they watch carefully. A．for B．from C．with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们如果仔细观察，可以从大自然中学到很多。for为了；from从……；with和……。根据固定搭配learn...from...可知，表示“从……中学习”，应填from。 8．—What does the saying “A problem shared is a problem halved.” tell us? —It tells us ________. A．why do we have problems B．that we should share our problems C．who we can ask for help D．how we can avoid problems 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——谚语“烦恼与人分，负担减一半”告诉我们什么？——它告诉我们应该分享我们的问题。 根据句子结构可知，本题考查宾语从句。“why do we have problems”是疑问句语序，而宾语从句应该用陈述句语序，所以A错误；谚语“A problem shared is a problem halved”的意思是分享问题能使问题得到缓解，也就是建议我们分享问题“that we should share our problems”，选项B符合语义；“who we can ask for help”谚语并没有提及向谁求助，选项C不符合；谚语强调的是分享问题而非避免问题，选项D“how we can avoid problems”不符合。 9．I can’t decide ________ to go to Mount Tai tomorrow. It depends on the weather. A．where B．when C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不能决定明天是否要去泰山。这取决于天气。where哪里；when什么时候；whether是否；what什么。根据“It depends on the weather.”可知，去还是不去取决于天气，decide whether to do sth.意为“决定是否做某事”，符合语境。 10．Mike is sitting ________ the students, so it’s not easy to find him. A．between B．among C．below D．against 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Mike坐在那群学生中间，所以不容易找到他。 between在两者之间；among在三者或三者以上之中；below在……下面；against倚靠。根据“the students”可知是复数群体，指三者或以上，且语境表示他在人群之中难以被发现，故填among。 11．—Why are you taking a basket with you for shopping? —The store doesn’t ________ shopping bags for shoppers to protect the environment. A．survive B．donate C．mention D．provide 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么购物时带着篮子？——为了保护环境，这家商店不为顾客提供购物袋。 survive生存；donate捐赠；mention提及；provide提供。根据“to protect the environment”可知，为了保护环境，商店不为顾客提供购物袋，provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”，符合语境。 12．I think winter is a beautiful season, ________ when it snows. A．probably B．directly C．hardly D．especially 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为冬天是一个美丽的季节，尤其是当下雪的时候。 probably大概；directly直接地；hardly几乎不；especially尤其。根据“I think winter is a beautiful season,...when it snows.”可知，下雪是冬天美丽的特定情况，表强调，意为“尤其”。应填especially。 13．He is an ________ young man who loves outdoor activities and nature. A．energetic B．crazy C．alive D．lucky 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他是一个精力充沛的年轻人，热爱户外活动和自然。 energetic精力充沛的；crazy疯狂的；alive活着的；lucky幸运的。根据空前冠词“an”可知，此处单词需以元音音素开头，排除 B、D 项；再根据“loves outdoor activities and nature”可知，此处指精力充沛的，energetic符合语境；而alive常作表语，不作定语。 14．—Betty, you had better follow the doctor’s ________ and do more exercise. —I will, thank you. A．confidence B．silence C．advice D．agreement 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Betty，你最好听从医生的建议，多做运动。——我会的，谢谢。confidence信心；silence沉默；advice建议；agreement同意。根据“follow the doctor’s ... and do more exercise”可知，此处指听从医生的建议，advice符合语境。 15．We can help keep the air clean by planting trees. Trees are good for the ________. A．environment B．desert C．countryside D．college 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们可以通过植树来帮助保持空气清洁。树木对环境有益。 environment环境；desert沙漠；countryside乡村；college大学。根据“We can help keep the air clean by planting trees.”可知，植树有助于保持空气清洁，这是对环境保护有益的行为，符合语境。应填environment。 四、单词拼写 1．The park ________ (cover) an area of 500 square meters. 【答案】covers 【详解】句意：这个公园占地500平方米。句子描述的是公园的面积这一客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时。主语“The park”是第三人称单数，根据一般现在时中第三人称单数作主语时，动词要用第三人称单数形式的规则，“cover (覆盖)”的第三人称单数是“covers”。 2．The hot climate makes outdoor work much ________ (hard) in summer. 【答案】harder 【详解】句意：炎热的气候使夏季的户外工作更加困难。make sth. adj“让某物处于某种状态”，hard“困难的”，为形容词，结合“much”可知，这里要填比较级。 3．It is ________ (relax) to walk through golden wheat fields in autumn. 【答案】relaxing 【详解】句意：秋天漫步在金黄的麦田里是令人放松的。it作形式主语，修饰事物要用-ing形式的形容词，relax的形容词relaxing用来形容事物带给人的感受。 4．The writer ________ (create) natural poems about 24 Solar Terms last spring. 【答案】created 【详解】句意：这位作家去年春天创作了关于二十四节气的自然诗歌。句中“last spring”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。create的过去式需在末尾加-d，故填created。 5．There is a heated ________ (argue) among scientists over the secret of the boiling river. 【答案】argument 【详解】句意：科学家们对沸腾河流的秘密展开了激烈的争论。空格前的形容词heated（激烈的）需要修饰名词，且不定冠词a后要接可数名词单数；提示词argue是动词，意思为“争论”，它的名词形式是argument，符合语法和句意要求。 6．The ________ (live) dinosaurs disappeared millions of years ago. 【答案】living 【详解】句意：活着的恐龙在数百万年前就灭绝了。空后有“dinosaurs”可知此处填形容词，修饰名词dinosaurs，live“居住；生存”是动词，其形容词形式为living“现存的；活着的”。 7．She is afraid of __________ (spread) the illness. 【答案】spreading 【详解】句意：她害怕传播这种疾病。固定搭配be afraid of doing sth.表示“害怕做某事”，介词of后面需接动名词形式。 8．I finish ________ (do) my homework and then I watch TV for a while. 【答案】doing 【详解】句意：我做完作业，然后看一会儿电视。finish doing sth“完成做某事”，空处应用do的动名词形式doing，作宾语。 9．This story makes us ________ (understand) nature better. 【答案】understand 【详解】句意：这个故事让我们更好地理解自然。understand意为“理解”，句中动词makes为使役动词，后面接宾语补足语时，要用不带to的动词原形，即固定结构make sb. do sth，表示“使某人做某事”，故填understand。 10．He enjoys ________ (study) different kinds of plants. 【答案】studying 【详解】句意：他喜欢研究不同种类的植物。动词“enjoys”后需接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配“enjoy doing sth.”，意为“喜欢做某事”。故填studying。 重难突破练（测试时间：20分钟） 一、完形填空 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 What may happen if you have some bad feelings? Your face may be red, right? But Mei Lee, a Chinese Canadian teenager, 1 into a big red panda when she feels bad. This is a story in a cartoon film called Turning Red. Mei Lee is a straight-A (全优) student, but she still has some 2 in her life. Her tiger mom is always strict with her, and she feels 3 all the time. She doesn’t know if she should speak up or 4 the feelings to herself because she’s afraid of saying something wrong. Then she finds that she will become a big red panda 5 when she goes mad. Luckily, Mei has friends and she often turns 6 them for help. They are all facing their 7 problems as they grow up. With their new abilities, this group work together to solve different problems 8 . The movie tells us that we don’t have to 9 our bad feelings to be like a good girl. Just be able to feel our feelings and remember 10 we are. Hope you’ll love this big red panda after watching this film. 31．A．gets B．turns C．falls D．becomes 2．A．magic B．questions C．trouble D．knowledge 3．A．stressed B．bored C．lonely D．relaxed 4．A．share B．keep C．explain D．express 5．A．especially B．seriously C．actually D．really 6．A．with B．to C．between D．down 7．A．own B．friends C．parents D．partners 8．A．themselves B．himself C．ourselves D．herself 9．A．go away B．give away C．push away D．give in 10．A．who B．where C．how D．that 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文属于记叙文（故事介绍类），以动画电影《青春变形记》为叙述主体，讲述主角李美玲的情绪困扰、变身设定与交友经历，最后提炼影片传递的接纳自我、正视负面情绪的主旨思想。 【详解】1．句意：但加拿大华裔少女李美玲心情不好时会变成一只大红熊猫。 根据turn into“变成”为固定搭配，且电影名为Turning Red，可知此处应填turns。gets“得到”、falls“落下”无此搭配；becomes后面直接接名词，不能加into。 2．句意：美玲是一名全优生，但她生活中依然有一些烦恼。 根据“but”表转折，全优学生对应生活仍有“麻烦”，可知此处应填trouble。magic“魔力”、questions“问题，侧重疑问”、knowledge“知识”均不符。 3．句意：她的虎妈总是对她很严格，她一直压力很大。 根据strict with her“对她严格”，可知她会感到stressed“有压力的”。bored“无聊的”、lonely“孤单的”、relaxed“放松的”不符。 4．句意：她不知道自己该说出来，还是把情绪藏在心里，因为害怕说错话。 根据keep...to oneself“保守秘密/藏在心里”为固定搭配，与“speak up”形成对比，可知此处应填keep。share“分享”、explain“解释”、express“表达”和后文“害怕说错”逻辑相反。 5．句意：后来她发现，实际上当她发怒时，自己就会变成一只大红熊猫。 根据语境强调变熊猫这一事实的真实性，可知此处应填actually。especially侧重对比强调“尤其”，seriously严重地、really真正地贴合度弱于actually。 6．句意：幸运的是美玲有朋友，她经常向她们求助。 根据turn to sb. for help“向某人求助”为固定搭配，可知此处应填to。根据语境，其他介词无法构成求助搭配。 7．句意：成长过程中，她们每个人都面临着属于自己的问题。 根据their own problems“他们自己的问题”符合语境，可知此处应填own。根据语境，此处强调每个人各自的问题，而非他人问题。friends“朋友”、parents“父母”、partners“搭档”语义不通。 8．句意：凭借她们新出现的能力，这群女孩携手靠自己解决各种各样的难题。 根据主语“this group”视为复数they，反身代词应用themselves，可知此处应填themselves。根据语境，人称需保持一致，其他选项人称不符。himself他自己、ourselves我们自己、herself她自己，人称不匹配。 9．句意：这部电影告诉我们，不必为了当一个乖巧女孩而压抑自己的负面情绪。 根据语境指不要压抑或排斥情绪，可知此处应填push away。go away离开、give away赠送/泄露、give in屈服，语义不符。 10．句意：坦然感受自己的情绪，并且记住我们真实的自我。 根据who we are“我们是谁”指代身份认同，可知此处应填who。where表地点、how表方式、that无实义，均不合适。 二、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） I’ve always loved the radio. Since I was a child, I 1 (dream) of being a presenter at a radio station or a TV station. I started to present shows for the school radio station at the age of ten. And I always expect 2 (visit) a radio or a TV station someday. Yesterday, my teacher took us to visit a radio station. I couldn’t help being excited. I 3 (wake) up early in the morning and took a bus to the radio station with my classmates. We were so 4 (luck) that one director was free and he showed us around the studio and told us everything 5 (patient). We saw that the programme was on air in it. We had a chance 6 (interview) a presenter and we were very happy. We knew that in order to avoid 7 (make) mistakes, the presenter would practise what he would say many times. It seemed that he knew almost everything about the national and international background and information. He knew what the 8 (listen) wanted very well. He would read the articles written by the part-time reporters many times in person. He must know the purpose of the articles and then get ready for the programme well. So everything is not easy 9 (do). If we want to do a job well, we must work hard, keep on 10 (practise) and get ready for it all the time. 【答案】 1．have dreamed/have dreamt 2．to visit 3．woke 4．lucky 5．patiently 6．to interview 7．making 8．listeners 9．to do 10．practising 【导语】本文讲述作者热爱广播，从小梦想成为电台或电视台主持人，还回忆了昨天和同学在老师带领下参观电台的经历，了解到主持人工作不易，强调做好工作需努力、坚持练习和时刻准备。 【详解】1．句意：从我还是个孩子起，我就梦想成为电台或电视台的节目主持人。根据“Since I was a child”可知，时态为现在完成时，结构“have/has+过去分词”，主语为I，助动词用have，dream的过去分词是dreamed/dreamt，故填have dreamed/have dreamt。 2．句意：而且我一直期待将来有一天能参观电台或电视台。根据“And I always expect”可知，expect to do sth.“期待做某事”，为固定用法。故填to visit。 3．句意：我早上很早就醒了，和同学们一起坐公交车去了电台。根据“Yesterday”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式，wake的过去式是woke，故填woke。 4．句意：我们很幸运，有一位导演有空，他带我们参观了演播室，并耐心地告诉了我们一切。根据“We were so”可知，“be+形容词”为固定用法，形容词作表语，luck的形容词形式是lucky“幸运的”。故填lucky。 5．句意：我们很幸运，有一位导演有空，他带我们参观了演播室，并耐心地告诉了我们一切。根据“and told us everything”可知，修饰动词told，用副词，patient的副词形式是patiently“耐心地”。故填patiently。 6．句意：我们有机会采访一位节目主持人，我们非常高兴。根据“We had a chance”可知，have a chance to do sth.“有机会做某事”，为固定用法。故填to interview。 7．句意：我们知道，为了避免犯错，节目主持人会多次练习他要说的话。根据“We knew that in order to avoid”可知，avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，为固定用法。故填making。 8．句意：他很清楚听众想要什么。根据“He knew what the...wanted very well”可知，此处指了解听众的需求，listener“听众”，可数名词，此处表泛指，用复数名词。故填listeners。 9．句意：所以一切都不容易做。根据“So everything is not easy”可知，“be+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事是……的”，为固定句型；此处需用动词不定式。故填to do。 10．句意：如果我们想做好一份工作，我们必须努力工作，坚持练习，时刻准备着。根据“we must work hard, keep on”可知，keep on doing sth.“坚持做某事”，为固定用法。故填practising。 综合拓展练（测试时间：10分钟） 一、语法选择 It was a warm morning when I ran to the sea. I dropped my things 1 the beach and jumped in. I was just so glad to be back. I swam to a rock. I climbed onto it and 2 my head to face the rising sun. 3 a fire in me that burned for the deep blue. It was 4 only place where I felt truly free. I jumped back and 5 went deeper, with my eyes open. Among a group of fish and 6 sea animals, I noticed a big shell. I took it and swam to the surface. I put 7 on the rock and swam back in. This time I went even deeper, 8 I wasn’t afraid. It was beautiful. And then I saw 9 moving towards me. It was a shark! I had never seen such a big one in the wild. I 10 by fear. All I’d learned about sharks rushed into my head. I knew I 11 slowly back away, but my curiosity (好奇心) got the best of me. I swam 12 to it, and when it was about five feet away, I got to know it was simply a Caribbean reef shark. They aren’t dangerous, so I decided 13 it quietly. Then it slowly swam away. Now, more than ever, I understand 14 I love the sea—it 15 full of unknown danger, yet beautiful. 1．A．in B．on C．from D．off 2．A．lift B．lifts C．lifted D．lifting 3．A．There was B．There were C．There is D．There are 4．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 5．A．quick B．quicker C．quickness D．quickly 6．A．other B．others C．another D．the others 7．A．it B．its C．itself D．it’s 8．A．or B．but C．so D．if 9．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 10．A．catch B．caught C．am caught D．was caught 11．A．would B．could C．might D．should 12．A．close B．closer C．closest D．the closest 13．A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watched 14．A．whether B．when C．what D．why 15．A．was B．is C．has been D．will be 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．D 11．D 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文讲述了作者在温暖的早晨奔向大海，在海中畅游、探索，遭遇鲨鱼后克服恐惧，最终更深刻地理解自己热爱大海的原因的故事。 1．句意：我把东西扔在海滩上，然后跳了进去。 in在里面；on在上面；from来自；off离开。根据“I dropped my things...the beach”可知，此处表示把东西扔在海滩上，on the beach“在海滩上”。故选B。 2．句意：我爬到上面，抬起头面对升起的太阳。 lift举起，动词原形；lifts第三人称单数形式；lifted过去式；lifting现在分词。根据“I climbed onto it and...my head to face the rising sun.”可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，and连接并列的谓语动词，所以空处用lift的过去式lifted。故选C。 3．句意：我心中有一团为深蓝色而燃烧的火焰。 There was有，一般过去时，后接单数名词或不可数名词；There were有，一般过去时，后接复数名词；There is有，一般现在时，后接单数名词或不可数名词；There are有，一般现在时，后接复数名词。根据“a fire in me”可知，此处用there be句型的一般过去时，且fire为单数名词，所以空处用There was。故选A。 4．句意：这是唯一一个让我感到真正自由的地方。 a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个，表特指；/不填。根据“only place”可知，此处表示特指，用定冠词the。故选C。 5．句意：我跳回去，迅速游向更深的地方，眼睛睁着。 quick快的，形容词；quicker更快的，形容词比较级；quickness迅速，名词；quickly迅速地，副词。根据“went deeper”可知，此处用副词修饰动词，所以空处用quickly。故选D。 6．句意：在一群鱼和其他海洋动物中，我注意到一个大贝壳。 other其他的，后接复数名词；others其他的，相当于“other+复数名词”；another另一个，表泛指，后接单数名词；the others其余的，表示在一个范围内的其他全部。根据“sea animals”可知，此处表示其他的海洋动物，用other修饰名词复数。故选A。 7．句意：我把它放在岩石上，然后游回水里。 it它，人称代词主格或宾格；its它的，形容词性物主代词或名词性物主代词；itself它自己，反身代词；it’s它是，it is的缩写。根据“I took it and swam to the surface.”以及“I put...on the rock”可知，此处指把贝壳放在岩石上，用it指代上文的shell，作put的宾语。故选A。 8．句意：这次我游得更深了，但我不害怕。 or或者；but但是；so所以；if如果。根据“This time I went even deeper...I wasn’t afraid.”可知，前后句为转折关系，用but连接。故选B。 9．句意：然后我看到有东西朝我游来。 something某物，用于肯定句；anything任何东西，用于否定句或疑问句；everything一切；nothing没有什么。根据“moving towards me”可知，此处表示看到有东西朝我游来，句子为肯定句，用something。故选A。 10．句意：我被恐惧笼罩。 catch抓住，动词原形；caught抓住，过去式；am caught被抓住，一般现在时的被动语态；was caught被抓住，一般过去时的被动语态。根据“I...by fear.”可知，此处表示被恐惧笼罩，用被动语态，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 11．句意：我知道我应该慢慢地游回去，但我的好奇心战胜了我。 would将会；could能够；might可能；should应该。根据“All I’d learned about sharks rushed into my head.”以及“slowly back away”可知，此处表示知道应该慢慢地游回去。故选D。 12．句意：我游得更近了，当它离我大约五英尺远时，我知道它只是一只加勒比礁鲨。 close近，形容词；closer更近，形容词比较级；closest最近，形容词最高级；the closest最近，形容词最高级前加the。根据“to it”可知，此处用close的比较级closer修饰动词swam，表示游得更近了。故选B。 13．句意：它们并不危险，所以我决定静静地观察它。 watch观看，动词原形；watching现在分词；to watch动词不定式；watched过去式。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，所以空处用动词不定式to watch。故选C。 14．句意：现在，我比以往任何时候都更明白我为什么爱大海。 whether是否；when什么时候；what什么；why为什么。根据“I understand...I love the sea”以及“it...full of unknown danger, yet beautiful.”可知，此处表示明白为什么爱大海。故选D。 15．句意：它充满了未知的危险，但却很美丽。 was是，一般过去时；is是，一般现在时；has been已经是，现在完成时；will be将是，一般将来时。根据“Now, more than ever”以及“it...full of unknown danger, yet beautiful.”可知，此处描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，主语为it，be动词用is。故选B。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $