2025-2026学年高一英语下学期期末复习译林版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦高一下学期核心单元词汇句型整合与阅读能力提升，构建“基础巩固-语法突破-语篇应用”三阶训练体系，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇|21组词性转换+9个核心词讲解|“词根词缀+搭配辨析+语境应用”三步法|从词性派生到短语搭配，构建词汇网络| |句型|5类语法结构+单句填空|“结构分析-功能理解-变式训练”逻辑链|从基础句型到复杂句式，提升语言组织能力| |语篇|4类阅读题型|“信息定位-逻辑推理-主旨归纳”策略|从单句理解到语篇分析，培养跨文化理解与批判性思维|

高一下学期期末复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、重点复习必修三U1-4&选择性必修一U1-2重点词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 选择性必修一 Unit 1 Food matters 一、词性转转 1. mood n. 情绪, 心情; 气氛, 氛围→moody adj. 情绪多变的; 伤感的 2. combine vi. & vt. 结合, 联合→combination n. 结合体, 联合体; 联合, 混合 3. greed n. 贪婪, 贪心→greedy adj. 贪婪的, 贪心的→greedily adv. 贪婪地, 贪心地 4. gentle adj. 轻柔的, 温和的→gently adv. 轻柔地, 温和地 5. associate vt. &vi. 联想, 联系; 交往→association n. 联想, 联系; 协会, 社团; 联合, 交往 6. vary vi. (根据情况)变化, 变更; 相异, 不同vt. 变更, 改变→various adj. 各种各样的, 不同的→variety n. 不同种类, 变体, 多样化 7. emotion n. 情感, 强烈的感情, 激情, 情绪→emotional adj. 感情的, 情绪的; 有感染力的→emotionally adv. 感情上, 情绪上; 冲动地 8. salt n. 盐→salty adj. 咸的, 含盐的 9. relieve vt. 解除, 减轻; 缓和, 缓解→relief n. 宽慰, 解脱; 减轻; 缓和→relieved adj. 感到宽慰的, 放心的 10. secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的→security n. 安全; 保护措施; 保安部门; 担保, 保证 11．generate vt.产生，引起→generation n．一代；产生；一代人；生殖 12．impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n．印象；效果→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 13. low adj. 低的; 近底部的; 低声的→lower vt. 降低, 减少; 把……放低, 使……降下 adj. 下面的; 在底部的; 低洼的 14. fog n. 雾→foggy adj. 有雾的, 雾茫茫的 adorable adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的→adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢 15. expand vt. & vi. 增加, 扩大; 扩展, 发展(业务); 详谈, 详述→expansion n. 扩张; 扩展; 膨胀 appropriate adj.合适的→appropriately adv.适当地；合适地 16. consume vt. 吃, 喝, 饮; 消耗, 耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumption n. 消费, 消耗→consumer n. 消费者 17. innovate vt. 创新, 改革→innovation n. 创造, 创新; 新思想, 新方法→innovative adj. 创新的, 革新的 18. emphasis n. 强调, 重视; 重读→emphasize vt. 着重, 强调 19. wrapper n．(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸→wrap vt.包；缠绕 20. mix vt. &vi. (使)混合; 调配; 交往→mixture 混合物; 混合, 结合 21.depend v.依赖→ependence n.依赖，依靠 →dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的 →independent adj.独立的，自主的 二、要点词汇讲解 1.combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合(combine v. 使结合；联合；混合) ·in combination with与……联合 ·combine...and/with...把……与……结合 combine to do sth联合起来做某事 单句语法填空 (1)His treatment was a (combine) of surgery，radiation and drugs. (2)Technological innovations， (combine) with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products. 1.combination2.combined 2.association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往(associate vt.& vi.联想；联系；交往 associated adj.有关的；相关的) ·in association with与……联合；与……交往 ·associate...with...把……与……联系起来 associate with...与……交往 ·be associated with与……相关 单句语法填空 (1)The young man became famous through his (associate) with the group of poets. (2)They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. 1.association2.associated 3.vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变(various adj.不同的；各种各样的 variety n. 多样性；变化；种类) ·vary from...to...从……到……变化 vary in...在……方面变化 vary with...随……变化 ·a variety of＝varieties of多种多样的 单句语法填空 (1)The girl tried many kinds of jobs，varying from a teacher a cook. (2)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the (vary) food choices on the menu. (3)As we all know，Chinese food is famous for its wide (vary) throughout the world. 1.to 2.various3.variety 4. link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 ·link...to/with...把……和……连接起来/联系起来 be linked to...被连接到…… ·a link between...and...……和……之间的联系 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences_______________old memories. (2)Health problems are closely connected__________________bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. (3)Wealth is seldom related__________________happiness. (4)The island is joined________________the mainland by a bridge. 1.to/with 2.with 3.to 4.to 5.relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解(relief n. 宽慰；轻松；解脱) ·relieve sb of sth帮某人拿重物；帮某人减轻负担；解除某人的职务 ·in/with relief如释重负；松了口气 to one’s relief让某人感到宽慰的是 单句语法填空 (1)When the woman saw that her son was OK after the car accident,she said________relief,“Well,dear,you are the most important for me,not the expensive car." (2)In 1961 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to_________(relief) worldwide starvation. 1.in/with 2.relieve 6. impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到(impression n. 印象；影响；印记；感想 impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的) ·impress sth on/upon sb＝impress sb with sth使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/with...对……印象深刻 ·leave/make a(n). ..impression on/upon sb给某人留下一个……的印象 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)After hearing Steve’s playing，Naomi deeply (impress) by his music. (2)My first (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man 1.was ，impressed2.impression 7.expand vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述(expansion n. 扩大；扩张；扩充) expand into...扩大为…… expand on/upon 详谈 8.appropriate adj.合适的(appropriately adv.适当地) be appropriate to/for适合…… It is (not) appropriate for sb to do sth.某人(不)适合做某事。 It is appropriate that...……是合适的。(从句中要使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略) 单句语法填空 (1)How can the pain be relieved by using that method? Could you expand that point，please? (2)After years of struggle，his company has expanded a big one，with branches all over the country. 【答案】1.on/upon2.into 8.estimate vt.估计，估价 n．估计；估计的成本 be estimated to be/have...估计是/有…… It is estimated that...据估计…… 单句语法填空 (1)The tree is estimated (be) at least 700 years old. (2)It is estimated 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 【答案】1.to be2. that 9.appreciate vt．欣赏，赏识，重视；理解，意识到；感激，感谢，欢迎(可用deeply，highly，greatly等副词修饰) appreciate（sb.）doing sth.感激（某人）做某事 appreciate it if...（it做形式宾语）如果...... , ......会不胜感激 单句语法填空 (1)I appreciate you______________(teach) me how to use the computer. (2)I'd appreciate ___________if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. (3) I appreciate___________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. 【答案】1.teaching 2.it 3.being given 三、重要句型 1．whose 引导定语从句 Last week，we took part in a programme whose theme was “How to Stimulate Children’s Interest in Study”． 上周，我们参加了一个主题为“如何激发孩子的学习兴趣”的节目。 2．in which引导非限制性定语从句 This is my first visit to the theme park, in which I meet the cartoon characters I like most. 这是我第一次参观这个主题公园，在这里我遇到了我最喜欢的卡通人物。 单句语法填空 Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered. 3．不定式作状语 He lifted a heavy stone，only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起一块大石头，结果砸了自己的脚。 【拓展】 现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，前面有时可加上thus表示强调。通常位于句末，且常用逗号和前面的句子成分隔开。 注意：现在分词(短语)和不定式作结果状语的区别：现在分词(短语)一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果，而不定式常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。 单句语法填空 (1)The boy ran even faster, reaching (reach)the school out of breath. (2)The injured soldier woke up, only to find (find)himself lying on the ground.to find (3)The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, making (make)the meal the perfect way to relax with friends. All the boats were destroyed by them, leaving (leave)us no chance to leave the island . 4．what引导名词性从句 About Mount Tai，what attracts people most is its unique scenery，such as the sunrise and the waterfall. 关于泰山，最吸引人的是它的独特风景，如日出和瀑布。 5．it作形式主语 It is a great honor to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera. 很荣幸能在这里发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。 选择性必修一Unit 2 The universal language 一、词性转换 1. compose vt. 作曲→ composer n. 作曲家 2. transform vi.& vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n．转化；转换；变形 3. surround v. 围绕着→ surrounding adj. 周围的→ surroundings n. 周围; 环境 4. adapt vt. 改编→ adaptable adj. 适应能力非常强的→ adaptation n. 改编本, 改写本; 适应 5. defend v. 保护, 防御; 辩白 → defense n. 保护 6. greet vt.问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n．问候，招呼；(pl.)祝词；贺词 7.distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n．距离；远方 8. remark n. 评论→remarkable adj. 非凡的, 奇异的, 显著的, 引人注目的→ remarkably adv. 显著地 9. gift n. 天赋, 才能→gifted adj. 有才华的, 有天赋的 10. predict v. 预测, 预言→prediction n. 预测, 预言 11. depress vt. 使抑郁, 使沮丧; 使萧条, 使不景气→ depressing adj. 令人沮丧的→ depressed adj. 感到沮丧的→ depression n. 抑郁症 12. possess vt. 具有(特质); 拥有; 支配, 控制→ possession n. 财产 13. ease 容易, 轻易; 舒适, 安逸→ easy adj. 容易的 14. ordinary adj. 平凡的→extraordinary adj. 不寻常的, 非凡的; 意想不到的, 令人惊奇的 15. desperate adj. 绝望的; 不惜冒险的; 极其需要的; 极严重的 → desperately adv. 绝望; 不惜冒险; 极其需要; 极严重 二、重要单词 1. deserve vt.值得，应得 deserve to do sth值得做某事；应该做某事 deserve to be done＝deserve doing/n.值得被……；应受…… deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意 单句语法填空 (1)It's generally recognized that what she has done for children deserves__________(respect). (2)People say that whales and elephants deserve _______________(live)a more natural life and should not be used for entertainment（娱乐）. 1.respect/respecting/to be respected 2. to live (3)I think you deserve to do (d0)what you like and help those in need. 2.guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 ·guarantee sb sth/guarantee sth to sb保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth/that...保证做某事；确保…… be guaranteed to do sth肯定会做某事；必定会做某事 ·under guarantee在保修期内 give sb a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证…… 单句语法填空 (1)I guarantee (pay) off his debts when I earn money. (2)The car is less than one year old，so it is still guarantee. (3)If we try to keep it a secret，she is (guarantee) to find it out. 1.to pay2.under 3.guaranteed 3.adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应；改编 (adapt vt.使适应；改编) adapt (...) to...(使……)适应……(to为介词) adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)使自己适应…… adapt A from B根据B改编A adapt A for B将A改编为B 单句语法填空 This new film ________ from a novel by Jane Austen became a hit and the ________ is also recognized as a classic by audience. (adapt) adapted; adaptation 4.defend vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解(defence n. 保护；保卫) ·defend...from/against...保护……不受…… defend oneself自卫 ·in defence of为……辩护；保护…… 单句语法填空 What points can be raised in_____________(defend) of this argument? defence 必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 一、词性转换 1.deadly adj.致命的,十足的,彻底的→dead adj.无生命的;呆板的→dying adj.临终的,垂死的→death .死,死亡 2. survival n.生存，存活;残存物,幸存事物→survivor n.幸存者→survive.vt.&vi.幸存;生还; 3.broad adj.广泛的,宽阔的,广阔的;概括的,开阔的→broaden vt.&vi.扩大，变宽→broadly adv.明显地,宽广地;概况地 4.intend vt&vi.想要，计划;意指→intention n.目的;意图→intentional adj.故意的:蓄意的→ intentionally adv.故意地;蓄意地→intended adj.故意的;打算中的;为…打算(或设计)的 5.refer v，谈及,提到，提及→reference n.参考→referee n.裁判 6.experiment n.实验，试验;尝试,实践vi，做试验，进行实验;尝试→experimental adj.实验的 7.trial n.试用,试验:审讯，审判:考验vi.&vt.测试，试验→try vt.&vi.尝试:试验;审判 8.limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的;无界限的→limit vt.限制→limitation n.限制;起限制作用 9. sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地→sufficiency n.足量，充足 10.wisdom n.智慧,知识，学问;才智;明智→wise adj.明智的;聪明的;博学的→wisely adv.明智地,聪明地;博学地 11.beneficial adj.有益的,有用的→beneficially adv.收益地;获利地→benefit n.益处vt.有益于 12.conduct vt.&vi.组织，实施;指挥;引导:举止→conductor n.指挥;列车长→conduction n.(热或电等能量的)传导→conductive adj.导电(或热等)的;能传导(电、热等)的 13.illustrate vt.说明,解释;加插图于→illustration n.插图;图解;图示 14.indicate vt.表明:暗示:提及;指出→indication n.指示:指出:迹象→indicator n.指标;迹象;指示器 15.accident n.意外，偶然的事;事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj.意外的;偶然的→accidentally adv.意外地:偶然地 16.intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的:有智力的→intelligence n.智力 17.politician n.政治家，从政者,投机钻营者→politics n.政治→political n.政治的 18.electricity n.电,电能→electric adj.用电的;电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的 19.involve vt.包含;牵涉，影响;(使)参加→involvement n.参与,牵连;包含→involved adj.有关的,卷入的,复杂的 20.moral adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的n.品行,道德;寓意→morality n.品行，美德;道德 →morally adv.道德上地,有道德地一[反]immoral adj.不道德的;邪恶的 21.ignorance n.无知→ignore vt.忽视:不理睬→ignorant adj.不了解的,无知的，无礼的 20.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可，使有可能，许可证→permission n.许可 21.responsibility n.责任,负责;职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的 22.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 23.nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族 24.marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚→married adj.已婚的 二、重要词汇 1.award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，给予 award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.　把某物颁发给某人 award sb. for sth.　　因某事而奖励某人 be awarded for 因……而受奖 win/receive/get an award for sth. 因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项 单句语法填空 ①The boy was awarded (award) for bringing back the lost dog. ②A medal was awarded to the best speller in the class. ③They awarded the first prize to John. ④The movie has won a number of awards(award)． 2.favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于　n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒(教材P48) do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人一把 do sb the favour to do...帮某人做.... in favour of....支持，赞成 单句语法填空 ①Can you do a favour ________ me and tell me when to get off? ②They were 247 votes in favour ________ the motion and 152 against. 答案：①for　②of ③The applicant tried to make a (favour) impression on the employer. favorable ④The mother is careful to show no favour to any child 3.involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 involve sb in sth 使某人参与/牵涉到某事 involve doing sth 需要做某事；包括..... be/get involved in.... 参加；被卷入......之中 单句语法填空 ①I am told that the test will involve ________ (answer) questions about a photograph. ②Sarah wanted to get ________ (involve) in a volunteer program to enrich her life. 答案：①answering　②involved ③All the people (involve) in the matter were taken to the large hall. involved ④He was involved(involve)in reading the novel all morning. 4.permit vt.& vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能　n. 许可证 permit sb to do... 允许某人做..... permit doing....允许做....... without permission 未经许可 单句语法填空 ①Time ________ (permit), I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship. permitting ②But no one is permitted ________ (take) books out of the building. 　③to take ③He shouldn't be taping without the singer's ________ (permit)．答案：permission 5.declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 declare that.... 表明.....，宣称....... declare sb/sth to be... 宣布某人/某事是...... declare for/against... 赞成/反对.... 单句语法填空 ①Li Fang declared ________ she had nothing to do with the matter. ②The referee declared him ____________ (be) the winner. ③Do you think he will declare ________ the plan? 答案：①that　②to be　③for/against 三、重要句型 1．现在分词短语作结果状语 She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.她完成了传统中医的进修课程，对传统中西医学有了广泛的了解。 2．be likely to do sth.可能做某事 The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。 3．by＋表示过去的时间状语 By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only limited success. 到那时，抗击疟疾的努力只取得了有限的成功。 单句语法填空 ①Mike ________ (make) some friends in his new school by now. ②By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient ________ (die). 答案：①has made　②had died ③By the end of 2025, Chine will complete (complete) the system of waste sorting. 4．强调句型It was not until...that... However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 句语法填空 ①It was not until I became involved in student government ________ I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. ②It was not ________ it got dark that I left. 答案：①that　②until 5．not...but...不是……而是…… It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom，to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed，and to ensure this freedom for all coming generations. 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任宣扬这种自由的价值，有责任教育人们不必害怕疑问，而应对此持欢迎态度并展开讨论，有责任确保我们的后代都享有这种自由。 必修三Unit 3 The world online 一、词性转换 1. obviously adv.显然,明显地→obvious adj.明显的 2. access n.机会,权利;入径,通道 vt.到达,进入,使用→accessible adj.可进入的;可接近的 3.commerce n.商务，商业，贸易→commercial adj.商业的;营利的;靠广告收入的→commercially adv.商业上;通商上 4. deliver vt.递送,传送;发表,宣布;交出→delivery n.传送,递送;交付 5. majority n．大部分，大多数；多数票→major adj.主要的 6. arrangement n.安排;布置;约定;排列→arrange vt.&vi.安排;准备 7. establish vt.建立(关系或联系);设立;确立;使得到认可;查实,确定→establishment n.建立 8. instant adj.立即的,立刻的;方便的n.瞬间,片刻;某一时刻→instantly adv.立即地,马上地 9. aware adj.知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的→awareness n.意识→unaware adj.无意识的 10. remove vt.删除;移走;开除→removable adj.可去除的→removal n.移动;去除;免职 11. belong vi.应在(某处);能适应→belonging n.稳定关系,归属感;所有物→belongings n.财产,所 有物 12. technical adj.技术的,技能的;专门技术的;专业的→technician n.技工→technique n.技巧;工艺;手法 13. entertainment n.娱乐活动;招待,娱乐→entertain vt.& vi. 招待;娱乐→entertaining adj.令人 愉快的→entertained adj.愉快的;娱乐的 14.mobile adj.可移动的,非固定的;行动方便的;流动的n.手机→mobility n.移动 15. addict n.对……人迷的人;瘾君子vt.使入迷;使上瘾→addiction n.成瘾→addicted adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的 16.scary adj.恐怖的,吓人的→scared adj.感到害怕的→scare vt.使害怕 17.journal n.日记;报纸,杂志→journalist n.记者→journalism n.新闻业 18.reveal vt.展示，显出;揭示,透露→revealing adj.揭示真相的,发人深省的一【反]hide vt.隐藏;隐瞒 19.appreciate vt.欣赏,赏识;感谢→appreciation n.欣赏;感激 二、重要词汇运用 1.access n. 机会，权利；入径，通道　vt. 到达，进入，使用 have/get /gain access to..... 可以获得(或接近/使用)..... give access to... 使接近；准许进入 be accessible to... 对于....可接近的；可靠近的 【拓展】the key/guide/solution/approach to doing 单句语法填空 ①Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access ________ education. ②Computers should be made readily ________ (access) to teachers and pupils. 答案：①to　②accessible ③The loft can be accessed(access)by ladder. 2.majority n. 大部分，大多数；多数票 a/the majority of... ....的大多数 be in a/the majority 占大多数 【注意】the/a majority of＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 The majority of the damage is easy to repair.大部分的破坏很容易修复。 The majority were/was in favour of banning smoking.多数人支持禁烟。 单句语法填空 ①So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the ________ (major) of people. ②The majority of students, accounting for 78 percent, ________ (be) in favour of this idea. ③When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major ________ comparative literature. 答案：①majority　②are　③in 3.request vt. 要求，请求　n. 要求，请求；要求的事 request sth from/of sb 向某人要求某物 request sb to do... 要求某人做..... request that sb (should) do... 要求..... make a request for sth/that.... 请求/要求.... 【注意】request后跟宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略 单句语法填空 ①She made a request for some water and then began to surf the Internet. ②You are requested ( not smoke) in the theatre. not to smoke ③The teacher requested that we go (go)over our lessons. 4.addict n. 对……入迷的人；瘾君子 addict oneself to.... 沉溺于....;醉心于.... be/become/get addicted to.... 沉迷于....；热爱..... 单句语法填空 ①Tom, ________ (addict) to the Internet, failed in the exam. ②The problem with computer games is that they are ________ (addict)． ③Many kids addict themselves to ________ (surf) the Net, and so they have lost interest in study. 答案：①addicted　②addictive　③surfing 三、重要句型结构 1．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites. 你可以使用食物派送应用程序或网站让人把食物派送给你。 单句语法填空 ①I'll have my friends find(find)me a good hotel. ②It was cold.They had the fire burning(burn)the whole night. ③The computer doesn't work and I will have it repaired(repair)today 2．倒装结构 Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots... 一家店挨着一家店地寻找那双最合适的靴子的日子一去不复返了…… 3．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 No matter where we are，we are able to keep in contact with loved ones... 无论我们在哪里，我们都能与所爱的人保持联系…… 单句语法填空 ①No matter where I go, I see people using their cell phones. ②However tired his mother is, she is always waiting for him. ③Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. ④Send it to whoever is in charge of the company. 4．“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装 Only in that way can the Internet be a place of discovery，wonder and inspiration for everyone. 只有用那种方式互联网才能成为一个为每个人带来发现、惊奇和灵感的地方。 单句语法填空 ①Only five men were hurt(hurt)in the accident this afternoon. ②Only by working hard can you achieve your goal. ③Only when he came here did he know what had happened. 5．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school. 在学校待了一整天后，她一直觉得舞蹈让人放松。 6．that引导同位语从句 Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time... 有时我感到焦虑：这台小机器占用了我太多的时间…… 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，对名词作进一步的解释，说明其具体内容。 •常见的可接同位语从句的名词有fact，news，idea，doubt，thought，feeling，promise，truth，problem等。 •从属连词：that，whether 连接代词：which，who，what 连接副词：when，where，why，how等 单句语法填空 (1)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into human body. (2)I have no idea how I can upload my photo to the website. (3)We are faced with the problem whether we should continue the work. (4)The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be put off. (5)I am sorry to hear the news that you have gone back home on sick leave. 7．独立主格结构 Head down，eyes on my smartphone，I stepped into the road and a car shot past，nearly knocking me off my feet! 我低着头，眼睛盯着智能手机，走到马路上，突然一辆车飞驰过来，差点把我撞倒。 单句语法填空 (1)The trees are extremely tall，some measuring (measure)over 90 metres. (2)The weather being (be)fine，we went out for a walk. (3)All the tickets sold (sell)when they arrived，they went away，disappointed. 必修三 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、词性转换 1.injure vt.伤害，使受伤;损害→injured adj.受伤的;受损害的→injury n.伤害;损害,受伤处 2.reaction n.反应，回应:抗拒;化学反应→react vi.反应;产生反应 3.exit vt.&.vi.出去,离去,退场;退出 n.出口,通道;离开→【反]entrance n.人口;进入 4.orderly adj.有秩序的,有条理的,整齐的→order n.&v.命令;订单;安排→orderliness n.整洁,整齐;秩序井然 5.confirm vt.证实，确认;使确信批准→confirmation n.确认;证实;证明:批准→【同] identify vt.确定:鉴定;识别 6.odd adj.奇怪的,怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的→oddly adv.古怪地;奇妙地;单数地 7.occur vi.发生，出现;存在于→occurrence n.发生，出现;事件 8.destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的.破坏(或毁灭)性的→destruction n.破坏,毁灭,摧毁→destroy vt.破坏,消灭 9.inform.了解，熟悉;通知→information n.信息;资料→informed adj.见多识广的:消息灵通的 10.power n.电,电力;权力;政权;控制力;能力:能量;力量→powerful adj.强大的;强有力的→powerfully adv.强有力地→【反]powerless adj.无力的;无权的 11.donate vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血)→donor n.捐赠者→donation n.捐赠,捐献 12.curious adj.好奇的;奇特的一curiosity n.好奇,好奇心 13.erupt vi.&v,(火山)爆发;突然发生→eruption n.爆发,喷发;火山灰 14.ashy adj.覆盖着灰的;灰色的→ash n.灰;灰烬 15.unbearable adj，难耐的,无法忍受的→【反]bearable adj，可忍受的→bear v.承受:忍受:生 (孩子) 16. rescue n.&vt.救援,营救,抢救→rescuer n.救助者 17.sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的一sharpen vt.&vi.削尖;磨快,使敏捷→sharply adv.急剧地:锐利地 18.locate v.找出……的准确位置,把……安置在(或建造于)→location n.位置;场所→located adj.位于;处于;坐落的 19.retire vi.& vt.退休,退职→retired adj.退休的→retiree n.退休人员→retirement n.退休 二、重要词汇用法 1.damage v./n 损坏，损害--damaged adj.被损坏的 do/cause damage to.... 对……造成损害 be damaged by.... 遭受到……的破坏 单句语法填空 ①John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____________(damage) seriously. ②When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage ________the nearby towns. ③Damage _____________(cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored. ①. had been damaged ②. to ③. caused 2.signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志　n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 signal to sb 向某人示意 signal to sb to do... 示意某人做..... signal that.... 发信号... 单句语法填空 ①The guard seems to be signaling to us with his arm. ②The woman signaled (signal) to the cars behind to stop immediately，but they didn’t notice her. ③Tom turned left at the traffic signals (signal). ④Standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 三、重要句型结构 1．be doing...when...正在做……，这时…… Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 地板开始摇晃时，艾丽斯·布朗，弗尔蒙特小学的班主任，正在上课。 【拓展】 (1)be about to do...when...正要做……，这时…… (2)be on the point of doing...when...正要做……，这时…… (3)had just done...when...刚做完……这时…… 单句语法填空 ①The firefighters were rescuing (rescue)the residents when it began to rain. ②The old man had just finished her homework when someone rushed in. 2．in case万一；以防 At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 同时，布朗老师迅速打开教室门，以防门在摇晃期间被破坏，打不开了。 单句语法填空 ①Can you think of a case where the word is properly used? ②In most cases (case)，we get on well with each other. ③This time,we stayed together,in case anything else unusual happened. ④Do you remember that beautiful spot we took that picture? where 3．the moment引导时间状语从句 The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 摇晃刚一停止，布朗老师就觉察到这是全班学生逃离的最佳时刻。 【注意】 ①在no sooner ... than ...；hardly/scarcely ... when ... 结构中，主句常用过去完成时had done，从句常用一般过去时。 ②若no sooner, hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前（部分倒装）。 Hardly had I got out the house when it began to rain.我刚走出房子，天就开始下雨了 4．现在分词作伴随状语 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊， 互相拥抱着。 单句语法填空 ①The dog entered the room, ___________(follow) his master这条狗跟着主人进了屋。 ②The master entered the room, ___________(follow) by his dog主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。 【答案】①following ②followed 5．as引导定语从句 As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock. 正如你能想象的，有点令人震惊。 6．完全倒装句 So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii. 然后地震来了……庞贝城的生命结束了。 9．as if好像 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙好像昨天刚刚粉刷过；富丽堂皇的地板上没有一点颜色变化。 必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、词性转换 1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害→harmful adj.有害的→【反]harmless adj.无害的 2.region n.地区,区域;行政区→regional adj.地区的;局部的 3.length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→lengthen vt.使延长:加长vi.延长,变长→ long adj.长的 4.nutrient营养素，营养物→nutritious adj.有营养的→nutrition n.营养 5.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪→disappearance n.消失;不见→【反]appear vi，出现;显得;似乎 6.agriculture n.农业,农学→agricultural adj.农业的:农艺的 7.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的;熄火的 8.global adj.全球的;全面的→globally adv.全球地;全局地→globe n.地球;地球仪;球体→ globalize vt.使全球化→globalization全球化 10. application n.应用，运用,申请→applicant n.申请者，申请人→apply vt.&vi.申请;涂,敷:应用 11.image n.形象;图像;意象→imagine vi.&v.想象;猜想→imagination n.想象想象力→imaginary adj.虚构的;假象的→imaginative adj.富于想象的:有想象力的 12.habitat n.生活环境,栖息地→habitation n.居住;住所→habitant n.居民,居住者 13.smog n.雾霾,烟雾→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的→【同]fog n.雾;烟雾,尘雾 14.profit n.利润，收益;好处vi.&vt.获益，得到好处→profitable adj.有利可图的:赚钱的;有益的 15.recycle v.回收利用，再利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的→recycled adj.回收利用的 16.poison v.污染;毒死,毒害n.毒物,毒药→poisonous adj、有毒的:恶毒的,讨厌的 17.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的→chemistry n.化学;化学过程→chemist化学家 18.consequence n.结果，后果;重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.因此;所以 二、重要词汇运用 1.mass n./v. ①adj.大批的，广泛的 mass production批量生产 mass media大众传播媒介 Their latest product is aimed at the mass market. 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。 ②n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 the masses 群众 a huge mass of data 大量资料 ③massive adj.非常大的；巨大的 【特别提醒】a mass of/masses of 大量,许多 the mass of.………中的大多数 ①在“the mass of＋名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致 ②a mass of/masses of+可数名词复数或不可数名词，当“a mass of/masses of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式以of后名词所表达的意义而定。但在there be句型中，可根据就近原则，确定谓语动词的形式。 单句语法填空 ①There (be) masses of dark clouds in the sky today. are ②The mass of people in that region (be) fond of peace. are ③I think that’s going to be a (mass) thing，at least here in New York. massive ④Masses of evidence _____________(show)that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a mass of citizens (be) ___________ in favor of this idea. shows, are 2.protest vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩　n．抗议，反对 protest against sth.　抗议某事=make a protest against... 对……提出抗议 protest that... 坚持说…… without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地 under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地 in protest against... 抗议…… in protest以示抗议 ①All local farmers protested(protest) against building the airport on their farmland then. ②Many people gathered to protest against killing animals for food ③The workers went on strike to protest (protest) against the economic policy of the government. ④Thousands of people crowded into the street, protesting (protest) against the war. 3.process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理 【归纳用】in the process of (doing) sth.　 在(做)某事的过程中 in the process 同时，在……过程中 in process 在进行中 单句语法填空 ①I’m afraid getting things changed will be a slow process. ②All the information was then ready to be processed (process) into film negatives. 三、重要句型结构 1．“介词＋which” 引导定语从句 The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is about 6,400 kilometres in length... 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米…… 单句语态填空 ①She still remembers the day on which she won the prize. ②We didn't know the reason for which he refused our help. ③Look, there comes Tom, for whom I have waited for an hour. ④I took a photo of the students , among whom was seated a teacher. 2．过去分词(短语)作定语 Of the 390,000 plant species known to man，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 在人类知道的三十九万植物物种中，超过四万种可以在亚马孙雨林中找到。 单句语法填空 (1)Join a (guide)bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C. (2)I have something important to say.Can those (seat) at the back hear me? (3)The person (question) by the police gave a detailed description. 1.guided 2.seated3.questioned 3．倒装结构 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。 单句语法填空 ①Sitting in the hall were(be)the two astronauts who were very young. ②Here comes(come)a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. ③On the wall are(be)hanging two old paintings. ④Present at the evening party on Thursday was(be)our English teacher. 6．so＋倒装句 As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 7．倒装句 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith，a local resident；Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory；and Julie Archer，chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 今晚在演播室的是詹姆斯·史密斯，一个当地居民；文森特·布朗，当地工厂的高级经理；朱莉·阿切尔，诺盖特环保委员会的领导。 单句语法填空 (1)Financial stress is well established as a/the chief reason for divorce. (2)Present at the meeting ____________ (be) some scientists from China. are (3)Among the people were (be)some students interested in agriculture hours ago. 8．even though引导让步状语从句 We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 阅读理解 Walters had always had a fascination with skiing, even though he was born in Kuwait, a place “as snow less as you can get”. He and his wife moved to a Scottish island 25 years ago and bought a run-down hotel, which they run as a self-catered (不包餐的) holiday house. Handing over the keys to guests on a Friday, Walters said, “We’re retired, and it gives me more time to do the things I want to do”. It’s why Walters thought he might enjoy teaching people to ski. He had, after all, enjoyed the bread-making classes he used to run. “I like teaching people things,” he says. Walters first skied at 11 on a school trip to Austria. “We were allowed to go up the mountain on the second day and I remember, with a friend, being so scared of skiing down that we actually walked down,” he says. Yet it didn’t put him off. Their teacher started organizing Sunday trips to Glenshee, the skiing area in the Highlands, and Walters became part of the school’s ski team. Once he had taken the week-long instructor course in the Cairngorms — followed by further training — he wasn’t sure there would be an easy route into work. Then he spotted a request on Face book from a company that teaches children to ski, for someone to replace one of their instructors who had injured herself. Three days later, Walters arrived in Switzerland. “I was thinking: ‘This is going to be awful, because I’ll be this old guy,’” he says. But he wasn’t even the oldest instructor — there was one in his early 7 as. It went so well that, by the second day, his group of 11 and 12-year-olds were skiing down easy runs. He now regularly works with the company, teaching groups of children during their school holidays. Walters spends most of his time dealing with beginners skiing fairly slowly. He isn’t trying to teach them to go as fast as possible — he’s trying to teach them how to ski with control, reduce speed, and get down the mountain without killing themselves.” He has just taken a further qualification as a ski instructor, reaching a level that enabled him to teach almost anywhere. 4. What made it possible for Walters to teach people to ski? A. The self - catered holiday hotel. B. The sufficient time after retirement. C. His childhood skiing experience in Kuwait. D. The profits made from running a holiday house. 5. What does the underlined phrase “put him off” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Delay him. B. Make him lose interest. C. Cause him harm. D. Appeal to him. 6. What was Walters concerned about when he applied for his ski instructor’s job? A. He was too old for the job. B. He would work for a short time. C. He lacked necessary trainings. D. He was less experienced. 7. What can we learn about Walters from the last paragraph? A. He is a lazy ski instructor. B. He will apply for a better job. C. He is patient with beginners. D. He works as a full-time ski instructor. 【答案】4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 完形填空 Last summer, with my neck tight from too much time at the computer, I knew I needed to take off into the woods. My husband wasn’t 91 , but I really wanted to see the Perseids meteor shower (英仙座流星雨). I decided to go 92 on my own, which I’d never done before. After throwing a sleeping bag and a few things to eat into the car, I was on my way. I was a little 93 about being alone at first but put that feeling aside for the time being as I drove to my destination. The moment I 94 the campsite, I asked the young attendant if she thought I’d be all right camping alone. “Sure!” she said. However, before I could move on, I heard thunder. Not a great start to my 95 . Soon, it was pouring. Once the rain stopped, I found a spot for the tent. Putting it up 96 an easy process. A good beginning! This wouldn’t be so bad, I thought. After supper, I got the fire started easily. Looking up, I couldn’t see much of the sky through the trees. Once I zipped (拉上拉链) myself into the tent, I realized how much 97 there was. I loved that I could spread out and throw my clothes all over with no one to 98 about the mess. Solo camping certainly has its 99 . Falling asleep quickly, I was 100 a few hours later by some noise. It sounded too large and loud to be a squirrel (松鼠) or a chipmunk (花栗鼠). 101 , after a few minutes, its stopped. But I was so scared that I failed to 102 myself the rest of the night. The next morning, my neighbors talked about how a bear had visited in the night and knocked over some of their chairs and a small table. Fortunately, the bear hadn’t done any more 103 than that. 104 I was disappointed at not seeing the shooting stars, I really enjoyed myself. And now I’m a lot more 105 about camping by myself. Bear or no bear. 91．A．suitable B．available C．accessible D．capable 92．A．camping B．shopping C．jogging D．travelling 93．A．relieved B．nervous C．desperate D．enthusiastic 94．A．located B．searched C．reached D．detected 95．A．adventure B．appointment C．experiment D．schedule 96．A．turned out B．knocked off C．left out D．resulted from 97．A．time B．work C．room D．silence 98．A．argue B．bother C．worry D．complain 99．A．weaknesses B．benefits C．impacts D．consequences 100．A．attracted B．impressed C．awakened D．greeted 101．A．Thankfully B．Unfortunately C．Constantly D．Apparently 102．A．enjoy B．occupy C．compose D．defend 103．A．damage B．credit C．favour D．good 104．A．Since B．When C．While D．Unless 105．A．anxious B．confident C．curious D．depressed 91．B 92．A 93．B 94．C 95．A 96．A 97．C 98．D 99．B 100．C 101．A 102．C 103．A 104．C 105．B 综合填空一 Born in Salzburg, Austria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is believed to have been the most naturally 1 ( gift ) musician that ever lived. He composed over 600 works, many 2 ( recognize ) as pinnacles (顶峰) of piano, symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral music. He is always among the most popular classical 3 ( compose ). Mozart showed extraordinary ability from his earliest childhood. Already skilled in keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five. His father, also a musician, took young Mozart to perform before European royalty, 4 ( make ) full use of his son’s talent. At 17 he 5 ( employ ) as a court musician in Salzburg, but he grew discontent and traveled in search of a 6 ( good ) position. While 7 ( visit ) Vienna in 1781, he was fired from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame 8 little money. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, 9 were largely unfinished at the time of Mozart’s death. Mozart developed a brilliant style that included the light and graceful along with the dark and passionate. Beethoven wrote his own early compositions in the shadow of Mozart, of whose influence on Western art music, Joseph Haydn wrote that “ such 10 talent won’t be seen again in 100 years. ” 1．gifted 2．recognized 3．composers 4．making 5．was employed 6．better 7．visiting 8．but 9．which 10．a 综合填空二 The Jiqing night street is located in the central part of an old city area in Hankou. Local people simply say that if you come to Jiqing, you will know 51 Wuhan is, and that anyone who doesn’t go there is the same as one who has never been to the city. In the evening, hundreds of sidewalk snack boothes come out on the street and provide popular flavored food 52 cheap prices. Fresh steamed lobsters and crabs, spicy shrimp balls, tasty beef soups and Chinese dumplings, all these will feed you well. Native people like to order several of the best-known dishes and a few 53 (bottle) of beer and spend their evening with friends here. For travelers, another 54 (excite) thing is the lively folk music 55 (perform) by folk musicians at their table. The musicians often carry their instruments and a piece of board on which the tune names 56 ( write). You can choose one of 57 ( they) ( all are popular classical Chinese music) at 10 or 15 RMB and then enjoy the delicious food when 58 (listen) to a graceful (优美的) tune. It is a lively place 59 locals spend their leisure time, and has become 60 important part of everyday life for local people. 51．what 52．at 53．bottles 54．exciting 55．performed 56．are written 57．them 58．listening 59．where 60．an 七选五练习 Setting a new personal max is a great way to chart your progress toward your fitness goals. 6 One useful step is to improve VO: max(最大摄氧量), which is a measure of w much oxygen your body can take in and use during exercise. The more oxygen your body can put to use while you work out, the better your performance will be, whether you’re running a long-distance race or playing a sport like tennis or soccer. 7 The first is to build up your aerobic(有氧)base,which is achieved by doing a lot of lower-intensity(低强度)aerobic work. In running,that would mean a lot of long, slow miles, with the goal of building up your distance over time.Doing this increases your overall aerobic capacity(容量)which in turn will help your body be much better at taking in and using oxygen. Exercise physiologist and Ironman coach Alan Couzens is rich in his experience working with athletes. 8 In it he claims that the largest gains in VO2max tend to come when their training plan includes a lot of lower-intensity aerobic work. In addition to these long,slow miles, you’ll want to add to some more traditional“VO2 max”workouts, which feature short bursts of high-intensity work at 90-95% of your maximum heart rate. 9 However,although it can be attractive (and feel good) to push yourself every time you exercise，high-intensity intervals(间歇)should only contain a small percentage of your overall workout routine. 10 As Jason Fitzgerald wrote for Outside Magazine, you should avoid long-time work at a VO2 max level, as it is tough on the body.Instead,he advises,“Save most of these intense, specific workouts for the final step of training when you’re sharpening for a race.” A．So what’s the easiest way to do that? B．What is the VO max that is accepted during exercise? C．He has had a well-known post in a blog for SimpliFaster. D．These short, intense bursts will help further push your body’s abilities. E．There are two general strategies that are helpful for improving your VO2Max. F．If your performance improves, that’s a sign that your VO max has improved too. G．If you are preparing for a race,for example, you want to avoid overdoing them too soon. 6．A 7．E 8．C 9．D 10．G 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高一下学期期末复习+阅读组合训练 【学习目标】 1、重点复习必修三U1-4&选择性必修一U1-2重点词汇、短语和句型； 2、阅读组合训练，提升阅读理解力。 【学习过程】 选择性必修一 Unit 1 Food matters 一、词性转转 1. mood n. 情绪, 心情; 气氛, 氛围→ adj. 情绪多变的; 伤感的 2. combine vi. & vt. 结合, 联合→ n. 结合体, 联合体; 联合, 混合 3. greed n. 贪婪, 贪心→ adj. 贪婪的, 贪心的→ adv. 贪婪地, 贪心地 4. gentle adj. 轻柔的, 温和的→ adv. 轻柔地, 温和地 5. associate vt. &vi. 联想, 联系; 交往→ n. 联想, 联系; 协会, 社团; 联合, 交往 6. vary vi. (根据情况)变化, 变更; 相异, 不同vt. 变更, 改变→ adj. 各种各样的, 不同的 → n. 不同种类, 变体, 多样化 7. emotion n. 情感, 强烈的感情, 激情, 情绪→ adj. 感情的, 情绪的; 有感染力的→ adv. 感情上, 情绪上; 冲动地 8. salt n. 盐→ adj. 咸的, 含盐的 9. relieve vt. 解除, 减轻; 缓和, 缓解→ n. 宽慰, 解脱; 减轻; 缓和→ adj. 感到宽慰的, 放心的 10. secure adj. 安全的, 可靠的→ n. 安全; 保护措施; 保安部门; 担保, 保证 11．generate vt.产生，引起→generation n．一代；产生；一代人；生殖 12．impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n．印象；效果→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 13. low adj. 低的; 近底部的; 低声的→ vt. 降低, 减少; 把……放低, 使……降下 adj. 下面的; 在底部的; 低洼的 14. fog n. 雾→foggy adj. 有雾的, 雾茫茫的 15. expand vt. & vi. 增加, 扩大; 扩展, 发展(业务); 详谈, 详述→ n. 扩张; 扩展; 膨胀 16. consume vt. 吃, 喝, 饮; 消耗, 耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→ n. 消费, 消耗 → n. 消费者 17. innovate vt. 创新, 改革→ n. 创造, 创新; 新思想, 新方法→ adj. 创新的, 革新的 18. emphasis n. 强调, 重视; 重读→ vt. 着重, 强调 19. wrapper n．(食品等的)包装材料，包装纸→wrap vt.包；缠绕 20. mix vt. &vi. (使)混合; 调配; 交往→ 混合物; 混合, 结合 21.depend v.依赖→ n.依赖，依靠 →dependent adj.依赖的，依靠的 → adj.独立的，自主的 二、要点词汇讲解 1.combination n. 结合体，联合体；联合，混合(combine v. 使结合；联合；混合) ·in combination with与……联合 ·combine...and/with...把……与……结合 combine to do sth联合起来做某事 单句语法填空 (1)His treatment was a (combine) of surgery，radiation and drugs. (2)Technological innovations， (combine) with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products. 2.association n. 联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往(associate vt.& vi.联想；联系；交往 associated adj.有关的；相关的) ·in association with与……联合；与……交往 ·associate...with...把……与……联系起来 associate with...与……交往 ·be associated with与……相关 单句语法填空 (1)The young man became famous through his (associate) with the group of poets. (2)They will hold a meeting to discuss something (associate) with music. 3.vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变(various adj.不同的；各种各样的 variety n. 多样性；变化；种类) ·vary from...to...从……到……变化 vary in...在……方面变化 vary with...随……变化 ·a variety of＝varieties of多种多样的 单句语法填空 (1)The girl tried many kinds of jobs，varying from a teacher a cook. (2)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the (vary) food choices on the menu. (3)As we all know，Chinese food is famous for its wide (vary) throughout the world. 4. link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 ·link...to/with...把……和……连接起来/联系起来 be linked to...被连接到…… ·a link between...and...……和……之间的联系 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything that happened during the day, trying to link new experiences_______________old memories. (2)Health problems are closely connected__________________bad eating habits and a lack of exercise. (3)Wealth is seldom related__________________happiness. (4)The island is joined________________the mainland by a bridge. 5.relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解(relief n. 宽慰；轻松；解脱) ·relieve sb of sth帮某人拿重物；帮某人减轻负担；解除某人的职务 ·in/with relief如释重负；松了口气 to one’s relief让某人感到宽慰的是 单句语法填空 (1)When the woman saw that her son was OK after the car accident,she said________relief,“Well,dear,you are the most important for me,not the expensive car." (2)In 1961 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to_________(relief) worldwide starvation. 6. impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到(impression n. 印象；影响；印记；感想 impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的) ·impress sth on/upon sb＝impress sb with sth使某人牢记某事 be impressed by/with...对……印象深刻 ·leave/make a(n). ..impression on/upon sb给某人留下一个……的印象 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)After hearing Steve’s playing，Naomi deeply (impress) by his music. (2)My first (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man 7.appropriate adj.合适的(appropriately adv.适当地) be appropriate to/for适合…… It is (not) appropriate for sb to do sth.某人(不)适合做某事。 It is appropriate that...……是合适的。(从句中要使用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略) 单句语法填空 (1)How can the pain be relieved by using that method? Could you expand that point，please? (2)After years of struggle，his company has expanded a big one，with branches all over the country. 8.estimate vt.估计，估价 n．估计；估计的成本 be estimated to be/have...估计是/有…… It is estimated that...据估计…… 单句语法填空 (1)The tree is estimated (be) at least 700 years old. (2)It is estimated 80% of all conversation in English is small talk. 9.appreciate vt．欣赏，赏识，重视；理解，意识到；感激，感谢，欢迎(可用deeply，highly，greatly等副词修饰) appreciate（sb.）doing sth.感激（某人）做某事 appreciate it if...（it做形式宾语）如果...... , ......会不胜感激 单句语法填空 (1)I appreciate you______________(teach) me how to use the computer. (2)I'd appreciate ___________if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. (3) I appreciate___________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. 三、重要句型 1．whose 引导定语从句 Last week，we took part in a programme whose theme was “How to Stimulate Children’s Interest in Study”． 上周，我们参加了一个主题为“如何激发孩子的学习兴趣”的节目。 2．in which引导非限制性定语从句 This is my first visit to the theme park, in which I meet the cartoon characters I like most. 这是我第一次参观这个主题公园，在这里我遇到了我最喜欢的卡通人物。 单句语法填空 Care of the soul is a gradual process which even the small details of life should be considered. 3．不定式作状语 He lifted a heavy stone，only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起一块大石头，结果砸了自己的脚。 【拓展】 现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，前面有时可加上thus表示强调。通常位于句末，且常用逗号和前面的句子成分隔开。 注意：现在分词(短语)和不定式作结果状语的区别：现在分词(短语)一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果，而不定式常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。 单句语法填空 (1)The boy ran even faster, (reach)the school out of breath. (2)The injured soldier woke up, only (find)himself lying on the ground. (3)The hot flavour quickened our laughter and conversation, (make)the meal the perfect way to relax with friends. All the boats were destroyed by them, (leave)us no chance to leave the island . 4．what引导名词性从句 About Mount Tai，what attracts people most is its unique scenery，such as the sunrise and the waterfall. 关于泰山，最吸引人的是它的独特风景，如日出和瀑布。 5．it作形式主语 It is a great honor to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera. 很荣幸能在这里发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。 选择性必修一Unit 2 The universal language 一、词性转换 1. compose vt. 作曲→ n. 作曲家 2. transform vi.& vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n．转化；转换；变形 3. surround v. 围绕着→ adj. 周围的→ n. 周围; 环境 4. adapt vt. 改编→ adj. 适应能力非常强的→ n. 改编本, 改写本; 适应 5. defend v. 保护, 防御; 辩白 → n. 保护 6. greet vt.问候，欢迎，招呼→ n．问候，招呼；(pl.)祝词；贺词 7.distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→ n．距离；远方 8. remark n. 评论→remarkable adj. 非凡的, 奇异的, 显著的, 引人注目的→ remarkably adv. 显著地 9. gift n. 天赋, 才能→ adj. 有才华的, 有天赋的 10. predict v. 预测, 预言→ n. 预测, 预言 11. depress vt. 使抑郁, 使沮丧; 使萧条, 使不景气→ adj. 令人沮丧的→ adj. 感到沮丧的→ n. 抑郁症 12. possess vt. 具有(特质); 拥有; 支配, 控制→ n. 财产 13. ease 容易, 轻易; 舒适, 安逸→ easy adj. 容易的 14. ordinary adj. 平凡的→extraordinary adj. 不寻常的, 非凡的; 意想不到的, 令人惊奇的 15. desperate adj. 绝望的; 不惜冒险的; 极其需要的; 极严重的 → desperately adv. 绝望; 不惜冒险; 极其需要; 极严重 二、重要单词 1. deserve vt.值得，应得 deserve to do sth值得做某事；应该做某事 deserve to be done＝deserve doing/n.值得被……；应受…… deserve consideration/attention值得考虑/注意 单句语法填空 (1)It's generally recognized that what she has done for children deserves__________(respect). (2)People say that whales and elephants deserve _______________(live)a more natural life and should not be used for entertainment（娱乐）. (3)I think you deserve (d0)what you like and help those in need. 2.guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n. 保证，担保；保修单 ·guarantee sb sth/guarantee sth to sb保证某人某事 guarantee to do sth/that...保证做某事；确保…… be guaranteed to do sth肯定会做某事；必定会做某事 ·under guarantee在保修期内 give sb a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证…… 单句语法填空 (1)I guarantee (pay) off his debts when I earn money. (2)The car is less than one year old，so it is still guarantee. (3)If we try to keep it a secret，she is (guarantee) to find it out. 3.adaptation n. 改编本，改写本；适应；改编 (adapt vt.使适应；改编) adapt (...) to...(使……)适应……(to为介词) adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)使自己适应…… adapt A from B根据B改编A adapt A for B将A改编为B 单句语法填空 This new film ________ from a novel by Jane Austen became a hit and the ________ is also recognized as a classic by audience. (adapt) 4.defend vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解(defence n. 保护；保卫) ·defend...from/against...保护……不受…… defend oneself自卫 ·in defence of为……辩护；保护…… 单句语法填空 What points can be raised in_____________(defend) of this argument? 必修三Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 一、词性转换 1. adj.致命的,十足的,彻底的→dead adj.无生命的;呆板的→dying adj.临终的,垂死的→ .死,死亡 2. n.生存，存活;残存物,幸存事物→ n.幸存者→survive.vt.&vi.幸存;生还; 3.broad adj.广泛的,宽阔的,广阔的;概括的,开阔的→ vt.&vi.扩大，变宽→broadly adv.明显地,宽广地;概况地 4.intend vt&vi.想要，计划;意指→ n.目的;意图→ adj.故意的:蓄意的→ intentionally adv.故意地;蓄意地→ adj.故意的;打算中的;为…打算(或设计)的 5.refer v，谈及,提到，提及→ n.参考→referee n.裁判 6.experiment n.实验，试验;尝试,实践vi，做试验，进行实验;尝试→experimental adj.实验的 7.trial n.试用,试验:审讯，审判:考验vi.&vt.测试，试验→try vt.&vi.尝试:试验;审判 8. adj.有限的→ adj.无限的;无界限的→limit vt.限制→limitation n.限制;起限制作用 9. sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地→ n.足量，充足 10. n.智慧,知识，学问;才智;明智→wise adj.明智的;聪明的;博学的→ adv.明智地,聪明地;博学地 11. adj.有益的,有用的→ adv.收益地;获利地→benefit n.益处vt.有益于 12.conduct vt.&vi.组织，实施;指挥;引导:举止→ n.指挥;列车长→conduction n.(热或电等能量的)传导→conductive adj.导电(或热等)的;能传导(电、热等)的 13.illustrate vt.说明,解释;加插图于→ n.插图;图解;图示 14.indicate vt.表明:暗示:提及;指出→ n.指示:指出:迹象→indicator n.指标;迹象;指示器 15.accident n.意外，偶然的事;事故，意外遭遇→ adj.意外的;偶然的→ adv.意外地:偶然地 16.intelligent adj.有才智的,聪明的:有智力的→intelligence n.智力 17.politician n.政治家，从政者,投机钻营者→politics n.政治→ adj.政治的 18.electricity n.电,电能→electric adj.用电的;电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的 19.involve vt.包含;牵涉，影响;(使)参加→involvement n.参与,牵连;包含→ adj.有关的,卷入的,复杂的 20.moral adj.道德的;道义上的;品行端正的n.品行,道德;寓意→morality n.品行，美德;道德 →morally adv.道德上地,有道德地一[反] adj.不道德的;邪恶的 21. n.无知→ignore vt.忽视:不理睬→ adj.不了解的,无知的，无礼的 20.permit vt.&vi.允许，准许，许可，使有可能，许可证→ n.许可 21.responsibility n.责任,负责;职责，义务→responsible adj.负责任的 22.favour vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→ adj.赞成的；讨人喜欢的 23.nationality n．国籍；民族→national adj.国家的；民族的→nation n．国家；民族 24.marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态→marry v．结婚→ adj.已婚的 二、重要词汇 1.award n．奖，奖品，奖金 vt.授予，给予 award sth.to sb.＝award sb.sth.　把某物颁发给某人 award sb. for sth.　　因某事而奖励某人 be awarded for 因……而受奖 win/receive/get an award for sth. 因某事赢得/得到/获得奖项 单句语法填空 ①The boy (award) for bringing back the lost dog. ②A medal was awarded the best speller in the class. ③They awarded the first prize John. ④The movie has won a number of (award)． 2.favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于　n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒(教材P48) do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 帮某人一把 do sb the favour to do...帮某人做.... in favour of....支持，赞成 单句语法填空 ①Can you do a favour ________ me and tell me when to get off? ②They were 247 votes in favour ________ the motion and 152 against. ③The applicant tried to make a (favour) impression on the employer. ④The mother is careful to show no favour any child 3.involve vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 involve sb in sth 使某人参与/牵涉到某事 involve doing sth 需要做某事；包括..... be/get involved in.... 参加；被卷入......之中 单句语法填空 ①I am told that the test will involve ________ (answer) questions about a photograph. ②Sarah wanted to get ________ (involve) in a volunteer program to enrich her life. ③All the people (involve) in the matter were taken to the large hall. ④He (involve)in reading the novel all morning. 4.permit vt.& vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能　n. 许可证 permit sb to do... 允许某人做..... permit doing....允许做....... without permission 未经许可 单句语法填空 ①Time ________ (permit), I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship. ②But no one is permitted ________ (take) books out of the building. 　 ③He shouldn't be taping without the singer's ________ (permit). 5.declare vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 declare that.... 表明.....，宣称....... declare sb/sth to be... 宣布某人/某事是...... declare for/against... 赞成/反对.... 单句语法填空 ①Li Fang declared ________ she had nothing to do with the matter. ②The referee declared him ____________ (be) the winner. ③Do you think he will declare ________ the plan? 三、重要句型 1．现在分词短语作结果状语 She completed further training courses in traditional Chinese medicine, acquiring a broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.她完成了传统中医的进修课程，对传统中西医学有了广泛的了解。 2．be likely to do sth.可能做某事 The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 因为他们没有充足的安全性数据，在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。 3．by＋表示过去的时间状语 By then, the fight against malaria had achieved only limited success. 到那时，抗击疟疾的努力只取得了有限的成功。 单句语法填空 ①Mike ________ (make) some friends in his new school by now. ②By the time the doctor arrived at the spot, the patient ________ (die). ③By the end of 2025, Chine (complete) the system of waste sorting. 4．强调句型It was not until...that... However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments. 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次实验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 句语法填空 ①It was not until I became involved in student government ________ I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. ②It was not ________ it got dark that I left. 5．not...but...不是……而是…… It is our responsibility as scientists，knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought，to declare the value of this freedom，to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed，and to ensure this freedom for all coming generations. 作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任宣扬这种自由的价值，有责任教育人们不必害怕疑问，而应对此持欢迎态度并展开讨论，有责任确保我们的后代都享有这种自由。 必修三Unit 3 The world online 一、词性转换 1. obviously adv.显然,明显地→obvious adj.明显的 2. access n.机会,权利;入径,通道 vt.到达,进入,使用→ adj.可进入的;可接近的 3.commerce n.商务，商业，贸易→ adj.商业的;营利的;靠广告收入的→commercially adv.商业上;通商上 4. deliver vt.递送,传送;发表,宣布;交出→ n.传送,递送;交付 5. majority n．大部分，大多数；多数票→major adj.主要的 6. n.安排;布置;约定;排列→arrange vt.&vi.安排;准备 7. establish vt.建立(关系或联系);设立;确立;使得到认可;查实,确定→ n.建立 8. instant adj.立即的,立刻的;方便的n.瞬间,片刻;某一时刻→ adv.立即地,马上地 9. aware adj.知道,意识到;察觉到,发觉;有……意识的→ n.意识→ adj.无意识的 10. remove vt.删除;移走;开除→removable adj.可去除的→ n.移动;去除;免职 11. belong vi.应在(某处);能适应→ n.稳定关系,归属感;所有物→ n.财产,所 有物 12. technical adj.技术的,技能的;专门技术的;专业的→technician n.技工→technique n.技巧;工艺;手法 13. n.娱乐活动;招待,娱乐→entertain vt.& vi. 招待;娱乐→entertaining adj.令人 愉快的→entertained adj.愉快的;娱乐的 14.mobile adj.可移动的,非固定的;行动方便的;流动的n.手机→mobility n.移动 15. addict n.对……人迷的人;瘾君子vt.使入迷;使上瘾→ n.成瘾→ adj.入了迷的;上了瘾的 16.scary adj.恐怖的,吓人的→scared adj.感到害怕的→scare vt.使害怕 17.journal n.日记;报纸,杂志→journalist n.记者→journalism n.新闻业 18. vt.展示，显出;揭示,透露→revealing adj.揭示真相的,发人深省的 19.appreciate vt.欣赏,赏识;感谢→appreciation n.欣赏;感激 二、重要词汇运用 1.access n. 机会，权利；入径，通道　vt. 到达，进入，使用 have/get /gain access to..... 可以获得(或接近/使用)..... give access to... 使接近；准许进入 be accessible to... 对于....可接近的；可靠近的 【拓展】the key/guide/solution/approach to doing 单句语法填空 ①Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access ________ education. ②Computers should be made readily ________ (access) to teachers and pupils. ③The loft can (access)by ladder. 2.majority n. 大部分，大多数；多数票 a/the majority of... ....的大多数 be in a/the majority 占大多数 【注意】the/a majority of＋名词，表示“大多数”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词保持一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 The majority of the damage is easy to repair.大部分的破坏很容易修复。 The majority were/was in favour of banning smoking.多数人支持禁烟。 单句语法填空 ①So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the ________ (major) of people. ②The majority of students, accounting for 78 percent, ________ (be) in favour of this idea. ③When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major ________ comparative literature. 3.request vt. 要求，请求　n. 要求，请求；要求的事 request sth from/of sb 向某人要求某物 request sb to do... 要求某人做..... request that sb (should) do... 要求..... make a request for sth/that.... 请求/要求.... 【注意】request后跟宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略 单句语法填空 ①She made a request some water and then began to surf the Internet. ②You are requested ( not smoke) in the theatre. ③The teacher requested that we (go)over our lessons. 4.addict n. 对……入迷的人；瘾君子 addict oneself to.... 沉溺于....;醉心于.... be/become/get addicted to.... 沉迷于....；热爱..... 单句语法填空 ①Tom, ________ (addict) to the Internet, failed in the exam. ②The problem with computer games is that they are ________ (addict)． ③Many kids addict themselves to ________ (surf) the Net, and so they have lost interest in study. 三、重要句型结构 1．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语 You can have food delivered to you using food delivery apps and sites. 你可以使用食物派送应用程序或网站让人把食物派送给你。 单句语法填空 ①I'll have my friends (find)me a good hotel. ②It was cold.They had the fire (burn)the whole night. ③The computer doesn't work and I will have it d(repair)today 2．倒装结构 Gone are the days of searching shop after shop for the perfect pair of boots... 一家店挨着一家店地寻找那双最合适的靴子的日子一去不复返了…… 3．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句 No matter where we are，we are able to keep in contact with loved ones... 无论我们在哪里，我们都能与所爱的人保持联系…… 单句语法填空 ①No matter I go, I see people using their cell phones. ② tired his mother is, she is always waiting for him. ③Your support is important to our work. you can do helps. ④Send it to is in charge of the company. 4．“only＋状语”位于句首引起倒装 Only in that way can the Internet be a place of discovery，wonder and inspiration for everyone. 只有用那种方式互联网才能成为一个为每个人带来发现、惊奇和灵感的地方。 单句语法填空 ①Only five men (hurt)in the accident this afternoon. ②Only working hard can you achieve your goal. ③Only when he came here he know what had happened. 5．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语 She always found dance relaxing after a long day at school. 在学校待了一整天后，她一直觉得舞蹈让人放松。 6．that引导同位语从句 Sometimes I had the uncomfortable feeling that this little machine had taken up too much of my time... 有时我感到焦虑：这台小机器占用了我太多的时间…… 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，对名词作进一步的解释，说明其具体内容。 •常见的可接同位语从句的名词有fact，news，idea，doubt，thought，feeling，promise，truth，problem等。 •从属连词：that，whether 连接代词：which，who，what 连接副词：when，where，why，how等 单句语法填空 (1)Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into human body. (2)I have no idea I can upload my photo to the website. (3)We are faced with the problem we should continue the work. (4)The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be put off. (5)I am sorry to hear the news you have gone back home on sick leave. 7．独立主格结构 Head down，eyes on my smartphone，I stepped into the road and a car shot past，nearly knocking me off my feet! 我低着头，眼睛盯着智能手机，走到马路上，突然一辆车飞驰过来，差点把我撞倒。 单句语法填空 (1)The trees are extremely tall, some (measure)over 90 metres. (2)The weather (be)fine，we went out for a walk. (3)All the tickets (sell)when they arrived，they went away，disappointed. 必修三 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、词性转换 1.injure vt.伤害，使受伤;损害→injured adj.受伤的;受损害的→ n.伤害;损害,受伤处 2.reaction n.反应，回应:抗拒;化学反应→react vi.反应;产生反应 3.exit vt.&.vi.出去,离去,退场;退出 n.出口,通道;离开→【反] n.人口;进入 4.orderly adj.有秩序的,有条理的,整齐的→order n.&v.命令;订单;安排→ n.整洁,整齐;秩序井然 5.confirm vt.证实，确认;使确信批准→confirmation n.确认;证实;证明:批准 6.odd adj.奇怪的,怪异的;偶尔的;不成对的→oddly adv.古怪地;奇妙地;单数地 7.occur vi.发生，出现;存在于→ n.发生，出现;事件 8. adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的.破坏(或毁灭)性的→ n.破坏,毁灭,摧毁→destroy vt.破坏,消灭 9.inform.了解，熟悉;通知→ n.信息;资料→informed adj.见多识广的:消息灵通的 10.power n.电,电力;权力;政权;控制力;能力:能量;力量→powerful adj.强大的;强有力的→powerfully adv.强有力地→【反] adj.无力的;无权的 11.donate vt.捐赠,赠送;献(血)→donor n.捐赠者→ n.捐赠,捐献 12.curious adj.好奇的;奇特的一 n.好奇,好奇心 13.erupt vi.&v,(火山)爆发;突然发生→ n.爆发,喷发;火山灰 14.ashy adj.覆盖着灰的;灰色的→ash n.灰;灰烬 15.unbearable adj，难耐的,无法忍受的→【反] adj，可忍受的→bear v.承受:忍受:生 (孩子) 16. rescue n.&vt.救援,营救,抢救→ n.救助者 17.sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的一 vt.&vi.削尖;磨快,使敏捷→sharply adv.急剧地:锐利地 18.locate v.找出……的准确位置,把……安置在(或建造于)→ n.位置;场所→located adj.位于;处于;坐落的 19.retire vi.& vt.退休,退职→retired adj.退休的→retiree n.退休人员→retirement n.退休 二、重要词汇用法 1.damage v./n 损坏，损害--damaged adj.被损坏的 do/cause damage to.... 对……造成损害 be damaged by.... 遭受到……的破坏 单句语法填空 ①John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____________(damage) seriously. ②When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage ________the nearby towns. ③Damage _____________(cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored. 2.signal vi.& vt. 发信号，示意；标志　n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 signal to sb 向某人示意 signal to sb to do... 示意某人做..... signal that.... 发信号... 三、重要句型结构 1．be doing...when...正在做……，这时…… Alice Brown，head teacher at Falmont Primary School，was teaching when the floor began to shake. 地板开始摇晃时，艾丽斯·布朗，弗尔蒙特小学的班主任，正在上课。 【拓展】 (1)be about to do...when...正要做……，这时…… (2)be on the point of doing...when...正要做……，这时…… (3)had just done...when...刚做完……这时…… 单句语法填空 ①The firefighters (rescue)the residents when it began to rain. ②The old man had just finished her homework someone rushed in. 2．in case万一；以防 At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 同时，布朗老师迅速打开教室门，以防门在摇晃期间被破坏，打不开了。 单句语法填空 ①Can you think of a case the word is properly used? ②This time,we stayed together, case anything else unusual happened. ③Do you remember that beautiful spot we took that picture? 3．the moment引导时间状语从句 The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 摇晃刚一停止，布朗老师就觉察到这是全班学生逃离的最佳时刻。 【注意】 ①在no sooner ... than ...；hardly/scarcely ... when ... 结构中，主句常用过去完成时had done，从句常用一般过去时。 ②若no sooner, hardly/scarcely位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词、情态动词提到主语之前（部分倒装）。 Hardly had I got out the house when it began to rain.我刚走出房子，天就开始下雨了 4．现在分词作伴随状语 After a roll call confirmed that all were safe and sound，they relaxed，laughing，crying and hugging each other. 点名确认所有人都安然无恙后，他们才放松下来，笑啊，哭啊， 互相拥抱着。 单句语法填空 ①The dog entered the room, ___________(follow) his master这条狗跟着主人进了屋。 ②The master entered the room, ___________(follow) by his dog主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗。 5．as引导定语从句 As you can imagine，it was a bit of a shock. 正如你能想象的，有点令人震惊。 6．完全倒装句 So came the earthquake...and so ended life in Pompeii. 然后地震来了……庞贝城的生命结束了。 7．as if好像 Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday；not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. 它的墙好像昨天刚刚粉刷过；富丽堂皇的地板上没有一点颜色变化。 必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、词性转换 1.harm n.& vt.伤害,损害→harmful adj.有害的→【反] adj.无害的 2.region n.地区,区域;行政区→ adj.地区的;局部的 3.length n.长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,(电影)片长→ vt.使延长:加长vi.延长,变长→ long adj.长的 4.nutrient营养素，营养物→nutritious adj.有营养的→nutrition n.营养 5.disappear vi.不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪→ n.消失;不见→【反]appear vi，出现;显得;似乎 6.agriculture n.农业,农学→agricultural adj.农业的:农艺的 7.extinction n.灭绝,绝种→ adj.灭绝的，绝种的;熄火的 8.global adj.全球的;全面的→globally adv.全球地;全局地→globe n.地球;地球仪;球体→ globalize vt.使全球化→globalization全球化 10. n.应用，运用,申请→applicant n.申请者，申请人→apply vt.&vi.申请;涂,敷:应用 11. n.形象;图像;意象→imagine vi.&v.想象;猜想→imagination n.想象想象力→imaginary adj.虚构的;假象的→imaginative adj.富于想象的:有想象力的 12.habitat n.生活环境,栖息地→habitation n.居住;住所→habitant n.居民,居住者 13.smog n.雾霾,烟雾→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的→【同]fog n.雾;烟雾,尘雾 14. n.利润，收益;好处vi.&vt.获益，得到好处→profitable adj.有利可图的:赚钱的;有益的 15.recycle v.回收利用，再利用→recyclable adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的→recycled adj.回收利用的 16.poison v.污染;毒死,毒害n.毒物,毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的:恶毒的,讨厌的 17.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的;化学作用的→chemistry n.化学;化学过程→chemist化学家 18. n.结果，后果;重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.因此;所以 二、重要词汇运用 1.mass n./v. ①adj.大批的，广泛的 mass production批量生产 mass media大众传播媒介 Their latest product is aimed at the mass market. 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。 ②n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 the masses 群众 a huge mass of data 大量资料 ③massive adj.非常大的；巨大的 【特别提醒】a mass of/masses of 大量,许多 the mass of.………中的大多数 ①在“the mass of＋名词”作主语的句子中，后面的谓语动词与of后面的名词保持数的一致 ②a mass of/masses of+可数名词复数或不可数名词，当“a mass of/masses of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词的形式以of后名词所表达的意义而定。但在there be句型中，可根据就近原则，确定谓语动词的形式。 单句语法填空 ①There (be) masses of dark clouds in the sky today. ②The mass of people in that region (be) fond of peace. ③I think that’s going to be a (mass) thing，at least here in New York. ④Masses of evidence _____________(show)that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a mass of citizens (be) ___________ in favor of this idea. 2.protest vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩　n．抗议，反对 protest against sth.　抗议某事=make a protest against... 对……提出抗议 protest that... 坚持说…… without protest 心甘情愿地；不反对地 under protest 抗议着；极不乐意地 in protest against... 抗议…… in protest以示抗议 ①All local farmers (protest) against building the airport on their farmland then. ②Many people gathered to protest killing animals for food ③The workers went on strike (protest) against the economic policy of the government. ④Thousands of people crowded into the street, protest) against the war. 3.process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程　vt.加工，处理 【归纳用】in the process of (doing) sth.　 在(做)某事的过程中 in the process 同时，在……过程中 in process 在进行中 单句语法填空 ①I’m afraid getting things changed will be slow process. ②All the information was then ready (process) into film negatives. 三、重要句型结构 1．“介词＋which” 引导定语从句 The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is about 6,400 kilometres in length... 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长约6 400千米…… 单句语态填空 ①She still remembers the day which she won the prize. ②We didn't know the reason which he refused our help. ③Look, there comes Tom, whom I have waited for an hour. ④I took a photo of the students, whom was seated a teacher. 2．过去分词(短语)作定语 Of the 390,000 plant species known to man，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 在人类知道的三十九万植物物种中，超过四万种可以在亚马孙雨林中找到。 单句语法填空 (1)Join a (guide)bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C. (2)I have something important to say.Can those (seat) at the back hear me? (3)The person (question) by the police gave a detailed description. 3．倒装结构 Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。 单句语法填空 ①Sitting in the hall (be)the two astronauts who were very young. ②Here (come)a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours. ③On the wall (be)hanging two old paintings. ④Present at the evening party on Thursday (be)our English teacher. 6．so＋倒装句 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 7．倒装句 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith，a local resident；Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory；and Julie Archer，chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. 今晚在演播室的是詹姆斯·史密斯，一个当地居民；文森特·布朗，当地工厂的高级经理；朱莉·阿切尔，诺盖特环保委员会的领导。 单句语法填空 (1)Financial stress is well established as chief reason for divorce. (2)Present at the meeting ____________ (be) some scientists from China. (3)Among the people (be)some students interested in agriculture hours ago. 8．even though引导让步状语从句 We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 阅读理解 Walters had always had a fascination with skiing, even though he was born in Kuwait, a place “as snow less as you can get”. He and his wife moved to a Scottish island 25 years ago and bought a run-down hotel, which they run as a self-catered (不包餐的) holiday house. Handing over the keys to guests on a Friday, Walters said, “We’re retired, and it gives me more time to do the things I want to do”. It’s why Walters thought he might enjoy teaching people to ski. He had, after all, enjoyed the bread-making classes he used to run. “I like teaching people things,” he says. Walters first skied at 11 on a school trip to Austria. “We were allowed to go up the mountain on the second day and I remember, with a friend, being so scared of skiing down that we actually walked down,” he says. Yet it didn’t put him off. Their teacher started organizing Sunday trips to Glenshee, the skiing area in the Highlands, and Walters became part of the school’s ski team. Once he had taken the week-long instructor course in the Cairngorms — followed by further training — he wasn’t sure there would be an easy route into work. Then he spotted a request on Face book from a company that teaches children to ski, for someone to replace one of their instructors who had injured herself. Three days later, Walters arrived in Switzerland. “I was thinking: ‘This is going to be awful, because I’ll be this old guy,’” he says. But he wasn’t even the oldest instructor — there was one in his early 7 as. It went so well that, by the second day, his group of 11 and 12-year-olds were skiing down easy runs. He now regularly works with the company, teaching groups of children during their school holidays. Walters spends most of his time dealing with beginners skiing fairly slowly. He isn’t trying to teach them to go as fast as possible — he’s trying to teach them how to ski with control, reduce speed, and get down the mountain without killing themselves.” He has just taken a further qualification as a ski instructor, reaching a level that enabled him to teach almost anywhere. 4. What made it possible for Walters to teach people to ski? A. The self - catered holiday hotel. B. The sufficient time after retirement. C. His childhood skiing experience in Kuwait. D. The profits made from running a holiday house. 5. What does the underlined phrase “put him off” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Delay him. B. Make him lose interest. C. Cause him harm. D. Appeal to him. 6. What was Walters concerned about when he applied for his ski instructor’s job? A. He was too old for the job. B. He would work for a short time. C. He lacked necessary trainings. D. He was less experienced. 7. What can we learn about Walters from the last paragraph? A. He is a lazy ski instructor. B. He will apply for a better job. C. He is patient with beginners. D. He works as a full-time ski instructor. 完形填空 Last summer, with my neck tight from too much time at the computer, I knew I needed to take off into the woods. My husband wasn’t 91 , but I really wanted to see the Perseids meteor shower (英仙座流星雨). I decided to go 92 on my own, which I’d never done before. After throwing a sleeping bag and a few things to eat into the car, I was on my way. I was a little 93 about being alone at first but put that feeling aside for the time being as I drove to my destination. The moment I 94 the campsite, I asked the young attendant if she thought I’d be all right camping alone. “Sure!” she said. However, before I could move on, I heard thunder. Not a great start to my 95 . Soon, it was pouring. Once the rain stopped, I found a spot for the tent. Putting it up 96 an easy process. A good beginning! This wouldn’t be so bad, I thought. After supper, I got the fire started easily. Looking up, I couldn’t see much of the sky through the trees. Once I zipped (拉上拉链) myself into the tent, I realized how much 97 there was. I loved that I could spread out and throw my clothes all over with no one to 98 about the mess. Solo camping certainly has its 99 . Falling asleep quickly, I was 100 a few hours later by some noise. It sounded too large and loud to be a squirrel (松鼠) or a chipmunk (花栗鼠). 101 , after a few minutes, its stopped. But I was so scared that I failed to 102 myself the rest of the night. The next morning, my neighbors talked about how a bear had visited in the night and knocked over some of their chairs and a small table. Fortunately, the bear hadn’t done any more 103 than that. 104 I was disappointed at not seeing the shooting stars, I really enjoyed myself. And now I’m a lot more 105 about camping by myself. Bear or no bear. 91．A．suitable B．available C．accessible D．capable 92．A．camping B．shopping C．jogging D．travelling 93．A．relieved B．nervous C．desperate D．enthusiastic 94．A．located B．searched C．reached D．detected 95．A．adventure B．appointment C．experiment D．schedule 96．A．turned out B．knocked off C．left out D．resulted from 97．A．time B．work C．room D．silence 98．A．argue B．bother C．worry D．complain 99．A．weaknesses B．benefits C．impacts D．consequences 100．A．attracted B．impressed C．awakened D．greeted 101．A．Thankfully B．Unfortunately C．Constantly D．Apparently 102．A．enjoy B．occupy C．compose D．defend 103．A．damage B．credit C．favour D．good 104．A．Since B．When C．While D．Unless 105．A．anxious B．confident C．curious D．depressed 综合填空一 Born in Salzburg, Austria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is believed to have been the most naturally 1 ( gift ) musician that ever lived. He composed over 600 works, many 2 ( recognize ) as pinnacles (顶峰) of piano, symphonic, concertante, chamber, operatic, and choral music. He is always among the most popular classical 3 ( compose ). Mozart showed extraordinary ability from his earliest childhood. Already skilled in keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five. His father, also a musician, took young Mozart to perform before European royalty, 4 ( make ) full use of his son’s talent. At 17 he 5 ( employ ) as a court musician in Salzburg, but he grew discontent and traveled in search of a 6 ( good ) position. While 7 ( visit ) Vienna in 1781, he was fired from his Salzburg position. He chose to stay in the capital, where he achieved fame 8 little money. During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, 9 were largely unfinished at the time of Mozart’s death. Mozart developed a brilliant style that included the light and graceful along with the dark and passionate. Beethoven wrote his own early compositions in the shadow of Mozart, of whose influence on Western art music, Joseph Haydn wrote that “ such 10 talent won’t be seen again in 100 years. ” 综合填空二 The Jiqing night street is located in the central part of an old city area in Hankou. Local people simply say that if you come to Jiqing, you will know 51 Wuhan is, and that anyone who doesn’t go there is the same as one who has never been to the city. In the evening, hundreds of sidewalk snack boothes come out on the street and provide popular flavored food 52 cheap prices. Fresh steamed lobsters and crabs, spicy shrimp balls, tasty beef soups and Chinese dumplings, all these will feed you well. Native people like to order several of the best-known dishes and a few 53 (bottle) of beer and spend their evening with friends here. For travelers, another 54 (excite) thing is the lively folk music 55 (perform) by folk musicians at their table. The musicians often carry their instruments and a piece of board on which the tune names 56 ( write). You can choose one of 57 ( they) ( all are popular classical Chinese music) at 10 or 15 RMB and then enjoy the delicious food when 58 (listen) to a graceful (优美的) tune. It is a lively place 59 locals spend their leisure time, and has become 60 important part of everyday life for local people. 七选五练习 Setting a new personal max is a great way to chart your progress toward your fitness goals. 6 One useful step is to improve VO: max(最大摄氧量), which is a measure of w much oxygen your body can take in and use during exercise. The more oxygen your body can put to use while you work out, the better your performance will be, whether you’re running a long-distance race or playing a sport like tennis or soccer. 7 The first is to build up your aerobic(有氧)base,which is achieved by doing a lot of lower-intensity(低强度)aerobic work. In running,that would mean a lot of long, slow miles, with the goal of building up your distance over time.Doing this increases your overall aerobic capacity(容量)which in turn will help your body be much better at taking in and using oxygen. Exercise physiologist and Ironman coach Alan Couzens is rich in his experience working with athletes. 8 In it he claims that the largest gains in VO2max tend to come when their training plan includes a lot of lower-intensity aerobic work. In addition to these long,slow miles, you’ll want to add to some more traditional“VO2 max”workouts, which feature short bursts of high-intensity work at 90-95% of your maximum heart rate. 9 However,although it can be attractive (and feel good) to push yourself every time you exercise，high-intensity intervals(间歇)should only contain a small percentage of your overall workout routine. 10 As Jason Fitzgerald wrote for Outside Magazine, you should avoid long-time work at a VO2 max level, as it is tough on the body.Instead,he advises,“Save most of these intense, specific workouts for the final step of training when you’re sharpening for a race.” A．So what’s the easiest way to do that? B．What is the VO max that is accepted during exercise? C．He has had a well-known post in a blog for SimpliFaster. D．These short, intense bursts will help further push your body’s abilities. E．There are two general strategies that are helpful for improving your VO2Max. F．If your performance improves, that’s a sign that your VO max has improved too. G．If you are preparing for a race,for example, you want to avoid overdoing them too soon. 第2页 | 共4页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $