暑假作业10 连词and, but, or, so（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语连词and/but/or/so，构建“基础用法-特殊规则-运用方法-易错规避”四层方法体系，逻辑关系分析贯穿题型设计，培养语言逻辑思维与语境应用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础理论|4连词+8教材原句|逻辑关系判断法；形式一致原则|从含义-逻辑关系到特殊用法-易错点，层层递进| |单项选择|10题|否定句用or；so与because不连用|覆盖选择/转折/因果等核心逻辑考查| |完成句子|10题|“否则”结构加逗号；比较级and连用|强化特殊规则在语境中的准确输出| |完形填空|10题|语篇逻辑链分析法|通过叙事语境训练连词的语篇衔接功能| |七选五|5题|句间逻辑关系匹配法|提升连词在篇章组织中的应用能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业10 连词and, but, or, so 一、基本用法 连词 含义 逻辑关系 教材原句 and 和、并且、然后 并列、顺承、递进 The ocean is big and blue. He finished his homework and went to bed. but 但是、然而 转折、对比 It was raining, but we still went out. He is rich, but he is not happy. or 或者、否则 选择、警告 Do you like coffee or tea? Hurry up, or you'll be late. so 所以、因此 因果 Wetlands can store water, so they help prevent floods. He was ill, so he didn't come to school. 二、特殊用法 1. 否定句中用 or 表并列，不用 and 例：He doesn't like apples or bananas. 2. or 表示 “否则” 时，前面通常加逗号 3. so 和 because 不能同时用在一个句子中 例：Because it rained, we stayed at home.（正确）；Because it rained, so we stayed at home.（错误） 4. and 连接两个相同的比较级，表示 “越来越……” 例：It's getting colder and colder. 三、运用方法 1. 根据前后两个句子的逻辑关系选择正确的连词 2. 并列连词连接的两个成分必须在形式上保持一致（如两个名词、两个动词、两个句子） 四、易错易混概念 1. 否定句中用 and： 错误 I don't like bread and milk. → 正确 I don't like bread or milk. 2. so 和 because 连用： 错误 Because he was ill, so he didn't come. → 正确 Because he was ill, he didn't come. 3. or 表否则漏加逗号： 错误 Hurry up or you'll be late. → 正确 Hurry up, or you'll be late. 4. but/however 混淆： but 是连词，直接连接句子；however 是副词，通常用逗号与句子隔开 例：He is rich, but he is not happy. He is rich. However, he is not happy. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. We should protect the wetlands, ______ they are homes to many rare birds. A. and B. but C. or D. so 2. Hurry up, ______ we will miss the early bus to the science museum. A. and B. but C. or D. so 3. The robot can speak English ______ it can also help with housework. A. and B. but C. or D. so 4. It was very cold outside, ______ we decided to stay at home and watch a movie. A. and B. but C. or D. so 5. I don't like playing football ______ basketball. I prefer table tennis. A. and B. but C. or D. so 6. The problem is difficult, ______ I believe I can work it out with your help. A. and B. but C. or D. so 7. The weather is getting ______ ______ hotter, so we need to drink more water. A. more; and B. more; more C. hotter; hotter D. hotter; and 8. You can choose to read a book ______ listen to music in your free time. A. and B. but C. or D. so 9. ______ he was tired, he kept working on the project until it was finished. A. Because B. Although C. So D. But 10. The old man has a lot of money, ______ he lives a simple life. A. and B. but C. or D. so 二、完成句子： 根据所给汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 Study hard, ______ you ______ ______ the exam. 2. 因为下雨了，所以运动会推迟了。 ______ it rained, the sports meeting was put off. 3. 她不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。 She can ______ ______ play the piano ______ play the violin. 4. 我不喜欢咖啡也不喜欢茶，我喜欢果汁。 I don't like coffee ______ tea. I like juice. 5. 天变得越来越黑了，我们该回家了。 It's getting ______ ______ ______, so it's time for us to go home. 6. 快点，否则我们赶不上火车了。 ______ ______, ______ we ______ catch the train. 7. 他很聪明，但是学习不努力。 He is very clever, ______ he doesn't study hard. 8. 保护环境很重要，所以我们应该从身边小事做起。 Protecting the environment is very important, ______ we should start with small things around us. 9. 你可以步行去那里，或者乘公交车。 You can go there on foot ______ ______ ______ ______. 10. 他生病了，所以没有来上学。 He was ill, ______ he didn't come to school. 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our class decided to organize a charity sale (慈善义卖) last week. We wanted to raise money 1 the children in poor areas. Everyone was excited 2 we started to prepare for it together. Li Ming brought his model planes 3 cars. He made them by himself. Wang Hong brought some beautiful handmade cards. 4 I brought my favorite storybooks. We thought these things would be popular, 5 we were a little worried at first. On the day of the sale, we arrived at the playground early. We put our things on the tables 6 started to sell them. At first, not many people came. We felt a little sad, 7 we didn't give up. We started to shout and introduce our things to the students passing by. Soon, more and more students came. They bought our things 8 gave us more money than the things cost. We were very happy. By the end of the day, we raised 500 yuan. We were tired 9 excited. We sent all the money to the poor children. We felt proud 10 we could do something to help others. 1. A. for B. to C. with D. about 2. A. but B. and C. or D. so 3. A. but B. or C. and D. so 4. A. But B. And C. Or D. So 5. A. and B. but C. or D. so 6. A. and B. but C. or D. so 7. A. and B. but C. or D. so 8. A. but B. or C. and D. so 9. A. and B. but C. or D. so 10. A. because B. so C. but D. and 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The students in Class 3, Grade 8 are having a class meeting. They are talking about their summer holiday plans. Tom says he wants to go to Beijing. He wants to visit the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. He also wants to try Beijing Duck. His parents will go with him. They will take the train there. Lily says she will stay at home. She will read some interesting books and help her mother with housework. She also plans to learn to swim. She thinks swimming is good for her health. David says he will go to the countryside to visit his grandparents. He will help them with farm work. He will also go fishing with his grandfather. He says he will have a wonderful time there. Lucy says she will take a part-time job (兼职工作). She wants to make some money to buy a new computer. She will work in a bookstore near her home. She thinks it will be a good experience. 1. What is Tom's plan for the summer holiday? A. He will stay at home. B. He will go to Beijing. C. He will visit his grandparents. D. He will take a part-time job. 2. Who will go to Beijing with Tom? A. His friends. B. His grandparents. C. His parents. D. His teacher. 3. What does Lily plan to learn during the summer holiday? A. To swim. B. To cook. C. To play the piano. D. To speak English. 4. Where will David go for the summer holiday? A. To Beijing. B. To the countryside. C. To a bookstore. D. To a beach. 5. Why does Lucy want to take a part-time job? A. Because she wants to help her parents. B. Because she wants to buy a new computer. C. Because she wants to get some experience. D. Because she wants to read more books. B Water is very important to us. We can't live without water. But now water pollution (污染) is becoming a big problem in many places. Many factories pour (倾倒) dirty water into rivers and lakes. So the water becomes dirty. Many fish die because of the dirty water. Some people even get sick from drinking the polluted water. We should do something to stop water pollution. First, we should not pour dirty water into rivers. Second, we should save water in our daily life. Third, we should plant more trees. Trees can help keep the water clean. If everyone does their part, our rivers and lakes will become clean again. And we will have a better life. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Water is important to us. B. Water pollution is a big problem. C. How to stop water pollution. D. All of the above. 2. Why do many fish die? A. Because there is no water. B. Because the water is dirty. C. Because people catch them. D. Because they have no food. 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A. We should not pour dirty water into rivers. B. We should save water. C. We should plant more trees. D. We should build more factories. 4. What can trees do according to the passage? A. They can make the air clean. B. They can help keep the water clean. C. They can provide food for us. D. They can make our school beautiful. 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Water pollution is not a serious problem. B. No one gets sick from polluted water. C. Everyone should help stop water pollution. D. We can live without water. C A group of students from No. 1 Middle School did a survey about students' hobbies. They asked 200 students in Grade 8 about their favorite hobbies. Here are the results. Hobby Number of students Reading 60 Playing sports 50 Listening to music 40 Watching TV 30 Drawing 20 From the results, we can see that reading is the most popular hobby. 60 students like reading. They think reading can help them learn more knowledge and improve their writing skills. Playing sports is the second most popular hobby. 50 students like playing sports. They think sports can help them keep healthy and make more friends. Listening to music is also popular. 40 students like it. They say music can make them feel relaxed after a long day of study. Watching TV and drawing are less popular. Only 30 students like watching TV and 20 students like drawing. But some students say they like these hobbies because they are interesting and creative. 1. How many students took part in the survey? A. 100. B. 150. C. 200. D. 250. 2. What is the most popular hobby according to the survey? A. Reading. B. Playing sports. C. Listening to music. D. Watching TV. 3. Why do students like playing sports? A. Because it can help them learn more knowledge. B. Because it can help them keep healthy and make more friends. C. Because it can make them feel relaxed. D. Because it is interesting and creative. 4. How many students like listening to music? A. 20. B. 30. C. 40. D. 50. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. 50 students like reading. B. Playing sports is the third most popular hobby. C. Music can make students feel relaxed. D. No students like drawing. D Last Sunday, I went to the science museum with my classmates. We had a wonderful time there. We arrived at the museum at 9 o'clock in the morning. First, we visited the space hall. We saw many models of spaceships (宇宙飞船) and satellites (卫星). We also watched a movie about how astronauts (宇航员) live in space. It was very interesting. Then we went to the robot hall. There were many different kinds of robots. Some robots could play chess, some could dance, and some could even talk with people. We talked with a robot named Xiao Ming. It answered our questions correctly. We were very surprised. After that, we visited the biology hall. We saw many models of animals and plants. We learned a lot about nature. We left the museum at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. We were tired but happy. We learned a lot of new things. I hope I can go there again. 1. When did the writer go to the science museum? A. Last Saturday. B. Last Sunday. C. Last Monday. D. Last Friday. 2. What did they do first in the museum? A. They visited the robot hall. B. They visited the biology hall. C. They visited the space hall. D. They watched a movie. 3. What could the robot Xiao Ming do? A. It could play chess. B. It could dance. C. It could talk with people. D. It could sing songs. 4. How long did they stay in the museum? A. For 5 hours. B. For 6 hours. C. For 7 hours. D. For 8 hours. 5. What is the best title (标题) for the passage? A. A Wonderful Trip to the Science Museum B. My Favorite Hobby C. How to Make a Robot D. The Importance of Science 一、七选五： 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Make a Fruit Salad Fruit salad is a delicious and healthy dessert. 1 Here is a simple way to make a fruit salad. First, you need to prepare some fruits. You can choose your favorite fruits, such as apples, bananas, strawberries, oranges and grapes. 2 You should wash them carefully. Next, peel (削皮) the fruits that need to be peeled. 3 Then cut the fruits into small pieces. Put all the pieces into a big bowl. Then, you can add some yogurt (酸奶) or honey (蜂蜜) to the fruit salad. 4 You can also add some lemon juice to keep the fruits from turning brown. Finally, mix (混合) everything together. 5 It is ready to eat. Enjoy your delicious fruit salad! A. It is easy to make. B. Cut the apples and bananas into pieces. C. Make sure the fruits are fresh. D. You can put it in the fridge for a while if you like it cold. E. They are good for your health. F. You can choose how much to add according to your taste. G. You need to buy some fruits first. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业10 连词and, but, or, so 一、基本用法 连词 含义 逻辑关系 教材原句 and 和、并且、然后 并列、顺承、递进 The ocean is big and blue. He finished his homework and went to bed. but 但是、然而 转折、对比 It was raining, but we still went out. He is rich, but he is not happy. or 或者、否则 选择、警告 Do you like coffee or tea? Hurry up, or you'll be late. so 所以、因此 因果 Wetlands can store water, so they help prevent floods. He was ill, so he didn't come to school. 二、特殊用法 1. 否定句中用 or 表并列，不用 and 例：He doesn't like apples or bananas. 2. or 表示 “否则” 时，前面通常加逗号 3. so 和 because 不能同时用在一个句子中 例：Because it rained, we stayed at home.（正确）；Because it rained, so we stayed at home.（错误） 4. and 连接两个相同的比较级，表示 “越来越……” 例：It's getting colder and colder. 三、运用方法 1. 根据前后两个句子的逻辑关系选择正确的连词 2. 并列连词连接的两个成分必须在形式上保持一致（如两个名词、两个动词、两个句子） 四、易错易混概念 1. 否定句中用 and： 错误 I don't like bread and milk. → 正确 I don't like bread or milk. 2. so 和 because 连用： 错误 Because he was ill, so he didn't come. → 正确 Because he was ill, he didn't come. 3. or 表否则漏加逗号： 错误 Hurry up or you'll be late. → 正确 Hurry up, or you'll be late. 4. but/however 混淆： but 是连词，直接连接句子；however 是副词，通常用逗号与句子隔开 例：He is rich, but he is not happy. He is rich. However, he is not happy. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. We should protect the wetlands, ______ they are homes to many rare birds. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我们应该保护湿地，并且它们是许多珍稀鸟类的家园。考查并列连词 and 的用法，and 用于连接两个并列或递进关系的分句，此处补充说明保护湿地的原因，故填 and。 2. Hurry up, ______ we will miss the early bus to the science museum. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【解析】句意：快点，否则我们会错过去科学博物馆的早班车。考查连词 or 的用法，or 用于 “祈使句 + or + 陈述句” 结构，表示 “否则，要不然”，故填 or。 3. The robot can speak English ______ it can also help with housework. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个机器人会说英语，并且它还能帮忙做家务。考查并列连词 and 的用法，and 连接两个并列的能力，表递进关系，故填 and。 4. It was very cold outside, ______ we decided to stay at home and watch a movie. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】D 【解析】句意：外面很冷，所以我们决定待在家里看电影。考查连词 so 的用法，so 表示因果关系，前因后果，故填 so。 5. I don't like playing football ______ basketball. I prefer table tennis. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我不喜欢踢足球也不喜欢打篮球。我更喜欢乒乓球。考查否定句中并列连词的用法，否定句中表示 “和” 要用 or，不用 and，故填 or。 6. The problem is difficult, ______ I believe I can work it out with your help. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个问题很难，但我相信在你的帮助下我能解决它。考查转折连词 but 的用法，前后分句是转折关系，故填 but。 7. The weather is getting ______ ______ hotter, so we need to drink more water. A. more; and B. more; more C. hotter; hotter D. hotter; and 【答案】C 【解析】句意：天气变得越来越热，所以我们需要多喝水。考查形容词比较级的 “越来越” 结构，单音节形容词用 “比较级 + and + 比较级”，hot 的比较级为 hotter，故填 hotter and hotter。 8. You can choose to read a book ______ listen to music in your free time. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你可以在空闲时间选择看书或者听音乐。考查选择连词 or 的用法，此处表示两者中的选择，故填 or。 9. ______ he was tired, he kept working on the project until it was finished. A. Because B. Although C. So D. But 【答案】B 【解析】句意：虽然他很累，但他继续做这个项目直到完成。本题考查连词辨析，Although（虽然）引导让步状语从句，符合逻辑。 10. The old man has a lot of money, ______ he lives a simple life. A. and B. but C. or D. so 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这位老人有很多钱，但他过着简朴的生活。考查转折连词 but 的用法，前后分句是转折关系，故填 but。 二、完成句子： 根据所给汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 Study hard, ______ you ______ ______ the exam. 【答案】or; will fail 【解析】句意：努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。"祈使句 + or + 一般将来时" 是固定句型，or 表示 "否则"；"考试不及格" 用 fail the exam，用一般将来时 will fail 表示将来可能发生的结果。 2. 因为下雨了，所以运动会推迟了。 ______ it rained, the sports meeting was put off. 【答案】Because 【解析】句意：因为下雨了，所以运动会推迟了。because 引导原因状语从句，说明运动会推迟的原因。注意：英语中 because 和 so 不能同时出现在一个句子中。 3. 她不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。 She can ______ ______ play the piano ______ play the violin. 【答案】not only; but 【解析】句意：她不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴。not only...but also... 是固定并列连词短语，连接两个并列的谓语部分，also 可以省略。 4. 我不喜欢咖啡也不喜欢茶，我喜欢果汁。 I don't like coffee ______ tea. I like juice. 【答案】or 【解析】句意：我不喜欢咖啡也不喜欢茶，我喜欢果汁。否定句中连接并列成分要用 or，表示 "也不"；肯定句中才用 and 表示 "和"。 5. 天变得越来越黑了，我们该回家了。 It's getting ______ ______ ______, so it's time for us to go home. 【答案】darker and darker 【解析】句意：天变得越来越黑了，我们该回家了。"形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级" 是固定结构，表示 "越来越..."，dark 的比较级是 darker。 6. 快点，否则我们赶不上火车了。 ______ ______, ______ we ______ catch the train. 【答案】Hurry up; or; won’t 【解析】句意：快点，否则我们赶不上火车了。Hurry up 是祈使句，表示 "快点"；or 表示 "否则"；用一般将来时的否定形式 won't catch 表示 "赶不上"。 7. 他很聪明，但是学习不努力。 He is very clever, ______ he doesn't study hard. 【答案】but 【解析】句意：他很聪明，但是学习不努力。but 表示转折关系，连接两个意思相反的分句。 8. 保护环境很重要，所以我们应该从身边小事做起。 Protecting the environment is very important, ______ we should start with small things around us. 【答案】so 【解析】句意：保护环境很重要，所以我们应该从身边小事做起。so 表示因果关系，引出由前面原因导致的结果。 9. 你可以步行去那里，或者乘公交车。 You can go there on foot ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】or take a bus 【解析】句意：你可以步行去那里，或者乘公交车。or 表示选择关系，连接两个并列的出行方式；"乘公交车" 用 take a bus。 10. 他生病了，所以没有来上学。 He was ill, ______ he didn't come to school. 【答案】so 【解析】句意：他生病了，所以没有来上学。so 表示因果关系，引出 "没来上学" 这个由生病导致的结果。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our class decided to organize a charity sale (慈善义卖) last week. We wanted to raise money 1 the children in poor areas. Everyone was excited 2 we started to prepare for it together. Li Ming brought his model planes 3 cars. He made them by himself. Wang Hong brought some beautiful handmade cards. 4 I brought my favorite storybooks. We thought these things would be popular, 5 we were a little worried at first. On the day of the sale, we arrived at the playground early. We put our things on the tables 6 started to sell them. At first, not many people came. We felt a little sad, 7 we didn't give up. We started to shout and introduce our things to the students passing by. Soon, more and more students came. They bought our things 8 gave us more money than the things cost. We were very happy. By the end of the day, we raised 500 yuan. We were tired 9 excited. We sent all the money to the poor children. We felt proud 10 we could do something to help others. 1. A. for B. to C. with D. about 2. A. but B. and C. or D. so 3. A. but B. or C. and D. so 4. A. But B. And C. Or D. So 5. A. and B. but C. or D. so 6. A. and B. but C. or D. so 7. A. and B. but C. or D. so 8. A. but B. or C. and D. so 9. A. and B. but C. or D. so 10. A. because B. so C. but D. and 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者班级上周组织慈善义卖活动，为贫困地区儿童筹集善款的完整过程，包括前期准备、义卖中的波折与最终成功，以及同学们通过帮助他人获得的成就感与自豪感。 1. 句意：我们想为贫困地区的孩子们筹钱。 解析：raise money for sb. 是固定搭配，意为 "为某人筹款"。 2. 句意：每个人都很兴奋，于是我们一起开始准备。 解析：and 表示顺承关系，连接 "兴奋" 和 "一起准备" 两个先后发生的动作。 3. 句意：李明带来了他的模型飞机和汽车。 解析：and 用于肯定句中连接并列的名词 "model planes" 和 "cars"。 4. 句意：王红带来了一些漂亮的手工卡片，我带来了我最喜欢的故事书。 解析：and 表示顺承关系，继续列举同学们带来的义卖物品。 5. 句意：我们认为这些东西会受欢迎，但一开始我们有点担心。 解析：but 表示转折关系，连接 "认为会受欢迎" 和 "有点担心" 两个相反的想法。 6. 句意：我们把东西放在桌子上，然后开始售卖。 解析：and 表示顺承关系，连接 "放东西" 和 "开始卖" 两个连续的动作。 7. 句意：我们感到有点难过，但我们没有放弃。 解析：but 表示转折关系，连接 "难过" 和 "不放弃" 两个相反的情绪与行为。 8. 句意：他们买了我们的东西，并且给了我们比物品价值更多的钱。 解析：and 表示递进关系，说明同学们不仅买了东西，还额外多捐了钱。 9. 句意：我们很累，但很兴奋。 解析：but 表示转折关系，连接 "身体疲惫" 和 "内心兴奋" 两种不同的感受。 10. 句意：我们感到自豪，因为我们能做些事来帮助别人。 解析：because 引导原因状语从句，说明 "感到自豪" 的原因。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The students in Class 3, Grade 8 are having a class meeting. They are talking about their summer holiday plans. Tom says he wants to go to Beijing. He wants to visit the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. He also wants to try Beijing Duck. His parents will go with him. They will take the train there. Lily says she will stay at home. She will read some interesting books and help her mother with housework. She also plans to learn to swim. She thinks swimming is good for her health. David says he will go to the countryside to visit his grandparents. He will help them with farm work. He will also go fishing with his grandfather. He says he will have a wonderful time there. Lucy says she will take a part-time job (兼职工作). She wants to make some money to buy a new computer. She will work in a bookstore near her home. She thinks it will be a good experience. 1. What is Tom's plan for the summer holiday? A. He will stay at home. B. He will go to Beijing. C. He will visit his grandparents. D. He will take a part-time job. 2. Who will go to Beijing with Tom? A. His friends. B. His grandparents. C. His parents. D. His teacher. 3. What does Lily plan to learn during the summer holiday? A. To swim. B. To cook. C. To play the piano. D. To speak English. 4. Where will David go for the summer holiday? A. To Beijing. B. To the countryside. C. To a bookstore. D. To a beach. 5. Why does Lucy want to take a part-time job? A. Because she wants to help her parents. B. Because she wants to buy a new computer. C. Because she wants to get some experience. D. Because she wants to read more books. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了八年级三班的学生们在班会上讨论各自的暑假计划，分别介绍了 Tom、Lily、David 和 Lucy 四位同学不同的假期安排与活动。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 "Tom says he wants to go to Beijing." 可知，Tom 的暑假计划是去北京，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 "His parents will go with him." 可知，Tom 的父母会和他一起去北京，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 "She also plans to learn to swim." 可知，Lily 计划在暑假学习游泳，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 "David says he will go to the countryside to visit his grandparents." 可知，David 暑假要去乡下，故选 B。 5. 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句 "She wants to make some money to buy a new computer." 可知，Lucy 做兼职的目的是赚钱买新电脑，"获得好经历" 是她对这份工作的评价而非初衷，故选 B。 B Water is very important to us. We can't live without water. But now water pollution (污染) is becoming a big problem in many places. Many factories pour (倾倒) dirty water into rivers and lakes. So the water becomes dirty. Many fish die because of the dirty water. Some people even get sick from drinking the polluted water. We should do something to stop water pollution. First, we should not pour dirty water into rivers. Second, we should save water in our daily life. Third, we should plant more trees. Trees can help keep the water clean. If everyone does their part, our rivers and lakes will become clean again. And we will have a better life. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Water is important to us. B. Water pollution is a big problem. C. How to stop water pollution. D. All of the above. 2. Why do many fish die? A. Because there is no water. B. Because the water is dirty. C. Because people catch them. D. Because they have no food. 3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned (提到) in the passage? A. We should not pour dirty water into rivers. B. We should save water. C. We should plant more trees. D. We should build more factories. 4. What can trees do according to the passage? A. They can make the air clean. B. They can help keep the water clean. C. They can provide food for us. D. They can make our school beautiful. 5. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. Water pollution is not a serious problem. B. No one gets sick from polluted water. C. Everyone should help stop water pollution. D. We can live without water. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，首先阐述了水对人类的重要性以及水污染已成为严重问题，接着介绍了水污染的成因和危害，最后提出了三条阻止水污染的具体措施，并呼吁大家共同行动保护水资源。 1. 主旨大意题。文章第一段讲水的重要性和水污染问题，第二段讲水污染的危害，第三段讲解决水污染的方法，A、B、C 三项内容均有涵盖，故选 D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 "Many fish die because of the dirty water." 可知，许多鱼死亡是因为水变脏了，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题（未提及型）。第三段明确提到了 A、B、C 三项措施，全文未提及 "我们应该建造更多工厂"，且工厂是水污染的主要来源之一，故选 D。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 "Trees can help keep the water clean." 可知，树木可以帮助保持水的清洁，故选 B。 5. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句 "If everyone does their part, our rivers and lakes will become clean again." 可推断出，每个人都应该为阻止水污染贡献力量，故选 C。 C A group of students from No. 1 Middle School did a survey about students' hobbies. They asked 200 students in Grade 8 about their favorite hobbies. Here are the results. Hobby Number of students Reading 60 Playing sports 50 Listening to music 40 Watching TV 30 Drawing 20 From the results, we can see that reading is the most popular hobby. 60 students like reading. They think reading can help them learn more knowledge and improve their writing skills. Playing sports is the second most popular hobby. 50 students like playing sports. They think sports can help them keep healthy and make more friends. Listening to music is also popular. 40 students like it. They say music can make them feel relaxed after a long day of study. Watching TV and drawing are less popular. Only 30 students like watching TV and 20 students like drawing. But some students say they like these hobbies because they are interesting and creative. 1. How many students took part in the survey? A. 100. B. 150. C. 200. D. 250. 2. What is the most popular hobby according to the survey? A. Reading. B. Playing sports. C. Listening to music. D. Watching TV. 3. Why do students like playing sports? A. Because it can help them learn more knowledge. B. Because it can help them keep healthy and make more friends. C. Because it can make them feel relaxed. D. Because it is interesting and creative. 4. How many students like listening to music? A. 20. B. 30. C. 40. D. 50. 5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. 50 students like reading. B. Playing sports is the third most popular hobby. C. Music can make students feel relaxed. D. No students like drawing. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了第一中学的学生对八年级 200 名学生开展的爱好调查结果，依次说明了阅读、运动、听音乐等不同爱好的受欢迎程度，以及学生们喜欢各类爱好的具体原因。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 "They asked 200 students in Grade 8 about their favorite hobbies." 可知，共有 200 名学生参与了本次调查，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 "From the results, we can see that reading is the most popular hobby." 可知，阅读是调查中最受欢迎的爱好，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 "They think sports can help them keep healthy and make more friends." 可知，学生喜欢运动是因为它能帮助保持健康并结交更多朋友，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据表格数据或第四段第二句 "40 students like it." 可知，有 40 名学生喜欢听音乐，故选 C。 5. 细节理解题（正误判断题）。A 项错误，有 60 名学生喜欢阅读；B 项错误，运动是第二受欢迎的爱好；C 项正确，根据第四段第三句 "They say music can make them feel relaxed after a long day of study." 可知；D 项错误，有 20 名学生喜欢画画。故选 C。 D Last Sunday, I went to the science museum with my classmates. We had a wonderful time there. We arrived at the museum at 9 o'clock in the morning. First, we visited the space hall. We saw many models of spaceships (宇宙飞船) and satellites (卫星). We also watched a movie about how astronauts (宇航员) live in space. It was very interesting. Then we went to the robot hall. There were many different kinds of robots. Some robots could play chess, some could dance, and some could even talk with people. We talked with a robot named Xiao Ming. It answered our questions correctly. We were very surprised. After that, we visited the biology hall. We saw many models of animals and plants. We learned a lot about nature. We left the museum at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. We were tired but happy. We learned a lot of new things. I hope I can go there again. 1. When did the writer go to the science museum? A. Last Saturday. B. Last Sunday. C. Last Monday. D. Last Friday. 2. What did they do first in the museum? A. They visited the robot hall. B. They visited the biology hall. C. They visited the space hall. D. They watched a movie. 3. What could the robot Xiao Ming do? A. It could play chess. B. It could dance. C. It could talk with people. D. It could sing songs. 4. How long did they stay in the museum? A. For 5 hours. B. For 6 hours. C. For 7 hours. D. For 8 hours. 5. What is the best title (标题) for the passage? A. A Wonderful Trip to the Science Museum B. My Favorite Hobby C. How to Make a Robot D. The Importance of Science 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周日和同学们一起参观科学博物馆的经历，依次介绍了他们在太空馆、机器人馆和生物馆的所见所闻，以及这次参观的收获和感受。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 "Last Sunday, I went to the science museum with my classmates." 可知，作者是上周日去的科学博物馆，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 "First, we visited the space hall." 可知，他们在博物馆首先参观了太空馆，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第四、五句 "We talked with a robot named Xiao Ming. It answered our questions correctly." 可知，机器人小明能与人交谈并正确回答问题，故选 C。 4. 数字计算题。根据第二段第一句 "We arrived at the museum at 9 o'clock in the morning." 和最后一段第一句 "We left the museum at 4 o'clock in the afternoon." 可知，他们上午 9 点到达，下午 4 点离开，共停留 7 小时，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题（标题归纳题）。全文围绕作者和同学们参观科学博物馆的愉快经历展开，A 选项最能准确概括文章核心内容，故选 A。 一、七选五： 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Make a Fruit Salad Fruit salad is a delicious and healthy dessert. 1 Here is a simple way to make a fruit salad. First, you need to prepare some fruits. You can choose your favorite fruits, such as apples, bananas, strawberries, oranges and grapes. 2 You should wash them carefully. Next, peel (削皮) the fruits that need to be peeled. 3 Then cut the fruits into small pieces. Put all the pieces into a big bowl. Then, you can add some yogurt (酸奶) or honey (蜂蜜) to the fruit salad. 4 You can also add some lemon juice to keep the fruits from turning brown. Finally, mix (混合) everything together. 5 It is ready to eat. Enjoy your delicious fruit salad! A. It is easy to make. B. Cut the apples and bananas into pieces. C. Make sure the fruits are fresh. D. You can put it in the fridge for a while if you like it cold. E. They are good for your health. F. You can choose how much to add according to your taste. G. You need to buy some fruits first. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. F 5. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，详细介绍了制作美味健康的水果沙拉的简单步骤，涵盖准备水果、削皮切块、添加调味和混合冷藏等核心环节。 1. 句意：它很容易制作。根据后文 "Here is a simple way to make a fruit salad." 可知，此处承接上文对水果沙拉的评价，自然引出下文的制作方法，故选 A。 2. 句意：确保水果是新鲜的。根据前文 "prepare some fruits" 和后文 "You should wash them carefully." 可知，此处是准备水果阶段的重要注意事项，故选 C。 3. 句意：把苹果和香蕉切成块。根据前文 "peel the fruits that need to be peeled"（苹果、香蕉是典型的需削皮水果）可知，此处承接削皮步骤，说明先处理这类已削皮的水果，故选 B。 4. 句意：你可以根据自己的口味选择加多少。根据前文 "add some yogurt or honey to the fruit salad" 可知，此处说明添加调味剂的量可由个人喜好决定，故选 F。 5. 句意：如果你喜欢凉的，可以把它放在冰箱里一会儿。根据前文 "mix everything together" 和后文 "It is ready to eat" 可知，此处是混合完成后的可选步骤，丰富了制作流程，故选 D。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $