期末核心素养培优卷-2025 - 2026学年人教版 八年级下册英语

**基本信息** 该卷以“语言能力递进+文化意识渗透”为主线，整合词汇、语法、语篇理解与表达，覆盖期末核心考点，体现核心素养综合培育。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|15题|语境理解与词汇辨析|以“尊重与礼仪”为主题，考查上下文逻辑与词汇运用| |阅读理解|20题|细节/推理/主旨|涵盖校园安全、情绪管理、社交礼仪，培养信息提取与跨文化理解| |词汇应用|10题|词性转换与拼写|从文化差异到科技发展，强化词汇积累与语境适配| |语法填空|10题|语法规则与上下文衔接|结合科幻小说背景，考查时态、介词等语法在语篇中的应用| |书面表达|1题|社交礼仪与跨文化沟通|要求介绍中国日常礼仪，体现语言能力与文化意识融合|

2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末核心素养培优卷人教版（新教材） 本卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。 4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。 一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） Something that I learnt from both my parents was the importance of having respect for other people. I remember one day when we were travelling on a bus and I sat down while other people were 1 . My mother shouted at me, “ 2 immediately! You have young legs and you don’t need to sit down.” At the time I felt embarrassed about being told off (责备) 3 , but now I understand. I think children nowadays have 4 the respect and it really makes me angry if I see children sitting down while 5 people are standing. One area in which we had a lot of rules was 6 manners. For example, we weren’t allowed to start our meal 7 the oldest person had started. We had to say “thank you” when our 8 was served, and eat everything on our plates before we could 9 the table. We couldn’t 10 any noise when eating. Worse than that, we were only allowed to have sweets at the weekend, as a special 11 if we had been good. Although my upbringing (养育) was perhaps a bit strict (严格的) compared with 12 children, I’m very thankful to my parents for giving me a clear 13 in life. Even though I was sometimes punished, I think it has made me a better person. 14 my opinion, children need clear rules, but more than that they need to learn how to get on with 15 people and realize they are not the center of the world. 1．A．sitting B．talking C．standing D．sleeping 2．A．Get up B．Sit up C．Give up D．Look up 3．A．in order B．in public C．in surprise D．in person 4．A．won B．shown C．wasted D．lost 5．A．older B．richer C．taller D．heavier 6．A．greeting B．table C．watching D．tour 7．A．if B．because C．until D．though 8．A．farm B．water C．house D．food 9．A．move B．book C．leave D．lay 10．A．make B．express C．warn D．advise 11．A．lesson B．treat C．check D．need 12．A．lovely B．careless C．modern D．perfect 13．A．direction B．answer C．message D．plan 14．A．For B．At C．To D．In 15．A．some B．other C．few D．several 二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。 A More and more people pay attention to (关注) school safety. They think it is important to protect students who are in trouble. They also think bullying (欺凌) is a problem in some schools. In order to stop bullies, everyone needs to do something. Here are some tips. ·If You Are Bullied Talk about it. Tell an adult, a close friend, your sisters or brothers. Stay in a group. You may not be an easy target. Stand up for yourself. Don’t fight back. If it feels safe, tell the bully to stop, and then walk away. Join a club. You’ll make friends. ·If You See Someone Being Bullied Report it to an adult. Give your help. Sometimes the best thing you can do is just be a friend. Stand up to the bully. If you feel safe, tell the kid that bullying is wrong and to stop. Get friends to help you. 16．More and more people pay attention to ________. A．food safety B．school safety C．public safety D．traffic safety 17．When you see someone being bullied, you should not ________. A．fight with the bullies B．give your help C．report it to an adult D．get your friends to help you 18．Which of the following is true? A．If you are bullied, you should keep silent. B．If you are bullied, you should fight back. C．If you are bullied, you should tell an adult about it. D．If you are bullied, you should walk away. 19．The underlined word “target” in the fourth paragraph means ________ in Chinese. A．计划 B．打算 C．安排 D．目标 20．The best title of the passage is ________. A．Talking about Bullies B．How to Deal with Bullies C．Bullies are Afraid D．Help the Bullies B Do you know how to deal with your feelings when you are upset? Everyone may feel sad, worried or angry sometimes. These feelings are normal, but if you keep bad feelings inside for too long, they will be bad for your health and study. Here are some useful ways to cheer yourself up when you are in a bad mood. First, talk to someone you trust. Many teenagers choose to keep their problems to themselves. They are afraid that others will laugh at them or think they are strange. In fact, talking is the best way to release stress. You can talk to your parents, teachers or close friends. When you share your trouble with them, they may give you some useful advice. Just speaking out your feelings will also make you feel relaxed. Second, do some sports or outdoor activities. Doing exercise can make your body produce special things that make you happy. You can go running, play basketball or swim in your free time. If you don’t like sports, you can take a walk in the park, enjoy the fresh air and beautiful flowers. Being close to nature can calm your mind and drive away bad moods. Third, do something you enjoy. Everyone has hobbies. You can read interesting storybooks, listen to soft music or draw pictures. Hobbies can take your attention away from your troubles. When you put your heart into your favorite things, you will forget unhappiness little by little. You can also watch funny cartoons or comedies. Laughter is the best medicine for a bad mood. Fourth, learn to think in a different way. Sometimes bad feelings come from our wrong ideas. If you fail an exam, don’t always think you are stupid. Instead, find out the reasons and try to do better next time. Learn to accept small mistakes and encourage yourself all the time. Life is full of ups and downs. Bad feelings are just small parts of life. Use these ways properly, and you will become a happy and confident person. 21．Why shouldn’t we keep bad feelings for a long time? A．It will make us lonely. B．It is bad for health and study. C．It will make others angry. D．It will affect our friendship. 22．What does the underlined word “release” mean in Chinese? A．释放 B．积累 C．制造 D．感受 23．Which activity can NOT help you cheer up according to the passage? A．Playing ball games. B．Taking a walk. C．Fighting with others. D．Listening to music. 24．What can we do when we fail an exam? A．Give up studying. B．Blame our teachers. C．Find out reasons and improve. D．Keep sad all day. 25．How many ways are mentioned to deal with bad moods? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. C If someone invites you to a party, what will you do? Accept it happily or refuse it politely? In our daily life, we often receive different invitations. Knowing how to accept or refuse invitations properly is an important social skill. When you get an invitation, first you should show your thanks, no matter you will go or not. If you decide to accept the invitation, you need to reply clearly. You can say “Thank you for inviting me! I’d love to come.” And you’d better ask about the exact time and place of the party to avoid being late. Before going to the party, it’s polite to prepare a small gift, such as flowers or snacks. When you arrive, greet the host warmly. During the party, don’t leave too early. Enjoy the time with other guests. Sometimes you may be too busy or have other plans, so you have to turn down an invitation. Remember to refuse politely and explain the reason briefly. Never refuse others’ invitations rudely. There are different ways to refuse. If you have to study for an exam, you can say “I’m sorry I can’t go. I have to prepare for my English test tonight.” If you are ill, you can tell the truth directly. You can also show your regret and hope to join next time. For example, “What a pity! I have to look after my little sister. I hope I can come next time.” Besides, you should pay attention to different situations. For family members and close friends, you can speak more freely. For teachers or strangers, your words should be more polite and formal. In a word, good manners will help you get on well with people around you. Practice these skills, and you will become a popular person in social situations. 26．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How to hold a wonderful party. B．How to accept or refuse invitations properly. C．Different kinds of parties in daily life. D．How to make friends at parties. 27．What should you do first when you get an invitation? A．Buy a gift at once. B．Show your thanks. C．Ask for the address. D．Refuse it directly. 28．Which is a polite way to refuse an invitation? A．I don’t want to go. B．No, I’m busy. C．Sorry, I have to look after my sister. D．It’s boring, so I won’t go. 29．Why do people refuse invitations according to the passage? ① Have to study      ② Be ill       ③ Need to look after family members      ④ Dislike the host A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 30．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Parties are not important for us. B．Good manners help us get along with others. C．We should never refuse others’ invitations. D．We can speak casually to teachers. 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读以下内容，从其后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，有两项是多余的。 Gift giving traditions are greatly different from one country to another. 31 Let’s take a look at the special gifting traditions from around the world. 32 Many Americans think practical gifts like this are useful and thoughtful. However, in certain European countries like Germany, people believe that a knife presented as a gift will cut off your friendship. In Indian culture, left hands are thought to be unclean. 33 This tradition comes from long-held cultural thoughts about cleanliness and respect. In Indian culture, an odd number (奇数) of things or money stands for good luck. Indians often choose odd numbers for gifts to send good wishes. 34 In Zimbabwe, it is common to directly ask for a gift. When you receive a gift without asking for it, even if the giver’s family is poor, it’s the worst way to refuse the offering. 35 These may include jumping up and down, dancing or cheering. A．For example, £11 should be given instead of £10. B．So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands. C．You’d better give a much more expensive gift in return. D．In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea. E．For example, you can give them two bottles of wine as a present. F．Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”. G．A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else. 3、 词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 36．Learning ________ (culture) differences helps us know more about other countries. 37．Traveling abroad can greatly increase our ________ (know) of different cultures. 38．With enough preparation, he could ________ (possible) pass such a difficult exam. 39．It is ________ (proper) to talk loudly in the library. Please keep your voice down. 40．After failing the first time, she felt deeply ________ (embarrass) in front of her classmates. 41．Yesterday I saw an ________ (广告) about a new sports club on TV. 42．Tom joined a(n) ________ (慈善机构) group to give food to homeless people yesterday. 43．After the long journey, she was ________ (完全地) exhausted. 44．You need to spend more ________ (努力) on remembering these new English words. 45．With the rapid ________ (发展) of technology, our life becomes easier. 4、 完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 46．一看到机器人在节目中扭秧歌，人们都震惊了。 People were shocked ________ they saw the robots do the yangge dance in the show. 47．第十五届中国国际园林博览会吸引了数千的参观者。 The 15th China International Garden Expo has attracted ________ visitors. 48．科学家想要解开珊瑚礁的奥秘。 Scientists want to ________ the ________ of coral reefs. 49．她已经习惯于每天提醒自己保持自信。 She has ________ ________ ________ ________ herself to keep confident every day. 50．除非天气太糟，否则我们明天去远足。 We will go hiking tomorrow ________ the weather is too bad. 五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读短文，用方框中所给词填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。方框中有一个词为多余选项。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词） while,     injuries,     power.     supplies,     nearly,     proper, safety,     survived,     warn.     ready,     waves Heavy rain often brings serious flood danger. Local officials always 51 people to stay away from low-lying areas ahead of time. Big wild 52 may rush forward suddenly, putting everyone in great risk. Last week, a reporter did an interview with residents (居民) who 53 a flood. Most people said they 54 got trapped (被困住) when water flooded their streets. Smart families got everything 55 long before the disaster came. They stored daily 56 like food, clean water and first-aid kits at home. They also cut off 57 in time to avoid electric (电) accidents. 58 the flood was hitting hard, people stayed indoors and never tried to walk through running water. They followed 59 rules and helped each other. So, no serious 60 happened in this community. Learning flood self-rescue knowledge helps to protect us well when danger comes. 六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 The book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is a classic science fiction adventure novel by the French writer Jules Verne. Verne was a son of a lawyer. However, he decided to be a writer i 61 of a lawyer. He liked sailing and the sea. He also liked travelling around the world. He and his wife s 62 much time sailing on his ship. They sailed to many places and had adventures. Later, all of these were written i 63 his books. The book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is about Captain Nemo and his submarine (潜艇)—a kind of vessel that travels under w 64 . His submarine is called Nautilus. Submarines are common today, but Verne wrote about this submarine many years b 65 they appeared! Some of Verne’s ideas came true in history. The story starts in New York City and takes the readers to many d 66 places. Verne describes some real places like the Mediterranean Sea, the South Pole and the Antarctic. But the story a 67 talks about visits to some fictional locations like Atlantis, an underwater city. Many people think the title Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea means h 68 deep the submarine travels under the water. However, the submarine never travels over a few leagues below the water. In fact, the title refers to the distance which Captain Nemo and his submarine travel during the course of the book. The book is f 69 of mysteries and magic things under water. It has been translated into many different l 70 and sells well. 七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分） 第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分） Minqin County (县) lies in the northeast of Hexi Corridor (走廊). As the county is between the Tengger and Badain Jaran deserts, it used to be one of China’s most sandy counties, with strong winds and sandstorms often hitting the area. This spring, tens of thousands of volunteers came to Minqin from all over the country. Their purpose is to plant trees with their own hands. Nearly 80 percent of them are young people aged from 20 to 35. They shared their stories online, making this small northwestern county with a population of 170,000 become well-known. Many people wonder why these young people choose to plant trees in Minqin. According to their comments, they get a strong sense of joy and power from the work. When planting young trees, they forget all their worries and feel peaceful and focused (专注). Some say the trees they plant grow with them, facing difficulties bravely just like they do. In videos online, these young people carry tools and trees, walking in a long line across the desert. Their action is not only about planting green, but also showing the sense of responsibility (责任) of young people. It is a meaningful journey. This is how young people turn responsibility into action. 根据短文内容回答下列问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 71．What often hits Minqin County? 72．Why did the volunteers come to Minqin? 73．How did volunteers make Minqin well-known? 74．What do the young people get from planting trees?   75．What does the writer think of the journey in the last paragraph?   第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分） 76．假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Peter要来中国做交换生，并寄宿在当地一位同学家中。他给你发来邮件，询问中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪。请你用英语回复一封邮件，介绍一些Peter应该了解的社交礼仪，并就他在拜访寄宿家庭前需做哪些准备给出建议。 提示问题： What social manners in China should Peter know? What should he prepare before visiting the host family? 写作要求： 1．不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。 2．可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。 3．字迹工整，语言精练，表达准确，条理清晰。 4．至少100词。 Dear Peter, I’m excited to learn that you are coming to China. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Please feel free to ask for more information. Yours, Li Hua 参考答案及试题解析 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文作者回忆父母教导的尊重他人及餐桌礼仪，感激严格养育让自己明白规则，学会与人相处，不再以自我为中心。 【解析】1．我坐下，而其他人站着。   后文提到母亲责备作者，让她起身让座，说明当时其他人是“站着”的，standing符合语境；sitting“坐着”、talking“交谈”、sleeping“睡觉”均不符合语境。 2．句意：母亲对我喊道：“马上起来！你有年轻的腿，不需要坐下。”   后文提到母亲让作者让座，Get up“起来”符合语境；Sit up“坐直”、Give up“放弃”、Look up“查阅”均不符合语境。 3．句意：当时在公共场合被责备，我感到很尴尬。   事情发生在公交车上，是公共场合，in public“在公共场合”符合语境；in order“按顺序”、in surprise“惊讶地”、in person“亲自”均不符合语境。 4．句意：我认为现在的孩子已经失去了这种尊重，如果看到孩子坐着而年长的人站着，我真的很生气。 后文提到作者对孩子不尊重长辈的行为感到生气，说明现在的孩子lost“失去”了这种尊重，符合语境；won“赢得”、shown“展示”、wasted“浪费”均不符合语境。 5．句意：我真的很生气，如果看到孩子坐着而年长的人站着。 前文提到母亲让作者给长辈让座，说明此处是older“年长的”人站着，符合语境；richer“更富有的”、taller“更高的”、heavier“更重的”均不符合语境。 6．句意：我们有很多规矩的一个方面是餐桌礼仪。 后文提到吃饭时的各种规矩，属于table manners“餐桌礼仪”，符合语境；greeting“问候”、watching“观看”、tour“旅行”均不符合语境。 7．句意：例如，我们不允许在最年长的人开始吃饭之前就开始吃饭。 此处表示“直到……才”，not…until…为固定搭配，until符合语境；if“如果”、because“因为”、though“虽然”均不符合语境。 8．句意：当我们的食物被端上来时，我们必须说“谢谢”。   此处指用餐时食物被端上，food“食物”符合语境；farm“农场”、water“水”、house“房子”均不符合语境。 9．句意：在离开餐桌之前，我们必须把盘子里的东西都吃完。 吃完饭后要离开餐桌，leave“离开”符合语境；move“移动”、book“预订”、lay“放置”均不符合语境。 10．句意：吃饭时我们不能发出任何噪音。 固定搭配make noise表示“发出噪音”，make符合语境；express“表达”、warn“警告”、advise“建议”均不符合语境。 11．句意：更糟糕的是，我们只允许在周末吃糖果，作为表现好的特殊奖励。 表现好才能吃糖果，是一种特殊待遇，treat“款待/奖励” 符合语境；lesson“课程”、check“检查”、need“需要”均不符合语境。 12．句意：虽然我的成长经历和现代的孩子相比可能有点严格，但我很感谢父母给了我明确的人生方向。 此处指和现在的孩子对比，modern“现代的”符合语境；lovely“可爱的”、careless“粗心的”、perfect“完美的”均不符合语境。 13．句意：我很感谢父母给了我明确的人生方向。   父母的教导让作者有了人生方向，direction“方向”符合语境；answer“答案”、message“信息”、plan“计划”均不符合语境。 14．句意：在我看来，孩子需要明确的规则。 固定搭配in one’s opinion表示“在某人看来”，In符合语境；For“为了”、At“在”、To“到”均不符合语境。 15．句意：但更重要的是，他们需要学会如何与他人相处，并意识到自己不是世界的中心。 固定搭配get on with other people 表示“与他人相处”，other“其他的”符合语境；some“一些”、few“很少的”、several“几个”均不符合语境。 16．B 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了应对校园欺凌的方法：被欺凌者应主动倾诉、结伴同行、自信地制止并加入社团；旁观者应向成人报告、帮助受害者、制止欺凌行为，并寻求朋友协助。 【解析】16．第一段第一句“More and more people pay attention to school safety.”指出，越来越多的人关注的是学校安全。 17．题干问的是“不应该做什么”。在“If You See Someone Being Bullied”部分，明确建议“Report it to an adult” (对应C)、“Give your help” (对应B)、“Get friends to help you” (对应D)。文中并未建议与欺凌者打斗 (fight with)，且为了自身安全，通常不建议发生肢体冲突。 18．在“If You Are Bullied”部分，“Talk about it. Tell an adult...”指出，如果被欺凌，应该告诉成年人。 19．结合上文句子“Stay in a group. You may not be an easy target.”可推断，待在一群人里，你就不容易成为被欺凌的“目标”。结合各选项，D项“目标”，符合语境。 20．文章主要介绍了面对欺凌时 (无论是自己被欺凌还是看到他人被欺凌) 应该采取的具体措施和建议，即如何应对和处理欺凌问题。 21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了应对坏情绪的几种实用方法，帮助人们调整心态，成为快乐自信的人。 【解析】21．第一段提到“but if you keep bad feelings inside for too long, they will be bad for your health and study”，说明长时间压抑坏情绪对健康和学习有害。 22．根据第二段语境“In fact, talking is the best way to release stress.”，结合上文倾诉烦恼会让人放松，可知此处意为“释放”压力，“release”的意思是“释放”。 23．第三段提到“play basketball”，“take a walk”，第四段提到“listen to soft music”，而“Fighting with others”既未被提及，也不符合调节情绪的逻辑，故选C。 24．第五段提到“If you fail an exam... find out the reasons and try to do better next time”，说明考试失利时，应该找出原因并努力改进。 25．文中分别以“First”，“Second”，“Third”，“Fourth”引出了四种应对坏情绪的方法。 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在日常生活中如何礼貌地接受或拒绝邀请，以及不同场合下应注意的社交礼仪。 【解析】26．文章第一段提到“Knowing how to accept or refuse invitations properly is an important social skill.”，全文围绕如何恰当接受或拒绝邀请展开，因此主旨是介绍这一社交技能。 27．第二段提到“When you get an invitation, first you should show your thanks, no matter you will go or not.”，说明收到邀请时，首先应该表达感谢。 28．第三段提到拒绝邀请时要礼貌并简要说明理由，“Sorry, I have to look after my sister.”既表达了歉意，也说明了理由，是礼貌的拒绝方式。 29．第三段提到拒绝邀请的原因包括“have to study for an exam”对应①，“If you are ill”对应②，“I have to look after my little sister”对应③，而④“Dislike the host”文中未提及。 30．最后一段提到“In a word, good manners will help you get on well with people around you.”，说明我们能学到的是礼貌有助于和他人友好相处。 31．G 32．D 33．B 34．A 35．F 【导语】本文介绍了不同国家各不相同的送礼习俗，分别讲述了美国、德国、印度以及津巴布韦独特的送礼文化与礼仪讲究。 【解析】31．前文提到不同国家的送礼传统大不相同，G选项“A behaviour that shows respect in one place might be impolite somewhere else.”表示在一个地方表示尊重的行为在另一个地方可能是不礼貌的，承接上文，解释各国送礼习俗差异的具体体现。 32．后文提到许多美国人认为这类实用的礼物贴心又有用，同时对比了德国送刀具的禁忌，D选项“In the US, a set of kitchen knives seems a perfect gift idea.”表示在美国，一套厨房刀具似乎是绝佳的礼物选择，引出下文美、德两国送礼差异的内容。 33．前文提到在印度文化中，左手被认为是不干净的，B选项“So behaviours such as touching and giving gifts are to be done with right hands.”表示所以触碰、送礼等行为都需要用右手完成，承接上文，说明印度对应的送礼礼仪。 34．前文提到印度人送礼偏爱奇数数字来传递美好祝愿，A选项“For example, £11 should be given instead of £10.”表示例如，应该送11英镑而不是10英镑，举例佐证上文印度偏爱奇数送礼的习俗。 35．后文提到可以通过蹦跳、跳舞、欢呼等方式表达谢意，F选项“Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than just saying “thanks”.”表示此外，用行动表达感谢比单纯说谢谢更好，引出下文具体的致谢行为方式。 36．cultural 【解析】句意：了解文化差异帮助我们更多地了解其他国家。空格需要修饰名词differences，要填形容词作定语。culture是名词“文化”，它的形容词形式是cultural“文化的”。 37．knowledge 【解析】句意：出国旅行能极大地增进我们对不同文化的了解。此处需要名词作宾语，根据所给单词可知，know的名词形式是knowledge表示“知识、了解”，符合语境。 38．possibly 【解析】句意：如果做好充分的准备，他很有可能通过这样的高难度考试。修饰动词“pass”应使用副词possibly“可能地”。 39．improper 【解析】句意：在图书馆里大声说话是不恰当的。请小声一点。“it is+形容词+to do sth.”是固定句式，意为“做某事是……的”，结合“talk loudly in the library”可知，在图书馆大声说话是不恰当的，此处应使用反义词improper“不恰当的”。 40．embarrassed 【解析】句意：第一次失败后，她在同学们面前感到十分尴尬。系动词felt后需要用形容词作表语。embarrass是动词“使尴尬”，它的形容词有两个：embarrassed“感到尴尬的”，形容人，和embarrassing“令人尴尬的”，形容事物，此处主语是she，指人“感到尴尬的”，所以填embarrassed。 41．advertisement 【解析】句意：昨天我在电视上看到了一则关于一个新体育俱乐部的广告。“广告”对应的英文单词是advertisement，句中不定冠词an后接以元音音素开头的单数名词，advertisement符合。 42．charity 【解析】句意：昨天汤姆加入了一个慈善机构团体，为无家可归的人提供食物。charity“慈善机构”，可数名词，位于an之后，使用单数名词，此处作定语，修饰后面的名词group。 43．completely 【解析】句意：长途旅行之后，她完全精疲力尽了。此处需要一个副词来修饰形容词exhausted。“完全地”对应英语单词“completely”。 44．effort 【解析】句意：你需要多努力记这些英语新单词。根据汉语提示，effort“努力”，此处为不可数名词。 45．development 【解析】句意：随着科技的快速发展，我们的生活变得更容易。根据中文提示可知，“发展”对应的英文是development，是不可数名词，此处作介词With的宾语，故填development。 46．as soon as 【解析】原句中的“一……就……”是关键词，对应短语as soon as，引导时间状语从句。 47．thousands of 【解析】原句“数千的”是表示不确定的数目，对应短语thousands of。 48． unlock mystery 【解析】原句中 “解开”和“奥秘” 是关键词，want to do sth.是固定搭配，to后面接动词原形；unlock表示“揭开、解开”，因此①填unlock；the mystey of…为固定短语，表示“……的奥秘”，特指珊瑚礁这一类事物的奥秘，mystery用单数形式。因此②填mystery。 49．been used to reminding 【解析】原句中“习惯于”是关键词，be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”是固定搭配；句中已有助动词has，且中文有“已经”，表明是现在完成时，be动词需变为过去分词been；remind表示“提醒”，此处应用动名词reminding。故填been；used；to；reminding。 50．unless 【解析】原句中“除非……否则……”是关键词，英文中表达“除非……否则……”的常用连词是unless。unless引导条件状语从句时，遵循“主将从现”原则。 51．warn 52．waves 53．survived 54．nearly 55．ready 56．supplies 57．power 58．While 59．proper 60．injuries 【导语】本文围绕洪灾自救展开说明，点明学习洪水自救知识，能在危险来临时很好地保护自己。 【解析】51．句意：当地官员总是警告人们提前远离低洼地区。根据 always 可知用一般现在时，主语 officials 是复数，所以填动词原形 warn。 52．句意：巨大的野生浪潮可能会突然涌向前。形容词 Big wild 修饰名词，且谓语 may rush 暗示主语为复数，所以填 waves。 53．句意：记者采访了幸存于洪水的居民。根据 Last week 可知从句用一般过去时，所以填 survived。 54．句意：大多数人说他们差点被困住。修饰动词 got trapped，表示程度，所以填 nearly。 55．句意：聪明的家庭在灾难来临前很久就把一切准备好了。get sth. ready 为固定搭配，意为“把……准备好”，所以填 ready。 56．句意：他们在家中储存了日常物资。daily 修饰名词，根据 like food...可知指物资供应，所以填 supplies。 57．句意：他们还及时切断了电源以避免触电事故。cut off power 意为“切断电源”，符合避免电事故的语境，所以填 power。 58．句意：当洪水猛烈袭击时，人们待在室内。引导时间状语从句，表示“在……期间”，句首首字母大写，所以填 While。 59．句意：他们遵守恰当的规则并互相帮助。修饰名词 rules 需用形容词，proper 意为“合适的”，符合语境。 60．句意：所以，这个社区没有发生严重的受伤事件。serious 修饰名词，根据上下文指人员伤害，所以填 injuries。 61．instead/nstead 62．spent/pent 63．in/n/into/nto 64．water/ater 65．before/efore 66．different/ifferent 67．also/lso 68．how/ow 69．full/ull 70．languages/anguages 【导语】本文主要介绍了法国作家儒勒·凡尔纳的创作背景及其经典科幻小说《海底两万里》的故事梗概和书名含义。 【解析】61．句意：然而，他决定成为一名作家而不是律师。根据上文“Verne was a son of a lawyer”可知凡尔纳出身律师家庭，但“However”表示转折，说明他做出了与父辈不同的职业选择。“instead of”为固定搭配，意为“代替、而不是”，结合首字母i，instead符合语境。 62．句意：他和他的妻子花费大量时间在他的船上航行。上文提到“He liked sailing and the sea”，说明航海是他的爱好，所以花费大量时间航行。“spend time doing sth.”意为“花费时间做某事”，根据上下文叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填spent。 63．句意：后来，所有这些都被写进了他的书里。上文提到他和妻子航海旅行、经历冒险，此处“written…his books”表示将这些经历记录在书中。“write in”表示“写入”，“write into”也意为“写进、写入”，故in/into都符合语境。 64．句意：《海底两万里》讲述了尼摩船长和他的潜艇——一种在水下航行的交通工具——的故事。上文提出潜艇“Nautilus”，此处“travels under…”是对潜艇功能的解释。“under water”意为“在水下”，符合对潜艇航行环境的描述，故填water。 65．句意：潜艇在今天很常见，但凡尔纳是在潜艇出现许多年前就写到了这种潜艇！上文说明现代潜艇很常见，但此处“many years…they appeared”中的“they”指代submarines，结合下文“Some of Verne’s ideas came true in history”可知，凡尔纳的描写早于实际潜艇的出现。结合首字母b，“before”意为“在……之前”，符合时间先后逻辑。 66．句意：故事从纽约市开始，带领读者去许多不同的地方。下文举例提到了“the Mediterranean Sea, the South Pole and the Antarctic”等真实地点，以及“Atlantis”等虚构地点，说明故事涉及的地点类型多样、各不相同。结合首字母d，“different”意为“不同的”，修饰places，符合上下文语境。 67．句意：但故事也提到了对一些虚构地点的访问，比如水下城市亚特兰蒂斯。上文提到凡尔纳描写了一些真实地点，此处“But the story a… talks about”中的“But”表示转折后补充信息，“also”意为“也”，用于说明除了真实地点之外，故事还涉及虚构地点，符合逻辑。 68．句意：许多人认为《海底两万里》这个书名指的是潜艇在水下航行得有多深。下文指出“the submarine never travels over a few leagues below the water”，说明书名并非指深度。“how deep”意为“多深”，符合许多人误解的语义。 69．句意：这本书充满了水下的神秘和神奇事物。上文提到书中包含真实与虚构地点，“be full of”为固定搭配，意为“充满”，用于描述书中内容丰富，故填full。 70．句意：它已被翻译成许多不同的语言并且销量很好。上文提到该书在全球广受欢迎，书籍被翻译成不同的“语言”，结合首字母l提示，“language”(语言)符合语境，此处应用复数形式languages，符合书籍被翻译成多国语言的事实。 71．Strong winds and sandstorms. 72．To plant trees. 73．By sharing their stories online./They shared their stories online. 74．A sense of joy and power. 75．Meaningful. 【导语】本文讲述了来自全国各地的年轻志愿者来到甘肃民勤县参与植树活动，他们通过线上分享故事让民勤受到关注，同时在植树中获得内心的平静与力量，也展现了当代青年的责任感。 【解析】71．根据原文第一段“it used to be one of China’s most sandy counties with strong winds and sandstorms often hitting the area”，可知民勤县常受大风和沙尘暴侵袭，答案直接提取原文即可。 72．根据原文第二段“Their purpose is to plant trees with their own hands”，可知志愿者的目的是亲手植树。 73．根据原文第二段“They shared their stories online, making this small northwestern county…become well-known”，可知志愿者通过在网上分享故事让民勤被熟知。 74．根据原文第三段“they get a strong sense of joy and power from the work”，可知年轻人从植树中获得快乐、力量。 75．根据原文最后一段“It is a meaningful journey”，可知作者认为这段旅程是有意义的，答案直接提取原文即可。 76．范文： Dear Peter, I’m excited to learn that you are coming to China. Let me share some social manners with you. First, when you meet someone for the first time, you can shake hands. Second, it’s polite to call the host family’s parents “Uncle” and “Aunt”. At the dinner table, do not stick your chopsticks upright into the rice. Also, you’d better finish all the food to show your thanks. Before visiting the host family, you should prepare a small gift, like fruit or tea. It’s also good to learn a few simple Chinese words, such as “ni hao” and “xie xie”. Don’t worry—Chinese people are very friendly. I’m sure you will have a great time. Please feel free to ask for more information. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确认文体：这是一封建议告知类邮件 (应用文)，时态以一般现在时和一般将来时为主 明确要点：需包含中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪以及拜访寄宿家庭前需做的准备 确定人称：第一人称 (I/my/me) 和第二人称 (you/your) 注意事项：不得使用真实姓名和学校名；至少100词；条理清晰 [第二步：构思布局] 五段式结构： 第一段：表达得知对方来中国的兴奋之情，引出话题 第二段：介绍中国人日常生活中的基本社交礼仪 第三段：给出拜访寄宿家庭前的准备建议 第四段：安慰对方不要担心，表达祝愿 第五段：结尾表示可以随时提供帮助 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：社交礼仪 见面礼仪：when you meet someone for the first time, you can shake hands/smile and say “ni hao”等 称呼礼仪：call the host family's parents “Uncle” and “Aunt”/use polite titles等 餐桌礼仪：do not stick your chopsticks upright into the rice/don’t point with chopsticks/wait for elders to start eating等 表达感谢：finish all the food to show your thanks/say “xie xie” after the meal等 具体说明：First, when you meet someone for the first time, you can shake hands. Second, it’s polite to call the host family’s parents “Uncle” and “Aunt”. At the dinner table, do not stick your chopsticks upright into the rice. Also, you'd better finish all the food to show your thanks. 要点二：拜访前的准备 准备礼物：prepare a small gift, like fruit or tea/bring a souvenir from your country等 学习语言：learn a few simple Chinese words, such as “ni hao” and “xie xie”/know some basic greetings等 其他准备：bring a gift/dress neatly/learn about Chinese family rules等 具体说明：Before visiting the host family, you should prepare a small gift, like fruit or tea. It’s also good to learn a few simple Chinese words, such as “ni hao” and “xie xie”. 要点三：安慰与祝愿 安慰表达：Don’t worry/Chinese people are very friendly/You don’t need to be nervous等 祝愿表达：I’m sure you will have a great time/Wish you a wonderful stay等 具体说明：Don’t worry—Chinese people are very friendly. I’m sure you will have a great time. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $