专题03 被动语态(讲义)-2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)

2026-06-09
| 2份
| 22页
| 81人阅读
| 0人下载
精品

内容正文:

编写说明:2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》的第3个专题,内容为专题03 (被动语态)。 2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》 专题03 (被动语态) 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 知识回顾 考点 高频考点 被动语态(近7年考6次) 1、 被动语态的定义 2、 被动语态的构成 3、 被动语态时态的变化 4、 被动语态的用法 5、 被动语态的特殊结构形式 6、 “It is said that+从句”及其他类似句型 7、 无被动形式的特殊词 03考点即时训练 被动语态即时训练 04真题溯源·考向感知 2020年--2025,连续6年的被动语态真题(共6道真题练习、解析)。 01 考情解码·命题预警 【复习目标】 依据“十四五”职业教育国家规划教材(中等职业学校公共基础课程教材)、湖南省普通高等学校对口招生考试英语考试基本要求及考试大纲。本专题在一轮铺开复习被动语态。要求学生熟练掌握被动语态的定义、构成和用法。被动语态时态的变化、被动语态的特殊结构形式、“It is said that+从句”及其他类似句型及无被动形式的特殊词等知识点并能够学以致用。 02 知识回顾 考点 被动语态 1、 定义:英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 2、 Many people speak Chinese. (主动语态) 3、 很多人说汉语。 4、 Chinese is spoken by many people. (被动语态) 5、 汉语被很多人说。 2、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式如下: 序号 句型 示例 1 肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by...). He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 他经常被(他的老板)要求做这个工作。 2 否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...). I am not invited to the party (by him). 我没被(他)邀请去参加聚会。 3 一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by...)? Are your clothes washed by yourself? 你是自己洗衣服吗? 4 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by...)? What is this sweater made of? 这件毛衣是由什么制成的? 3、 时态的变化 被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: 序号 时态 结构 示例 1 一般现在时 am/is/are+done (过去分词) Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 游客被要求禁止触摸展品。 2 现在完成时 has/have been+done All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.所有准备工作就绪,我们可以开始了。 3 现在进行时 am/is/are+being done A new cinema is being built here. 这里正在建造一家新影院。 4 一般过去时 was/were+done I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 我有十分钟的时间来决定是否应该拒绝邀请。 5 过去完成时 had been+done By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.去年年底,另一个健身馆在北京顺利竣工了。 6 过去进行时 was/were+being done The meeting was being held when I was there. 当我到那儿的时候,会议正在举行。 7 一般将来时 shall/will be+done Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 工厂如果倒闭,数以百计的工作机会将会失去。 8 过去将来时 should/would be+done The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 消息一到,就会送达给士兵的母亲。 4、被动语态的用法 (1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。 This jacket is made of cotton. 这件夹克由棉花制成。 Chinese is spoken in many countries in the world. 世界上很多人说汉语。 (2)强调动作的承受者时。 The boy was saved at last. 这个男孩最后得救了。 5、被动语态的特殊结构形式 (1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby­sitter. 保姆必须照顾好婴儿。 (2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. =He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 他的妈妈给了他一份生日礼物。 (3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. =The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 有人发现那个男孩正在抽烟。 (4)在使役动词have、make、get以及感官动词see、watch、notice、hear、feel、observe等后面,不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. =A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人进入了那幢大楼。 6、 “It is said that+从句”及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe、consider、expect、report、say、suppose、think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。 It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that... 大家相信…… It is hoped that... 大家希望…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is thought that... 大家认为…… It is suggested that... 据建议…… It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. =The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 据说那个男孩已经通过了国家考试。 7、无被动形式的特殊词 (1)表示“发生,进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen、last、take place、break out、come out、come about、come true、run out、give out、turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢? (2)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel、sound、taste、book、feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 03考点即时训练 被动语态即时训练 1. These clothes ________ for children under six. A. design B. will design C. are designed D. designed 【答案】C 【解析】句子的主语These clothes和谓语动词design是被动关系,衣服是被设计的,因此应该用被动语态。 2.Students ________ to sleep in class. A. can't allow B. aren't allowed C. are allowed D. be allowed 【答案】B 【解析】句意:“学生不被允许在课堂上睡觉。” 主语Students与动词allow之间为被动关系,应该用一般现在时的被动语态。 3.The stone bridge ________ many years ago. A. is built B. built C. has built D. was built 【答案】D 【解析】主语The stone bridge和谓语动词build之间是被动关系,再由many years ago可知,应该用一般过去时的被动语态。 4.The sports meeting ________ next week. A. is held B. will be held C. will hold D. was held 【答案】B 【解析】主语The sports meeting与谓语动词hold之间构成被动关系,再根据next week可知,应该用一般将来时的被动语态。 5.A lot of places of interest(名胜古迹) ________ since I came to Beijing last year. A. are visited B. were visited C. have visited D. have been visited 【答案】D 【解析】主语A lot of places of interest和谓语动词visit之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。再由since引导的从句使用一般过去时可知,主句应用现在完成时。因此应用现在完成时的被动语态。 6. It was estimated _____ the project would cost over one million yuan. A. that B. What C. which D. whether 【答案】A 【解析】句型“It was estimated that…”(据估计……),主句为一般过去时,从句中would cost表示过去将来。that引导主语从句,不可省略 7.The flower _____ very sweet. Everyone in the room loves it. A. is smelled B. smells C. was smelt D. smelt 【答案】B 【解析】smell在此用作系动词(闻起来),后跟形容词sweet,系动词没有被动语态。主动形式表示被动意义,因此用smells。注意:smell作为及物动词(闻)时才有被动,如“The perfume was smelt by her”,但本题显然是系动词用法。 [2025年湖南省对口招生考试第29题] 1.Six labs in the past three years,which improve the condition of doing research in our school. A.are building B.are built C.will build D.have been built 【答案】D 【解析】【核心短语/词汇】in the past three years:在过去的三年里 【翻译】在过去的三年里建了六个实验室,这改善了我们学校做研究的环境。 根据句意,可知此处是“被建造”,需用被动语态,结构为“be+过去分词”,因此排除A和C,根据“in the past three years(在过去的三年里)”,可知应使用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”,排除B,因此本题答案为D。 [2024年湖南省对口招生考试第27题] 2.Mr.Smith created a new game.Soon all his students the rules to play it. A.teach B.taught C.was taught D.were taught 【答案】D 【解析】teach的含义为“教,教授”,各选项分析如下: × A选项:teach(动词原形),为主动语态,不符合主语和动词的被动逻辑关系,且时态与语境不符,排除。 × B选项:taught(动词过去式/过去分词),此处为主动语态的过去式,无法体现被动含义,排除。 × C选项:was taught(一般过去时被动语态,be动词为单数形式),主语all his students是复数,be动词需用were,主谓不一致,排除。 √ D选项:were taught(一般过去时被动语态,be动词为复数形式),符合被动逻辑、时态要求以及主谓一致规则,正确。故答案为D。 [2023年湖南省对口招生考试第23题] 3.—Mmm,delicious.What is it? —It Zongzi,Jim.It's a traditional Chinese food. A. calls B. was called C.called D.is called 【答案】D 【解析】【核心短语/词汇】call: 把……叫做 翻译:--嗯,美味的。它是什么?--它被叫做粽子,吉姆。它是一种传统的中国食物。 call: 把……叫做,是动词。过去式或者过去分词形式是:called. A.一般现在时态第三人称单数形式;B.一般过去时态的被动语态;C.一般过去时态;D.一般现在时态的被动语态。 根据所给选项可知句意:--嗯,美味的。它是什么?--它被叫做粽子,吉姆。它是一种传统的中国食物。排除选项A,C和B,故答案为:D [2022年湖南省对口招生考试第26题] 4.26. Today,many practical lessons in this technical school. A. given B. were given C. give D. are given 【答案】D 【解析】 本题考查时态和被动语态。根据时间状语Today可知时态为一般现在时。主语lessons与谓语动词give为被动关系,故答案为are given。 [2021年湖南省对口招生考试第22题] 5.There will be fewer workers in factories because most work ________ by robots in the future. A. was done B. has done C. will be done D. will do 【答案】C 【解析】句意:“因为未来大部分工作被机器人做,所以工厂将有更少的工人。”根据时间状语in the future可知是将来时,工作与机器人之间是被动关系,应用一般将来时的被动语态。 [2020年湖南省对口招生考试第29题] 6.A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and ________ with a special party. A. celebrated B. celebrates C. was celebrated D. is celebrated 【答案】D 【解析】句意:“在中国婴儿的满月是一件特别的事情,并用一个特别的聚会来庆祝。”生日和庆祝之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 编写说明:2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣教材,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》的第3个专题,内容为专题03 (被动语态)。 2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》 专题03 (被动语态) 复习讲义 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 知识回顾 考点 高频考点 被动语态(近7年考6次) 1、 被动语态的定义 2、 被动语态的构成 3、 被动语态时态的变化 4、 被动语态的用法 5、 被动语态的特殊结构形式 6、 “It is said that+从句”及其他类似句型 7、 无被动形式的特殊词 03考点即时训练 被动语态即时训练 04真题溯源·考向感知 2020年--2025,连续6年的被动语态真题(共6道真题练习、解析)。 01 考情解码·命题预警 【复习目标】 依据“十四五”职业教育国家规划教材(中等职业学校公共基础课程教材)、湖南省普通高等学校对口招生考试英语考试基本要求及考试大纲。本专题在一轮铺开复习被动语态。要求学生熟练掌握被动语态的定义、构成和用法。被动语态时态的变化、被动语态的特殊结构形式、“It is said that+从句”及其他类似句型及无被动形式的特殊词等知识点并能够学以致用。 02 知识回顾 考点 被动语态 1、 定义:英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 2、 Many people speak Chinese. (主动语态) 3、 很多人说汉语。 4、 Chinese by many people. (被动语态) 5、 汉语被很多人说。 2、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式如下: 序号 句型 示例 1 肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by...). He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 他经常被(他的老板)要求做这个工作。 2 否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by...). I am not invited to the party (by him). 我没被(他)邀请去参加聚会。 3 一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by...)? Are your clothes washed by yourself? 你是自己洗衣服吗? 4 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by...)? What is this sweater made of? 这件毛衣是由什么制成的? 3、 时态的变化 被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为: 序号 时态 结构 示例 1 一般现在时 am/is/are+done (过去分词) Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 游客被要求禁止触摸展品。 2 现在完成时 has/have been+done All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.所有准备工作就绪,我们可以开始了。 3 现在进行时 am/is/are+being done A new cinema is being built here. 这里正在建造一家新影院。 4 一般过去时 was/were+done I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 我有十分钟的时间来决定是否应该拒绝邀请。 5 过去完成时 had been+done By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.去年年底,另一个健身馆在北京顺利竣工了。 6 过去进行时 was/were+being done The meeting was being held when I was there. 当我到那儿的时候,会议正在举行。 7 一般将来时 shall/will be+done Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 工厂如果倒闭,数以百计的工作机会将会失去。 8 过去将来时 should/would be+done The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 消息一到,就会送达给士兵的母亲。 4、被动语态的用法 (1)当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。 This jacket is made of cotton. 这件夹克由棉花制成。 Chinese is spoken in many countries in the world. 世界上很多人说汉语。 (2)强调动作的承受者时。 The boy was saved at last. 这个男孩最后得救了。 5、被动语态的特殊结构形式 (1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby­sitter. 保姆必须照顾好婴儿。 (2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. =He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 他的妈妈给了他一份生日礼物。 (3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. =The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 有人发现那个男孩正在抽烟。 (4)在使役动词have、make、get以及感官动词see、watch、notice、hear、feel、observe等后面,不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. =A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人进入了那幢大楼。 6、 “It is said that+从句”及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe、consider、expect、report、say、suppose、think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。 It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that... 大家相信…… It is hoped that... 大家希望…… It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is thought that... 大家认为…… It is suggested that... 据建议…… It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. =The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 据说那个男孩已经通过了国家考试。 7、无被动形式的特殊词 (1)表示“发生,进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen、last、take place、break out、come out、come about、come true、run out、give out、turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何印出来的呢? (2)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel、sound、taste、book、feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。 03考点即时训练 被动语态即时训练 1. These clothes ________ for children under six. A. design B. will design C. are designed D. designed 2.Students ________ to sleep in class. A. can't allow B. aren't allowed C. are allowed D. be allowed 3.The stone bridge ________ many years ago. A. is built B. built C. has built D. was built 4.The sports meeting ________ next week. A. is held B. will be held C. will hold D. was held 5.A lot of places of interest(名胜古迹) ________ since I came to Beijing last year. A. are visited B. were visited C. have visited D. have been visited 6. It was estimated _____ the project would cost over one million yuan. A. that B. What C. which D. whether 7.The flower _____ very sweet. Everyone in the room loves it. A. is smelled B. smells C. was smelt D. smelt [2025年湖南省对口招生考试第29题] 1.Six labs in the past three years,which improve the condition of doing research in our school. A.are building B.are built C.will build D.have been built [2024年湖南省对口招生考试第27题] 2.Mr.Smith created a new game.Soon all his students the rules to play it. A.teach B.taught C.was taught D.were taught [2023年湖南省对口招生考试第23题] 3.—Mmm,delicious.What is it? —It Zongzi,Jim.It's a traditional Chinese food. A. calls B. was called C.called D.is called [2022年湖南省对口招生考试第26题] 4.26. Today,many practical lessons in this technical school. A. given B. were given C. give D. are given [2021年湖南省对口招生考试第22题] 5.There will be fewer workers in factories because most work ________ by robots in the future. A. was done B. has done C. will be done D. will do [2020年湖南省对口招生考试第29题] 6.A baby's first month birthday is a special event in China and ________ with a special party. A. celebrated B. celebrates C. was celebrated D. is celebrated 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

专题03 被动语态(讲义)-2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
1
专题03 被动语态(讲义)-2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
2
专题03 被动语态(讲义)-2027年湖南省(对口招生)《英语一轮讲练测》(原卷版+解析版)
3
所属专辑
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。