Unit1 语法专练 2026-2027学年译林版九年级英语上册

**基本信息** 聚焦一般过去时与现在完成时的系统性对比，通过概念解析-区别归纳-题型训练的逻辑链条，构建时态辨析方法体系，提升语言运用与思维辨析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法讲解|4大对比维度、5类句型转换|时间状语判定法、动词状态转换法、句型转换规则|从概念（定义）到结构（句式）到用法（场景）递进，通过对比表格建立时态选择逻辑| |习题训练|5题型35题（填空/选择/改错等）|错误类型归类（如时间状语混用）、语境分析法|覆盖高频考点（for/since用法、瞬间动词转换），典例直击易错点，强化知识迁移能力|

译林版九上Unit1语法专练 一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时 一、语法讲解 （一）一般过去时 1. 基本概念 一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。使用一般过去时时，说话人只陈述过去发生的事情，与现在没有联系。动作是否已经完成、发生在多久以前，都不是重点，重点是“那是过去的事”。 2. 结构形式 肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式。例句：I watched TV last night. 否定句：主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形。例句：I didn't watch TV last night. 一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？例句：Did you watch TV last night? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形？例句：What did you do last night? 注意：be动词的过去式为was/were，其否定和疑问形式不借助did。 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他。例句：I was at home yesterday. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 其他。例句：I was not at home yesterday. 一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？例句：Were you at home yesterday? 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 规则变化： · 一般情况加ed：work → worked，play → played · 以e结尾加d：live → lived，dance → danced · 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加ed：study → studied，carry → carried · 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该字母加ed：stop → stopped，plan → planned 不规则变化（需单独记忆）： · go → went，see → saw，do → did，have → had，eat → ate，buy → bought，begin → began，drink → drank，sing → sang，swim → swam 4. 常用时间状语 yesterday及其短语：yesterday，yesterday morning，the day before yesterday last系列：last night，last week，last month，last year，last Sunday ago系列：two days ago，three years ago，a moment ago，long ago in系列（过去年份）：in 2020，in 1998，in the 1980s when引导的从句：when I was young，when he came in 其他：just now，at that time，in the past，once upon a time 5. 用法详解 用法一：表示过去某个具体时间发生的动作。例句：I met her in the library yesterday. 用法二：表示过去一段时间内发生的动作（现已结束）。例句：He lived in Beijing for ten years. (他现在不住北京了) 用法三：表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，可与often，always，usually等连用。例句：When I was a child，I often played football in the street. 用法四：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。例句：He said he would tell me as soon as he arrived. （二）现在完成时 1. 基本概念 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去。现在完成时强调“与现在的联系”。 2. 结构形式 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词。例句：I have seen this movie. She has finished her homework. 否定句：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词。例句：I haven't seen this movie. She hasn't finished her homework. 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词？例句：Have you seen this movie? Has she finished her homework? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词？例句：What have you done? 3. 过去分词的变化规则 规则动词过去分词与过去式相同：work → worked → worked，live → lived → lived 不规则动词过去分词需单独记忆，可分为以下几类： AAA型（三同）：cut → cut → cut，put → put → put，let → let → let ABB型（过去式和过去分词相同）：bring → brought → brought，buy → bought → bought，think → thought → thought，catch → caught → caught，teach → taught → taught，keep → kept → kept，sleep → slept → slept，feel → felt → felt，leave → left → left，meet → met → met ABC型（三不同）：begin → began → begun，drink → drank → drunk，sing → sang → sung，swim → swam → swum，give → gave → given，see → saw → seen，go → went → gone，do → did → done，eat → ate → eaten，write → wrote → written，speak → spoke → spoken，break → broke → broken，choose → chose → chosen，forget → forgot → forgotten，drive → drove → driven 4. 常用时间状语 already（已经）：用于肯定句，可放在助动词后或句末。例句：I have already finished my work. yet（还；已经）：用于否定句和疑问句，通常放在句末。例句：I haven't finished yet. Have you finished yet? ever（曾经）：用于疑问句和肯定句。例句：Have you ever been to London? never（从未）：表示否定，本身已含否定意义。例句：I have never seen a dolphin. just（刚刚）：表示动作刚刚完成。例句：He has just left. before（以前）：通常放在句末。例句：I have seen this film before. since + 时间点（自从……以来）：与持续性动词连用。例句：I have lived here since 2015. for + 时间段（长达……）：表示动作持续的时间长度。例句：I have lived here for five years. so far（到目前为止）：例句：So far，I have learned 1000 words. recently / lately（最近）：例句：I have seen him recently. in the past/last + 时间段（在过去……里）：例句：Great changes have taken place in the past ten years. 5. 用法详解 用法一：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。强调结果，不强调动作发生的时间。例句：I have lost my key. (结果是我现在进不了门) 用法二：表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for和since连用。例句：I have known her for ten years. (我知道她已经有十年了) He has worked here since 2010. (他从2010年起就在这里工作) 用法三：表示过去某一时间开始的动作一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去。例句：They have lived in this city since they got married. 用法四：表示经历或经验，常与ever，never，before等连用。例句：I have never eaten Indian food. (我从未吃过印度菜) 6. 延续性动词与非延续性动词 延续性动词：表示可以持续的动作或状态，如live，work，study，know，stay，wait，sleep，keep，have等。可以与for和since连用。例句：I have lived here for five years. 非延续性动词（瞬间动词）：表示瞬间完成的动作，如come，go，leave，arrive，begin，start，buy，borrow，die，join，marry，finish，stop，open，close等。在现在完成时肯定句中不能与for和since连用。如需表达持续状态，需改为相应的延续性表达。 常见转换： · come/arrive → be here / be in · go → be there / be out · leave → be away (from) · buy → have · borrow → keep · die → be dead · begin/start → be on · join → be in / be a member of · get married → be married · finish/stop → be over 例句对比： · 错误：He has left for two hours. · 正确：He has been away for two hours. · 正确：He left two hours ago. · 正确：It has been two hours since he left. （三）一般过去时与现在完成时的核心区别 比较维度 一般过去时 现在完成时 时间焦点 过去 现在 与现在的联系 无联系，过去独立的事件 有联系，强调结果或持续 时间状语 具体的过去时间 不具体的时间或延续时间 动作是否已结束 已结束 可能仍在持续 具体区别： 区别一：现在完成时不与明确的过去时间状语连用，而一般过去时必须或可与明确的过去时间状语连用。 错误：I have seen the movie yesterday. 正确：I saw the movie yesterday. 正确：I have seen the movie. 区别二：现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，一般过去时只陈述过去事实。 例句对比：I have lost my wallet. (所以我现在没有钱包) I lost my wallet yesterday. (只陈述昨天丢了钱包，不知道现在是否找到) 区别三：现在完成时可与for和since连用表示持续到现在的动作，一般过去时表示过去结束的动作。 例句对比：He has lived in London for three years. (现在还住在伦敦) He lived in London for three years. (曾经住过三年，现在不在了) 区别四：现在完成时表示经历和经验，一般过去时表示具体事件。 例句对比：I have visited the Great Wall twice. (谈经历) I visited the Great Wall in 2019. (谈具体事件) （四）典型句型转换 句型转换一：现在完成时改为一般过去时 · 原句：I have already finished my homework. · 改为：I finished my homework an hour ago.（需加上具体过去时间） 句型转换二：一般过去时改为现在完成时 · 原句：He bought the car last year. · 改为：He has had the car for one year.（需将buy改为have，去掉过去时间） 句型转换三：It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时从句 · 这个句型等同于现在完成时的表达。例句：It is three years since I came here. = I have been here for three years. 句型转换四：This is the first / second / third time + that + 现在完成时 · 例句：This is the first time that I have seen such a beautiful sunset. 二、习题部分 题目 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. She ________ (finish) her homework an hour ago. 2. They ________ (already / visit) the Great Wall. 3. I ________ (not / see) him since last Monday. 4. ________ you ________ (ever / be) to Shanghai? 5. My father ________ (work) in this factory for ten years. He still works there. 6. He ________ (live) in Beijing from 2015 to 2020. 7. ________ he ________ (return) the book yet? 8. I ________ (buy) a new bike last week. I ________ (ride) it every day since then. 9. She ________ (read) this book before, so she doesn't want to read it again. 10. When I was a child, I ________ (be) afraid of dogs. 二、选择正确的选项 1. My brother ________ to Japan twice. A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes 2. — Where is Tom? — He ________ to the library. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 3. I ________ a letter from my friend yesterday. A. receive B. have received C. received D. will receive 4. She ________ her keys. She can't open the door. A. loses B. lost C. has lost D. was losing 5. We ________ each other since we were children. A. know B. knew C. have known D. are knowing 6. The film ________ for ten minutes when we arrived at the cinema. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. began 7. He ________ his grandparents last weekend. A. visits B. has visited C. visited D. will visit 8. I ________ this movie twice. It's really interesting. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see 9. — ________ you ever ________ to an art museum? — Yes, I ________ one last month. A. Have; been; visited B. Did; go; have visited C. Have; gone; visited D. Did; go; visited 10. So far, we ________ about 1,500 English words. A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn 三、改错（每题仅有一处错误） 1. I have seen that movie yesterday. 2. She has bought the book for two weeks. 3. He went to Beijing three times this year. 4. I didn't finish my homework already. 5. When have you come back from work yesterday? 6. My grandfather has died for five years. 7. — Have you ever went to the new park? — No, I haven't. 8. This is the first time I came to this city. 9. He has left his hometown since 2018. 10. I have met him two years ago. 四、句型转换 1. I bought this car two years ago. (改为现在完成时) 2. He has lived in Shanghai since 2010. (改为一般过去时，用“in 2010”作时间状语) 3. They finished the project. The project is still important to them. (合并句子，用现在完成时) 4. She began to teach English five years ago. (改为同义句，用现在完成时) 5. It is three years since we met last time. (改为同义句，用现在完成时) 6. He has never visited the museum. (改为一般疑问句) 7. My mother has already cleaned the room. (改为否定句) 8. The old man died two years ago. (改为同义句，用be dead) 9. He borrowed the book three days ago. (改为同义句，用keep) 10. The meeting started half an hour ago. (改为同义句，用be on) 五、翻译句子 1. 我昨天在超市遇到了我的小学老师。 2. 他已经完成了他的作业，现在可以休息了。 3. 你曾经吃过火锅吗？ 4. 她离开家乡已经五年了。 5. 到目前为止，我已经读了三本英文小说。 6. 他刚刚把窗户打破了。 7. 我从来没去过长城。 8. 自从我来到这所学校，我就交了很多朋友。 9. 我的叔叔去年买了一辆新车。 10. 这部电影我已经看过两次了。 三、答案与解析 一、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. 答案：finished 解析：句中出现了明确过去时间状语an hour ago（一小时前），表示过去发生的动作，因此用一般过去时。finish为规则动词，过去式加ed。 1. 答案：have already visited 解析：already（已经）是现在完成时的标志词，表示“已经做过某事”，强调对现在的影响。主语They为复数，助动词用have。already通常放在助动词之后、实义动词之前。 1. 答案：haven't seen 解析：since last Monday（自从上周一以来）是现在完成时的标志，表示从过去某个时间点持续到现在的动作。否定形式为haven't seen。 1. 答案：Have ever been 解析：ever（曾经）是现在完成时的标志词，用于询问是否经历过某事。主语you为第二人称，助动词用Have。have been to表示“去过某地（已返回）”。 1. 答案：has worked 解析：for ten years（长达十年）是现在完成时的标志，表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且从后文He still works there可知他现在仍在此工作，故用现在完成时。主语My father为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 1. 答案：lived 解析：from 2015 to 2020是一个明确的过去时间段，表示动作发生在过去并且已经结束（现在不住北京了），因此用一般过去时。live为规则动词，过去式加d。 1. 答案：Has returned 解析：yet（已经）用于疑问句和否定句，是现在完成时的标志。本句为一般疑问句，主语he为第三人称单数，助动词用Has。 1. 答案：bought have ridden 解析：第一空：last week（上周）为过去时间状语，用一般过去时bought。第二空：since then（从那以后）表示从过去某时间点持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语I用have ridden。 1. 答案：has read 解析：before（以前）是现在完成时的标志，表示过去的经历对现在的影响（所以她不想再读一遍）。主语She为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 1. 答案：was 解析：When I was a child（当我还是个孩子的时候）为过去的时间状语从句，主句描述过去的恐惧心理，用一般过去时。主语I用was。 二、选择正确的选项 1. 答案：B 解析：have been to表示“去过某地（已返回）”，强调经历；have gone to表示“去了某地（还未返回）”。twice（两次）强调经历次数，故用has been to。主语My brother为单数，助动词用has。 1. 答案：B 解析：问句Where is Tom?询问汤姆现在在哪里。回答应说明他去了图书馆还未回来，故用has gone to。has been to表示去过已返回，不符合语境。 1. 答案：C 解析：yesterday（昨天）为明确过去时间状语，用一般过去时received。receive为规则动词，过去式加d。 1. 答案：C 解析：从后文She can't open the door（她打不开门）可知，丢失钥匙对现在造成了影响，故用现在完成时has lost。 1. 答案：C 解析：since we were children（自从我们小时候起）表示从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时have known。know为不规则动词，过去分词为known。 1. 答案：C 答案分析：本题需要同时考虑时态和瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。begin为瞬间动词，不能与时间段for ten minutes连用，需改为be on。when引导的从句用一般过去时arrived，主句表示“在到达之前已经开始了十分钟”，用过去完成时，但had been on即可。选项C had been on正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：last weekend（上周末）为过去时间状语，用一般过去时visited。 1. 答案：C 解析：twice（两次）强调经历的次数，用现在完成时have seen。主语I用have。 1. 答案：A 解析：第一空：ever（曾经）提示用现在完成时，主语you用Have...been。第二空：last month（上个月）为过去时间状语，用一般过去时visited。 1. 答案：C 解析：so far（到目前为止）是现在完成时的标志，用have learned。主语we用have。 三、改错 1. 答案：I saw that movie yesterday. 解析：yesterday是明确的过去时间状语，不能与现在完成时连用，应改为一般过去时saw。 1. 答案：She has had the book for two weeks. 解析：buy为瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的for two weeks连用，需改为延续性动词have。has had表示“拥有”。 1. 答案：He has been to Beijing three times this year. 解析：three times this year（今年三次）强调经历，用现在完成时。went为一般过去时，不适用于表达“到现在为止经历的次数”。 1. 答案：I haven't finished my homework yet. 解析：already用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句中用yet。本句为否定句，应将already改为yet。 1. 答案：When did you come back from work yesterday? 解析：when提问具体过去时间时，使用一般过去时，疑问句需借助助动词did。have come为现在完成时，不能与yesterday连用。 1. 答案：My grandfather has been dead for five years. 解析：die为瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的for five years连用，需改为be dead。has been dead表示“去世”的状态持续了五年。 1. 答案：Have you ever been to the new park? 解析：ever与现在完成时连用时，后面的动词应用过去分词。went是过去式，应改为been。have been to表示“去过某地”。 1. 答案：This is the first time I have come to this city. 解析：在This is the first/second time that...句型中，that从句需用现在完成时。came为一般过去时，应改为have come。 1. 答案：He has been away from his hometown since 2018. 解析：leave为瞬间动词，不能与since 2018连用，需改为be away from。has been away表示“离开”的状态持续。 1. 答案：I met him two years ago. 解析：two years ago为明确的过去时间状语，只能用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时。met为meet的过去式。 四、句型转换 1. 答案：I have had this car for two years. 解析：原句为一般过去时，改为现在完成时需要：将bought改为延续性动词have；去掉two years ago，改为for two years。 1. 答案：He lived in Shanghai in 2010. 解析：原句为现在完成时，改为一般过去时需要：将has lived改为lived；去掉since 2010，改为in 2010。 1. 答案：They have finished the project. 解析：原句包含两个简单句，用现在完成时合并时，强调项目完成对现在的重要性。finished为过去分词。 1. 答案：She has taught English for five years. 解析：begin to do something改为延续性动词的现在完成时。She has taught...表示从五年前开始教英语，可能仍在教。for five years表示持续的时间段。 1. 答案：We haven't met for three years. 或 We have been away from each other for three years. 解析：It is + 时间段 + since从句句型可改为现在完成时。原句意为“自从上次见面已经三年了”，即“三年没见过面”。第一句用否定形式更简洁。 1. 答案：Has he ever visited the museum? 解析：含有never的陈述句改为一般疑问句时，将never改为ever，并将have/has提到主语前。 1. 答案：My mother hasn't cleaned the room yet. 解析：肯定句改为否定句，在has后加not，缩写为hasn't。同时将already改为yet。 1. 答案：The old man has been dead for two years. 解析：die为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用。改为be dead，用现在完成时has been dead表示死亡的状态持续了两年。 1. 答案：He has kept the book for three days. 解析：borrow为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用。改为keep，用现在完成时has kept表示借阅的状态持续了三天。 1. 答案：The meeting has been on for half an hour. 解析：start为瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用。改为be on，用现在完成时has been on表示会议开始的状态持续了半小时。 五、翻译句子 1. 答案：I met my primary school teacher in the supermarket yesterday. 解析：“昨天”为过去时间状语，用一般过去时。met为meet的过去式。“小学老师”译为primary school teacher。 1. 答案：He has already finished his homework，so he can rest now. 解析：“已经”暗示现在完成时，用has already finished。“可以休息”表示结果，用so连接。 1. 答案：Have you ever had hot pot? 解析：“曾经”提示现在完成时，用Have you ever had。hot pot是“火锅”的常见译法。 1. 答案：She has been away from her hometown for five years. 解析：“已经五年了”表示状态持续，用现在完成时。leave为瞬间动词，需改为be away from。“离开家乡”译为been away from her hometown。 1. 答案：So far，I have read three English novels. 解析：“到目前为止”用so far，是现在完成时的标志。have read表示已读完。“英文小说”译为English novels。 1. 答案：He has just broken the window. 解析：“刚刚”用just，是现在完成时的标志。break的过去分词为broken。 1. 答案：I have never been to the Great Wall. 解析：“从来没去过”用have never been to表示零经历。never本身含否定意义，句中不再加not。 1. 答案：I have made many friends since I came to this school. 解析：“自从……以来”用since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时have made，从句用一般过去时came。 1. 答案：My uncle bought a new car last year. 解析：“去年”为过去时间状语，用一般过去时bought。 1. 答案：I have seen this movie twice. 解析：“已经看过两次”强调经历的次数，用现在完成时have seen。twice表示“两次”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $