Unit 1 Great people 单元检测 新九年级英语暑假预习讲义新教材沪教版

**基本信息** 本单元卷以“Great people”为主题，通过Jane Goodall、Darwin等伟人素材整合语法、阅读与写作，适配初中英语暑假自我检测，凸显语言能力与文化意识培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|10题/15分|动词不定式、形容词等|以Jane Goodall事迹为语境，考查语法应用| |阅读理解|35题/45分|细节理解、推理判断|含Darwin、Hawking传记，培养思维品质| |书面表达|1题/15分|人物介绍写作|要求结合生平与启发，提升综合语言输出能力|

Unit 1 Great people自我检测 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为110分，考试时间为100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（70分） 一、语法选择（15分） Jane Goodall, the world-famous primatologist and UN Messenger of Peace, passed away on October 1, 2025, at the age of 91. She died of natural causes in California, US, while on a speaking tour peacefully.​ Goodall loved animals deeply even when she was a little kid. At 8, she saved her pocket money little by little___1_____the book Tarzan. Later, she also fell in love with Doctor Dolittle—these books made her more and more ____2____ in wild animals. Her mother supported this passion instead of dismissing it, which pushed her to dream of studying animals in Africa, a place she finally visited in 1957.​ In 1960, Goodall started her important research on chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Gombe Park. She didn’t have formal science training, but she watched chimpanzees very ___3______ every day. She found that chimpanzees ___4__ make tools—they take leaves off small branches to get termites to eat. This finding challenged the long-held belief that only humans used tools.​ When Goodall got older, she___5____ her focus from research to advocating for nature. She set up the Jane Goodall Institute to keep working for nature protection and started ___6___ project—the “Roots and Shoots” program. This program was even more meaningful because it helped young people around the world do small things to protect the environment. Even when she was in her___7____, she traveled more than 300 days a year to spread messages about ___8____the environment to more people.​ Her influence still lives on. UN Secretary-General Guterres said she left a great legacy for humans and nature. For many, she is a symbol of courage—proving that passion and persistence can change the world. Her death made people all over the world___9___: a museum in India planned an exhibition called “Celebrating Jane” to honor her, and a school in California planted a tree in memory of her and her work. _____10___Jane Goodall is gone, her spirit will always encourage people to care for our Earth.​ 1. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 2. A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interestedly 3. A. patient B. more patient C. patiently D. patience 4. A. can B. could C. should D. must 5. A. turn B. turned C. turns D. turning 6. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 7. A. eighty B. eightieth C. eighties D. the eightieth 9. A. to protect B. protecting C. protected D. protects 9. A. sad B. sadder C. sadly D. more sadly 10. A. Although B. even though C. When D. After 二、完形填空（10分） One day, a young man came to a wise man, Socrates. He asked, “Will you please give me some suggestions on how to be 11 ?” Socrates agreed, “Walk with me.” They headed to the 12 . When they both stood in the water, Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water. After several seconds, the young man managed to fight his way out of water, breathing in air. Socrates walked away. The young man was 13 . He looked up to Socrates a lot. How could the great man do this? The young man thought he would never turn to Socrates for 14 . However, the young man with strong wish for success visited Socrates again. Just like before, Socrates 15 the young man’s head under the water. This time, however, the young man was 16 . Before going under, he took a deep breath and held it for thirty seconds, but after coming up, he saw Socrates had already walked away. Shame again! Days passed, and the young man didn’t want to 17 , so he decided to make a final try. This time, the young man 18 knew about what would happen. He held his breath underwater for almost two minutes. He 19 for air and shouted, “Why? Why did you push my head down to water each time I asked for the secret to success?” Socrates faced the young man and said, “Son, I have tried three times to teach you. When you want to succeed as much as you want to 20 , you will be a great success.” 11. A. happy B. young C. clever D. successful 12. A. wild B. ocean C. palace D. forest 13. A. shocked B. pleased C. nervous D. peaceful 14. A. money B. advice C. protection D. information 15. A. shook B. turned C. forced D. raised 16. A. late B. dying C. ready D. proud 17. A. give up B. set off C. grow up D. move around 18. A. slowly B. exactly C. secretly D. possibly 19. A. asked B. waited C. searched D. surfaced 20. A. swim B. walk C. stand D. breathe 三、阅读理解（45分） 第一节、阅读选择（30分） A Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join in the perfect trip for a biologist (生物学家): a voyage around the world to study nature. In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先). At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels. But he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public because he was afraid the public would not agree with his idea. He was so worried that he became ill. However, when someone else started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day when he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 21. What made Darwin give up his study of medicine? A. He didn’t like seeing blood. B. He found the studies too difficult. C. He was pushed to give up by his family. D. He was advised to study natural science. 22. What does the underlined word “voyage” mean in this passage? A. a long journey by plane B. a long journey by sea C. a long journey in a certain country D. a long journey abroad 23. Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A. It let him change his mind about his future. B. It helped him to finish his study at the university. C. It gave him ideas about the beginnings of living things. D. It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 24. In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life? a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He was afraid the public would disagree with his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A. e→c→a→b→d B. c→e→a→b→d C. e→a→c→d→b D. c→e→d→a→b 25. Why did the writer include the last paragraph? A. To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B. To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C. To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D. To show how important Darwin was in natural science. B When we think about scientific achievement, geniuses like Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton always come to mind. These people are often obsessed by their subjects of interest, choosing their fields of specialty at an early age. But is this always the case? In fact, many of the most important discoveries come from a different kind of mind. Charles Darwin was an aspiring geologist when he sailed to observe faraway lands. He had little knowledge in biology but through his travels, keen observations and great curiosity, he developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Another such great discovery was the invention of PCR (聚合酶链反应), which is essential for certain kinds of genetic research. Its inventor, Kary Mullis, barely earned a Ph. D in biochemistry. His time was spent writing fiction and running a bakery until a friend found him a job in biotechnology, where his great idea for PCR was born. Darwin and Mullis were both natural explorers. Darwin did poorly in school but was always curious about the animals and plants. As a child, Mullis was more interested in the spiders in his grandparents' basement than anything else. It may not be surprising that these creative minds developed through play and exploration. Many educators argue that the classic model of education, in which teachers lecture and students memorize, is misguided. Most children are born with the drive to play and explore, which helps develop important skills. Probably the thinking skills Darwin and Mullis got were developed through this kind of play and exploration. So, what are schools supposed to do today? They should allow our children to step out of the classroom, and encourage them to play and try new things. As Ni Minjing, head of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, once said,“ Every piece of soil, every flower and every clear night sky is a playground for scientific curiosity.” 26. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To explain the purpose. C. To attract the readers' attention. D. To give background information. 27. Which of the following is true about Darwin and Mullis? A. Darwin was a sharp and curious observer. B. Mullis earned his Ph. D without difficulty. C. Mullis got the idea for PCR while working at a bakery. D. Darwin was a great biologist when he began his voyages. 28. What is the main contrast between“ Einstein and Newton” and“ Darwin and Mullis”? A. The former group was more focused on formal education. B. The latter group had a more non-traditional path to discovery. C. The latter group started their fields of specialty at an early age. D. The former group was more successful in scientific achievements. 29. Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 30. Which is the best title of the text? A. The Focused Early Years of Geniuses B. The Success of Non- traditional Teaching C. Unexpected Geniuses: The Power of Curiosity D. Beyond the Classroom: The Importance of Play C On March 14 in 2018, one of science’s brightest stars went dark. Stephen Hawking, the world-famous scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, UK. Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theory became the important base for a lot of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous book is A Brief History of Time（《时间简史》）， which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world, according to CNN. Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude. When Hawking was 21, he was told that he had a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice. But this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life. “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.” he once said. Hawking travelled around the world to attend science meeting, visiting every continent, including Antarctica. He was also a fan of popular culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon. When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. He hoped to travel into space one day. In 2013, Hawking spoke about how he felt life was unfair when he first knew his illness. “But now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life,” he said peacefully. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the article? A. To tell us the brightest star went dark and Hawking died. B. To introduce Hawking’s famous book A Brief History of Time. C. To describe how Hawking overcame his serious physical illness. D. To introduce Hawking’s life to help people remember him. 32. How important is Hawking’s theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes? A. It helped him write all his books to help ordinary people understand the universe. B. A lot of research which came after the important theory later depends on it. C. It made his famous book sell more than 10 million copies all over the world. D. This achievement led him to become a strong and positive famous man. 33. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. He travelled around the world just in order to pay a visit to every continent. B. Although Hawking had a serious illness, he still had a wonderful and meaningful life. C. He was a fan of up-to-date culture and hosted TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. D. He was so positive and strong that he still felt satisfied when he was first told he had a serious illness. 34. What does Hawking mean by “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.”? A. Although one man has a disabled body, he can still have a strong will and positive attitude. B. If someone is physically ill, he can’t pay more money to treat his psychological disability. C. If one is physically disabled, he needn’t have psychological disability because it’s too much for him. D. Although one man has disabled illness, he can also be psychologically disabled in his life. 35. In what order did the following take place in the story? a. He said that he was happy with his life 50 years later. b. He had to sit in a wheelchair and began to use a computer to help him speak. c. He took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. d. He went up in a hot-air balloon. e. He couldn’t walk and talk at the age of 21. A. e-b-a-d-c B. a-e-b-d-c C. e-b-d-c-a D. a-e-d-b-e 第二节、阅读填空（5分） We are all encouraged to work hard and succeed in life. But failure is still a common part of everyone’s lives. 36 If you visit the Museum of Failure in Shanghai, you might change your mind. Samuel West, a Swedish psychologist, founded the museum. The museum displays more than 100 failed products 37 For example, in 1993, Apple released the Newton MessagePad which could be used to take electronic notes by hand. But its price was so high that few people wanted to buy it. Apple stopped making it in 1997. Coca-cola once developed a coffee-flavored soda in 2006. 38 West said the failed products were not displayed to make fun of these companies. He thinks success stories are all similar. He is tired of reading and hearing the same boring stories. As Albert Einstein once said, A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” 39 There are reasons for this.  "The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace out-of-the-box thinking, and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens,” Simon Casuto wrote for Forbes. 40 The key is whether or not you can learn from your mistakes. A. It seems that failure isn't always a bad thing. B. This idea has been welcomed by many big companies. C. Perhaps you are afraid of failure, or even think it's shameful to fail. D. Some of them were made by the most famous and successful companies in the world. E. The company wanted to catch up with people's growing love for coffee, but the product was taken off the market in 2008. 第三节、项目式情境（10分） 配对阅读。左栏是五个著名人物的简介，右栏是七个人物评论，请将二者进行匹配。 41 Albert Einstein, a Jewish physicist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Among the important discoveries he made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity（相对论）. 42 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China. He made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about nature, the world and the human behavior. 43 Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who suggested that the earth and other planets in solar system go around the sun. Now, all our ideas of the universe are built on this theory（理论）. 44 Neil Armstrong was a pilot in the US Air force before he entered the space program. In July of 1969, he landed on the moon and made history by walking on the moon firstly. 45 Steven Jobs was an American businessman who was known as the CEO of Apple Inc. He launched（发布）the Macintosh computer, iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other popular electronic products. A. He is the first man to walk on the moon. His famous saying “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” is remembered by all the people in the world. B. As the founder of Confucianism, he was one of the world’s most famous cultural figures. His influence is still felt across the world and his ideas of teaching are still important in practice today. C. He was considered as the greatest physicist since Galileo and Newton. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields. D. His sailing around the world showed that the earth is round and could be circled by sea. He was the first European to sail across the Pacific Ocean. E. He was widely regarded as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution （革命）. His influence in the computer and electronics is great. F. He was one of the most admired musicians and pianists in the history of the Western music. As his music has a very far-reaching influence, he is known as “the king of the symphony”. G. He was known as the father of modern astronomy. He was the first modern European scientist to come up with the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system. 第2卷 非选择题（共40分） 第一节、短文填词（5分） When and where did people start drinking tea? Historians are not sure, but people in China have grown tea for thousands of years. According to a Chinese legend, Shennong discovered tea by accident when some leaves fell from a tree into his drink. The oldest tea archaeologists (考古学家) have f 46 so far is almost 2, 200years old. It dates back to the early Han dynasty. But before the Tang dynasty, people usually did not drink tea for the taste—they used it as medicine. Thanks to a man named Lu Yu (733-804 CE), people all over China started enjoying tea as a drink. Lu Yu c 47 studied the art of making tea, and he wanted to share his knowledge with others. He decided to write Cha Jing (The Classic of Tea). This was the world’s first book about tea and tea c 48 . It was only about 7, 000 characters long, but the book became very p 49 . Not long after Lu Yu died, tea culture quickly spread across the country, and he became known as the Sage of Tea. People still read Cha Jing today, and there are translations of the book in English, French, Japanese and many other l 50 . 第二节、阅读回答问题（10分）Stand in front of a mirror and look at it. How much do you really know about the person in it? It’s not an easy job to know ourselves. To help students do this important task, schools across China are providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge. Liu Yue is a teacher from Chengdu Yucai Middle School. She has recently given her students a useful tool. “It’s called the Johari Window, developed by two U.S. psychologists (心理学家),” said Liu. “It has four areas about one’s self: An open area that everyone knows about, a hidden area that only you know, a blind spot that everyone knows except for you and an unknown area that nobody knows. Using this tool, students did a great job seeing themselves in a new way.” “I’m most curious about my blind spot,” said eighth-grader Yang Manfei. “So I did a survey with my friends.” The results showed that she easily gets anxious and impatient because of procrastination, the habit of delaying doing things until the last moment. “It is a bad habit I’ve never realized,” Yang said. “I find the unknown area most magical,” said Sun Boyin, another student. “It means everyone has lots of potential (潜能).” When Sun entered middle school, he was not good at math. “But I set a goal and did lots of math exercises. Now I’m much better at the subject. The unknown part of my math ability is getting clearer,” he said. When it came to the hidden area, most students kept silent. “I’m afraid to show my secrets deep down,” said Li Yixuan. “Then one classmate stood up and said his favourite cartoon is Tom and Jerry.” Li thought to himself, “Am I brave enough to show my childish hobby? I want my classmates to see me as a grown person, not a silly child.” But then he realized that classmate wasn’t silly at all. In fact, he has the courage to be himself. “Show yourself and make yourself better. That’s the best lesson I’ve learned,” Li added. Dear friends, do you want to learn more about yourself using the Johari Window? Which part would you like to find out most now and why? Please share your idea and a reason here. ________ 51. Why are schools across China providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge? 52. What parts does the Johari Window have? 53. What makes Yang Manfei get anxious and impatient easily? 54. How did Li Yixuan feel about his hidden area at first? 55. Fill in the blank in the article. Please share your idea and a reason here: 第三节、语法填空（10分） During the Warring States Period, two well-known handsome men lived in the State of Qi, namely Zou Ji and Mr. Xu. One day, after____56_____ (dress) up carefully, Zou Ji asked his wife who looked ____57____(handsome) between him and Xu. Without _____58____(hesitate), his wife praised him as the more attractive one. Still feeling doubtful, Zou Ji turned to his concubine and a guest for the same question, ____59___ both gave identical flattering replies. It was not until Xu visited him in person that Zou Ji finally knew the truth—Xu was _____60_____(clear) much more handsome. Reflecting on the lies, Zou Ji understood ___61____ reason behind them. Out of love, fear or personal needs, people around him chose to hide the truth. He shared this experience ____62___the king and warned that rulers _____63_____(also surround) by biased voices and rarely heard sincere suggestions. Deeply convinced, the king opened his door to public criticism. Countless people came to speak their minds, bringing great changes to the country. Before long, Qi grew strong and won respect from neighboring states. This ancient tale reminds us that straight advice often sounds____64____ (comfortable), yet it helps us recognize weaknesses and keep improving ____65_____(we). 第三节、书面表达（15分） 介绍一位你敬佩的伟人。包括其生平、主要成就、性格特点及你从他身上获得的启发，词数100-120左右，题目为“A Great person I Admire”。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Great people自我检测 温馨提示： 本试卷共分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，第Ⅰ卷为选择题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题；满分为110分，考试时间为100分钟。 第Ⅰ卷 选择题（70分） 一、语法选择（15分） Jane Goodall, the world-famous primatologist and UN Messenger of Peace, passed away on October 1, 2025, at the age of 91. She died of natural causes in California, US, while on a speaking tour peacefully.​ Goodall loved animals deeply even when she was a little kid. At 8, she saved her pocket money little by little___1_____the book Tarzan. Later, she also fell in love with Doctor Dolittle—these books made her more and more ____2____ in wild animals. Her mother supported this passion instead of dismissing it, which pushed her to dream of studying animals in Africa, a place she finally visited in 1957.​ In 1960, Goodall started her important research on chimpanzees in Tanzania’s Gombe Park. She didn’t have formal science training, but she watched chimpanzees very ___3______ every day. She found that chimpanzees ___4__ make tools—they take leaves off small branches to get termites to eat. This finding challenged the long-held belief that only humans used tools.​ When Goodall got older, she___5____ her focus from research to advocating for nature. She set up the Jane Goodall Institute to keep working for nature protection and started ___6___ project—the “Roots and Shoots” program. This program was even more meaningful because it helped young people around the world do small things to protect the environment. Even when she was in her___7____, she traveled more than 300 days a year to spread messages about ___8____the environment to more people.​ Her influence still lives on. UN Secretary-General Guterres said she left a great legacy for humans and nature. For many, she is a symbol of courage—proving that passion and persistence can change the world. Her death made people all over the world___9___: a museum in India planned an exhibition called “Celebrating Jane” to honor her, and a school in California planted a tree in memory of her and her work. _____10___Jane Goodall is gone, her spirit will always encourage people to care for our Earth.​ 1. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 2. A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interestedly 3. A. patient B. more patient C. patiently D. patience 4. A. can B. could C. should D. must 5. A. turn B. turned C. turns D. turning 6. A. other B. others C. another D. the other 7. A. eighty B. eightieth C. eighties D. the eightieth 9. A. to protect B. protecting C. protected D. protects 9. A. sad B. sadder C. sadly D. more sadly 10. A. Although B. even though C. When D. After 【答案】CCCBB CCBAA 【解析】文章介绍了著名灵长类动物学家简・古道尔的2025年10月1日离世、童年爱好、研究贡献、环保行动及深远影响，展现其对自然与人类的意义。 1. C。句意：8 岁时，她一点点攒零花钱，为了买《泰山》这本书。考查非谓语动词。A. buy（动词原形）；B. buying（动名词 / 现在分词）；C. to buy（动词不定式，表目的）；D. bought（动词过去式）。“攒零花钱” 的目的是 “买这本书”，需用不定式表目的，所以选 C。 2. C。句意：后来，她也爱上了《杜立德医生》—— 这些书让她对野生动物越来越感兴趣。考查词性及固定搭配。A. interest（名词，“兴趣”；动词，“使感兴趣”）；B. interesting（形容词，“令人感兴趣的”，修饰物）；C. interested（形容词，“感兴趣的”，修饰人，固定搭配 be interested in）；D. interestedly（副词，“感兴趣地”）。句中 “made her” 后接形容词作宾语补足语，且主语是人，需用 interested，所以选 C。 3. C。句意：她没有接受过正规的科学训练，但每天都非常耐心地观察黑猩猩。考查词性辨析。A. patient（形容词，“耐心的”，修饰名词 / 作表语）；B. more patient（形容词比较级，“更耐心的”）；C. patiently（副词，“耐心地”，修饰动词）；D. patience（名词，“耐心”）。句中 “watched” 是动词，需用副词修饰，且无比较含义，所以选 C。 4. B。句意：她发现黑猩猩会制造工具 —— 它们把小树枝上的叶子摘掉，用来获取白蚁当食物。考查情态动词时态。A. can（一般现在时，“能，会”）；B. could（can 的过去时，“能，会”）C . should（“应该”）；；D. must（“必须，一定”）。主句 “found” 是一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应过去时态，所以选 C。 5. B。句意：随着古道尔年龄增长，她将重心从研究转向了倡导保护自然。考查动词时态。A. turn（一般现在时，原形）；C. turns（一般现在时，第三人称单数）；B. turned（一般过去时）；D. turning（动名词 / 现在分词）。文章整体讲述过去的事，需用一般过去时，所以选 B。 6. C。句意：她成立了简・古道尔研究所，继续致力于自然保护，并启动了另一个项目 ——“根与芽” 计划。考查代词辨析。A. other（“其他的”，后接复数名词）；B. others（“其他事物 / 人”，名词性物主代词，后不接名词）；C. another（“另一个”，后接单数可数名词，表泛指三者及以上中的一个）；D. the other（“两者中的另一个”）。句中 “project” 是单数可数名词，且无 “两者” 的语境，表泛指 “另一个项目”，所以选 C。 7. C。句意：即使在她 80 多岁时，她每年仍旅行 300 多天，向更多人传播保护环境的理念。考查年龄表达。A. eighty（基数词，“八十”）；B. eightieth（序数词，“第八十”）；C. eighties（“in one's eighties” 固定搭配，“在某人八十多岁时”）；D. the eightieth（“the + 序数词” 表 “第八十”）。表达 “在某人几十多岁时” 需用 “in one's + 基数词复数”，所以选 C。 8. B。句意：即使在她 80 多岁时，她每年仍旅行 300 多天，向更多人传播保护环境的理念。考查非谓语动词。A. to protect（动词不定式）；B. protecting（动名词）；C. protected（过去分词）；D. protects（动词第三人称单数）。“about” 是介词，后接动名词作宾语，所以选 B。 9. A。句意：她的离世让全世界的人都很悲伤：印度一家博物馆计划举办名为 “致敬简” 的展览来纪念她，美国加利福尼亚州的一所学校也种树纪念她和她的事业。考查形容词作宾语补足语。A. sad（形容词，“悲伤的”）；B. sadder（形容词比较级，“更悲伤的”）；C. sadly（副词，“悲伤地”）；D. more sadly（副词比较级，“更悲伤地”）。“make sb. + 形容词” 是固定搭配，表 “使某人……”，且无比较含义，所以选 A。 10. A。句意：虽然简・古道尔已经离世，但她的精神将永远鼓励人们关爱我们的地球。考查连词辨析。A. Although（“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可置于句首 / 句中，不与 but 连用）；B. even though（“即使，尽管”，语气比 although 强，常表 “退一步说”）；C. When（“当…… 时”，引导时间状语从句）；D. After（“在…… 之后”，引导时间状语从句）。句中 “Jane Goodall is gone” 与 “her spirit will always encourage people” 是转折让步关系，且无 “退一步” 的强调语气，所以选 A。 二、完形填空（10分） One day, a young man came to a wise man, Socrates. He asked, “Will you please give me some suggestions on how to be 11 ?” Socrates agreed, “Walk with me.” They headed to the 12 . When they both stood in the water, Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water. After several seconds, the young man managed to fight his way out of water, breathing in air. Socrates walked away. The young man was 13 . He looked up to Socrates a lot. How could the great man do this? The young man thought he would never turn to Socrates for 14 . However, the young man with strong wish for success visited Socrates again. Just like before, Socrates 15 the young man’s head under the water. This time, however, the young man was 16 . Before going under, he took a deep breath and held it for thirty seconds, but after coming up, he saw Socrates had already walked away. Shame again! Days passed, and the young man didn’t want to 17 , so he decided to make a final try. This time, the young man 18 knew about what would happen. He held his breath underwater for almost two minutes. He 19 for air and shouted, “Why? Why did you push my head down to water each time I asked for the secret to success?” Socrates faced the young man and said, “Son, I have tried three times to teach you. When you want to succeed as much as you want to 20 , you will be a great success.” 11. A. happy B. young C. clever D. successful 12. A. wild B. ocean C. palace D. forest 13. A. shocked B. pleased C. nervous D. peaceful 14. A. money B. advice C. protection D. information 15. A. shook B. turned C. forced D. raised 16. A. late B. dying C. ready D. proud 17. A. give up B. set off C. grow up D. move around 18. A. slowly B. exactly C. secretly D. possibly 19. A. asked B. waited C. searched D. surfaced 20. A. swim B. walk C. stand D. breathe 【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. D 【解析 】本文讲述一位年轻人向苏格拉底请教成功秘诀，苏格拉底三次将其头按入水中，让他领悟到“对成功的渴望需如对呼吸的渴望般强烈”的道理。 11. 句意： 一天，一个年轻人来到智者苏格拉底面前，问道：“您能给我一些关于如何变得成功的建议吗？” 根据文末年轻人的提问“Why? Why did you push my head down to water each time I asked for the secret to success?”，可知年轻人的核心诉求是询问如何成功，应选successful。 12. 句意： 他们朝大海走去。 根据后文“When they both stood in the water, Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water.”，“stood in the water”明确限定了地点为水域，应选ocean。wild（荒野）、palace（宫殿）、forest（森林）均无水域，逻辑不通。 13. 句意： 年轻人很震惊。 根据前文“Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water...Socrates walked away.”，苏格拉底突然将年轻人按入水中后直接离开，行为超出预期，应选shocked。 14. 句意： 年轻人想，他再也不会向苏格拉底寻求建议了。 根据文章开头“He asked, ‘Will you please give me some suggestions on how to be successful?’”，年轻人最初就是来寻求建议的，应选advice，呼应前文的suggestions。money（钱）、protection（保护）、information（信息）均与“请教建议”的语境无关，不符。 15. 句意： 和之前一样，苏格拉底强迫年轻人把头按到水下。 根据前文“Socrates pushed the young man’s head down to water.”，“Just like before”表明动作与首次一致，应选forced，对应“push”的动作。shook（摇晃）、turned（转动）、raised（抬起）均无法表达“按入水下”的含义，不符。 16. 句意： 然而这一次，年轻人是有准备的。 根据后文“Before going under, he took a deep breath and held it for thirty seconds”，年轻人提前做了呼吸准备，应选ready。 17. 句意： 几天过去了，年轻人不想放弃，于是他决定做最后一次尝试。 根据后文“so he decided to make a final try”，“final try”表明年轻人未放弃，应选give up。 18. 句意： 这一次，年轻人完全知道会发生什么。 根据前文年轻人已经历两次按头入水，对后续情况完全清楚，应选exactly，强调完全了然于心。 19. 句意： 他浮出水面呼吸空气，大喊道：“为什么？为什么每次我问成功的秘诀，你都把我的头按进水里？” 根据前文“He held his breath underwater for almost two minutes”，水下憋气后需浮出水面呼吸，应选surfaced。 20. 句意： 当你对成功的渴望，就像你对呼吸的渴望一样强烈时，你就会取得巨大的成功。 全文以“水中按头、渴望呼吸”为核心类比，此处需呼应“呼吸”这一核心意象，应选breathe。swim（游泳）、walk（走路）、stand（站立）均脱离核心语境，不符。 三、阅读理解（45分） 第一节、阅读选择（30分） A Charles Darwin was one of the six children from a big family. His grandfather and father were doctors and the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to study medicine. However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor. He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals. Luckily, one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join in the perfect trip for a biologist (生物学家): a voyage around the world to study nature. In 1831, Charles Darwin left Plymouth on The Beagle, a ship that took him around the world for five years. While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先). At home at Down House, a place that you can still visit today, Darwin wrote many articles and books about his travels. But he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public because he was afraid the public would not agree with his idea. He was so worried that he became ill. However, when someone else started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species. Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day when he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world. 21. What made Darwin give up his study of medicine? A. He didn’t like seeing blood. B. He found the studies too difficult. C. He was pushed to give up by his family. D. He was advised to study natural science. 22. What does the underlined word “voyage” mean in this passage? A. a long journey by plane B. a long journey by sea C. a long journey in a certain country D. a long journey abroad 23. Why was the trip on The Beagle important to Darwin? A. It let him change his mind about his future. B. It helped him to finish his study at the university. C. It gave him ideas about the beginnings of living things. D. It got him to complete his most famous book on the ship. 24. In what order did the following happen in Darwin’s life? a. He arrived back in Britain in 1836. b. He was afraid the public would disagree with his ideas. c. He became interested in studying the natural world. d. He printed his famous book, On the Origin of Species. e. He studied the plants and animals on the islands he visited. A. e→c→a→b→d B. c→e→a→b→d C. e→a→c→d→b D. c→e→d→a→b 25. Why did the writer include the last paragraph? A. To introduce Darwin’s famous book. B. To tell how people celebrate Darwin Day. C. To explain why people accept Darwin’s ideas. D. To show how important Darwin was in natural science. 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 【导语】本文讲述达尔文早期的学习和旅行经历，讲述达尔文研究自然世界，并完成《物种起源》的经历。 【详解】21. 细节理解题。根据“However, he hated to see blood and he soon realized that he couldn’t be a doctor.”可知是因为讨厌看见血，因此放弃学医，故选A。 22. 词句猜测题。根据“one of Darwin’s university teachers helped him join in the perfect trip for a biologist (生物学家): a voyage around the world to study nature.”以及“a ship that took him around the world for five years”可知“voyage”指的是海上的长途旅行，故选B。 23. 推理判断题。根据“While he was travelling, he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited. Darwin also spent his time on The Beagle writing notes about the things he had seen. When he finally arrived back in Britain, Darwin was already starting to create his famous theory that all living things had a common ancestor (祖先).”可知此处介绍达尔文在旅途中研究生物，从而得出所有生物都有一个共同的祖先，因此这个旅途很重要的原因是给了他关于生物起源的想法。故选C。 24. 细节理解题。根据“He then went to Cambridge University and discovered that he had a great interest in studying plants, insects and animals…he studied the plants and animals in the countries and on the islands that the ship visited…When he finally arrived back in Britain…But he didn’t want to make anything about his theory known to the public because he was afraid the public would not agree with his idea…However, when someone else started to write about similar ideas, Darwin decided to print his book, On the Origin of Species.”可知正确顺序是他去了剑桥大学，发现他对研究植物、昆虫和动物很感兴趣；他研究了船能到的国家和岛屿上的动植物；他最终回到英国；他不想让公众知道他的理论，因为他害怕公众不同意他的想法；当其他人开始写类似的观点时，达尔文决定出版他的书《物种起源》；即c→e→a→b→d，故选B。 25. 推理判断题。根据“Most scientists accepted Darwin’s theory and people continue to study it today. On 12th February, the day when he was born, Darwin Day is celebrated around the world to encourage more people to study the natural world.”可知作者在最后一段描述了达尔文在自然科学中的重要性。故选D。 B When we think about scientific achievement, geniuses like Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton always come to mind. These people are often obsessed by their subjects of interest, choosing their fields of specialty at an early age. But is this always the case? In fact, many of the most important discoveries come from a different kind of mind. Charles Darwin was an aspiring geologist when he sailed to observe faraway lands. He had little knowledge in biology but through his travels, keen observations and great curiosity, he developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Another such great discovery was the invention of PCR (聚合酶链反应), which is essential for certain kinds of genetic research. Its inventor, Kary Mullis, barely earned a Ph. D in biochemistry. His time was spent writing fiction and running a bakery until a friend found him a job in biotechnology, where his great idea for PCR was born. Darwin and Mullis were both natural explorers. Darwin did poorly in school but was always curious about the animals and plants. As a child, Mullis was more interested in the spiders in his grandparents' basement than anything else. It may not be surprising that these creative minds developed through play and exploration. Many educators argue that the classic model of education, in which teachers lecture and students memorize, is misguided. Most children are born with the drive to play and explore, which helps develop important skills. Probably the thinking skills Darwin and Mullis got were developed through this kind of play and exploration. So, what are schools supposed to do today? They should allow our children to step out of the classroom, and encourage them to play and try new things. As Ni Minjing, head of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, once said,“ Every piece of soil, every flower and every clear night sky is a playground for scientific curiosity.” 26. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic. B. To explain the purpose. C. To attract the readers' attention. D. To give background information. 27. Which of the following is true about Darwin and Mullis? A. Darwin was a sharp and curious observer. B. Mullis earned his Ph. D without difficulty. C. Mullis got the idea for PCR while working at a bakery. D. Darwin was a great biologist when he began his voyages. 28. What is the main contrast between“ Einstein and Newton” and“ Darwin and Mullis”? A. The former group was more focused on formal education. B. The latter group had a more non-traditional path to discovery. C. The latter group started their fields of specialty at an early age. D. The former group was more successful in scientific achievements. 29. Which of the following shows the structure of the text? A. B. C. D. 30. Which is the best title of the text? A. The Focused Early Years of Geniuses B. The Success of Non- traditional Teaching C. Unexpected Geniuses: The Power of Curiosity D. Beyond the Classroom: The Importance of Play 【答案】26. A 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对比传统科学家（如爱因斯坦和牛顿）与另类科学家（如达尔文和穆利斯）的成长路径，指出玩耍和探索对培养创造性思维的重要性，并呼吁学校改革教育模式，鼓励学生走出课堂。 26. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When we think about scientific achievement, geniuses like Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton always come to mind. But is this always the case? In fact, many of the most important discoveries come from a different kind of mind.”可知，首段通过对比普遍认知与提问，引出‘科学成就是否总是来自早期专注的天才’这一话题”，故选A。 27. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He had little knowledge in biology but through his travels, keen observations and great curiosity, he developed the theory of evolution”（他对生物学知之甚少，但通过旅行、敏锐的观察和强烈的好奇心，提出了进化论）可推知，达尔文是一名敏锐且充满好奇的观察者。故选A。 28. 推理判断题。根据文章第二至四段对达尔文和穆利斯的描述（如“had little knowledge in biology”“barely earned a Ph. D” “natural explorers”），以及第一段对爱因斯坦和牛顿的描述（“obsessed by their subjects, choosing fields at an early age”），可推知后者（达尔文和穆利斯）的发现路径更加非传统，而非早年专注专业领域。故选B。 29. 篇章结构题。通过分析文章结构可知，文章第一段引出话题“科学成就是否总是来自早期专注的天才？”，第二、三、四段随后以达尔文和穆利斯的例子作为反驳，说明重大发现常来自好奇心与探索；第五段指出传统教育模式的不足，并强调游戏与探索的重要性；第六段得出结论，给出学校应采取的做法，学校应鼓励孩子走出教室、尝试新事物。故选D。 30. 最佳标题题。全文通过对比传统天才与意外发现者，强调好奇心和探索对科学成就的重要性，标题应突出“意外天才与好奇心”；C项“意想不到的天才：好奇心的力量”符合文本主要内容，故选C。 C On March 14 in 2018, one of science’s brightest stars went dark. Stephen Hawking, the world-famous scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, UK. Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theory became the important base for a lot of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous book is A Brief History of Time（《时间简史》）， which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world, according to CNN. Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude. When Hawking was 21, he was told that he had a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice. But this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life. “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.” he once said. Hawking travelled around the world to attend science meeting, visiting every continent, including Antarctica. He was also a fan of popular culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon. When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. He hoped to travel into space one day. In 2013, Hawking spoke about how he felt life was unfair when he first knew his illness. “But now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life,” he said peacefully. 31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the article? A. To tell us the brightest star went dark and Hawking died. B. To introduce Hawking’s famous book A Brief History of Time. C. To describe how Hawking overcame his serious physical illness. D. To introduce Hawking’s life to help people remember him. 32. How important is Hawking’s theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes? A. It helped him write all his books to help ordinary people understand the universe. B. A lot of research which came after the important theory later depends on it. C. It made his famous book sell more than 10 million copies all over the world. D. This achievement led him to become a strong and positive famous man. 33. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. He travelled around the world just in order to pay a visit to every continent. B. Although Hawking had a serious illness, he still had a wonderful and meaningful life. C. He was a fan of up-to-date culture and hosted TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. D. He was so positive and strong that he still felt satisfied when he was first told he had a serious illness. 34. What does Hawking mean by “If one is physically disabled, one cannot afford to be psychologically(心理上) disabled as well.”? A. Although one man has a disabled body, he can still have a strong will and positive attitude. B. If someone is physically ill, he can’t pay more money to treat his psychological disability. C. If one is physically disabled, he needn’t have psychological disability because it’s too much for him. D. Although one man has disabled illness, he can also be psychologically disabled in his life. 35. In what order did the following take place in the story? a. He said that he was happy with his life 50 years later. b. He had to sit in a wheelchair and began to use a computer to help him speak. c. He took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. d. He went up in a hot-air balloon. e. He couldn’t walk and talk at the age of 21. A. e-b-a-d-c B. a-e-b-d-c C. e-b-d-c-a D. a-e-d-b-e 【答案】31. D 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. C 【详解】这篇短文主要讲述了霍金的生平经历 31. 主旨大意。通读整篇短文可知，这篇短文主要讲述了霍金的生平，帮助人们记住他。故选D。 32. 细节理解。题干“霍金关于宇宙从大爆炸开始并将以黑洞结束的理论有多重要？” 根据文中He came up with the theory that the universe began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theory became the important base for a lot of later research.可知，后来许多研究都是基于这一重要理论。故选B。 33. 推理判断。根据题意可知是说不正确的。根据文中Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein.; Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude.可知，尽管霍金病得很重，但他仍然过着美好而有意义的生活。选项B是正确的。故选B。 34. 题干“霍金所说的“如果一个人身体残疾，他也不能承受心理上的残疾”是什么意思？” 根据文中Besides his scientific achievements, Hawking was also someone who had a strong will and positive attitude.可知，除了科学成就外，霍金也是一个意志坚强、态度积极的人。故选A。 35. 细节理解。题干“下面的故事是按什么顺序发生的？” 根据文中When Hawking was 21, he was told that he had a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking.; Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice.; He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon; When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness; When he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness可知，他21岁时不能走路和说话。；他不得不坐在轮椅上，开始用电脑帮助他说话。；他乘热气球上去了。；他参加了一次失重飞行。；他说他对50年后的生活很满意。 故选C。 第二节、阅读填空（5分） We are all encouraged to work hard and succeed in life. But failure is still a common part of everyone’s lives. 36 If you visit the Museum of Failure in Shanghai, you might change your mind. Samuel West, a Swedish psychologist, founded the museum. The museum displays more than 100 failed products 37 For example, in 1993, Apple released the Newton MessagePad which could be used to take electronic notes by hand. But its price was so high that few people wanted to buy it. Apple stopped making it in 1997. Coca-cola once developed a coffee-flavored soda in 2006. 38 West said the failed products were not displayed to make fun of these companies. He thinks success stories are all similar. He is tired of reading and hearing the same boring stories. As Albert Einstein once said, A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.” 39 There are reasons for this.  "The best companies are those that encourage failure, embrace out-of-the-box thinking, and allow employees to make mistakes and see what happens,” Simon Casuto wrote for Forbes. 40 The key is whether or not you can learn from your mistakes. A. It seems that failure isn't always a bad thing. B. This idea has been welcomed by many big companies. C. Perhaps you are afraid of failure, or even think it's shameful to fail. D. Some of them were made by the most famous and successful companies in the world. E. The company wanted to catch up with people's growing love for coffee, but the product was taken off the market in 2008. 【答案】36. C 37. D 38. E 39. B 40. A 【解析】失败仍然是每个人生活中常见的一部分。一位瑞典心理学家在上海创建了失败博物馆，展出这些失败的产品不是为了取笑这些公司而是鼓励人们尝试失败，跳出定势思维，失败并不总是坏事，关键是你能否从错误中吸取教训。 36. 根据下文“If you visit the Museum of Failure in Shanghai, you might change your mind”推断空格指人们有可能害怕失败，但参观失败博物馆也许会转变想法；故选C。 37. 上文“The museum displays more than 100 failed products”讲述博物馆展出100多件的失败的产品；根据下文“For example, in 1993, Apple released…”推断空格进一步举例阐述失败产品，故选D。 38. 由上文可知，本段是讲述产品失败的例子；上文“Coca-cola once developed a coffee-flavored soda in 2006”由此推断空格说明可口可乐公司研发这个产品失败；故选E。 39. 空格在段首，是段落的主旨句；上文爱恩斯坦的话一个从不犯错误的人，一定从来没有尝试过任何新鲜事物。根据下文陈述一些公司鼓励失败，跳出定势思维，允许员工失败发现情况，由此推断空格指爱恩斯坦的这种想法在一些大公司很受欢迎；故选B。 40. 下文“The key is whether or not you can learn from your mistakes”，根据文句表达的逻辑关系，推断空格指失败不总是一件坏事，关键是你能否从错误中吸取教训；故选A。 第三节、项目式情境（10分） 配对阅读。左栏是五个著名人物的简介，右栏是七个人物评论，请将二者进行匹配。 41 Albert Einstein, a Jewish physicist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Among the important discoveries he made in his life, the greatest is the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity（相对论）. 42 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China. He made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about nature, the world and the human behavior. 43 Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who suggested that the earth and other planets in solar system go around the sun. Now, all our ideas of the universe are built on this theory（理论）. 44 Neil Armstrong was a pilot in the US Air force before he entered the space program. In July of 1969, he landed on the moon and made history by walking on the moon firstly. 45 Steven Jobs was an American businessman who was known as the CEO of Apple Inc. He launched（发布）the Macintosh computer, iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPad and other popular electronic products. A. He is the first man to walk on the moon. His famous saying “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” is remembered by all the people in the world. B. As the founder of Confucianism, he was one of the world’s most famous cultural figures. His influence is still felt across the world and his ideas of teaching are still important in practice today. C. He was considered as the greatest physicist since Galileo and Newton. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields. D. His sailing around the world showed that the earth is round and could be circled by sea. He was the first European to sail across the Pacific Ocean. E. He was widely regarded as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution （革命）. His influence in the computer and electronics is great. F. He was one of the most admired musicians and pianists in the history of the Western music. As his music has a very far-reaching influence, he is known as “the king of the symphony”. G. He was known as the father of modern astronomy. He was the first modern European scientist to come up with the idea that the sun is the center of the solar system. 【答案】41 42. B 43. G 44. A 45 【解析 】本文是将左栏的五个著名人物与右栏的人物评论进行匹配。 41. 根据“Albert Einstein, a Jewish physicist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921”可知，他是一位著名的物理学家，C选项“他被认为是继伽利略和牛顿之后最伟大的物理学家。他的发现和理论极大地影响了许多领域的科学”符合，故选C。 42. 根据“Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China”可知，孔子是中国古代伟大的思想家、教育家，B选项“作为儒家思想的创始人，他是世界上最著名的文化人物之一。他的影响在世界各地仍然存在，他的教学思想在今天的实践中仍然很重要”符合，故选B。 43. 根据“Nicholas Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who suggested that the earth and other planets in solar system go around the sun”可知，尼古拉斯·哥白尼是一位波兰天文学家，他认为地球和太阳系中的其他行星都是围绕太阳运行的，G选项“他被称为现代天文学之父。他是第一个提出太阳是太阳系中心的观点的现代欧洲科学家”符合，故选G。 44. 根据“In July of 1969, he landed on the moon and made history by walking on the moon firstly”可知，他是在月球上行走的第一人，A选项“他是第一个在月球上行走的人。他的名言‘一个人的一小步，人类的一大步’被世界上所有的人铭记”符合，故选A。 45根据“Steven Jobs was an American businessman who was known as the CEO of Apple Inc”可知，史蒂夫·乔布斯是一位美国商人，苹果公司的首席执行官，E选项“他被广泛认为是个人电脑革命的先驱。他在计算机和电子学方面的影响很大”符合，故选E。 第2卷 非选择题（共40分） 第一节、短文填词（5分） When and where did people start drinking tea? Historians are not sure, but people in China have grown tea for thousands of years. According to a Chinese legend, Shennong discovered tea by accident when some leaves fell from a tree into his drink. The oldest tea archaeologists (考古学家) have f 46 so far is almost 2, 200years old. It dates back to the early Han dynasty. But before the Tang dynasty, people usually did not drink tea for the taste—they used it as medicine. Thanks to a man named Lu Yu (733-804 CE), people all over China started enjoying tea as a drink. Lu Yu c 47 studied the art of making tea, and he wanted to share his knowledge with others. He decided to write Cha Jing (The Classic of Tea). This was the world’s first book about tea and tea c 48 . It was only about 7, 000 characters long, but the book became very p 49 . Not long after Lu Yu died, tea culture quickly spread across the country, and he became known as the Sage of Tea. People still read Cha Jing today, and there are translations of the book in English, French, Japanese and many other l 50 . 【答案】46. (f)ound 47. (c)arefully 48. (c)ulture 49. (p)opular 50. (l)anguages 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国茶文化的起源、发展及陆羽《茶经》的重要影响。 46. 句意：考古学家迄今发现的最古老的茶叶已有近2200年历史。根据首字母及“so far is almost 2,200 years old”可知是描述考古发现，find“发现”的过去分词形式，故填(f)ound。 47. 句意：陆羽深入研究制茶技艺，并希望与他人分享知识。根据首字母及“studied the art of making tea”可知是仔细研究，carefully“仔细地”修饰study，故填(c)arefully。 48. 句意：这是世界上第一本关于茶叶和茶文化的书。根据首字母及“about tea and tea”可知需补充“文化”一词，culture“文化”，故填(c)ulture。 49. 句意：这本书虽然只有约7000字，但变得非常流行。根据首字母及“the book became very”可知描述受欢迎程度，popular“流行的”，故填(p)opular。 50. 句意：该书现有英语、法语、日语等多种语言的译本。根据首字母及“translations…in English, French, Japanese”可知需补充“语言”一词，languages“语言”（复数形式），故填(l)anguages。 第二节、阅读回答问题（10分） Stand in front of a mirror and look at it. How much do you really know about the person in it? It’s not an easy job to know ourselves. To help students do this important task, schools across China are providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge. Liu Yue is a teacher from Chengdu Yucai Middle School. She has recently given her students a useful tool. “It’s called the Johari Window, developed by two U.S. psychologists (心理学家),” said Liu. “It has four areas about one’s self: An open area that everyone knows about, a hidden area that only you know, a blind spot that everyone knows except for you and an unknown area that nobody knows. Using this tool, students did a great job seeing themselves in a new way.” “I’m most curious about my blind spot,” said eighth-grader Yang Manfei. “So I did a survey with my friends.” The results showed that she easily gets anxious and impatient because of procrastination, the habit of delaying doing things until the last moment. “It is a bad habit I’ve never realized,” Yang said. “I find the unknown area most magical,” said Sun Boyin, another student. “It means everyone has lots of potential (潜能).” When Sun entered middle school, he was not good at math. “But I set a goal and did lots of math exercises. Now I’m much better at the subject. The unknown part of my math ability is getting clearer,” he said. When it came to the hidden area, most students kept silent. “I’m afraid to show my secrets deep down,” said Li Yixuan. “Then one classmate stood up and said his favourite cartoon is Tom and Jerry.” Li thought to himself, “Am I brave enough to show my childish hobby? I want my classmates to see me as a grown person, not a silly child.” But then he realized that classmate wasn’t silly at all. In fact, he has the courage to be himself. “Show yourself and make yourself better. That’s the best lesson I’ve learned,” Li added. Dear friends, do you want to learn more about yourself using the Johari Window? Which part would you like to find out most now and why? Please share your idea and a reason here. ________ 51. Why are schools across China providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge? 52. What parts does the Johari Window have? 53. What makes Yang Manfei get anxious and impatient easily? 54. How did Li Yixuan feel about his hidden area at first? 55. Fill in the blank in the article. Please share your idea and a reason here: 【答案】51. To help students know themselves (since it’s not an easy job to know ourselves). 52. It has four areas: an open area, a hidden area, a blind spot and an unknown area. 53. Procrastination (the habit of delaying doing things until the last moment). 54. He felt afraid to show his secrets deep down (and worried that his classmates would think he was silly). 55. I want to explore my unknown area. Because it can help me find my hidden potential and become a better self. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了中国多地学校开展自我认知课程活动。成都育才中学刘月老师引入乔哈里视窗工具，学生们借此对自己有了新认识，最后邀请读者分享使用该工具想了解的自身部分及原因。 51. 根据“It’s not an easy job to know ourselves. To help students do this important task, schools across China are providing more classes and activities on self-knowledge.”可知，全国各地的学校正在开设更多自我认知相关课程及实践活动是为了帮助学生了解自我。故填To help students know themselves (since it’s not an easy job to know ourselves). 52. 根据“It has four areas about one’s self: An open area that everyone knows about, a hidden area that only you know, a blind spot that everyone knows except for you and an unknown area that nobody knows.”可知，乔哈里视窗包含开放区、隐藏区、盲点和未知区四个部分。故填It has four areas: an open area, a hidden area, a blind spot and an unknown area. 53. 根据“The results showed that she easily gets anxious (焦虑紧张的) and impatient because of procrastination, the habit of delaying doing things until the last moment.”可知，杨曼菲容易焦虑和不耐烦是因为拖延，即把事情拖到最后一刻才做的习惯。故填Procrastination (the habit of delaying doing things until the last moment). 54. 根据“When it came to the hidden area, most students kept silent. ‘I’m afraid to show my secrets deep down,’ said Li Yixuan.”可知，起初李一轩对自己的隐藏区感到害怕，不敢展示自己内心深处的秘密，也可用其他表示担忧、不安等情绪的词汇。故填He felt afraid to show his secrets deep down (and worried that his classmates would think he was silly). 55. 本题问是否愿意用乔哈里视窗更了解自己，最想弄清楚哪一部分及原因，为开放类问题，合理即可。故填I want to explore my unknown area. Because it can help me find my hidden potential and become a better self. 第三节、语法填空（10分） During the Warring States Period, two well-known handsome men lived in the State of Qi, namely Zou Ji and Mr. Xu. One day, after____56_____ (dress) up carefully, Zou Ji asked his wife who looked ____57____(handsome) between him and Xu. Without _____58____(hesitate), his wife praised him as the more attractive one. Still feeling doubtful, Zou Ji turned to his concubine and a guest for the same question, ____59___ both gave identical flattering replies. It was not until Xu visited him in person that Zou Ji finally knew the truth—Xu was _____60_____(clear) much more handsome. Reflecting on the lies, Zou Ji understood ___61____ reason behind them. Out of love, fear or personal needs, people around him chose to hide the truth. He shared this experience ____62___the king and warned that rulers _____63_____(also surround) by biased voices and rarely heard sincere suggestions. Deeply convinced, the king opened his door to public criticism. Countless people came to speak their minds, bringing great changes to the country. Before long, Qi grew strong and won respect from neighboring states. This ancient tale reminds us that straight advice often sounds____64____ (comfortable), yet it helps us recognize weaknesses and keep improving ____65_____(we). 【答案】56.dressing 57.more handsome 58.hesitation 59.but 60.clearly 61.the 62.with 63.were also surrounded 64.uncomfortable 65.ourselves 【解析】本文改编自《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》的故事，讲述邹忌通过比美醒悟身边人阿谀奉承的原因，进而劝谏齐王广纳谏言，最终齐国变强，并点明忠言逆耳利于自省成长的道理。 56.dressing 非谓语动词题。after 是介词，后面接动词时要用动名词形式，故填 dressing。 57.more handsome 形容词比较级题。由 between him and Xu 可知是两者之间比较，要用形容词比较级，handsome 的比较级为 more handsome。故填 more handsome。 58.hesitation 名词固定搭配题。固定搭配 without hesitation 意为 “毫不犹豫地”，此处需把动词 hesitate 变为名词 hesitation。故填 hesitation。 59.but 连词填空题。前文邹忌心存疑惑去询问其他人，后文说众人给出同样奉承的回答，前后语义转折，用并列连词 but。 60.clearly 副词用法题。修饰形容词比较级 much more handsome，需要用副词作状语，clear 的副词形式是 clearly。故填 clearly。 61.the 冠词用法题。此处特指 “谎言背后的原因”，表特指要用定冠词 the。故填 the。 62.with 介词固定搭配题。固定搭配 share sth. with sb. 意为 “把某事分享给某人；向某人讲述某事”。故填 with。 63.were also surrounded 被动语态题。主语 rulers 和动词 surround 是被动关系，且全文为一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态 were also surrounded。 64.uncomfortable 形容词词形转换题。由后文转折含义 “忠言帮我们认识不足” 可知，直白的建议听起来往往是 “令人不适的”，comfortable 的反义词为 uncomfortable。故填 uncomfortable。 65.ourselves 反身代词题。固定搭配 improve oneself 意为 “自我完善、自我提升”，主语是 us，对应的反身代词是 ourselves。故填 ourselves。 第三节、书面表达（15分） 介绍一位你敬佩的伟人。包括其生平、主要成就、性格特点及你从他身上获得的启发，词数100-120左右，题目为“A Great person I Admire”。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文一】 Great people I Admire The great mind I admire most is Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in history. His contributions to physics and his unique personality have left a deep impression on me. Einstein was born in 1879 in Germany. He had a strong passion for science from an early age. Though he faced difficulties in his early studies, he never gave up his pursuit of knowledge. His most famous achievement is the theory of relativity, which changed the way we understand the universe. He also had a great sense of humour. What impresses me most is his attitude towards learning—he once said, “Imagination is more important than knowledge.” Einstein’s life teaches me that curiosity and perseverance are the keys to success. His ability to think differently and challenge traditional ideas inspires me to keep exploring in my studies. He is truly a great mind worth admiring forever. 【范文二】 I admire Albert Einstein, one of the world’s greatest scientists. He grew up in a family that valued knowledge. From a young age, he showed a strong interest in physics. Inspired by natural wonders, he was fond of thinking over mysteries of space and time. A significant milestone in his life was when he created the world-famous Theory of Relativity. In addition to busy daily research, he spent a lot of time doing experiments with uncovering the secrets of the universe in mind. He met lots of difficulties and repeated failures, but he never lost heart. Through his hard work, he managed to make breakthroughs that shook the whole science field. His findings helped people understand nature in brand-new ways. The impact of his contributions can still be seen in modern physics and space research. It is fitting that he earns worldwide respect. His perseverance teaches me to stick to my dreams and keep exploring bravely. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $