暑假作业05 语言知识巩固 (选择性必修第四册 Units 1-2)（巩固培优） 高二英语译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦选择性必修四Units 1-2词汇语法基础，通过阶梯式题型设计系统提升语言应用能力与学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇巩固|2篇听力填空+13组词形转换|语境填词与词形派生|从Unit 1-2核心词汇输入到词性转换输出，构建词汇网络| |语法应用|13道单句语法填空+15道短语填空|语法规则与短语搭配应用|基于词汇模块延伸，强化语法知识在语境中的准确运用| |综合能力|5组翻译仿写+2篇阅读+2篇七选五+1篇语法填空+1篇续写|语言输出与语篇理解|整合词汇语法基础，通过翻译、阅读、写作实现语言能力综合迁移，培养跨文化理解与思维品质|

( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业05 语言知识巩固 选择性必修四 (Units 1-2)（解析版） 一、听录音，用Unit 1词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Helpful Discovery My nephew Tom barely spoke when he arrived for our appointment. I put down my cigar and paused. His jaw had a new scar, and his eyebrow was cut. “I cheated in a test,” he whispered, ashamed. He pretended to be sick, but his guilty look gave him away. Anyhow, I didn’t get angry. Forgiveness is a virtue, and integrity is a decent principle. I wrapped a parcel of mineral water for him and tied a bow. “Let’s sow some seeds,” I said. “We’ll harvest trust later.” He rejoiced at my kindness. Likewise, I felt a burden lift. Later, a photographer took our picture. His collar was neat, and he wore a diamond scarf pin. He outlined a plan to arrest a criminal who sold fake organic food. Tom’s keen eyes spotted a wire under a garbage bin. That substantial clue led the police to the core of the case. Innocent families were saved. The geophysicist next ward confirmed the mineral composition was safe. What a superb bonus to our day! I felt it worthwhile to teach Tom to be merciful. He learned not to disappoint those who trust him. Every phase of life has a deadline for growth. We embraced guidance from each other. 一次有益的发现 我的侄子汤姆来赴我们的约定时，几乎不说话。我放下雪茄烟，停顿了一下。他的下巴上多了一道新的伤疤，眉毛也破了。“我考试作弊了，”他惭愧地低声说。他假装生病，但他那内疚的表情让他露了馅。不过，我没有生气。宽恕是一种美德，正直是一条得体的原则。我用包裹包了一包矿泉水，系了个蝴蝶结。“咱们去播些种子吧，”我说，“以后就能收获信任。”他对我的善意感到非常高兴。同样，我也感到心中的负担减轻了。 后来，一位摄影师给我们拍了照。他的衣领很整洁，还别着一枚钻石围巾夹。他概述了一个计划，要逮捕一个售卖假有机食品的罪犯。汤姆敏锐的眼睛发现了一个垃圾箱下面有一根电线。这一重大线索让警方找到了案件的核心。许多无辜的家庭得救了。隔壁病房的那位地球物理学家证实了矿物成分是安全的。对我们来说，这是多么极佳的意外收获！我觉得教给汤姆仁慈很值得。他学会了不让信任他的人失望。人生的每一个阶段都有成长的截止日期。我们彼此欣然接受对方的指导。 二、听录音，用Unit 2词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Language Exchange. Learning a new language can be challenging, but it is also rewarding. As a bilingual learner, I often try to encode my thoughts into English and then decode the feedback from native speakers. Their tone and gesture help me understand the precise meaning of words. I have a preference for watching movies without subtitles to expand my vocabulary. Sometimes I feel embarrassed when I make a slip in grammar, but my friends always tolerate my mistakes. They cite famous sayings to encourage me, and their sincere smiles make me feel at ease. My competent teacher, Mr. Li, is knowledgeable about Germanic languages. He often clarifies difficult points with straightforward examples. He says that sympathy and the ability to empathize with others are keys to good communication. I try to behave politely and show respect for cultural taboos. Every intervention from him helps me gain confidence. Last week, I joined a contest in the school canteen where we recited poems in different accents. My handwriting on the answer sheet was neat, and I spoke fluently. I did not reject the chance to perform, though I was a bit pessimistic at first. In the end, I won a book about pure grammar rules. This experience taught me that friction in learning is normal, and with proper effort, we can turn it into gain. I sincerely believe that every small step obtains a brighter future. 语言交流 学一门新外语，难是难了点，但收获也不小。作为一个会说两种语言的人，我常试着把自己的想法编码成英语，再去解码母语者给我的反馈。他们的语气和手势能帮我摸准词儿的准确意思。我偏爱不带字幕看电影，好扩大自己的词汇量。有时候语法出了差错，我会觉得不好意思，但朋友们总是包容我的错误。他们会引用名言来鼓励我，那真诚的笑容让我心里很踏实。 我的称职的李老师对日耳曼语系的语言特别有见识。他总能用简单明了的例子把难点讲清楚。他说，要有同情心，要能跟别人产生共鸣，这才是好好沟通的关键。我努力注意言行，对文化禁忌也保持尊重。他的每一次指点都帮我增加了信心。 上星期，我在学校食堂参加了一场比赛，大家用各种口音朗诵诗歌。我的答题纸书写很工整，说起英语来也很流利。虽说一开始有点悲观，但我没有拒绝这个展示自己的机会。最后我赢了一本关于纯正语法规则的书。这事让我明白，学习上有点摩擦很正常，只要肯下功夫，就能把它变成收获。我打心底里相信，每一步小小的努力，都会换来一个更敞亮的未来。 三、重点单词 1. cheat (v.) 欺骗；作弊 → cheating (n.) 作弊行为 → cheater (n.) 作弊者 2. pretend (v.) 假装；装扮 → pretense (n.) 假装，虚伪 → pretender (n.) 假装者，冒充者 3. resign (v.) 辞职，辞去 → resignation (n.) 辞职 → resigned (adj.) 顺从的，听任的 4. sow (v.) 播种，种 → sowing (n.) 播种 → sower (n.) 播种者 5. quote (v.) 引用；举例说明 → quotation (n.) 引语，引文 → quotable (adj.) 可引用的，值得引用的 6. harvest (v.) 收割；收获 → harvesting (n.) 收割 → harvester (n.) 收割者，收割机 7. sew (v.) 缝，做针线活 → sewing (n.) 缝纫，针线活 → sewer (n.) 缝纫者 8. wrap (v.) 包，裹；用……缠绕 → wrapping (n.) 包装材料，包裹纸 → wrapper (n.) 包装者；包装纸 9. reliable (adj.) 可信赖的，可靠的 → reliability (n.) 可靠性 → reliably (adv.) 可靠地 10. bless (v.) 祝福；（表示惊奇）→ blessing (n.) 祝福，幸事 → blessed (adj.) 受祝福的 11. suspect (v.) 疑有，怀疑 → suspicion (n.) 怀疑 → suspicious (adj.) 可疑的，怀疑的 12. legal (adj.) 合法的；法律的 → legality (n.) 合法性 → legalize (v.) 使合法化 13. resign (v.) 辞职，辞去 → resignation (n.) 辞职 → resigned (adj.) 顺从的，听任的 14. guilty (adj.) 感到内疚的；有罪的 → guilt (n.) 内疚，罪行 → guiltily (adv.) 内疚地 15. pretend (v.) 假装；装扮；自诩 → pretense (n.) 假装，虚伪 → pretended (adj.) 假装的 四、重点短语 1. account for sth 是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占 2. approve of 赞成，赞同 3. arm in arm 臂挽着臂；挽着胳膊 4. at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置，对……无能为力 5. be on one’s way 即将走/来 6. broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界 7. in terms of 就……而言 8. integrate A into / with B 把A与B合并 9. keep an appointment with 遵守与……的约定 10. live a lie 为人虚伪 11. on the beat 在巡逻 12. put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 13. tear down 拆毁，拆除 14. under arrest 被逮捕 15. weigh on sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 一、单句语法填空 1. The teacher found evidence of __________ on the exam, and she talked to the __________ privately. (cheat) 【答案】 cheating；cheater 【解析】 第一空前有介词 of，后接名词，cheat 的动名词 cheating 意为“作弊行为”。第二空指人，cheater 意为“作弊者”。全句翻译：老师发现了考试作弊的证据，并私下与作弊者谈了话。 2. His __________ of illness was obvious, but the __________ soon admitted the truth. (pretend) 【答案】 pretense；pretender 【解析】 第一空前有物主代词 his，后接名词，pretend 的名词形式 pretense 意为“假装”。第二空指人，pretender 意为“假装者”。 全句翻译：他装病很明显，但那个假装者很快承认了事实。 3. The manager accepted his __________, and the __________ left the company with dignity. (resign) 【答案】 resignation；resigner 【解析】 第一空前有物主代词 his，后接名词，resign 的名词形式 resignation 意为“辞职”。第二空指人，resigner 意为“辞职者”（resigner 比 resignee 更常用、更自然）。 全句翻译：经理接受了他的辞职，辞职者体面地离开了公司。 4. Spring __________ requires patience, and a careful __________ will enjoy a good harvest. (sow) 【答案】 sowing；sower 【解析】 第一空作主语，需用名词，sow 的动名词 sowing 意为“播种”。第二空指人，sower 意为“播种者”。 全句翻译：春季播种需要耐心，细心的播种者会迎来好收成。 5. The essay included a __________ from a famous book, and the __________ was credited properly. (quote) 【答案】 quotation；quoter 【解析】 第一空前有不定冠词 a，后接名词，quote 的名词形式 quotation 意为“引语”。第二空指人，quoter 意为“引用者”。 全句翻译：文章包含一段来自名著的引语，引用者得到了恰当署名。 6. The __________ of crops took two weeks, and the __________ worked from dawn to dusk. (harvest) 【答案】 harvesting；harvester 【解析】 第一空作主语，需用名词，harvest 的动名词 harvesting 意为“收割”。第二空指人，harvester 意为“收割者”。 全句翻译：庄稼的收割花了两周时间，收割者们从黎明工作到黄昏。 7. She enjoys __________ as a hobby, and she is a skilled __________. (sew) 【答案】 sewing；sewer 【解析】 第一空作宾语，需用名词，sew 的动名词 sewing 意为“缝纫”。第二空指人，sewer 意为“缝纫者”。 全句翻译：她喜欢把缝纫当作一种爱好，而且她是个熟练的缝纫者。 8. The gift was covered in colorful __________, and the __________ had tied a ribbon around it. (wrap) 【答案】 wrapping；wrapper 【解析】 第一空前有形容词 colorful，后接名词，wrap 的动名词 wrapping 意为“包装材料”。第二空指人，wrapper 意为“包装者”。 全句翻译：礼物被彩色包装纸包着，包装者在上面系了一条丝带。 9. His immediate __________ to the news was shock, and as a quick __________, he took action at once. (react) 【答案】 reaction；reactor 【解析】 reaction“反应”；reactor“反应者”（此处活用，英语中有 reactor 指“反应者或反应堆”）。 全句翻译： 他对这个消息的即时反应是震惊，并且作为一个快速反应者，他立刻采取了行动。 10. The __________ between the two reports was obvious, and as a foreign __________, he covered the event. (correspond) 【答案】 correspondence；correspondent 【解析】 correspondence“一致/通信”；correspondent“记者”。 全句翻译： 两份报告之间的对应关系很明显，作为一名外国记者，他报道了这一事件。 11. The __________ between the two sides lasted three hours, and the chief __________ finally reached a deal. (negotiate) 【答案】 negotiation；negotiator 【解析】 negotiation“谈判”；negotiator“谈判者”。 全句翻译： 双方之间的谈判持续了三个小时，首席谈判代表最终达成了一项协议。 12. Despite strong __________ from his family, he remained a determined __________ of the plan. (oppose) 【答案】 opposition；opposer 【解析】 opposition“反对”；opposer“反对者”。 全句翻译： 尽管家人强烈反对，他仍然是该计划的坚定反对者。 13. The __________ of immigrants into the community was smooth, and as a social __________, he helped them settle. (integrate) 【答案】 integration；integrator 【解析】 integration“融合”；integrator“整合者”（指促进融合的人或组织）。 全句翻译： 移民融入社区的过程很顺利，作为社会整合者，他帮助他们安顿下来。 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 account for sth, approve of, arm in arm, at the mercy of sb./sth. be on one’s way, broaden one's mind, in terms of, integrate A into / with B, keep an appointment with, live a lie, on the beat, put yourself in sb's shoes, tear down, under arrest, weigh on sb./sth. 1. The heavy rain might __________ the delay of the flight. 【答案】 account for 【解析】 account for sth 意为“解释……的原因”。大雨是航班延误的可能原因，符合因果关系。 句子翻译：大雨可能是航班延误的原因。 2. My parents have always __________ my decision to study abroad. 【答案】 approved of 【解析】 approve of 表示“赞成，赞同”。父母一直赞成“我”出国留学的决定，用现在完成时。 句子翻译：我的父母一直赞同我出国留学的决定。 3. The two old friends walked down the street __________, chatting happily. 【答案】 arm in arm 【解析】 arm in arm 是固定短语，作状语，描述走路时胳膊相挽的姿态。 句子翻译：两位老朋友臂挽着臂走在街上，愉快地聊着天。 4. Without a life jacket, the swimmer was completely __________ the strong currents. 【答案】 at the mercy of 【解析】 at the mercy of sb./sth. 表示“任……处置，对……无能为力”。没有救生衣，游泳者只能任由激流摆布。 句子翻译：没有救生衣，游泳者完全任由激流摆布。 5. Don’t worry. The doctor is __________ to see you. 【答案】 on his way 【解析】 be on one’s way 意为“即将走/来”，此处主语为 doctor，故用 on his way，表示医生正在赶来。 句子翻译：别担心，医生正在赶来看你。 6. Traveling to different countries can really __________. 【答案】 broaden your mind / broaden one's mind 【解析】 broaden one’s mind 意为“拓展视野，开阔眼界”。旅行能让人增长见识。 句子翻译：去不同国家旅行确实能开阔眼界。 7. __________ education, this city has some of the best schools in the country. 【答案】 In terms of 【解析】 in terms of 用于引出某方面，意为“就……而言”。就教育方面，该城市拥有全国最好的一些学校。 句子翻译：就教育而言，这座城市拥有全国最好的一些学校。 8. The school aims to __________ technology __________ every classroom. 【答案】 integrate；into 【解析】 integrate A into B 表示“把A与B合并，将A融入B”。学校希望将技术融入每间教室。 句子翻译：学校旨在将技术融入每一间教室。 9. I’m sorry I’m late. I had trouble __________ my dentist. 【答案】 keeping an appointment with 【解析】 keep an appointment with sb. 意为“遵守与某人的约定”。have trouble (in) doing sth，故用动名词形式。 句子翻译：抱歉我迟到了。我没能按时赴牙医的约。 10. He felt he was __________ because he pretended to be happy when he was actually miserable. 【答案】 living a lie 【解析】 live a lie 意为“为人虚伪，活在谎言中”。他假装快乐而实际痛苦，感觉自己在过虚假的生活。 句子翻译：他觉得自己在过一种虚假的生活，因为他明明很痛苦却假装快乐。 11. The police officer has been __________ for over ten years, keeping the neighborhood safe. 【答案】 on the beat 【解析】 on the beat 指警察在巡逻区域执行任务。警官在巡逻岗位上工作十多年。 句子翻译：这位警官已经在巡逻岗位上干了十多年，保护着社区的安全。 12. Before you judge her, try to __________ and understand why she made that choice. 【答案】 put yourself in her shoes 【解析】 put yourself in sb’s shoes 意为“处于某人的境地，设身处地”。劝他人换位思考。 句子翻译：在评判她之前，试着设身处地为她想想，理解她为什么做出那个选择。 13. The old factory will be __________ to make room for a new park. 【答案】 torn down 【解析】 tear down 意为“拆毁，拆除”。旧工厂将被拆除，为新建公园腾出空间，用被动语态。 句子翻译：旧工厂将被拆除，为一个新公园腾出空间。 14. The suspect is now __________ and will be taken to the police station. 【答案】 under arrest 【解析】 under arrest 表示“被逮捕”。嫌疑犯已被捕，将被带到警局。 句子翻译：嫌疑犯现已被捕，将被带到警察局。 15. The constant pressure to succeed has been __________ her mind for months. 【答案】 weighing on 【解析】 weigh on sb. 意为“使焦虑不安，加重思想负担”。成功的压力数月来一直压在她心头，用现在完成进行时。 句子翻译：成功的持续压力数月来一直让她焦虑不安。 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. 中文翻译：嗯，那天晚上我们约定，二十年后就在这个日期和这个时间再次在这里见面，不管我们的境况如何，也不管我们得从多远的地方赶来。 英文仿写：去年，他们约定每天早晨在公园门口碰面，然后一起晨跑，无论天气如何或他们有多忙。 Last year, they agreed that they would meet at the park gate every morning and go jogging together, no matter what the weather might be or how busy they might be. 结构解析： 主句：they agreed + that 引导的宾语从句 宾语从句中包含时间状语 every morning 和让步状语从句 no matter what...or how busy... 仿写保留了 no matter what...or how... 的并列让步结构，并将原句中的 from what distance 转换为 how busy，使逻辑更符合日常语境。 2. Hesitating over what to do, I continued listening to him, and I gradually became convinced that he had made his fortune in ways that were not legal. 中文翻译：我犹豫着不知该怎么办，继续听他说，渐渐相信他是用不合法的方式发了财。 英文仿写：在决定是否接受这份工作邀请时，我仔细阅读了合同，最终相信其中有一些不公平的条款。 Hesitating over whether to accept the job offer, I read the contract carefully, and I gradually became convinced that it contained some unfair clauses. 结构解析： 开头为现在分词短语 Hesitating over... 作状语，表示伴随或原因 主句由 and 连接两个并列谓语：I read... 和 I gradually became convinced that... became convinced that 后接宾语从句，说明相信的内容 仿写保留了分词短语开头、并列谓语以及 became convinced that 的结构。 3. A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour. 中文翻译：一艘没有锚的船只能任凭风浪摆布；同样，一个没有责任感的人也只能任由自己粗心大意的行为所支配。 英文仿写：一棵没有根基的树会被风暴轻易吹倒；同样，一个没有明确目标的人会轻易被生活中的困难打败。 A tree without strong roots is at the mercy of storms; likewise, a person who has no clear goal is at the mercy of the difficulties in life. 结构解析： 分号连接两个并列分句，第二个分句以 likewise 开头，表示类比 每个分句均为 “主语 + is at the mercy of + 名词” 结构 第二分句的主语带有 who 引导的定语从句 仿写完全保留了这一对称结构，仅替换比喻对象。 4. So, dear students, take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities, so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you. 中文翻译：所以，亲爱的同学们，通过承担责任迈出你进入成人世界的第一步吧，这样成年生活对于你和周围的人来说都会是一段愉快且有价值的经历。 英文仿写：所以，年轻的运动员们，通过每天坚持训练迈出你们走向成功的第一步吧，这样未来的比赛才会成为你们展示自我的舞台。 So, dear young athletes, take your first step towards success by training hard every day, so that future competitions will become a stage for you to show yourselves. 结构解析： 祈使句开头：take your first step...by + 动名词短语 后接 so that 引导的目的状语从句 仿写完全复制了 “So, dear + 称呼, take your first step...by..., so that...” 的句式和情感色彩。 5. For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner. 中文翻译：例如，如果你是一位正在与一家大企业谈生意的商人，你应该面对面地进行，使用正式的语言，直截了当。 英文仿写：例如，如果你是一名正在准备重要演讲的学生，你应该在镜子前练习，注意你的肢体语言和语调。 For example, if you are a student preparing for an important speech, you should practice it in front of a mirror, paying attention to your body language and tone. 结构解析： if 引导条件状语从句，从句中主语后接现在分词短语 negotiating with... 作定语 主句 you should do it...，后跟现在分词短语 using... 作方式状语 仿写保留了 “if you are a + 名词 + 现在分词短语, you should + 动词 + 方式状语, + 现在分词短语” 的完整结构。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 The Lost Library Card Emma woke up with a start. Today was the day her class was taking a special trip to the new city museum, and she needed her permission slip signed. She scrambled out of bed and rushed into the kitchen, where the delicious smell of pancakes was already filling the air. “Good morning, sleepyhead,” her dad smiled, flipping a pancake onto a plate. “Are you excited for the trip?” Emma stopped dead in her tracks. Her heart sank, and the smile vanished from her face. “Dad,” she whispered, her voice trembling. “I can’t find my permission slip anywhere. I thought I put it in my blue folder last night, but it’s not there.” Her dad placed his spatula down and gave her a warm, reassuring look. “Don’t panic, kiddo. Let’s retrace your steps. Where did you do your homework yesterday?” Emma thought hard. “At the kitchen table, and then I took my folder to the living room to show Mom.” “Well, let’s look in the living room first,” her dad suggested. The two of them walked into the living room. Emma began searching the couch cushions while her dad checked the coffee table. Just as she was about to give up, she spotted the corner of a bright blue paper sticking out from underneath the sofa pillows. With a gasp of excitement, she dove for it. It was the permission slip, completely safe and perfectly signed by her mother! Emma threw her arms around her dad’s waist, breathing a huge sigh of relief. She quickly put the paper into her backpack and sprinted back into the kitchen to finish her breakfast. She was finally ready for a fantastic day at the museum. (281 words) 1. Where did Emma initially think she put her permission slip? A. On the kitchen counter B. In her blue folder C. Under the sofa cushions D. Inside her backpack 2. How did Emma feel when she first realized the permission slip was missing? A. Angry B. Excited C. Nervous and upset D. Bored 3. Which of the following best describes Emma’s dad? A. Strict and easily frustrated B. Forgetful and careless C. Too busy to care D. Calm and helpful 4. Who found the permission slip in the end? A. Emma B. Dad C. Mom D. Both Emma and Dad 答案及详细解析 1. 【答案】B。细节理解题 【解析】本题考查直接细节定位。Emma 在故事中说：“I thought I put it in my blue folder last night.” 她最初以为把许可单放在了蓝色文件夹里。选项 A“厨房台面上”未提及；选项 C“沙发垫子下面”是最终找到的位置，而非最初以为的位置，属于答非所问；选项 D“书包里”是后来放进去的地方，不是最初以为的位置。因此 B 正确。 2. 【答案】C。细节理解题 【解析】本题考查情感状态的直接提取。Emma 发现许可单不见后，“Her heart sank, the smile vanished from her face,” 并且声音颤抖地说：“I can’t find my permission slip anywhere.” 这些描述表明她感到紧张和沮丧（nervous and upset）。选项 A“生气”文中无依据；选项 B“兴奋”与情绪相反；选项 D“无聊”不符。因此 C 正确。 3. 【答案】D。判断推理题 【解析】本题考查人物性格特点的推断。Emma 的父亲在得知她丢失许可单后说：“Don't panic, kiddo. Let's retrace your steps.” 他冷静地建议回想步骤，并陪她一起寻找。这表明他 calm and helpful（冷静且乐于助人）。选项 A“严格且易怒”与原文相反；选项 B“健忘且粗心”无依据；选项 C“太忙不在乎”文中他放下锅铲耐心帮助，与“太忙”矛盾。因此 D 正确。 4. 【答案】A。细节理解题 【解析】本题考查动作主体的直接定位。故事中，Emma 自己“spotted the corner of a bright blue paper... and dove for it”，是她本人发现了许可单。选项 B“Dad”只检查了咖啡桌，并未找到；选项 C“Mom”只在故事开头被提及，没有参与寻找；选项 D“Both Emma and Dad”错误，因为父亲没有找到。因此 A 正确。 Text 2 The word freezing is not sufficient to describe the biting cold that is surrounding my body at this very moment. My bones are cold, rigid, and sore; my inner being is frozen and dark; my legs are numb; and no warmth at all remains in my body. Were you to take my temperature right now, it would register 32 degrees or below. The wait for the bus has seemed never-ending and intolerable. I stand out here alone, forlorn and solitary, waiting for the yellow and blue vehicle that represents relief and safety. The air around me seems to crackle like ice breaking apart with each breath I take. The mist coming from my mouth is like the steam from a train. It hangs in the air like a speech bubble from a cartoon character. My thoughts, confused by the intense cold, somehow arrive at the idea that I need to stamp my feet to help sensation return. As each foot meets the pavement, a wave of pain travels up my leg like lightning. Though it hurts, I am relieved by the pain, as it means my legs still have the capacity to feel! I twist around to look back at my house, and there, inside the steamy window, is my mom observing me like a proud mother hen watching her chick take her first steps toward independence. She seems unreal as she waves happily to me; she is dressed only in her warm cozy pajamas and looks completely comfortable. Is it possible that she cannot be experiencing this painful cold? How can she escape this? I turn away, not wanting her to see how wounded I am by her comfort. Off in the distance I see a flash of yellow and blue. Is it possible? Will I survive this frozen suffering? Yes, the bus has arrived, and I am saved for another day. 5. The narrator says the mist coming from his mouth is like ______. A. the steam from a train. B. a speech bubble from a cartoon character. C. ice breaking apart in the air. D. lightning that travels up his leg. 6. According to the passage, what does the narrator see in the distance that gives him hope? A. His mother coming outside. B. A flash of yellow and blue. C. A police car with flashing lights. D. Another person waiting for the bus. 7. The narrator describes his thoughts as being “confused” because of ______. A. the intense cold. B. his hunger and thirst. C. the long wait. D. his mother’s waving. 8. The narrator says that although stamping his feet causes pain, “I am relieved by the pain.” What does this most likely reveal about his emotional state? A. He enjoys hurting himself to forget the cold. B. He is confused and cannot feel anything anymore. C. He is desperate for any sign that his body is still alive. D. He wants to punish himself for leaving the house. 【答案】5. A 6. B 7. A 8. C 【详细解析】 5.【答案】A。细节理解题 【解析】本题考查直接细节对应。原文明确写道：“The mist coming from my mouth is like the steam from a train.” 选项A “the steam from a train”与原文完全一致。选项B “a speech bubble from a cartoon character”是另一个比喻（描述雾气“hangs in the air like a speech bubble”），但题干问的是“mist...is like”，应直接对应蒸汽火车的比喻；选项C “ice breaking apart”是空气声响的比喻；选项D “lightning”是脚踩地面时疼痛的比喻。故A正确。 6.【答案】B。细节理解题 【解析】本题考查关键信息定位。原文倒数第二段写道：“Off in the distance I see a flash of yellow and blue.” 结合上下文，这正是公交车的颜色，给叙述者带来希望。选项B正确。选项A “His mother coming outside”未提及；选项C “A police car with flashing lights”无依据；选项D “Another person waiting for the bus”与“I stand out here alone”矛盾。故B正确。 7.【答案】A。细节理解题 【解析】本题考查因果关系。原文明确写道：“My thoughts, confused by the intense cold...” 因此思维混乱的原因是“intense cold”。选项A正确。选项B “hunger and thirst”未提及；选项C “the long wait”是背景但非直接原因；选项D “his mother’s waving”发生在后面，且与混乱无关。故A正确。 8.【答案】C。推理判断题 【解析】本题考查情感状态推断。原文说跺脚带来疼痛，“Though it hurts, I am relieved by the pain, as it means my legs still have the capacity to feel!” 在极度寒冷中，麻木是危险的信号，疼痛证明身体还活着，因此他渴望任何表明身体尚存知觉的迹象。选项C “He is desperate for any sign that his body is still alive”最符合。选项A “enjoys hurting himself”曲解文意；选项B “cannot feel anything anymore”与疼痛矛盾；选项D “punish himself”无依据。故C正确。 二、阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Text 1 The Red Squirrel: A Lovely Sight In The UK The red squirrel is a lovely sight in the UK. It has bright red fur, a big tail, and ear tufts. It races around gardens or woodland, looking for new food or trying to remember where it hid something it found the last time. It is smaller than the grey squirrel, which you can also see a lot in the UK. 1 Red squirrels live in many parts of Europe and Asia, and there are a lot of them in the UK. They like living in woods, especially where there are pine trees. Pine trees give them their favourite food - seeds and cones. 2 But, in a development that causes sadness in a lot of British people, the number of red squirrels in the UK has been getting lower for many years. This is mainly because of the grey squirrel, which was brought from North America in the 19th century. Grey squirrels are bigger and better at surviving. 3 Today, people are working hard to protect the red squirrel. They are looking after their living areas, teaching people about them, and sometimes, controlling the number of grey squirrels. 4 But, it is still not certain what will happen to the red squirrel in the UK and an animal which has long been part of history and literature may not survive. The problems faced by the red squirrel show us a bigger issue: how people's actions can harm animals that lived here before us. As we move forward, it's important to think about how what we do can change nature. 5 A. Sadly, they often take away food and space from red squirrels. B. They also eat many different things like nuts, fruits, and insects. C. They are fun to watch when they move quickly up and down trees. D. This shows how interesting and different the animals in the UK can be. E. Losing their homes and getting sick has also made their numbers lower. F. It is a reminder that we need to look after and save the world around us. G. Making sure they have safe places to live is a very important part of saving them. 【答案】DBAGF 【导语】本文介绍英国红松鼠的现状：外形可爱、栖息环境、数量下降的原因（主要因灰松鼠入侵）、保护措施以及背后的生态警示。 1【解析】位置：第一段末尾。前文：红松鼠比灰松鼠小，而灰松鼠在英国也很常见。后文：第二段开始介绍红松鼠的分布和栖息地。选项D：“这表明英国的动物可以有多么有趣和多样” —— 用“this”指代前文对两种松鼠外观与数量的对比，既总结了第一段，又自然引出后文对红松鼠更详细的介绍，逻辑连贯。 2【解析】位置：第二段末尾。前文：松树为红松鼠提供最爱的食物——种子和球果。后文：第三段转折讲数量下降。选项B：“它们也吃许多不同的东西，如坚果、水果和昆虫” —— 补充红松鼠的食性多样性，使信息完整，符合第二段介绍栖息地与饮食习惯的逻辑。 3【解析】位置：第三段末尾。前文：“灰松鼠更大且更善于生存” 紧接在第3空之前。后文：第四段介绍现在的保护工作。选项A：“可悲的是，它们常常抢走红松鼠的食物和空间” —— 直接解释灰松鼠如何导致红松鼠数量下降，与上文“主要因为灰松鼠”及“更大更善于生存”紧密衔接，且“sadly”呼应前文的“causes sadness”。 4【解析】位置：第四段末尾。前文：人们正在努力保护红松鼠：照顾栖息地、教育公众、控制灰松鼠数量。后文：第五段说未来不确定，红松鼠可能无法存活。选项G：“确保它们有安全的地方居住是保护它们非常重要的一部分” —— 对前文中“looking after their living areas”进行强调和具体化，逻辑连贯。 5【解析】位置：第五段末尾。前文：红松鼠的困境反映了人类行为对本土动物的伤害，我们要思考自身行为对自然的影响。选项F：“这是一个提醒，我们需要照顾和保护我们周围的世界” —— 完美总结全文主旨，与“bigger issue”和“important to think”呼应，起到升华主题的作用。 Text 2 The Mystery Of The Mary Celeste The Mary Celeste, often referred to as the ghost ship, is one of the greatest maritime mysteries of all time. Built in Nova Scotia in 1861, the ship was known for its size and speed. 1 In November 1872, the Mary Celeste set sail from New York bound for Italy. She was manned by a crew of eight, along with the ship’s captain, his wife, and their two-year-old daughter. 2 The ship was loaded with industrial alcohol, a common freight at the time. On December 4, 1872, the Mary Celeste was found floating off the coast of Portugal. There were no signs of struggle, the goods were undamaged, and the crew’s personal belongings were still in place. 3 Yet, there was no sign of the captain, his family, or the crew. Where had they gone? Had they abandoned ship in a hurry due to some catastrophe? Had something awful happened to them? Had they been kidnapped? Had they fallen overboard? Over the years, various theories have been proposed to explain the ship’s fate, from piracy to natural disasters. 4 However, the true reason behind the disappearance of the Mary Celeste’s crew remains a mystery. Today, the story of the Mary Celeste continues to captivate the public imagination. 5 It is an unforgettable reminder of the dangers and uncertainties of life at sea. A. Surprisingly, the ship's logbook was still there. F. Only many years later was the mystery solved. G. The mystery only deepens with each passing year. B. Yet, no solid evidence supports any of these theories. C. Despite her impressive build, she had an ill-fated history. D. The weather was clear, and the journey seemed uneventful. E. The ship was designed to withstand the worst sea conditions. 【答案】CDABG 【导语】本文介绍“玛丽·塞勒斯特号”幽灵船的著名海洋未解之谜：船只背景、航行经过、被发现时的诡异情形、各种推测理论，以及这一谜团对后世的持续影响。 1【解析】前文：该船以大小和速度闻名。后文：第二段讲述其最后一次航行。选项C：“尽管建造令人印象深刻，但它有一段不幸的历史” —— 承上启下，从正面特点转折引出悲剧命运，与后文失踪事件自然衔接。 2【解析】前文：船载工业酒精，船员及船长一家。后文：第三段描述船只被发现漂流。选项D：“天气晴朗，航程似乎平静无事” —— 补充航行初期的正常状态，与后文突然发现空船形成强烈对比，增强神秘感。 3【解析】位置：段中（“个人物品仍在原处”之后，“然而没有船员踪迹”之前）。前文：无挣扎痕迹、货物完好、物品未动。后文：然而船长、家人和船员不见踪影。选项A：“令人惊讶的是，船的航海日志还在那里” —— 日志通常会被带走或销毁，它完好留存更显诡异，符合“surprisingly”，且为后文的“yet”提供进一步铺垫。 4【解析】前文：从海盗到自然灾害等理论。后文：然而真正原因仍是谜。选项B：“然而，没有确凿证据支持这些理论” —— 逻辑上承接前文列举的理论，同时引出后文“remains a mystery”，形成合理转折。 5【解析】前文：故事持续引人入胜。后文：提醒人们海上生活的危险与不确定性。选项G：“谜团随着时间流逝只加深” —— 与“continues to captivate”呼应，并自然引出“unforgettable reminder”，强调谜团未解且愈发神秘。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language. 1 , after studying in each of them, I found it is more than that. Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary, there is a 2 (significance) gap in terms of communication styles. I spent one term in the UK, 3 the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking. British people 4 (know) to be polite. So polite, in fact, that they will sometimes say the complete opposite of what they really mean: a common opinion is “It’s not bad”, 5 usually translates as “It’s awful”. No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate 6 it was time to head back home. But it surely left an impression on me. 7 (late), I had the opportunity to study as an exchange student in the USA for one year. Now, when 8 (speak) to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed 9 straight to the point. There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please?” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind?” I had to learn a whole new way of communicating. By the end of the exchange year, I had a somewhat better understanding of how to communicate in both countries, but I still have a lot to master. As my experiences clearly show, learning a language is just the 10 (begin)! 【答案】1. However 2. significant 3. where 4. are known 5. which 6. than 7. Later 8. speaking 9. to get 10. beginning 【详细解析】 1. However（转折连词） 上文说英美两国被共同的语言分隔，下文作者指出自己发现不止如此，还存在沟通风格的差异。前后为转折关系，且空格位于句首，后有逗号，故填However（然而），首字母大写。 2. significant（形容词） 提示词为名词significance（重要性），空格后为名词gap，需要形容词修饰。significant意为“显著的”，故填significant。 3. where（关系副词） 定语从句修饰先行词the UK，从句中“the greatest challenge was...”主谓宾完整，缺少地点状语。where相当于in which，引导定语从句，故填where。 4. are known（固定搭配） “be known to be...”意为“被认为……”。主语British people为复数，且描述一般事实，用一般现在时被动，故填are known。 5. which（关系代词） 非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话“It’s not bad”，从句中缺少主语。which指代事物，引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。 6. than（固定结构） 句型“No sooner had + 主语 + done... than + 从句”意为“一……就……”。此处为倒装结构，填than。 7. Later（副词） 提示词late（晚），需要副词表示“后来”。later符合语境，且位于句首首字母大写，故填Later。 8. speaking（现在分词） “when speaking to Americans”相当于时间状语从句“when I am speaking to Americans”，省略主语和be动词，故填speaking。 9. to get（非谓语动词） 固定搭配“fail to do sth.”意为“未能做成某事”。straight to the point意为“直截了当”，故填to get。 10. beginning（名词） 提示词begin（开始），定冠词the后需接名词。the beginning意为“开端”，故填beginning。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I used to hate the lunchbox my father packed for me. Every morning, long before sunrise, he would slip out of bed and walk slowly into the kitchen in his worn slippers. I often woke to the quiet sound of the spatula (铲) hitting the frying pan — the same sound, day after day. Rice, fried eggs, and leftover vegetables. That was all he knew how to make. The container was old and gray, its lid marked with a faded cartoon sticker that had been my favorite when I was five. Now, at fifteen, I could not think of anything more embarrassing. While my classmates opened their colorful colorful boxes, I would hide mine under the desk, my face burning with shame. “What’s that smell?” a classmate once joked. Everyone laughed. I laughed too, but inside I wanted to disappear. That evening, I exploded. “Why can’t you buy me a proper lunch like other parents?” I shouted. He stood at the kitchen sink, his back bent like a question mark, his hands still wet. He said nothing. He just turned away and ran the water louder. The silence that followed was worse than any shouting. After that day, I refused to take his lunchbox. I survived on chips and cookies, my stomach feeling empty by second period. Every morning, he would still leave the gray box on the table. Every morning, I would walk past it without a word. He never asked why. He never got angry. He just kept hoping. The silence between us grew thicker than the steam from his frying pan. We ate dinner in separate corners. He stopped asking about my day. I stopped looking at him at all. Two months passed like this — cold, quiet, and heavy. One night, I woke up thirsty around midnight and went downstairs. The kitchen light was still on. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I saw my father sitting at the kitchen table, his head bowed over the old gray lunchbox. ____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ “I’m sorry,” I said, my voice barely audible. _______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 【答案】 One possible version: I saw my father sitting at the kitchen table, his head bowed over the old gray lunchbox. His rough fingers were carefully wiping the faded cartoon sticker, as if trying to clean away years of my shame. The unfinished cup of tea beside him had long gone cold. He didn’t hear me come in. I stood there, watching him in silence, my throat tightening with guilt. How many nights had he sat here alone, wondering why his son had pushed him away? The anger I had carried for months suddenly felt heavy and foolish. “Dad?” I whispered. He looked up, his eyes tired but gentle. Without a word, I walked over and sat down beside him. “I’m sorry,” I said, my voice barely audible. He shook his head slowly and placed the lunchbox into my hands. “I know it’s not fancy,” he said softly. “But I put my love in it every morning.” I opened the lid and saw tomorrow’s lunch already packed — rice, fried eggs, and vegetables. The same as always. But for the first time, I saw something different. I saw every sunrise he had given up, every silent hope he had kept alive. I hugged him tightly, tears streaming down my face. From that night on, I never hid his lunchbox again. And every noon, when I opened it, I smiled. 【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了“我”因嫌弃父亲每天准备的简陋便当而感到丢脸，在一次爆发后拒绝再带便当，与父亲陷入长达两个月的冷战。父亲始终保持沉默，每天依然坚持做便当、放在桌上，默默承受着儿子的冷漠。故事展现了青春期孩子的虚荣与愧疚，以及父亲沉默而深沉的爱。 【详解】 1. 段落续写： ① 由第一段首句“我看到父亲坐在厨房桌旁，头低着，面前是那个旧灰色便当盒”可知，第一段应描写“我”深夜下楼看到的场景：父亲独自擦拭便当盒，神情疲惫而温柔。这一幕触动了“我”，让“我”意识到自己的冷漠和父亲默默的付出。 ② 由第二段首句“对不起，”我说道，声音几乎听不见”可知，第二段应描写父子之间的对话与和解。父亲表达了自己做便当的心意，“我”终于理解了这份沉默的爱，并主动拥抱父亲，情感得到升华。 2. 续写线索： 看到父亲擦拭便当盒 → 注意到冷掉的茶 → 内心愧疚 → 轻声叫“爸” → 父亲抬头 → “我”道歉 → 父亲把便当盒递给“我” → 说出心里话 → “我”打开便当 → 看到同样的饭菜 → 第一次看到其中的爱 → 拥抱父亲 → 感悟改变 3. 词汇激活： 行为类：bowed over（低头）、wiping（擦拭）、tightening（收紧）、placed into my hands（放到我手中）、hugged him tightly（紧紧拥抱） 情绪类：guilt（愧疚）、heavy and foolish（沉重而愚蠢）、barely audible（几乎听不见）、tears streaming down（泪水流下） 【点睛】 [高分句型1] His rough fingers were carefully wiping the faded cartoon sticker, as if trying to clean away years of my shame.（运用了“as if + 现在分词”结构，生动地描绘了父亲擦拭贴纸的动作，并暗示了父亲想要抹去儿子心中羞耻感的深层含义。） [高分句型2] How many nights had he sat here alone, wondering why his son had pushed him away?（运用了反问句和现在分词作伴随状语，强烈地表达了“我”内心的自责与愧疚，引发读者共情。） [高分句型3] I saw every sunrise he had given up, every silent hope he had kept alive.（运用了排比结构“every...every...”，将父亲多年来的付出浓缩为两个意象，语言简洁而富有力量，情感升华自然有力。） 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $A helpful discovery. My nepo tom barely spoke when he arrived for our appointment. I put down my cigar and paused. His jaw had a new scar and his eyebrow was cut. I cheated in a test. He whispered, ashamed. He pretended to be sick, but his guilty look gave him away. Anyhow, I didn't get angry. Forgiveness is a virtue and integrity is a decent principle. I wrapped a parcel of mineral water for him and tied a ow. Let's saw some seats. I said, wheel, harvest, translate, tor. He rejoiced at my kindness. Likewise, I felt about in lift. Later, a photographer took our picture. His colour was neat, and he wore a diamond scarfpin. He outlined a plan to arrest a criminal who sold fake organic food. Ths kyi eyes spotted a wire under a garbage bin. That substantial clue LED the police to the core of the case. Innocent families were saved. The geophysicist next ward confirmed the mineral composition was safe. What a super bonus to our day. I felt at wealth while to teach them to be merciful. He learned not to disappoint those who trust him. Every phase of life has a deadline for growth. We embrace guidance from each other. A language exchange learning a new language can be chAllenging, but IT is also rewarding. As a billinger al lona, I often try to encode my thoughts into english and then decode the feedback from native speakers. Their tone and gesture helps me understand the precise meaning of words. I have a preference for watching movies without subtitles to expand my vocabulary. Sometimes I feel embarrassed when I make a slip in grammar, but my friends always tolerate my mistakes. They cite famous singing to encourage me, and they insist smiles make me feel at ties. My competent teacher, mister lee, is knowledgeable about dramatic languages. He often clarifies difficult points with straightforward examples. He says that sympathy and the ability to empathy with others are keys to good communication. I try to behave politely and show respect for cultural to booze. Every intervention from him helps me gain confidence. Last week, I joined a contest in the school canteen where we recited poems in different accents. My handwriting on the answer sheet was neat, and I spoke fluently. I did not reject the chance to perform, though I was a bit pessimistic at first. In the end, I wanna book about po grammar rules. This experience taught me that friction and learning is Normal, and with proper effort, we can turn IT into again. I sin silly. Believe that every small step obtains a brighter future. ( 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ) 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业05 语言知识巩固 选择性必修四 (Units 1-2)（原卷版） 一、听录音，用Unit 1词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Helpful Discovery My ________ Tom ________ spoke when he arrived for our ____________ . I put down my ________ and ________. His ________ had a new ________, and his _________ was cut. “I _________ in a test,” he whispered, ____________. He ____________ to be sick, but his ____________ look gave him away. ____________, I didn’t get angry. ____________ is a __________, and ___________ is a _________ ____________. I __________ a __________ of __________ water for him and tied a ________. “Let’s _________ some seeds,” I said. “We’ll __________ trust later.” He _________ at my kindness. ____________, I felt a ___________ lift. Later, a ____________ took our picture. His ________ was neat, and he wore a diamond scarf pin. He __________ a plan to _________ a __________ who sold fake __________ food. Tom’s _________ eyes spotted a __________ under a ___________ bin. That ____________ clue led the police to the _________ of the case. ____________ families were saved. The ____________ next _________ confirmed the __________ composition was safe. What a _________ __________ to our day! I felt it ____________ to teach Tom to be ____________. He learned not to ____________ those who trust him. Every _________ of life has a _________ for growth. We ____________ ____________ from each other. 二、听录音，用Unit 2词汇表内所学的单词完成以下短文。 A Language Exchange. Learning a new language can be challenging, but it is also rewarding. As a ____________ learner, I often try to __________ my thoughts into English and then __________ the ____________ from native speakers. Their ________ and __________ help me understand the __________ meaning of words. I have a ____________ for watching movies without subtitles to expand my ____________. Sometimes I feel ____________ when I make a _______ in grammar, but my friends always ___________ my mistakes. They _______ famous sayings to encourage me, and their __________ smiles make me feel at ease. My ____________ teacher, Mr. Li, is ____________ about ____________ languages. He often ___________ difficult points with ____________ examples. He says that ____________ and the ability to ____________ with others are keys to good communication. I try to __________ politely and show respect for cultural __________. Every ____________ from him helps me _________ confidence. Last week, I joined a _________ in the school _________ where we recited poems in different __________. My ____________ on the answer sheet was neat, and I spoke ________. I did not _________ the chance to perform, though I was a bit __________ at first. In the end, I won a book about __________ grammar rules. This experience taught me that __________ in learning is normal, and with proper effort, we can turn it into ________. I ____________ believe that every small step ____________ a brighter future. 三、重点单词 1. cheat (v.) 欺骗；作弊 → ____________ (n.) 作弊行为 → ____________ (n.) 作弊者 2. pretend (v.) 假装；装扮 → ____________ (n.) 假装，虚伪 → ____________ (n.) 假装者，冒充者 3. resign (v.) 辞职，辞去 → ____________ (n.) 辞职 → ____________ (adj.) 顺从的，听任的 4. sow (v.) 播种，种 → ____________ (n.) 播种 →____________ (n.) 播种者 5. quote (v.) 引用；举例说明 → __________ (n.) 引语，引文 → __________ (adj.) 可引用的，值得引用的 6. harvest (v.) 收割；收获 → ____________ (n.) 收割 → ____________ (n.) 收割者，收割机 7. sew (v.) 缝，做针线活 → ____________ (n.) 缝纫，针线活 → ____________ (n.) 缝纫者 8. wrap (v.) 包，裹；用……缠绕 → ____________ (n.) 包装材料，包裹纸 → ____________ (n.) 包装者；包装纸 9. reliable (adj.) 可信赖的，可靠的 → ____________ (n.) 可靠性 → ____________ (adv.) 可靠地 10. bless (v.) 祝福；（表示惊奇）→ ____________ (n.) 祝福，幸事 → ____________ (adj.) 受祝福的 11. suspect (v.) 疑有，怀疑 → ____________ (n.) 怀疑 → ____________ (adj.) 可疑的，怀疑的 12. legal (adj.) 合法的；法律的 → ____________ (n.) 合法性 → ____________ (v.) 使合法化 13. guilty (adj.) 感到内疚的；有罪的 → ____________ (n.) 内疚，罪行 → ____________ (adv.) 内疚地 四、重点短语 1. account for sth 是……的说明（或原因）；（数量上、比例上）占 2. approve of 赞成，赞同 3. arm in arm 臂挽着臂；挽着胳膊 4. at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置，对……无能为力 5. be on one’s way 即将走/来 6. broaden one's mind 拓展视野，开阔眼界 7. in terms of 就……而言 8. integrate A into / with B 把A与B合并 9. keep an appointment with 遵守与……的约定 10. live a lie 为人虚伪 11. on the beat 在巡逻 12. put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 13. tear down 拆毁，拆除 14. under arrest 被逮捕 15. weigh on sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 一、单句语法填空 1. The teacher found evidence of __________ on the exam, and she talked to the __________ privately. (cheat) 2. His __________ of illness was obvious, but the __________ soon admitted the truth. (pretend) 3. The manager accepted his __________, and the __________ left the company with dignity. (resign) 4. Spring __________ requires patience, and a careful __________ will enjoy a good harvest. (sow) 5. The essay included a __________ from a famous book, and the __________ was credited properly. (quote) 6. The __________ of crops took two weeks, and the __________ worked from dawn to dusk. (harvest) 7. She enjoys __________ as a hobby, and she is a skilled __________. (sew) 8. The gift was covered in colorful __________, and the __________ had tied a ribbon around it. (wrap) 9. His immediate __________ to the news was shock, and as a quick __________, he took action at once. (react) 10. The __________ between the two reports was obvious, and as a foreign __________, he covered the event. (correspond) 11. The __________ between the two sides lasted three hours, and the chief __________ finally reached a deal. (negotiate) 12. Despite strong __________ from his family, he remained a determined __________ of the plan. (oppose) 13. The __________ of immigrants into the community was smooth, and as a social __________, he helped them settle. (integrate) 二、用所给短语的适当形式填空 account for sth, approve of, arm in arm, at the mercy of sb./sth. be on one’s way, broaden one's mind, in terms of, integrate A into / with B, keep an appointment with, live a lie, on the beat, put yourself in sb's shoes, tear down, under arrest, weigh on sb./sth. 1. The heavy rain might __________ the delay of the flight. 2. My parents have always __________ my decision to study abroad. 3. The two old friends walked down the street __________, chatting happily. 4. Without a life jacket, the swimmer was completely __________ the strong currents. 5. Don’t worry. The doctor is __________ to see you. 6. Traveling to different countries can really __________. 7. __________ education, this city has some of the best schools in the country. 8. The school aims to __________ technology __________ every classroom. 9. I’m sorry I’m late. I had trouble __________ my dentist. 10. He felt he was __________ because he pretended to be happy when he was actually miserable. 11. The police officer has been __________ for over ten years, keeping the neighborhood safe. 12. Before you judge her, try to __________ and understand why she made that choice. 13. The old factory will be __________ to make room for a new park. 14. The suspect is now __________ and will be taken to the police station. 15. The constant pressure to succeed has been __________ her mind for months. 三、课文长句翻译与仿写 1. Well, we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might have to come. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：去年，他们约定每天早晨在公园门口碰面，然后一起晨跑，无论天气如何或他们有多忙。 2. Hesitating over what to do, I continued listening to him, and I gradually became convinced that he had made his fortune in ways that were not legal. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：在决定是否接受这份工作邀请时，我仔细阅读了合同，最终相信其中有一些不公平的条款。 3. A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds; likewise, a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：一棵没有根基的树会被风暴轻易吹倒；同样，一个没有明确目标的人会轻易被生活中的困难打败。 4. So, dear students, take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities, so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：所以，年轻的运动员们，通过每天坚持训练迈出你们走向成功的第一步吧，这样未来的比赛才会成为你们展示自我的舞台。 5. For example, if you are a business person negotiating with a large enterprise about a deal, you should do it face to face, using formal language in a straightforward manner. 中文翻译： 英文仿写：例如，如果你是一名正在准备重要演讲的学生，你应该在镜子前练习，注意你的肢体语言和语调。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Text 1 The Lost Library Card Emma woke up with a start. Today was the day her class was taking a special trip to the new city museum, and she needed her permission slip signed. She scrambled out of bed and rushed into the kitchen, where the delicious smell of pancakes was already filling the air. “Good morning, sleepyhead,” her dad smiled, flipping a pancake onto a plate. “Are you excited for the trip?” Emma stopped dead in her tracks. Her heart sank, and the smile vanished from her face. “Dad,” she whispered, her voice trembling. “I can’t find my permission slip anywhere. I thought I put it in my blue folder last night, but it’s not there.” Her dad placed his spatula down and gave her a warm, reassuring look. “Don’t panic, kiddo. Let’s retrace your steps. Where did you do your homework yesterday?” Emma thought hard. “At the kitchen table, and then I took my folder to the living room to show Mom.” “Well, let’s look in the living room first,” her dad suggested. The two of them walked into the living room. Emma began searching the couch cushions while her dad checked the coffee table. Just as she was about to give up, she spotted the corner of a bright blue paper sticking out from underneath the sofa pillows. With a gasp of excitement, she dove for it. It was the permission slip, completely safe and perfectly signed by her mother! Emma threw her arms around her dad’s waist, breathing a huge sigh of relief. She quickly put the paper into her backpack and sprinted back into the kitchen to finish her breakfast. She was finally ready for a fantastic day at the museum. 1. Where did Emma initially think she put her permission slip? A. On the kitchen counter B. In her blue folder C. Under the sofa cushions D. Inside her backpack 2. How did Emma feel when she first realized the permission slip was missing? A. Angry B. Excited C. Nervous and upset D. Bored 3. Which of the following best describes Emma’s dad? A. Strict and easily frustrated B. Forgetful and careless C. Too busy to care D. Calm and helpful 4. Who found the permission slip in the end? A. Emma B. Dad C. Mom D. Both Emma and Dad Text 2 The word freezing is not sufficient to describe the biting cold that is surrounding my body at this very moment. My bones are cold, rigid, and sore; my inner being is frozen and dark; my legs are numb; and no warmth at all remains in my body. Were you to take my temperature right now, it would register 32 degrees or below. The wait for the bus has seemed never-ending and intolerable. I stand out here alone, forlorn and solitary, waiting for the yellow and blue vehicle that represents relief and safety. The air around me seems to crackle like ice breaking apart with each breath I take. The mist coming from my mouth is like the steam from a train. It hangs in the air like a speech bubble from a cartoon character. My thoughts, confused by the intense cold, somehow arrive at the idea that I need to stamp my feet to help sensation return. As each foot meets the pavement, a wave of pain travels up my leg like lightning. Though it hurts, I am relieved by the pain, as it means my legs still have the capacity to feel! I twist around to look back at my house, and there, inside the steamy window, is my mom observing me like a proud mother hen watching her chick take her first steps toward independence. She seems unreal as she waves happily to me; she is dressed only in her warm cozy pajamas and looks completely comfortable. Is it possible that she cannot be experiencing this painful cold? How can she escape this? I turn away, not wanting her to see how wounded I am by her comfort. Off in the distance I see a flash of yellow and blue. Is it possible? Will I survive this frozen suffering? Yes, the bus has arrived, and I am saved for another day. 5. The narrator says the mist coming from his mouth is like ______. A. the steam from a train. B. a speech bubble from a cartoon character. C. ice breaking apart in the air. D. lightning that travels up his leg. 6. According to the passage, what does the narrator see in the distance that gives him hope? A. His mother coming outside. B. A flash of yellow and blue. C. A police car with flashing lights. D. Another person waiting for the bus. 7. The narrator describes his thoughts as being “confused” because of ______. A. the intense cold. B. his hunger and thirst. C. the long wait. D. his mother’s waving. 8. The narrator says that although stamping his feet causes pain, “I am relieved by the pain.” What does this most likely reveal about his emotional state? A. He enjoys hurting himself to forget the cold. B. He is confused and cannot feel anything anymore. C. He is desperate for any sign that his body is still alive. D. He wants to punish himself for leaving the house. 二、阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Text 1 The Red Squirrel: A Lovely Sight In The UK The red squirrel is a lovely sight in the UK. It has bright red fur, a big tail, and ear tufts. It races around gardens or woodland, looking for new food or trying to remember where it hid something it found the last time. It is smaller than the grey squirrel, which you can also see a lot in the UK. 1 Red squirrels live in many parts of Europe and Asia, and there are a lot of them in the UK. They like living in woods, especially where there are pine trees. Pine trees give them their favourite food - seeds and cones. 2 But, in a development that causes sadness in a lot of British people, the number of red squirrels in the UK has been getting lower for many years. This is mainly because of the grey squirrel, which was brought from North America in the 19th century. Grey squirrels are bigger and better at surviving. 3 Today, people are working hard to protect the red squirrel. They are looking after their living areas, teaching people about them, and sometimes, controlling the number of grey squirrels. 4 But, it is still not certain what will happen to the red squirrel in the UK and an animal which has long been part of history and literature may not survive. The problems faced by the red squirrel show us a bigger issue: how people's actions can harm animals that lived here before us. As we move forward, it's important to think about how what we do can change nature. 5 A. Sadly, they often take away food and space from red squirrels. B. They also eat many different things like nuts, fruits, and insects. C. They are fun to watch when they move quickly up and down trees. D. This shows how interesting and different the animals in the UK can be. E. Losing their homes and getting sick has also made their numbers lower. F. It is a reminder that we need to look after and save the world around us. G. Making sure they have safe places to live is a very important part of saving them. Text 2 The Mystery Of The Mary Celeste The Mary Celeste, often referred to as the ghost ship, is one of the greatest maritime mysteries of all time. Built in Nova Scotia in 1861, the ship was known for its size and speed. 1 In November 1872, the Mary Celeste set sail from New York bound for Italy. She was manned by a crew of eight, along with the ship’s captain, his wife, and their two-year-old daughter. 2 The ship was loaded with industrial alcohol, a common freight at the time. On December 4, 1872, the Mary Celeste was found floating off the coast of Portugal. There were no signs of struggle, the goods were undamaged, and the crew’s personal belongings were still in place. 3 Yet, there was no sign of the captain, his family, or the crew. Where had they gone? Had they abandoned ship in a hurry due to some catastrophe? Had something awful happened to them? Had they been kidnapped? Had they fallen overboard? Over the years, various theories have been proposed to explain the ship’s fate, from piracy to natural disasters. 4 However, the true reason behind the disappearance of the Mary Celeste’s crew remains a mystery. Today, the story of the Mary Celeste continues to captivate the public imagination. 5 It is an unforgettable reminder of the dangers and uncertainties of life at sea. A. Surprisingly, the ship's logbook was still there. F. Only many years later was the mystery solved. G. The mystery only deepens with each passing year. B. Yet, no solid evidence supports any of these theories. C. Despite her impressive build, she had an ill-fated history. D. The weather was clear, and the journey seemed uneventful. E. The ship was designed to withstand the worst sea conditions. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language. 1 , after studying in each of them, I found it is more than that. Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary, there is a 2 (significance) gap in terms of communication styles. I spent one term in the UK, 3 the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking. British people 4 (know) to be polite. So polite, in fact, that they will sometimes say the complete opposite of what they really mean: a common opinion is “It’s not bad”, 5 usually translates as “It’s awful”. No sooner had I begun to understand how British people communicate 6 it was time to head back home. But it surely left an impression on me. 7 (late), I had the opportunity to study as an exchange student in the USA for one year. Now, when 8 (speak) to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed 9 straight to the point. There were times when questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please?” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind?” I had to learn a whole new way of communicating. By the end of the exchange year, I had a somewhat better understanding of how to communicate in both countries, but I still have a lot to master. As my experiences clearly show, learning a language is just the 10 (begin)! 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I used to hate the lunchbox my father packed for me. Every morning, long before sunrise, he would slip out of bed and walk slowly into the kitchen in his worn slippers. I often woke to the quiet sound of the spatula (铲) hitting the frying pan — the same sound, day after day. Rice, fried eggs, and leftover vegetables. That was all he knew how to make. The container was old and gray, its lid marked with a faded cartoon sticker that had been my favorite when I was five. Now, at fifteen, I could not think of anything more embarrassing. While my classmates opened their colorful colorful boxes, I would hide mine under the desk, my face burning with shame. “What’s that smell?” a classmate once joked. Everyone laughed. I laughed too, but inside I wanted to disappear. That evening, I exploded. “Why can’t you buy me a proper lunch like other parents?” I shouted. He stood at the kitchen sink, his back bent like a question mark, his hands still wet. He said nothing. He just turned away and ran the water louder. The silence that followed was worse than any shouting. After that day, I refused to take his lunchbox. I survived on chips and cookies, my stomach feeling empty by second period. Every morning, he would still leave the gray box on the table. Every morning, I would walk past it without a word. He never asked why. He never got angry. He just kept hoping. The silence between us grew thicker than the steam from his frying pan. We ate dinner in separate corners. He stopped asking about my day. I stopped looking at him at all. Two months passed like this — cold, quiet, and heavy. One night, I woke up thirsty around midnight and went downstairs. The kitchen light was still on. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I saw my father sitting at the kitchen table, his head bowed over the old gray lunchbox. ____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ “I’m sorry,” I said, my voice barely audible. _______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 1 / 5 ( zxxk.com )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $