期末常见词性转换 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版八年级英语下册

初中常见词性转换 一、名词 ↔ 动词 1. 动词 → 名词（表人/职业） 1). -er 做某事的人/物 work → worker 工人 teach → teacher 教师 drive → driver 司机 play → player 运动员 run → runner 跑步者 read → reader 读者 2). -or （外来词，少数） act → actor 演员 visit → visitor 游客 invent → inventor 发明家 collect → collector 收藏家 3). -ist 专家、爱好者 art → artist 艺术家 tour → tourist 游客 science → scientist 科学家 2. 动词 → 名词（表动作/状态） 1). -tion / -sion act → action 行动 decide → decision 决定 discuss → discussion 讨论 invite → invitation 邀请 explain → explanation 解释 2). -ment develop → development 发展 agree → agreement 同意 move → movement 运动 argue → argument 争论 3). -ance / -ence appear → appearance 外貌 differ → difference 差异 4). -ing（动名词/事物） swim → swimming 游泳 draw → drawing 图画 3. 名词 → 动词（词义相近） danger(n.危险) → endanger(v.危及) courage(n.鼓励) → encourage(v.鼓励) 二、形容词 ↔ 名词 1. 形容词 → 名词（表性质、状态） 1). -ness（最通用） happy → happiness 幸福 sad → sadness 悲伤 kind → kindness 善良 busy → busyness 忙碌 weak → weakness 弱点 2). -th（特殊变形，拼写变化） long → length 长度 wide → width 宽度 deep → depth 深度 true → truth 真相 3). -ity active → activity 活动 real → reality 现实 2. 名词 → 形容词 1). -ful 充满……的（褒义） care → careful 细心的 help → helpful 有帮助的 use → useful 有用的 hope → hopeful 满怀希望的 2). -less 无……的（反义） care → careless 粗心的 use → useless 无用的 hope → hopeless 无望的 home → homeless 无家可归的 3). -y 多……的（多接天气/自然名词） wind → windy 有风的 rain → rainy 下雨的 cloud → cloudy 多云的 snow → snowy 下雪的 health → healthy 健康的 wealth → wealthy富裕的 4). -al nature → natural 自然的 music → musical 音乐的 nation → national 国家的 person → personal 个人的 5). -ous 充满……的 danger → dangerous 危险的 mystery → mysterious 神秘的 6). -ish / -ive fool → foolish 愚蠢的 self → selfish 自私的 act → active 积极的 三、形容词 ↔ 副词 规则变化（中考核心） 1. 一般直接 + -ly quick → quickly 快速地 slow → slowly 慢慢地 2. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾：变 y 为 i + ly happy → happily 开心地 heavy → heavily 沉重地 3. 以辅音字母加le 结尾：改le 为ly gentle → gently 温柔地 possible → possibly 可能的 simple → simply 简单地 特殊不变形（形容词=副词，必考） fast 快的/快地 hard 努力的/努力地 late 迟的/迟地 early 早的/早地 易混辨析 hard (adj.困难的) → hardly (adv. 几乎不) near (近的) → nearly (几乎) 四、反义词转换（前缀，常考） 1. un- 不……（加形容词/副词） happy → unhappy 不开心 lucky → unlucky 不幸的 fair → unfair 不公平 usual → unusual 不寻常 2. im- 不……（接 p/b/m 前） polite → impolite 不礼貌 possible → impossible 不可能 3. in- 不…… active → inactive 不活跃 correct → incorrect 错误的 4. dis- 不/否定（加动词/名词） like → dislike 不喜欢 agree → disagree 不同意 honest → dishonest 不诚实 五、高频不规则变形（单独背诵，必考） 1. 名词 ↔ 形容词 health (n.健康) → healthy (adj.) illness (n.疾病) → ill (adj.) pride (n.骄傲) → proud (adj.) 2. 动词 ↔ 名词 choose → choice 选择 die → death 死亡 live → life 生命 fail → failure 失败 3. 形容词 ↔ 名词 different → difference 区别 important → importance 重要性 4. 形容词 → 动词 wide → widen 拓宽 short → shorten 缩短 六、中考最常考「一组多转换」串联（必背） 1. care (v./n.) careful (adj.) → carefully (adv.) → careless (adj.粗心的) 2. use (v./n.) useful (adj.) → useless (adj.) 3. help (v./n.) helpful (adj.) → helpless (adj.) 4. act (v.) action (n.) → actor/actress (n.演员) → active (adj.) 5. die (v.死) dead (adj.死的) → death (n.死亡) → dying (adj.垂死的) 【即学即练】 1. You should listen to your teacher ___________(care) in class. 2. Don’t be ___________(care) or you will make lots of mistakes. 3. My uncle is a factory ___________(work) and he works very hard. 4. Miss Li is the best English ___________(teach) in our school. 5. My dream is to be a bus ___________(drive) in the future. 6. The football ___________(play) won the match easily yesterday. 7. Many foreign ___________(visit) come to our city every year. 8. This famous ___________(art) draws beautiful landscape paintings. 9. My brother wants to become a great ___________(science) when he grows up. 10. We must take useful ___________(act) to protect wild animals. 11. Please tell me your final ___________(decide) before tomorrow. 12. We had a lively ___________(discuss) about our school trip. 13. Thank you for your warm ___________(invite) to the party. 14. The ___________(die) of his grandfather made him very sad. 15. The fast ___________(develop) of science changes our life. 16. All members finally reached an _______________(agree) on the plan. 17. A ___________(honest) person will lose others’ trust soon. 18. There are many ______________(different) between the two pictures. 19. ___________(swim) is a good sport to keep healthy in summer. 20. It is ___________(polite) to smoke in public places. 21. Swimming in a river alone is ___________(danger). 22. His ___________(choose) changed his whole life. 23. True ___________(happy) comes from hard work. 24. She was full of ___________(sad) when she lost her pet dog. 25. We should treat everyone around us with ___________(kind). 26. Laziness is one of people’s biggest ___________(weak). 27. We should realize the ___________(important) of reading. 28. He ___________(agree) with me and held a different opinion. 29. I ___________(like) rainy days because they make me feel upset. 30. We should always stick to the ___________(true). 31. Taking mobile phones to class is ___________(proper). 32. If you study ___________(hard), you will get better grades. 33. Keeping exercising can make people ___________(health) and strong. 34. He is a ___________(wealth) businessman but he is very kind. 35. We are amazed at the ___________(nature) beauty of the countryside. 36. It’s ___________(health) to eat a lot of junk food. 37. We must protect our ___________(nation) culture and tradition. 38. Don’t tell your ___________(person) information to strangers. 39. It is very ___________(danger) to play with fire. 40. It is _______________(possible) for humans to live without water. 41. It is ___________(fool) to give up your dreams easily. 42. A ___________(self) person will never win true friendship. 43. It is ___________(correct) to copy others’ homework. 44. The little boy ran ___________(quick) to catch the bus. 45. Please walk ___________(slow) when you cross the busy street. 46. The kids laughed ___________(happy) at the birthday party. 47. We can finish the task ___________(easy) with teamwork. 48. It rained ___________(heavy) during the whole night. 49. Hard work leads to ___________(succeed) in the end. 50. He is an excellent ___________(act) who has acted in many movies. 51. After the earthquake, many people are ___________(home) and need our help. 52. It is ___________(use) to cry after you miss the chance. 53. The rainy weather made him feel ___________(hope). 54. The reporter told the ___________(true) about the whole event. 55. They had a serious ___________(argue) about the travel plan. 56. His ___________(fail) made him learn a valuable lesson. 57. The little boy is a fast ___________(run) in our grade. 58. We should be ___________(help) to people in need. 59. You can ___________(possible) finish the task in such a short time. 60. The ___________(move) of the earth causes day and night. 参考答案 1. carefully 2. careless 3. worker 4. teacher 5. driver 6. player 7. visitors 8. artist 9. scientist 10. action 11. decision 12. discussion 13. invitation 14. death 15. development 16. agreement 17. dishonest 18. differences 19. Swimming 20. impolite 21. dangerous 22. choice 23. happiness 24. sadness 25. kindness 26. weaknesses 27. importance 28. disagreed 29. dislike 30. truth 31. improper 32. hard 33. healthy 34. wealthy 35. natural 36. unhealthy 37. national 38. personal 39. dangerous 40. impossible 41. foolish 42. selfish 43. incorrect 44. quickly 45. slowly 46. happily 47. easily 48. heavily 49. success 50. actor 51. homeless 52. useless 53. hopeless 54. truth 55. argument 56. failure 57. runner 58. helpful 59. possibly 60. movement 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $