（期末培优卷）期末全真模拟培优卷-2025 - 2026学年八年级下册英语外研版

**基本信息** 本卷以情绪管理、自然科学等真实情境为载体，通过多样题型考查语言能力与跨文化思维，适配八年级期末培优需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |完形填空|10题/10分|词汇辨析、逻辑推理|以情绪管理情境渗透心理健康教育，如通过"forgive others"培养同理心| |阅读理解|20题/40分|自然地理（死海）、人物传记（Jane Goodall）等|设置推理题（如死海漂浮安全推断）考查思维品质，融入科学与人文素材| |书面表达|1题/25分|倡议信写作、环保主题|以"保护树木"整合语言输出与环保意识，呼应社会热点，提升文化意识|

2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期末全真模拟培优卷外研版（新教材） 注意事项： 1．本试卷共七大题，满分120分（不含听力口语30分），考试用时100分钟； 2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考点名称、考场号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在相对应的位置上，并认真核对条形码上的准考号、姓名是否与本人的相符合； 3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在指定的位置上，不在答题区域内的答案一律无效，不得用其他笔答题。 第一部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） Emotions are a normal part of our lives. Sometimes we feel upset, lonely, shocked, or even angry. But how can we deal with these feelings and stay 1 ? Here are some useful tips. First, when you have negative 2 , don’t shut yourself away alone. Talk to someone you trust, like your parents, teachers, or friends. For example, if a friend says something hurtful, don’t get angry at once. Try to put yourself in their shoes and understand why they 3 that way. Maybe it wasn’t on purpose. If it’s their 4 , forgive them and advise them gently. 5 others not only helps reduce your anger by half but also makes you a kind person. And if you were wrong, 6 sincerely. Second, always look on the bright side. Even when things seem bad, there’s usually something good. For example, if you don’t win an award, be 7 for the experience you got. Remember, the present or the award isn’t important. What you learned from the experience 8 . 9 , stay active and do things you love. When you enter a competition or draw a picture, you can forget your worries. If you keep in low spirits, think about your achievements. Your parents are always proud of you, 10 you’re not perfect. In a word, learning to deal with emotions is important. By following these tips, you can stay positive and enjoy life better! 1．A．excited B．mad C．positive D．relaxed 2．A．results B．orders C．scores D．emotions 3．A．decided B．repeated C．behaved D．followed 4．A．purpose B．fault C．plan D．standard 5．A．Pushing B．Encouraging C．Forgiving D．Believing 6．A．cry B．advise C．control D．apologize 7．A．thankful B．helpful C．harmful D．painful 8．A．matters B．cares C．clears D．inspires 9．A．Sadly B．Lastly C．Nervously D．Luckily 10．A．if B．when C．though D．until 第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A When you first hear about the Dead Sea, it might sound scary, but the truth is quite different. Let’s get closer to the Dead Sea and learn more about it. The Dead Sea is located in Southwest Asia. It is about 50 kilometers long and 15 kilometers wide at its widest point. It sits at about 430 meters below sea level, making it the lowest point on Earth’s land. What’s interesting is that the Dead Sea isn’t actually a sea. It’s a lake. The salt concentration (盐浓度) in it is more than 30 percent, which is about eight times saltier than typical seawater. This makes it one of the saltiest lakes of water on earth. The Dead Sea stays so salty because of its special natural conditions. Each year, it receives very little rainfall, and only a small amount of freshwater flows into it. And the hot weather around the Dead Sea causes the freshwater to evaporate (蒸发) quickly, which makes the salt concentration even higher. For these reasons, it is also known as the Salt Sea. If you are to swim in the Dead Sea, you won’t see any sea life—no plants or animals. The high salt concentration makes it impossible for them to live there. That’s actually why it’s called the Dead Sea. However, don’t let the name or the lack of sea life scare you. Even if you fall into the Dead Sea and can’t swim, you won’t die. The high concentration of salt in the Dead Sea allows anyone to float well, without the need for life buoys (救生圈). In fact, many people visit the Dead Sea every year on vacation. If you walk along the lakeside, you’ll likely see many people floating in the water, reading books or magazines. 11．Where is the Dead Sea? A．In North America B．In Southwest Asia C．In South Africa D．In East Europe 12．What makes the Dead Sea so salty? A．A lot of seawater runs into it. B．Human activities improve the salt levels. C．Little rainfall and quick evaporation of freshwater. D．The high temperature stops the water from freezing. 13．Why do people call it the Dead Sea? A．Because they cannot swim in it. B．Because it has something dangerous. C．Because it has a low salt concentration. D．Because no plants or animals can live in it. 14．What does the underlined word “float” probably mean? A．逃跑. B．挣脱 C．漂浮. D．陷入. 15．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．If people can’t swim, they’ll still be safe in the Dead Sea. B．The Dead Sea is dangerous for people who can’t swim. C．People feel scared when swimming in the Dead Sea. D．A life buoy is necessary when swimming in the Dead Sea. B Jane Goodall is a famous scientist. For more than 40 years, Goodall lived mostly in Tanzania in East Africa, studying chimpanzees (黑猩猩). As a young child, Jane Goodall was interested in animals. She grew up in the English countryside and was always climbing trees or riding horses. When Jane was 23, she got a chance to go to Africa. Even though she had never been to college, she got a job with a famous scientist named Louis Leakey. One day Louis Leakey said he needed a volunteer. He needed someone to go to a lake in Tanzania to study a kind of chimpanzee. Jane was excited. On July 16, 1960, she began her exploration (探索). At first, the chimpanzees ran away from Jane. But with time passing, they got used to her being around. Every day, Jane would follow the chimpanzees, taking notes on their behavior. She learned many new things about chimpanzees. She watched how a chimpanzee made a tool. She learned how some chimpanzees became good leaders. She watched how mother chimpanzees raised their children. She watched animals get angry and get upset. She wrote everything down so others would understand animals as she did. She learned that if you pay really close attention to animals, you will understand what they are “saying”.​ 16．What is the correct order of the following according to the passage? a. Jane went to Africa. b. Jane started her exploration. c. Jane worked with Louis Leakey. d. Jane was born in the countryside. e. Jane followed chimpanzees. A．d—a—e—b—c B．b—a—c—d—e C．a—d—c—b—e D．d—a—c—b—e 17．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 mean? A．Give in. B．Set off. C．Bring up. D．Put up. 18．Jane ________ the chimpanzees’ behavior to help others understand them. A．wrote down B．took pictures of C．made videos of D．drew pictures about 19．From the passage we can infer (推断) that ________. A．mother chimpanzees raise their children B．people can communicate with animals C．animals don’t get excited D．chimpanzees make tools 20．What is the best title of the passage? A．Jane Goodall’s College Life B．Jane Goodall’s Family C．Jane Goodall, a Famous Scientist D．Jane Goodall and Louis Leakey C Do you know the job of a travel experience officer (旅行体验官)? It’s an interesting and cool job. Travel experience officers go to different places. They try many things, such as comfortable hotels and delicious food. They do many activities, like hiking in the mountains, sailing on the sea, or joining festivals. Then they share their real feelings with others. They use words, pictures, or videos. This helps people plan trips better, like where to stay and what to see. To do this job, you don’t need a good education, but love for travelling. You should know different travel styles, from cheap trips to expensive vacations. Good writing skills help you describe your experiences clearly. Basic photo or video skills let you show how beautiful places are. You must notice small things, like a hotel’s service or the best time to visit a tourist spot. Record every great moment during the trip to write in a lively way. Last but not least, this job also needs a healthy body. Why is this job great? Because every trip is a new experience. One day you might wake up by the sea, and the next day you might climb an ancient mountain. You’ll meet friends from other countries, learn about their cultures, and see amazing views. It’s a wonderful way to see the world and share happy stories and useful tips. However, the job is not always easy. It has its difficulties. Bad weather or transport (交通) problems may happen. You must deal with any problem. If you are curious about new things, love travelling and enjoy sharing, this job could be perfect for you. What a cool way to turn your love for travelling into a meaningful job! 21．How does the writer begin the text? A．By asking a question. B．By telling a story. C．By using a saying. D．By listing numbers. 22．The job of a travel experience officer needs________. ①writing skills ②a good education ③photo or video skills ④a healthy body A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④ 23．The job of a travel experience officer is great because________. A．it doesn’t need people to go out B．it can make a lot of money C．every trip is a new experience D．it’s always easy and comfortable 24．What can we infer from the passage? A．The job is tiring but interesting. B．Anyone can do the job without hard work. C．The job is only for young people. D．Travel experience officers never meet problems. 25．What is the passage mainly about? A．Some tips on planning a perfect trip. B．An introduction to the job of a travel experience officer. C．The challenges of travelling to different countries. D．Advice on becoming a famous travel blogger. D Do you want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face. Compared to unhappy people, those who are happy are less likely (可能的) to suffer from colds, according to a new study. “It’s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses,” said the researchers from New York University. “It seems that positive feelings may reduce the danger of illness,” said the study’s leader (首席) researcher Sheldon Cohen. In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were happy and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill. In this new study, Cohen’s team interviewed 193 people every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about the happy or sad feelings they had that day. After two weeks, the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for seven days. The result showed that everyone in the study was equally (同等地) likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research time, their illness was less serious and lasted for a shorter time. Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may make a kind of thing in the body that helps fight illness. So if you are worried about your health, look on the bright side more often. 26．According to the study, who is less likely to suffer from colds? A．People who are happy. B．People who are unhappy. C．People who exercise more. D．People who often try new things. 27．What does the underlined word “interviewed” probably mean? A．Shut…away. B．Pushed…hard. C．Asked…questions. D．Watched…carefully. 28．How long did the new study last in total? A．For a month. B．For three weeks. C．For two weeks. D．For seven days. 29．What was the result of the new study? A．Happy people didn’t get sick. B．Unhappy people got sick less. C．Everyone felt happy during the research. D．Happy people got less sick and got well faster. 30．What does the writer want to tell us through the text? A．There is a new study about health. B．A new kind of medicine can treat colds. C．Positive feelings may help us stay healthier. D．We should pay attention to our daily feelings. 第三部分 信息还原（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读下面短文，从方框中所给的A、B、C、D、E、F、G七个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 (有两项为多余选项)，使短文意思通顺、前后连贯。 There are a lot of things we can do to help our friends and family. Sometimes even a little help may make them feel great. 31 ★Ask what you can do to help. Talk to family members or friends and ask what they most need help with and just help them do it. 32 You should show you’re always caring about them. ★ Listen. Very often people just need someone to listen to them with kindness. When someone is telling you about himself or herself, don’t interrupt (打断) him or her with your own feelings, thoughts, and stories. 33 It is a kind of great help. ★ Offer to do jobs or chores. When someone is busy with tiring jobs or chores, he or she needs more help. Find out what your family or friends are busy with and spend some time giving them a hand. 34 　 ★ 35 Sometimes people feel cut off from their family or friends. In this situation, just let the friend or the family member know you’re thinking of him or her and that he or she is important to you. It doesn’t have to be a big, expensive thing; something small such as a greeting (问候) card or an email will be fine. A．Because of your help, they’ll relax and thank you so much. B．Show you’re caring about them. C．Give them advice when they are sad. D．Just try to be a good listener. E．Don’t keep waiting until they tell you about their problems. F．What can we do? G．Send expensive gifts or money to show you care. 第四部分 词汇运用（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 第一节 根据下列句子所给汉语注释或首字母，写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。 36．My dad will buy a new _________ (材料) to fix the broken chair this weekend. 37．Be careful with the  ________ (滚热的) water in the kettle (壶)—it may burn you. 38．He just wondered _________ (是否) he could return to his hometown someday or not. 39．The family has paid a lot for the house, so they can’t ________ (买得起) such an expensive car. 40．As a ________ (导演), you are the leader to guide your actors and actresses like a team. 41．We can’t hear what he said c________ because he spoke too fast. 42．She felt a lot of p________ to do well on the test. 43．Listen carefully in class, or you’ll f________ your exam. 44．She felt d__________ when she heard the bad news. 45．According to the l________, you mustn’t steal things. 阅读下面的短文,根据短文内容,从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词,必要时进行词形变化和时态变化,填入空白处。 play   be   protect  solve    feel    set   bully (欺凌)  write  give  realize   listen A shy boy in Xi’an is a responsible class monitor. In his third grade, he 46 because his classmates 47 “Joker” on his uniform while he 48 to the teacher carefully. He 49 terrible, but he didn’t speak to his mother until two days later. He decided 50 the problem himself. At a class meeting, he stood calmly before the class and asked them how they’d feel if laughed at like that. He reminded everyone that he always tried his best 51 the class as monitor. What a brave and wise way! His words moved the bullies to tears, and they finally 52 their mistakes. The teacher praised him for 53 an example in facing bullying. His mother shared his courage online. Since then, the support for the boy 54 greater than expected. The video received over two million likes. Many people thanked the teacher and mother for supporting him. Certainly, the boy’s story 55 a role in encouraging more children to solve problems in a brave way in the future. 第五部分 短文填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读短文，在空白处填一个适当的单词或用所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺，连贯。 A young man surnamed Yang from Zhengzhou, Henan Province has become famous online 56 his special-shaped shaobing. So far, he 57 (gain) over 400,000 followers. Yang, a young postgraduate (研究生), started his shaobing business after 58 (leave) his old job. He shapes the dough (生面团) into different forms, such as guns and popular cartoon characters like Labubu and Hello Kitty. His shaobing is especially popular among children. Every day, a long line forms as soon as he opens for business. Some 59 (elder) customers even wait up to two hours to buy his creations for their grandchildren. What began as a special request (请求) from 60 child has become very popular. Each piece is made 61 (careful) using only a knife—a skill he believes comes from the spatial (空间的) imagination he developed during 62 (he) engineering studies. Surprisingly, Yang sells each shaobing for just 1 yuan, even though they have wonderful designs. “I first sold them for 3 to 5 yuan, but I 63 (lower) the price to make them more affordable for children,” Yang said. Many people praise his creativity, 64 some other people ask whether it is a waste of educational resources (资源) for postgraduates to sell food on the street. Yang explained, “Traditional civil engineering (土木工程) doesn’t fit me. Instead, with shaobing, I’ve gained creative freedom and a sense of achievement.” His response (回应) is supported by many young people who are finding 65 (successful) in new ways. 第6部分 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。 Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert covers 30 per cent of the whole continent. Known as “the great desert” in Arabic, it is about 9 million square kilometres in size, with a history of over 4.6 million years, making it one of the oldest places in the world. As the world’s largest hot desert, the Sahara is extremely dry and hot all year round. However, not all deserts are hot. For example, scientists regard Antarctica as a typical cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky land. Besides, it also has grasslands, lakes, mountains and sand seas, which look like endless oceans of sand. When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. Around 2 million people live in this area. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Few animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels can live for a long time without water, and can drink over 100 litres of water in just 13 minutes. Fennec foxes have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. Today, the Sahara is getting even bigger. It is 10 per cent larger than it was a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures, the desert will keep growing! 66．How old is the Sahara Desert according to the passage? 67．Where can some people live all year round in the Sahara? 68．What special ability do fennec foxes have to live in the hot desert? 69．Why is the Sahara Desert becoming bigger and bigger these days? 70．What can we humans do to stop the desert from growing? 第7部分 书面表达（共1题；满分25分） 71．当虬枝在电锯声中轰然倒地，年轮里凝固的千年月光便永远失去了倾泻的窗口。树木是大地写给天空的诗行，每一圈年轮都是自然用慢镜头拍摄的纪录片，记录着候鸟的轨迹、土壤的絮语与星斗的位移。然而，现代城市却在上演着荒诞的绿色悖论——百年古树被移植。保护树木需要重建“年轮思维”。假设你是李辉，学校环保社团正在举行“保护树木，爱护地球”为主题的活动，发表一篇有关“如何保护树木”的倡议信，内容包括： (1)保护树木的原因 (2)保护树木的具体措施(至少3个措施) (3)倡议保护树木 注意：(1)词数80～100，开头已给出，不计入总词数； (2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； (3)文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。 Dear students, Trees are our friends. They are very important. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案及试题解析 1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了处理负面情绪的三种方法：与人沟通（包括换位思考、原谅或道歉）、看到事物积极的一面、保持活跃做喜欢的事，从而保持积极心态。 【解析】1．句意：但是你如何应对这些情绪并保持积极？ 根据上文列出负面情绪，下文给出建议，空格应填与“负面”相反的词，positive“积极的”符合语境。excited侧重兴奋，与情绪管理无关；mad为负面词；relaxed虽可但不如positive直接对应主题“保持积极”。 2．句意：首先，当你有了负面情绪，不要把自己封闭起来。 上文“Emotions are a normal part of our lives”及本句“negative”提示填emotions。results“结果”、orders“命令”、scores“分数”均与情绪无关。 3．句意：试着换位思考，理解他们为什么那样表现。 朋友说了伤人的话，理解其行为原因，behaved“表现”符合。decided“决定”需接宾语；repeated“重复”与语境无关；followed“跟随”搭配不当。 4．句意：如果是他们的过错，原谅他们并温和地建议。 上文“hurtful”和“not on purpose”暗示过错，fault“过错”正确。purpose“目的”、plan“计划”、standard“标准”均不合。 5．句意：原谅他人不仅帮助减少一半的愤怒，还让你成为善良的人。 上文“forgive them”直接提示Forgiving。Pushing、Encouraging、Believing均无法对应“原谅”。 6．句意：如果你错了，要真诚地道歉。 与前文“如果是对方的过错则原谅”形成对比，自己错了应道歉，apologize正确。cry“哭”、advise“建议”、control“控制”不符。 7．句意：即使没有获奖，要为你获得的经验而感激。 上文“look on the bright side”，从失败中找到值得感激之处，thankful“感激的”正确。helpful“有帮助的”主语常为物；harmful/painful均为负面词汇。 8．句意：你从经验中学到的东西才要紧。 根据“. Remember, the present or the award isn’t important.”可知，不重要的是奖项，重要的是学到的东西”，matters“重要”正确。cares需加about；clears“清理”；inspires“激励”均不符。 9．句意：最后，保持积极，做你喜欢的事。 文章结构“First, Second,”后接最后一点，Lastly“最后”符合。Sadly/Nervously/Luckily偏离逻辑。 10．句意：你的父母也总是为你骄傲，尽管你不完美。 前后为让步关系，即：尽管你不完美，但是你的父母也会为你感到骄傲，though“尽管”正确。if“如果”表条件；when表示时间；until表示“直到”，均不符合。 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了死海的地理位置、形态属性、高盐度的形成原因、名字的由来以及死海独特的漂浮特性和旅游价值。 【解析】11．第二段明确指出：“The Dead Sea is located in Southwest Asia.”，直接说明死海的地理位置在亚洲西南。 12．第四段解释死海高盐的原因：“Each year, it receives very little rainfall, and only a small amount of freshwater flows into it. And the hot weather around the Dead Sea causes the freshwater to evaporate quickly”，可知极少的降雨量和淡水快速蒸发是死海含盐量极高的原因。 13．第五段点明死海名字的由来：“The high salt concentration makes it impossible for them to live there. That’s actually why it’s called the Dead Sea.”，说明高盐环境导致动植物无法生存，所以被叫做死海。 14．最后一段提到即便不会游泳，在死海里也不会溺水，不需要救生圈，结合高盐海水的特性可推测，“float”指人在水面上悬浮、漂着，对应词义为漂浮。 15．最后一段关键内容：“Even if you fall into the Dead Sea and can’t swim, you won’t die. The high concentration of salt in the Dead Sea allows anyone to float well”，可推断出不会游泳的人在死海里也依然安全，其余选项均与原文内容相悖。 16．D 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．C 【导语】本文讲述了著名科学家珍·古道尔的生平，介绍了她从童年对动物感兴趣，到前往非洲研究黑猩猩、记录它们行为的经历。 【解析】16．事件顺序为：d. Jane was born in the countryside → a. Jane went to Africa → c. Jane worked with Louis Leakey → b. Jane started her exploration → e. Jane followed chimpanzees，对应选项D（d—a—c—b—e）。 17．文中句子“She watched how mother chimpanzees raised their children.”中，“raised”意为“抚养、养育”，与选项C“Bring up（养育）”意思一致。 18．文中最后一段提到“She wrote everything down so others would understand animals as she did.”，说明珍·古道尔记录下黑猩猩的行为，以帮助他人理解它们，对应选项A。 19．由文中“if you pay really close attention to animals, you will understand what they are ‘saying’”可推断人们能够与动物交流，故选B。 20．全文围绕珍·古道尔这位著名科学家的经历展开，因此最佳标题是“Jane Goodall, a Famous Scientist”，对应选项C。 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B 【导语】本文介绍了旅行体验官这一职业，包括其工作内容、所需技能、优缺点，是一份将旅行爱好转化为有意义工作的职业介绍短文。 【解析】21．开头以“Do you know the job of a travel experience officer”一个问句引入主题，属于“以提问开头”的方式，对应A选项“By asking a question.”。 22．第二段“Good writing skills”; “Basic photo or video skills”以及“needs a healthy body.”等内容指出了旅行体验官这一职业所需要的技能，对应选项D。 23．第三段“Why is this job great? Because every trip is a new experience.”指出这份工作很棒的原因是“每次旅行都是一次全新的体验”。 24．第三段“It's a wonderful way to see the world”和“However, the job is not always easy. It has its difficulties.”指出这份工作既精彩又充满困难，对应A选项“The job is tiring but interesting.”。 25．全文围绕旅行体验官的工作内容、要求、优缺点展开介绍。核心要点就是介绍旅行体验官这一职业，对应B选项“An introduction to the job of a travel experience officer.”。 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．D 30．C 【导语】本文介绍一项科学研究：乐观开朗的人更不易感冒，即便生病，症状也更轻、恢复得更快。研究表明积极情绪能帮助身体抵御疾病，文章最后呼吁人们多保持乐观心态，守护自身健康。 【解析】26．第二段第一句“Compared to unhappy people, those who are happy are less likely (可能的) to suffer from colds, according to a new study.”说明快乐的人更不容易患感冒。 27．第五段“In this new study, Cohen’s team interviewed 193 people every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers about the happy or sad feelings they had that day.”说明研究人员是通过询问来获取信息的，因此“interviewed”意为“采访、询问”，即“Asked…questions”。 28．第五段“In this new study, Cohen’s team interviewed 193 people every day for two weeks.”说明每天采访193人，持续两周；第六段“After two weeks, the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for seven days.”说明两周后，人们感染感冒病毒，并不得不独自在房间里待七天，可知，研究总时长为采访的两周加上隔离观察的七天，即14天+7天=21天，共三周。 29．第七段“The result showed that everyone in the study was equally (同等地) likely to get ill. But for people who said they felt happy during the research time, their illness was less serious and lasted for a shorter time.”说明快乐的人生病程度较轻且恢复更快。 30．通读全文，文章主要通过一项研究说明了积极情绪可以帮助身体抵抗疾病，减轻病情。文章最后一句“So if you are worried about your health, look on the bright side more often.”也总结了这一观点。因此作者想告诉我们积极的情绪可能帮助我们保持健康。 31．F 32．E 33．D 34．A 35．B 【导语】本文介绍了帮助朋友和家人的几种具体方法，包括主动询问、倾听、帮忙做事以及表达关心。 【解析】31．前文说“有时即使一点小小的帮助也能让他们感觉很好”，后文列举了几种帮助方式。此处应引出“我们能做些什么？”这一问题。选项F“What can we do?”起到承上启下的作用，自然引出后文的具体建议。 32．前文建议与家人或朋友沟通，询问他们最需要什么帮助，后文说“你应该表现出你一直在关心他们”。此处应强调不要等到他们主动说出问题才去帮忙。选项E“Don’t keep waiting until they tell you about their problems.”与前后文逻辑一致，说明要主动关心。 33．前文说当别人讲述自己的事情时，不要用自己的感受、想法和故事打断对方，后文说“这是一种很大的帮助”。此处应建议做一个好的倾听者。选项D“Just try to be a good listener.”与前后文衔接自然，概括了本段的核心建议。 34．前文说找出家人或朋友在忙什么，花时间帮他们一把，后文应说明这样做的效果。选项A“Because of your help, they’ll relax and thank you so much.”描述了帮助后对方的感受和反应，使段落完整。 35．此处为段落主旨句。后文说有时人们感觉与家人或朋友疏远，此时只需要让对方知道你在想念他、他很重要。选项B“Show you’re caring about them.”概括了本段的核心内容，即表达关心。 36．material 【解析】句意：这周末我爸爸会买新材料来修理那把坏掉的椅子。空格处在不定冠词a和形容词new后，需用可数名词单数形式作宾语。“材料”译为material，符合句意。 37．boiling 【解析】句意：小心壶里滚烫的水——它可能会烫伤你。“滚热的”对应英文单词boiling，boiling water是固定搭配，专指“滚烫的、沸腾的水”，和句子语境（会烫伤人）完全吻合。 38．whether 【解析】句意：他只是想知道他是否有一天能回到家乡。本句是宾语从句，表示“是否”的连词有if和whether，但whether直接搭配句中的or not使用。 39．afford 【解析】句意：这个家庭为房子已经花了很多钱，所以他们买不起这么贵的汽车。中文“买得起”提示单词是afford，情态动词can’t后用动词原形。 40．director 【解析】句意：作为一名导演，你是带领演员们像团队一样协作的领导者。空格前有不定冠词a，需要填入一个可数名词单数。中文提示“导演”对应的英文单词是director，意为“导演；指挥者”，与后文“guide your actors and actresses （指导男女演员） ”的语境契合，故填director。 41．clearly/learly 【解析】句意：我们听不清他说什么，因为他说得太快了。根据“because he spoke too fast”可知，此处是表达“听不清楚”，修饰动词hear“听”，用副词，结合首字母提示可知，clearly符合语境，意为“清楚地；清晰地”。 42．pressure/ressure 【解析】句意：为了在考试中考出好成绩，她感到了很大的压力。该处需一个名词，在句中作动词felt的宾语；根据空后“to do well on the test”提示语义与“压力”相关。结合首字母“p”，且pressure作“压力”讲时为不可数名词，故填pressure。 43．fail/ail 【解析】句意：上课认真听讲，否则你考试会不及格。根据首字母提示和“Listen carefully in class”可知，此处表示上课要认真听讲，否则会考试不及格。fail the exam意为“考试不及格”。 44．disappointed/isappointed 【解析】句意：当她听到这个坏消息时，她感到很失望。根据首字母“d”及“when she heard the bad news”提示，这里表示感到失望，“感到失望的”为形容词disappointed，作表语。 45．law/aw 【解析】句意：根据法律规定，你禁止偷盗他人财物。“you mustn’t steal things”以及首字母提示可知，“禁止偷盗他人财物”是法律规则，固定搭配：according to the law“根据法律”。 46．was bullied 47．wrote 48．was listening 49．felt 50．to solve 51．to protect 52．realized 53．setting 54．has been 55．will play 【导语】本文讲述了西安一名男孩曾遭同学欺凌，但他没有退缩，独自冷静化解矛盾、感化同学。他勇敢理智的做法受到老师表扬和网友点赞，也将鼓励更多孩子勇敢正确地面对欺凌问题。 【解析】46．句意：三年级时，他被欺凌了，因为他的同学在他认真听老师讲课时在他的校服上写了“小丑”。此处主语“he”与“bully”是被动关系，且描述过去的事，用一般过去时的被动语态“was bullied”，符合“被欺凌”的语境。 47．句意：三年级时，他被欺凌了，因为他的同学在他认真听老师讲课时在他的校服上写了“小丑”。此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，write的过去式wrote“写”符合“在校服上写字”的语境。 48．句意：三年级时，他被欺凌了，因为他的同学在他认真听老师讲课时在他的校服上写了“小丑”。“while”引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语“he”是单数，此处用listen的现在分词listening。 49．句意：他感觉很糟糕，但直到两天后才告诉妈妈。描述过去的感受，用一般过去时，feel的过去式felt“感觉”符合语境。 50．句意：他决定自己解决这个问题。“decide to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“决定做某事”，solve“解决”符合“自己解决欺凌问题”的语境，此处用动词不定式。 51．句意：他提醒大家，作为班长，他总是尽力保护班级。“try one’s best to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“尽力去做某事”，protect“保护”符合“班长的职责”的语境。此处用动词不定式。 52．句意：他的话让欺凌者感动得流泪，他们终于意识到了自己的错误。此处描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，realize的过去式realized“意识到”符合“认识到错误”的语境。 53．句意：老师表扬他在面对欺凌时树立了榜样。“praise sb. for doing sth.”是固定结构，set an example“树立榜样”符合语境，此处用set的动名词setting。 54．句意：从那以后，对这个男孩的支持比预期的更大。“Since then”提示用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“the support”是单数，be的过去分词been，应填has been。 55．句意：当然，这个男孩的故事将在未来鼓励更多孩子勇敢解决问题方面发挥作用。“in the future”提示用一般将来时，“play a role in”是固定短语，此处用will play“将发挥”。 56．for 57．has gained 58．leaving 59．elderly 60．a 61．carefully 62．his 63．lowered 64．but 65．success 【导语】本文讲述了河南郑州一位名叫杨的年轻研究生辞去原工作后，凭借手工制作的创意造型烧饼走红网络的故事，展现了他对职业道路的独特选择与坚持。 【解析】56．句意：一位来自河南郑州姓杨的年轻人因其特殊造型的烧饼而在网上走红。这些特殊造型正是他走红的原因，故填入介词for表示原因。 57．句意：到目前为止，他已经获得了超过40万粉丝。标志词“So far”提示用现在完成时，主语he为第三人称单数，gain的过去分词为gained，应填has gained。 58．句意：杨是一名年轻的研究生，他在辞去原来的工作后开始了他的烧饼生意。介词after后需接动名词作宾语，leave的动名词形式为leaving。 59．句意：一些年长的顾客甚至愿意等上两个小时来为他们的孙子孙女购买他的创意作品。elder“年龄较大的”主要用于家庭成员之间表示“年长的”，此处修饰customers（顾客）需用elderly，表示“年迈的、上了年纪的”。 60．句意：起初只是来自一个孩子的特殊请求，后来变得非常受欢迎。此处泛指“一个孩子”，child以辅音音素开头，应填a。 61．句意：每一块烧饼都是精心制作的，只用一把刀——他认为这项技能来自于他工程学习期间培养的空间想象力。修饰动词made需用副词，careful的副词形式为carefully，意为“精心地”。 62．句意：每一块烧饼都是精心制作的，只用一把刀——他认为这项技能来自于他工程学习期间培养的空间想象力。修饰名词studies需用形容词性物主代词，he的形容词性物主代词为his。 63．句意：“我最初卖3到5元一个，但为了让孩子更能买得起，我降低了价格，”杨说。根据上下文，降低价格是已经发生的动作，用一般过去时，lower的过去式为lowered。 64．句意：许多人赞扬他的创造力，但也有一些其他人质疑研究生在街上卖食物是否是浪费教育资源。前句是正面赞扬，后句是负面质疑，是两种截然不同的观点，所以前后句为转折关系，应填but。 65．句意：他的回应得到了许多正在以新方式寻找成功的年轻人的支持。动名词finding后需接名词作宾语，successful的名词形式为success，意为“成功”。 66．It is over 4.6 million years old. 67．They can live in the places with water in the Sahara. 68．They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. 69．Because of climate change. (The rising temperatures, less rain, smaller water bodies and drier land make it grow.) 70．We can plant more trees, save water and take actions to slow down climate change. 【导语】本文介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积、气候、地貌、居民、动物以及沙漠扩张的原因。 【解析】66．第一段提到撒哈拉沙漠已有超过460万年的历史“with a history of over 4.6 million years”，答案是原文直接信息。 67．第四段提到撒哈拉沙漠有一些地方有水，有些人全年居住在那里“There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round”，答案是原文直接信息。 68．第五段提到耳廓狐有大耳朵来帮助身体保持凉爽“Fennec foxes have large ears to help their bodies stay cool”，答案是原文直接信息。 69．最后一段提到撒哈拉沙漠扩张的部分原因是气候变化“part of the reason is climate change”，答案是原文直接信息。 70．开放题，答案不唯一。需结合沙漠扩张的原因（如气候变化、干旱等），提出阻止沙漠扩大的措施，合理即可。 71．One possible version: Dear students, Trees are our friends. They are very important. Trees can help clean air and they are important environmental guardians. Trees provide fruit, wood and other things for people and make people’s life more convenient. We must know the importance of trees. We should take action to protect trees. We must stop cutting down trees. We should not use one-off chopsticks and we should save paper. We can also plant more trees around our city. When we go out, we should ride bicycles or take a bus. Let’s protect trees and the environment. To protect trees is to protect ourselves. 【解析】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇倡议书，围绕“保护树木，爱护地球”主题展开； ②时态：以一般现在时为主，阐述树木的重要性、保护措施并发出倡议； ③提示：写作要点明确，需包含“保护树木的原因、具体保护措施、倡议保护树木”三部分。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接开头，阐述保护树木的原因，说明树木在净化空气、提供资源、守护环境等方面的重要作用； 第二步，列举具体保护措施，如停止乱砍滥伐、拒绝一次性筷子、节约用纸、植树造林、绿色出行等； 第三步，发出倡议，升华主题，强调保护树木就是保护人类自身，呼吁大家共同行动。 [亮点词汇] ①environmental guardians环境守护者 ②take action采取行动 ③cut down砍伐 ④one-off chopsticks一次性筷子 [高分句型] ①Trees can help clean air and they are important environmental guardians.（并列句，点明树木的核心作用） ②We should not use one-off chopsticks and we should save paper.（并列谓语，提出具体生活中的保护行动） ③To protect trees is to protect ourselves.（不定式作主语，升华倡议主题） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $