期末语法讲练结合-2025-2026学年英语五年级下册期末专项冲刺（牛津上海版试用本）

**基本信息** 聚焦五年级下册期末核心语法，以“概念解析-方法提炼-典例精析-综合集训”构建系统训练体系，强化语言运用能力与逻辑思维。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |物主代词|1例|“有名则形，无名则名”口诀；表格对比形/名物主代词|从分类（形/名物主代词）到句法功能（定语/主宾表语），通过对比辨析用法| |情态动词shall和can|1例|情态动词否定/疑问句规则；can表能力/请求、shall表建议/命令的语境区分|按功能分类讲解，结合句型转换训练语境应用| |一般现在时|1例|三单变化规则（加s/es等）；be动词用法口诀；易错点正误对比|从定义到用法（习惯/状态/真理），聚焦三单和be动词两大核心易错点| |一般过去时|1例|四句型结构（肯定/否定/疑问/特殊疑问）；时间标志词识别|以时间标志词为切入点，通过句型结构训练掌握动词时态变化|

2025-2026学年英语五年级下册期末专项冲刺（牛津上海版试用本） 期末语法讲练结合 语法考点一：物主代词 语法考点二：情态动词shall和can 语法考点三：一般现在时 语法考点四：一般过去时 语法考点一 物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，与人称代词一样，也有人称和数的变化。分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 数 类别 人 称 单 数 复 数 形容词性 名词性 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 my mine our ours 第二人称 your yours your yours 第三人称 his his their theirs her hers its its · 形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，在句子中作定语，后面跟名词。 This is my mother. 这是我的妈妈。（my用在名词mother前，作定语） · 名词性物主代词具有名词性质，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语或者表语。 These apples are yours. Ours are in the basket. We can eat theirs. 这些苹果是你们的。我们的在篮子里。我们可以先吃他们的苹果。 （yours=your apples ours=our apples theirs=their apples，yours在句子中作表语，ours在句子 中作主语，theirs在句子中作宾语。） 口诀 有名则形，无名则名。 （后面有名词，就用形容词性物主代词；后面没名词，就用名词性物主代词。） 【经典例题】 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 —May I use (you) car?   —Sorry. (I) is not here. 点拨 答案：your Mine 【详解】句意：—我可以使用下你的小汽车吗？—对不起。我的不在这。本题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，you你，做car的定语，用形容词性物主代词your你的；I我，该空后面没有名词，用名词性物主代词mine我的。故答案为your；Mine。 语法考点二 情态动词shall和can 情态动词，本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，一般与实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度，没有人称和数的变化。 1)肯定句变否定句，直接在情态动词后面加not。 2)肯定句变一般疑问句，直接将情态动词移到句首。 can: 1)表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 I can speak English, Chinese and French. 我能说英语、中文和法语三种语言。 2)表示请求、允许。 Can you give me some flowers? 您能给我一些花吗？ 3)表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 The hall can hold 500 people at least. 这个接待厅最少能容纳500人。 4)表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句。 Can this be true? 这是真的吗？ shall: 1)主语是第一人称时，表建议或者是征求对方的意见。 Shall we go now? 我们现在走吗？ 2)陈述句中，主语是第二人称和第三人称时，表命令、警告、允诺等。 The students shall wear uniforms at school. 学生应该在学校穿校服。 He shall watch TV when he finished his homework. 他完成作业就可以看电视。 【经典例题】 单选题。 —Shall we ________ to the cinema this evening? —That’s great! A．go B．to go C．going 点拨 答案：A 【详解】句意：—今天晚上我们可以________电影院吗？—那太好了！go是动词原形，to go是动词不定式，going是动名词或动词现在分词，根据句子时态是一般将来时，Shall we+动词原形+其他？ 语法考点三 一般现在时 ①定义：一般现在时通常表示经常发生的动作或存在。 ②用法 · 表示经常性或习惯性的动作： My mother always gets up early. 我的妈妈总是很早起床。 · 表示目前的情况或状态： It's sunny and windy today. 今天晴朗多风。 · 表示主语的性格、特征和其所具备的能力等： My new Chinese teacher is strict. 我的新语文老师很严厉。 · 表示客观事实或普遍真理： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 · 用在格言、谚语中： Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 ③分类 · be 动词的一般现在时 · 含有实义动词的一般现在时 易错点提示 易错点1：主语为he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词时，实义动词要变三单（加 s/es）。 ❌ He play football every day. ✅ He plays football every day. 动词第三人称单数的变化规则 首先，我们先学习什么是第三人称单数？ 第三人称单数就是指 “不是‘我’（I）、不是‘你’（you）、不是复数（they）的人、动物或事物”。 类别 示例 他（he） my father, Tom, the boy 她（she） my mother, Amy, the girl 它（it） a dog, the book, milk, Beijing 可视作单数的人名、地名、称呼等 Mike, China, Miss White 动词第三人称单数的变化有哪些规则呢？ ①一般在动词的词尾加s like→likes look→looks ②以ch、sh、s、x及辅音字母加o结尾，词尾加es teach→teaches wash→washes guess→guesses mix→mixes do→does ③以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i，再加es study→studies fly→flies cry→cries ④不规则变化特殊记 have→has be→is,are 易错点2：I 用 am，you 用 are，he/she/it/ 单数名词用 is，we/they/ 复数名词用 are。 ❌ She are a student. ✅She is a student. 【经典例题】 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Who (have) got the pineapple? 点拨 答案：has 【详解】句意：谁拿到菠萝了？本题考查动词的形式，have got有，who做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，have的第三人称单数形式为has。故答案为has。 语法考点四 一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday、last night、the day before yesterday 等连用。句型结构为：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. 例句：My father got home at 9 o'clock last night. 我爸爸昨晚九点到的家。 He was very busy last weekend. 上周末他很忙。 一般过去时的四种句型结构： 1. 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。 例句：I played the piano yesterday. 我昨天弹钢琴了。 2. 否定句：主语 + did + not + 动词原形 + 其他。 例句：I didn't play football yesterday. 我昨天没有踢足球。 3. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：Did you go to school yesterday? 你昨天去上学了吗？ 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：What did you do last weekend? 你上周末干什么了？ 【经典例题】 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 What Tom (do) in the Art class just now? 点拨 答案：did do 【详解】句意：刚才在美术课上汤姆____什么了？句子是What引导的特殊疑问句，根据just now可知时态是一般过去时，助动词用did，do动词，做，用原形。 考点集训 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1．—Are these your notebooks? —No, they’re ________. A．mine B．her C．theirs ( ) 2．—What ________ you ________ for breakfast yesterday? —Some bread. A．do, have B．did, had C．did, have ( ) 3．—Shall we get ________ green tea, Mum? —________ A．some; OK. B．any; No, you can’t. C．many; Sure. ( ) 4．People usually give thank-you cards ________ each other ________ Thanksgiving. A．to; at B．for; in C．to; on ( ) 5．The Lis ________ the furniture every month. Mr Li ________ the clock on the shelf last night. A．moved; puts B．move; puts C．move; put ( ) 6．There ________ any jam in the jar. Shall we go and buy ________? A．is; any B．are; some C．isn’t; some ( ) 7．Children can’t eat ________ sweets, because they are ________ for their teeth. A．too many; good B．too many; bad C．too much; bad ( ) 8．Tom’s father and mother ________ in Beijing last month. Now they ________ in Shanghai. A．were, are B．was, were C．are, were ( ) 9．Linda can’t play ________ drums. But she can play ________ basketball. A．the, / B．/, the C．the, the ( ) 10．The children in the garden do everything ________. A．loud B．noisy C．loudly 二、选词并用单词的适当形式填空。 they   lorry   play   health    do 1．On the king’s birthday, people all open mouths and listen. 2．It’s ten o’clock. It’s time sports. 3．There are two on the road. 4．An child eats too much sweet food. 5．Jim was too fat, because he do any exercise before. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．In Spain, people throw at each other in August. (tomato) 2．—Is this (she) hat? —No, it isn’t. (she) is blue. 3． (we) classroom is on the (three) floor. (they) is on the (two) floor. 4．There (be) any ham in the fridge now！What should I (do)? 5．My father likes (eat) apples very much. He (eat) two apples last night. 6．Alice, (not do) watch the cartoon now. It’s time for supper. 7．A long time ago, there (be) three pigs in the forest. 8．It (be) a (cloud) day yesterday. 9．I don’t like the (sun). I like (snow) weather. 10．—Where (be) Tom and Ben now? —They (skip) in the garden. 四、选词填空。 am    is    are    was    were 1．Once my sister short. But now she tall. 2．Kitty’s storybook on her desk. Now it (be not) there. 3．—Where are the students? —They in the music room just now. But they in the playground now. 4．It eight o’clock. The students having lessons.. 5．I at a restaurant just now. But now I at home. 6．—Where you last night?   —I in the supermarket. 7．There some juice in the bottle. Now there nothing in the bottle. 五、选词或短语填空。 under    in    on    behind    between    beside     next to    in front of 1．There are some changes our living room. 2．The sofa was the shelf. Now it’s under the window. 3．The mirror is now the two pictures. 4．Now the clock is the round table. 5．Mary is my deskmate. She is sitting me. 6．—Where is the cat? I can’t see it. —It’s the door. 7．Let’s put the tea table the sofa. 8．There is a lamp on the small table the bed. 六、为句子选择合适的答语。 A．They can perform Beijing Opera. B．They are robots. C．There are some robots. D．They’re performing Beijing Opera. E．Yes, they are robots. ( ) 1．What are the robots doing? ( ) 2．What’s in the museum? ( ) 3．What are these? ( ) 4．Are they robots? ( ) 5．What can the robots do? 七、句型转换。 1．These are their school bags. (对划线部分提问) ________ school bags ________ these? 2．I like Chinese best. (换种表达，意思不变) ________ ________  subject is Chinese. 3．Watching too much TV is unhealthy for you. (改为否定句，意思不变) Watching too much TV ________ ________ for you. 4．Mike did some homework at six. (用now改写句子) Mike ________ ________ some homework now. 5．My brother had chicken noodles for breakfast. (划线提问) What ________ your brother ________ for breakfast? 八、阅读短文，选择填空。 Nowadays more and more people in the world are 1 fatter, which troubles them a lot. 2 say that it has a lot to do with our 3 habit. Our eating habits are very 4 for good health and a strong body. Most of us like 5 sweets and ice cream. But if we eat them before a meal, they may take away our appetite.(食欲) It is important for us to eat our meal at the same time each day. When we feel worried or excited, we may not want to eat. ( ) 1．A．get B．getting C．got ( ) 2．A．Doctors B．We C．Mum ( ) 3．A．eating B．sports C．healthy ( ) 4．A．happy B．important C．yummy ( ) 5．A．eat B．eating C．eats 参考答案 一、单项选择。 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 二、选词并用单词的适当形式填空。 1．their 2．to play 3．lorries 4．unhealthy 5．didn’t 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1．tomatoes 2．her；Hers 3．Our；third；Theirs；second 4．isn’t；do 5．eating/to eat；ate 6．don’t 7．were 8．was；cloudy 9．sun；snowy 10．are；are skipping 四、选词填空。 1．was；is 2．was；isn’t 3．were；are 4．is；are 5．was；am 6．were；was 7．was；is 五、选词或短语填空。 1．in 2．under 3．between 4．on 5．beside 6．behind 7．in front of 8．next to 六、为句子选择合适的答语。 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．E 5．A 七、句型转换。 1．Whose；are 2．My；favourite 3．isn’t；healthy 4．is；doing 5．did；have 八、阅读短文，选择填空。 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．B 第 1 页 共 6 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $