期末语法知识梳理2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

八年级下册全册语法复习

一、动词不定式（to do）

(一)  作状语 

主要用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，表示目的、原因、结果等，最常见的是表示目的。

1. 表示目的  意为“为了……”，可以放在句首或句末。放在句首时，常用逗号隔开，语气更强。

句型： To + 动词原形 + 主句  或   主句 + to + 动词原形

[常用动词]want/ask/tell/advise/encourage/order sb.to do sth.

例句：

To catch the early bus, she gets up early every day. （为了赶上早班车，她6点就起床了。）

Bob studies hard to get good grades. （鲍勃努力学习是为了取得好成绩。）

注意：强调目的时，也可以用 “in order to” 。

In order to improve his English, he keeps on writing diaries in English.

2. 表示结果

通常放在句末，表示一种出乎意料或顺理成章的结果。常与副词 “only” 连用，表示“却，不料”。

句型： … only to do … （却……）

例句：

He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. （他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。）

She grew up to become a famous scientist. （她长大后成了一名著名的科学家。）

3. 表示原因

不定式跟在表示情感的表语形容词后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。

常见形容词： glad, happy, sad, sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, lucky 等。

句型： 主语 + be + 形容词 + to do

例句：

I’m very glad to see you. （很高兴见到你。）（因为见到你所以高兴）

He was excited ed to hear the news. （听到这个消息他很兴奋。）

(二)动词不定式（to do）作宾语补足语

宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作、状态或身份，与宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

核心：宾语是“做”这个动作（to do）的“执行者”。否定：not to do sth

1. 最常见动词：使役动词和感官动词

使役动词： ask（要求）, tell（告诉）, want（想要）, would like（想要）, invite（邀请）, teach（教）, order（命令）, encourage（鼓励）等。

句型： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + （to do） 宾补

例句：

My parents want me to be a teacher. （我父母想让我成为一名老师。）

The mother told us to sweep the floor. （我姐姐告诉我去扫地。）

2. 重要特例：使役动词及感官动词 “让/使/听/看”等动词后不加to

使役动词： let, make, have （让/使）

感官动词： see, watch, notice, hear, feel （看/听/感觉）

句型： 主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + （do） 宾补

例句：

His humorous words made us laugh. （他的幽默的话语让我们大笑。）

Let me get it for you. （让我来为你拿它。）

I saw him enter the room. （我看见他进了房间。）

3. 表示“认为/发觉”的动词

如 think, find, believe 等，常用不定式 “to be + 名词/形容词” 作宾补（“to be” 有时可省略）。

I find him (to be) a kind man. （我发现他是个善良的人。）

We believe her (to be) honest. （我们相信她是诚实的。）

(三)作宾语：跟在某些动词后作宾语

[常用动词]want/hope/decide/plan/try/learn to do sth.

[例句]I decided to join the reading club.（我决定加入读书俱乐部。）

(四)易混搭配区分

stop doing sth.：停止正在做的事（Stop talking! 别说话了！）

stop to do sth.：停下来去做另一件事（Stop to have a rest.停下来休息一下。）

enjoy/practice/finish/mind/keep doing sth.（这些动词后只能加doing）

二、情态动词should/could表建议

1.should（应该）：用于提出劝告、建议，语气较直接，适用于所有人称

[结构]主语 + should + 动词原形 / shouldn't + 动词原形

肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形

否定句：主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形

一般疑问句：Should + 主语 + 动词原形？

[例句]You should go to bed early.（你应该早点睡觉。）

[例句]You shouldn't eat too much junk food.（你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。）

2.could（可以）：用于提出委婉的建议，语气更柔和

[结构]You could + 动词原形

[例句]You could ask the teacher for help.（你可以向老师求助。）

反身代词用法（配套考点）

1.含义及构成

反身代词是英语中表达“······自己；本身”含义的一类代词，在第一人称、第二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格的词尾加-self或-selves组成。

2．用法；反身代词与它所指的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称和数上保持一致。

（1）作动词或介词的宾语   

例句：The boy had no money for school. He taught himself at school.这个男孩没钱上学。他在家里自学。

（2）作主语或宾语的同位语

例句：Miss Green herself is a nurse. 格林小姐本人就是一名护士。

You should go and ask Tom himself. 你应该去问一下汤姆本人。

（3）作表语

例句：Just be yourself.做你自己就好了。

3．含有反身代词的常用短语

enjoy oneself玩得高兴     hurt/cut oneself伤／割着自己      by oneself独自，单独

believe in oneself 相信自己 help oneself to...随便吃／喝······    lose oneself in迷恋，沉醉于

teach oneself../learn...by oneself自学······

4.语法专练        用所给代词的适当形式填空

1.-Maria,you should believe in          (you). That's the secret of success.  -OK,I will.

2.Children must learn how to protect            (they)in an earthquake（地震）.

3.Some tourists fall in love with Yangzhou           (it),not just its tourist attractions（旅游景点）.

4.We are going to go camping.Would you like to join___________(we)?

5.The manager asked __________(she) if she could look after _____________(she).

6.Both Lily and__________(he) are the winners of the game.

三、状语从句（until/so that/although/if）

1.until引导的时间状语从句

[用法]表示“直到……才”，主句动作持续到从句动作发生。引导时间状语从句，常放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前。如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

肯定句：主句用延续性动词→ I waited until he came back.（我一直等到他回来。）

否定句：not...until → 主句用短暂性动词 → I didn't leave until he came back.（直到他回来我才离开。）

2.so that引导的目的状语从句

[用法]表示“为了……，以便……”，从句常加can/could/will/would

so that =in order that 引导目的状语从句时，一般放在主句后且不用逗号隔开。

[例句]He studies hard so that he can pass the exam.（他努力学习为了能通过考试。）

3.although引导的让步状语从句

连词 although(=though）意为“虽然；尽管；即使”，引导让步状语从句，可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面。

例句：（1）Although it was late,he continued working on the project.

尽管已经很晚了，他仍继续做项目。

（2）Tom finished his homework on time although he was unwell.

尽管身体不适，汤姆还是按时完成了家庭作业。

注意：在同一个句子中，连词although或though不能与but同时出现。

4.if引导的条件状语从句

[用法]表示“如果……”，遵循“主将/情/祈 从现”原则

[例句]If it rains tomorrow, we will not go hiking.（如果明天下雨，我们就不去远足。）

四、英语数字的表达

1. 101--999的表达  用hundred表达，后面加and

102 one hundred and two  225: two hundred and twenty-five  888: eight hundred and eighty-eight

2. 大数字 (1,000及以上)

读法规则：

①从右向左，每三位一个逗号(先忽略小数点及后面部分)。第一个逗号代表thousand(千),第二个逗号代表 million(百万),第三个逗号代表billion(十亿).

②读取时，从左到右，依次读出每个三位数，然后加上该段的单位（thousand千, million百万, billion 十亿等）。

③小数点：point，后面的数字依次读

④hundred 后通常加连词 and。若读数中百位数为 0,则在 thousand 后加 and。

9,883 nine thousand，eight hundred and eighty-three

65, 359 sixty-five thousand，three hundred and fifty-nine

265,468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand，four hundred and sixty-eight

60,263,150 sixty million，two hundred and six-three thousand，on hundred and fifty

1, 001.56: one thousand and one point five six

12, 508: twelve thousand, five hundred and eight

1, 900, 300: one million, nine hundred thousand, three hundred

305, 806, 417: three hundred and five million, eight hundred and six thousand, four hundred and seventeen

五、形容词/副词的比较级和最高级

1.构成规则

I have lost my key. (现在没有钥匙)

I lost my key yesterday. (只说明昨天丢了)

4.易错点

短暂性动词（buy/leave/join等）不能与for/since连用，需转换为延续性动词

例：buy → have；leave → be away；join → be in

错误：I have bought this car for 3 years.

正确：I have had this car for 3 years.

5.语法精炼

1. I _______________ (finish) my homework. Can I play computer games now?

2. My parents _______________ (be) to the Great Wall twice. They want to go there again.

3. So far, the scientist _______________ (discover) a new kind of plant.

4. It's the most interesting movie I _______________ (see).

5. — Where is Rose? — She _______________ (go) to the teacher's office.

6. I _______________ (not hear) from my pen pal recently. I miss her.

7. They _______________ (live) here since they moved to this city.

8. The little girl _______________ (learn) over 100 English words in the past three months.

9. My cousin _______________ (join) the army for three years. He is very strong now.

10. We _______________ (not see) each other since 2020. What a long time!

11. — How many times _______ you _______ (read) this novel? — Three times.

12. Look! Someone _______________ (break) the window. It must be the wind.

13. I _______________ (buy) a new bike, but my old one still works well.

14. The famous writer _______________ (write) many books since he began to write.

15. — Is Mr. Smith in? — No, he _______________ (go) to the library. He'll be back at 6 p.m.

16. The students _______________ (clean) the classroom already. It's very tidy.

17. I never _______________ (eat) such delicious food before.

18. My grandfather _______________ (be) ill for a week. I have to look after him.

19. — _______________you_______________(find) your lost watch? — Not yet.

20. They _______________ (know) each other since they were kids.

1. have finished  2. have been  3. has discovered  4. have seen  5. has gone

6. haven't heard  7. have lived  8. has learned  9. has been in  10. haven't seen

11. have; read   12. has broken  13. have bought 14. has written  15. has gone

16. have cleaned  17. have; eaten 18. has been  19. Have; found 20. have known

英语不规则动词分类默写版

一、AAA 型（三形相同）

1. 花费；值 cost ________ ________

2. 切；割 cut ________ ________

3. 击打 hit ________ ________

4. 伤害 hurt ________ ________

5. 让；允许 let ________ ________

6. 放置 put ________ ________

7. 阅读 read ________ ________

8. 安放；设置 set ________ ________

9. 关闭 shut ________ ________

10. 传播 spread ________ ________

用have been to，have gone to，have been in的适当形式填空

1.—Where is Lucy? -She__________ __________ __________Paris.

2.My friend Tina __________ never___________ _____________ Paris before.

3.I __________ __________ __________this city for 20 years.

2.现在完成时的用法

（1）意义：表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在，可以和表示延续的时间状语连用，如“for＋时间段”“since＋时间点”，时间点可以是具体的时间、一般过去时的句子，也可以是“一段时间+ago"。

I have lived here for ten years.我已经住在这儿10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住在这儿）

I have lived here since 2011．自2011年以来我就住在这儿了。（从2011年开始，持续到现在还住在这儿）

注意：

①for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。

My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. （我的叔叔已经在这个工厂工作5年了。)

=My uncle has worked at this factory since five years ago.

②对for与since引导的时间状语提问要用how long。

He has been in the team for two years.(他在这个团队里已经两年了。)

→How long has he been in the team?

（2）句中谓语动词的特点

与表示延续的时间状语连用的谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的短语。

1. 我已经买了这本书3年了。

I've bought the book for three years. (x)      I've had the book for three years.(√)

2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？

How long has your brother joined the army? (x)  How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? (√)

（3）延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用

A.含义：

延续性动词表示能够持续的动作，强调经过、经历，如learn,work，stand,know, walk, keep,wait,watch,read,sleep,live,stay等。可以与时间段连用，如“for＋时间段”“since＋时间点”。

Eg;He has worked here since 10 years ago．他自从10年前就在这里工作了。

非延续性动词表示不能持续的动作，强调行为的结果，如open,die，close,begin,finish,arrive,leave,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy等。不能与时间段连用。

Eg：He has finished the work.

B.非延续性动词与延续性动词或表示状态的动词短语之间的转换

①非延续性动词（短语）转换为相应的延续性动词（短语）。

become-be 

borrow-keep

buy-have 

put on-wear

get to know-know

catch a cold-have a cold

Eg：I borrowed the book 5 days ago.=I have kept the book since 5 days ago.我借了这本书5天了。

②非延续性动词（短语）转换为"be+形容词／副词／介词／名词等”。begin/start—be on