精品解析：上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一第二学期期中考试英语试题

2024学年高一第二学期期中考试英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied. C. Bored. D. Exhausted. 2. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10. 3. A. A cook. B. A shop assistant. C. A saleswoman. D. A waitress. 4. A. At a gas station. B. In a work shop. C. At an art gallery. D. In a department store. 5. A. He hasn’t had a chance to meet Kathy yet. B. Kathy had already told him the news. C. He didn’t know that Kathy was being moved. D. His new office will be located in New York. 6. A. The woman wants to go to Toronto. B. The man wants to go to Vancouver. C. There are no flights to Toronto. D. There are two direct flights to Toronto. 7. A. She should do more careful work. B. She is not concerned about George’s remarks. C. George does not care about her. D. George shouldn’t have said much about her. 8. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip. B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money. C. She doesn’t think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip. D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money. 9. A. Playing tennis. B. Writing a term paper. C. Gathering materials. D. Holding a meeting. 10. A. The man was seriously injured in the car accident. B. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident. C. The man wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened. D. The man’s daughter advised him to wear the seat belt before he left home. Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Future researchers. B. College students. C. Company employees. D. Successful artists. 12. A. To teach the listeners how to work hard. B. To enable the listeners to get better salaries. C. To prepare the listeners to get better jobs. D. To encourage the listeners to seize opportunities. 13. A. Kindness. B. Diligence. C. Willingness. D. Interest. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit. C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly. 15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory. C. Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people needn’t concentrate on it. 16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people’s life. C. It can make people’s hearts stronger. D. It helps prevent cancers. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He has just been back from South America. B. He has been burnt for a few hours. C. He has been surfing the Internet for long. D. He has been doing school work all night. 18. A. To look for something interesting for pleasure. B. To meet new friends in the net chatroom. C. To release pressure from heavy work. D. To look for information for his project. 19. A. Quite a few sites are just old event calendars. B. It’s a waste of time to surf the Internet. C. A lot of information can be found. D. A lot of friends can be made on the Internet. 20. A. People spend much time talking about other interests. B. It takes long to find things because of many useless sites. C. It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom. D. It’s hardly the best source of information available. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (42’) Section A (12’) Directions: After reading the sentence or the passage, fill in the blanks by using the given word in the bracket to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Chinese Taijiquan is a traditional martial art ____1____ (bear) in the village of Chenjiagou in Henan Province in the mid-17th century. It is now a popular form of exercise ____2____ is practiced by over 100 million people in more than 150 countries and regions. There are five major schools of Taijiquan — Chen, Yang, Wu (Hao), Wu, and Sun (陈式、杨式、武/郝式、吴式、孙式). These styles were named after the masters or their families who popularized them. ____3____ each school has its own characteristics, the basic principles remain the same. In China, Taijiquan has entered schools and various communities. People of all ages practice the sport in parks, squares, and even on the sides of the road. Generally, they practice ____4____ simple routine called Bafa Wubu, namely eight techniques and five steps. It was developed ____5____ (base) on the five major styles. Taijiquan’s growing popularity can be partly explained by its health benefits. Its slow, gentle movements promote the harmony of mind and body, ____6____ (improve) mobility, suppleness(柔韧性), and mental alertness. Studies also suggest that regular practice ____7____ lower blood pressure, reduce anxiety, and benefit the immune system. In addition, it is said to be beneficial to the digestive, cardiovascular (心血管的) and respiratory (呼吸的) systems. Taijiquan is one of ____8____ (important) wushu events promoted by the International Wushu Federation. Since 2014, the organization ____9____ (hold) the World Taijiquan Championships every two years. This provides an opportunity _____10_____ Taijiquan enthusiasts around the world to communicate with each other. In recent years, this sport has also seen increased global recognition. In January 2020, it was included _____11_____ a medal sport at the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games. Taijiquan is not just a sport for fitness, _____12_____ an embodiment(体现) of Chinese culture and philosophy. As efforts continue to be made to promote it, this gem of Chinese cultural heritage is sure to shine on a bigger stage. 【答案】1. born 2. that##which 3. Although##Though##While 4. a 5. based 6. improving 7. can 8. the most important 9. has held 10. for 11. as 12. but 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍太极拳起源于河南陈家沟，分为五大流派，如今风靡全球。它兼具健身功效，承载着中国文化与哲学内涵，国际影响力也在不断提升。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国太极拳是十七世纪中叶发源于河南省陈家沟的传统武术。martial art与bear之间为被动关系，用过去分词born作后置定语。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：如今它是一种流行的运动方式，在一百五十多个国家和地区有超过一亿人练习。先行词为exercise，指物，关系词在限制性定语从句中作主语，可用that或which。 【3题详解】 考查让步状语从句连词。句意：虽然各个流派各具特色，但基本要义保持一致。前后分句为让步关系，填Although/Though/While，句首首字母大写。 【4题详解】 考查冠词。句意：通常，人们练习一套名为八法五步的简易套路。routine为可数名词单数，表泛指，simple以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这套套路基于五大流派发展而来。固定搭配be based on表示“基于”，此处省略be动词，用based作状语。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：舒缓柔和的动作能实现身心合一，提升肢体灵活性、柔韧性并增强思维敏锐度。前文内容与improve为主动关系，用现在分词improving作结果状语。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：研究也表明，坚持练习能够降低血压、缓解焦虑，对免疫系统有益。结合语境，此处表示“能够”，空处需填情态动词can。 【8题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：太极拳是国际武术联合会主推的最重要武术项目之一。固定结构one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，important的最高级为the most important。 【9题详解】 考查时态。句意：自二零一四年起，该组织每两年举办一届世界太极拳锦标赛。since引导时间状语，主句使用现在完成时，主语the organization为单数，用has held。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：这为全球太极拳爱好者提供了交流的机会。固定搭配provide sth. for sb.表示“为某人提供某物”。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：二零二零年一月，太极拳被列为二零二六年达喀尔青奥会正式奖牌项目。固定搭配be included as表示“被列为、被当作”。 【12题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：太极拳不只是一项健身运动，更是中国文化与哲学的体现。固定句型not just...but...表示“不仅……而且……”。 Section B (30’) Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (A) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Time: is there ever enough of it? In today's modern world, most of us are ___13___with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home. But why do we still feel busier? A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth" of being busy suggests that while ___14___brought us convenience, it also brought us new headaches. Consider the idea of FOMO (fear of missing out). Knowing exactly what we're missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the ___15___ of our time and our ability to use it effectively. While being informed is important, it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times. If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter, turn off the phone and take a mental break. Practice JOMO (joy of missing out), a(n) ___16___on life that's a direct contradiction to FOMO. Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds" and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment. Another thing technology has ___17___ us is the blurring (难以区分)between work and downtime. While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it's also harder to turn off at the end of the day. Always being "on" is a(n) ___18___state of mind. Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed. Of course, if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck, working long hours has long been a ___19___ strategy. But if you don't have passion for your job or care about what you do, you might just be working yourself into more ___20___. People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion. If most of the hours are spent doing something you don't feel ___21___about, it's no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time. Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress. Therefore, your time management goal shouldn't be to figure out how to do more, but _____22_____to figure out how to want less. 【答案】13. J 14. A 15. E 16. H 17. G 18. K 19. I 20. B 21. F 22. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在如今的现代世界里，我们应该练习“错过的快乐”来管理时间。 【13题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：在当今的现代世界里，我们大多数人都有所谓的省时设备和技术进步，在办公室和家里的工作更少。但为什么我们还觉得更忙呢？根据“with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements”可知此处表示“享有”，be blessed with是固定短语，表示“享有”，故填J。 【14题详解】 考查名词。句意：现代化给我们带来便利的同时，也给我们带来了新的令人头痛的问题。做主语用名词，根据“time-saving devices and technological advancements”可知此处表示“现代化”，故填A。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：确切地知道我们错过了什么会让我们对时间的限制和我们有效利用时间的能力感到内疚或焦虑。做feel guilty or anxious about的宾语用名词，根据“our ability to use it effectively”可知此处表示“限制”，故填E。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：练习“错过的快乐”，一种与“错过的恐惧”完全相反的观点。做JOMO的同位语用名词，无论是“错过的快乐”还是“错过的恐惧”，都是一种观点，因此此处表示“观点”，故填H。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：科技带给我们的另一件事是工作和停工之间的模糊。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it's also harder to turn off at the end of the day.”可知此处表示“赋予”，故填G。 【18题详解】 考查形容词。句意：总是“开机”是一种令人精疲力竭的精神状态。修饰名词state of mind，根据“Always being "on"”可知此处表示“精疲力竭的”，故填K。 【19题详解】 考查形容词。句意：当然，如果你想升职，获得更高的薪水，长时间工作一直是一种有利的策略。修饰名词strategy用形容词，根据“if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck,”可知此处表示“有利的”，favored是过去分词转化而来的形容词，表示“有利的”，故填I。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：但如果你对自己的工作没有激情，也不在乎自己做了什么，你可能只是让自己陷入更多的痛苦之中。做介词into的宾语用名词，根据“But if you don't have passion for your job or care about what you do”可知此处表示“痛苦”，故填B。 【21题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果大部分时间花在做一些你没有热情的事情上，难怪你开始感到失控和焦虑。做feel的表语用形容词，根据上文中的“passion”可知此处表示“充满热情的”，故填F。 【22题详解】 考查副词。句意：因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，反而是找出如何想要的更少。根据“to figure out how to want less”可知此处表示“反而”，故填C。 (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. challenging B. costly C. exclusion D. guaranteed E. necessarily F. performed G. scale H. similarly I. suffering J. tracked K. vain Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a ____23____ from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they ____24____ worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and ____25____ their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the ____26____ of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in ____27____, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full , potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over ____28____ experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, centers on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than ____29____ bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, ____30____ make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a ____31____ life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the ____32____ we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” 【答案】23. G 24. F 25. J 26. C 27. K 28. A 29. D 30. E 31. B 32. I 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了幸福多总是比幸福少的问题，解释了相关的研究，指出只追求幸福而不追求其他目标——即所谓的心理享乐主义——不仅是徒劳的，而且可能会让你的生活无法充分发挥你的潜力，你不愿冒险，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。 【23题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员要求大学生在 “不快乐”到 “非常快乐” 的范围内对他们的感受进行评分并将结果与学业和社交结果进行比较。由空前on a可知设空处填名词单数形式作宾语，根据“from “unhappy” to “very happy””可知，名词scale“范围，程度”符合句意。故选G。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：尽管“非常快乐”的参与者拥有最好的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现却不如那些仅仅“快乐”的人。设空处作谓语，根据“worse in school”以及句意“表现”可知应填动词perform，根据上文had可知此句为一般过去时，设空处填动词过去式performed。故选F。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：然后，研究人员检查了另一项研究中的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐程度”进行了评级，并追踪了他们近20年后的收入。根据“their income nearly two decades later”以及句意“追踪”可知应填动词track，设空处与rated并列，在从句中作谓语，根据上文rated可知为一般过去时，设空处填动词过去式tracked。故选J。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：只追求幸福而不追求其他目标——即所谓的心理享乐主义——不仅是徒劳的，而且可能会让你的生活无法充分发挥你的潜力，你不愿冒险，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。根据“known as psychological hedonism”以及句意“排除”可知应填名词exclusion“排斥；排除在外”，不可数名词，作介词to宾语，to the exclusion of意为“把……排除在外”。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：只追求幸福而不追求其他目标——即所谓的心理享乐主义——不仅是徒劳的，而且可能会让你的生活无法充分发挥你的潜力，你不愿冒险，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。根据“but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full”以及句意“徒劳的”可知短语为in vain，故选K。 【28题详解】 考查形容词。句意：只追求幸福而不追求其他目标——即所谓的心理享乐主义——不仅是徒劳的，而且可能会让你的生活无法充分发挥你的潜力，你不愿冒险，你选择暂时的快乐而不是赋予生活意义的挑战经历。根据“where you choose temporary pleasures over”以及句意“挑战”可知应填形容词challenging，作定语修饰名词experiences。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这类似于对不确定性的不安会导致比肯定的坏消息更多的焦虑。根据“This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than”以及句意“肯定的”可知应填形容词guaranteed，修饰名词news作定语。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查副词。句意：当然，冒险不一定会让我们快乐。根据“However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk.(然而，把美好的事物带入你的生活，无论是爱情还是事业上的成功，通常都是有风险的)”以及句意“一定”可知应填副词necessarily，修饰动词make。故选E。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，把追求积极的感觉作为你最高或唯一的目标是一种代价高昂的生活策略。根据“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”以及句意“高昂的”可知应填形容词costly作定语，故选B。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家保罗·布鲁姆所写的那样，“我们选择的苦难为我们提供了获得快乐、意义和个人成长的最多机会。”根据“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life.(无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲许多美好生活的元素)”以及句意“苦难”可知应填名词suffering，作主语，故选I。 III. Cloze (30’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats. There’s often a ____33____ left to clean up at the end. Who ____34____ most of these duties? Gallup and Cookpad conducted a worldwide survey to find out. Data from their survey of trends in home cooking show that in almost every country in the world, women cooked more than men. In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four. The ____35____, of course, leaves many women frustrated. Emily Kephart, a 41-year-old mother of two, says she enjoyed being in ____36____ of food when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation(平衡局面). “Now we have two children and two full-time jobs and I still do 100% of the grocery shopping and meal planning, and about 75% of the actual cooking or food preparation,” she says. While other duties are divided pretty ____37____, Kephart says, she still gets annoyed with her spouse: “When I’m away or have other plans, more often than not my husband gets the ‘____38____’ ticket — they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets. Why does he get the free dinner pass?” The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy. This, several Italian-American readers say, ____39____ them not one bit. “For us Italians, knowing and creating good food is a matter of extreme ____40____,” writes Gabrielle DiFonzo. “Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage. For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes. Second generation Italian-American Olivia Box spent last year in Italy, and noticed that her male cousins were always cooking and talking about food. “Cooking for Italians is not a chore; it is a part of their ____41____,” Box says. While women tend to cook more than men in the U.S., some men are starting to ____42____ the art and science of cooking as a hobby to be proud of. Lisa Kulisek from Chicago says her kids prefer her husband’s cooking. When they met, he couldn’t cook, so she taught him some ____43____. He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and ____44____ it. Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s ____45____. “Maybe we just have to ____46____ the men who are already cooking to do it more often. They might find it a great way to deal with stress while reducing their partner’s stress and ____47____ a great skill for their kids.” 33. A. gift B. mess C. tip D. warning 34. A. depends on B. longs for C. takes up D. turns down 35. A. disadvantage B. imbalance C. misunderstanding D. uncertainty 36. A. charge B. favor C. search D. pursuit 37. A. accurately B. fairly C. randomly D. strangely 38. A. cheap B. easy C. fresh D. rare 39. A. delighted B. embarrassed C. scared D. surprised 40. A. anxiety B. pressure C. pride D. gratitude 41. A. generosity B. identity C. opportunity D. personality 42. A. abandon B. embrace C. resist D. suspect 43. A. common knowledge B. gardening essentials C. cooking basics D. math principles 44. A. fallen in love with B. kept in touch with C. lost interest in D. make fun of 45. A. advice B. dream C. lead D. trouble 46. A. beg B. encourage C. force D. permit 47. A. fetching B. modeling C. ordering D. providing 【答案】33. B 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. B 38. B 39. D 40. C 41. B 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. B 【解析】 【导语】本文通过一项全球烹饪调查，讨论了多数国家家庭中男女烹饪家务分工不均的现状。 【33题详解】 考查名词。句意：最后往往还会留下一堆杂乱的东西需要清理。A. gift礼物；B. mess杂乱；C. tip建议；D. warning警告。根据上文“Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats”可知，准备家庭大餐工序繁杂，结束后会留下一片狼藉需要清理。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：谁承担了大部分这些家务呢？A. depends on依靠；B. longs for渴望；C. takes up承担；D. turns down拒绝。根据下文“women cooked more than men”可知，文章主要探讨男女各自承担烹饪家务的情况。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种失衡的状态自然让很多女性感到沮丧。A. disadvantage劣势；B. imbalance不平衡；C. misunderstanding误解；D. uncertainty不确定。根据上文“In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four”可知，男女做饭的工作量差距悬殊，存在明显的分工不平衡。 【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：一位育有两个孩子的41岁母亲艾米丽·凯普哈特说，只有她和丈夫两人生活时，她很乐意负责做饭，但有了孩子，这种平衡局面就改变了。A. charge掌管；B. favor喜爱；C. search搜寻；D. pursuit追求。根据后文“I still do 100% of the grocery shopping and meal planning, and about 75% of the actual cooking or food preparation”可知，此处表示负责打理做饭相关事宜。固定搭配“in charge of”符合句意。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：凯普哈特表示，虽然其他家务分工都相当公平，但她仍然对自己的丈夫感到不满。A. accurately准确地；B. fairly公平地；C. randomly随意地；D. strangely奇怪地。根据下文转折句“she still gets annoyed with her spouse”可知，除做饭以外的其余家务分工公平合理。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：每当我外出或有其他安排时，我丈夫往往就选择省事的方式应付吃饭——点披萨或是吃冷冻鸡块。A. cheap便宜的；B. easy轻松的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. rare稀有的。根据下文“they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets”可知，点外卖、吃冷冻速食无需亲手烹饪，是简单省事的选择。 【39题详解】 考查动词。句意：几位意裔美国读者表示，这一结果丝毫没有让他们感到意外。A. delighted使高兴；B. embarrassed使尴尬；C. scared使害怕；D. surprised使惊讶。根据下文“Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage. For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity”可知，烹饪在意大利是男性彰显魅力的活动，属于当地特色文化，因此人们对该调查结果并不意外。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于我们意大利人来说，了解并制作美食是一件极具自豪感的事。A. anxiety焦虑；B. pressure压力；C. pride自豪；D. gratitude感激。根据下文“cooking is seen as a manly activity”可知，在意大利，烹饪是彰显男性魅力、值得自豪的事情。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：对意大利人而言，做饭不是家务琐事，而是他们自身特质与文化身份的一部分。A. generosity慷慨；B. identity身份、特质；C. opportunity机会；D. personality性格。根据上文“Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage”可知，美食深深融入意大利的文化传承，成为他们的身份标识。 【42题详解】 考查动词。句意：在美国，虽然女性往往比男性做饭更多，但一些男性开始接纳烹饪技艺，将其视作值得骄傲的爱好。A. abandon放弃；B. embrace欣然接受；C. resist抗拒；D. suspect怀疑。根据下文“He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and it”可知，部分男性主动学习、热爱烹饪，开始接纳烹饪这一技艺。 【43题详解】 考查名词短语。句意：他们刚认识时，他不会做饭，于是她教了他一些烹饪基础知识。A. common knowledge常识；B. gardening essentials园艺要点；C. cooking basics烹饪基础；D. math principles数学原理。根据上文“he couldn’t cook”可知，零基础学习烹饪需要从基础的烹饪知识学起。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：从那以后，他自学了更多烹饪原理，并且深深爱上了烹饪。A. fallen in love with爱上；B. kept in touch with保持联系；C. lost interest in失去兴趣；D. make fun of取笑。根据上文“her kids prefer her husband’s cooking”可知，丈夫厨艺精湛，已然热爱上烹饪这件事。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：库利塞克希望更多男性以她的丈夫为榜样。A. advice建议；B. dream梦想；C. lead榜样；D. trouble麻烦。根据上文“he couldn’t cook, so she taught him some . He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and it”可知，丈夫从零学习烹饪、热爱下厨的行为值得他人效仿。 【46题详解】 考查动词。句意：或许我们只需要鼓励那些已经会做饭的男性，让他们更频繁地参与烹饪。A. beg乞求；B. encourage鼓励；C. force强迫；D. permit允许。根据上文“some men are starting to the art and science of cooking as a hobby to be proud of”可知，已有部分男性主动参与烹饪，只需加以引导鼓励，让其多参与家务。 【47题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们会发现这是缓解压力的好方式，既能减轻伴侣的压力，也能为孩子们树立掌握优秀技能的榜样。A. fetching取来；B. modeling树立榜样；C. ordering订购；D. providing提供。根据上文“They might find it a great way to deal with stress while reducing their partner’s stress”和下文“a great skill for their kids”可知，男性主动下厨分担家务，能为孩子树立良好的榜样。 (B) In the early 1980s, a Harvard University biologist named Edward O. Wilson proposed a theory that humans are instinctively ____48____ towards their natural surroundings. Many 21st century parents, however, would question this theory, as they watch their kids express a clear ____49____ for sitting on a couch in front of a screen over playing outside. The national panic about kids spending too much time indoors has become so ____50____ that the crisis has a name: Nature deficit disorder, which indicates kids spend significantly more time inside than outside. This ____51____ is largely due to technology. Richard Louv, author of the book Last Child in the Woods tells the story of interviewing a child who told him that he liked playing indoors more than outdoors “because that’s where all the electrical outlets are.” Increasing parental fears about diseases and dangers of playing outside — despite evidence to the ____52____ — are another big factor. And as suburbs continue to expand, nature is parceled off more, and kids seem less inclined to spend time in a fenced-in yard, ____53____ jump the fence into a neighbor’s or walk in the woods. Instead, indoor activities can seem easier, safer, and even more sociable for kids who are growing up with multiplayer video games and social media accounts. Why go outside? Recent studies have exposed the benefit — even ____54____ — of spending time outdoors that kids who play outside are smarter, happier, more attentive, and less anxious than kids who spend more time indoors. While it’s unclear how exactly the cognitive functioning and mood improvements occur, there are a few things we do know about why nature is good for kids’ minds. It builds confidence and promotes creativity. The way that kids play in nature has a lot less structure than most types of indoor play. There are ____55____ ways to interact with outdoor environments, from the backyard to the park to the local hiking trail, and letting your children choose how they treat nature means they have the power to control their own actions. They can also think more freely, design their own activities and approach the world in ____56____ ways. It teaches responsibility. Living things die if ____57____, and entrusting a child to take care of the living parts of their environment means they’ll learn what happens when they forget to water a plant, or pull a flower out by its roots. It provides different ____58____. Nature may seem less exhilarating (兴奋的) than your son’s video game, but ____59____, it activates more senses — you can see, hear, smell, and touch outdoor environments. “As the young spend less and less of their lives in natural surroundings, their senses narrow,” Louv warns, “and this reduces the ____60____ of human experience.” It makes them think. Louv says that nature creates a unique sense of ____61____ for kids that no other environment can provide. The phenomena that occur naturally in backyards and parks every day make kids ask questions about the earth and the life that it supports. So while screen time is the easier, more popular choice, it’s important to set aside time for ____62____ play. 48. A. reacted B. drawn C. gestured D. pushed 49. A. signal B. guilt C. indication D. preference 50. A. biased B. unreasonable C. undeniable D. extreme 51. A. symptom B. shift C. mindset D. assumption 52. A. disappointment B. point C. contrary D. impact 53. A. and meanwhile B. or worse still C. let alone D. or rather 54. A. balance B. originality C. feasibility D. necessity 55. A. limited B. infinite C. changeable D. initiative 56. A. respectful B. favoured C. specific D. inventive 57. A. mistreated B. disengaged C. disposed D. mistrusted 58. A. patterns B. perspectives C. resources D. stimulation 59. A. in particular B. all the same C. in reality D. at present 60. A. richness B. insightfulness C. quality D. impressiveness 61. A. concept B. freedom C. direction D. wonder 62. A. unstructured B. outdoor C. inspiring D. sensory 【答案】48. B 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. D 57. A 58. D 59. C 60. A 61. D 62. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了“自然缺失症”这一现象，并从培养自信创造力、树立责任感、刺激感官、启发思考等多个方面，阐述了户外活动对孩子成长的诸多益处，呼吁家长多留出时间让孩子走进自然。 【48题详解】 考查动词。句意：20世纪80年代初，哈佛大学生物学家爱德华·威尔逊提出一个理论，人类本能地会被自然环境所吸引。A. reacted反应；B. drawn吸引；C. gestured做手势；D. pushed推动。根据下文“many 21st century parents, however, would question this theory”可知，该理论认为人类天生向往自然。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而许多二十一世纪的家长对此提出质疑，他们发现孩子们明显更喜欢坐在沙发上盯着屏幕，而非外出玩耍。A. signal信号；B. guilt内疚；C. indication迹象；D. preference偏爱。根据下文“sitting on a couch in front of a screen over playing outside”可知，此处体现孩子在两种活动中做出的喜好选择。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：全社会对于孩子待在室内时间过长的担忧已经达到极致，这一问题甚至有了专属名称：自然缺失症。A. biased有偏见的；B. unreasonable不合理的；C. undeniable不可否认的；D. extreme极端的。根据下文“the crisis has a name”可知，这种担忧已经发展到十分严重的地步。 【51题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种状态的转变很大程度上是由科技造成的。A. symptom症状；B. shift转变；C. mindset心态；D. assumption假设。根据上文“kids spend significantly more time inside than outside”可知，孩子的活动习惯发生了改变。 【52题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管有证据表明事实并非如此，但家长愈发担心孩子在外玩耍会染上疾病、遭遇危险，这也是一大诱因。A. disappointment失望；B. point要点；C. contrary相反；D. impact影响。根据上文“Increasing parental fears about diseases and dangers of playing outside”可知，家长过度担忧户外玩耍的风险，但现有证据恰好与之相反。 【53题详解】 考查短语。句意：随着郊区不断扩张，自然区域被不断划分，孩子们连在围起来的院子里玩耍都不情愿，更别说翻墙去邻居家或是在林间漫步了。A. and meanwhile与此同时；B. or worse still更糟的是；C. let alone更不用说；D. or rather更确切地说。根据上文“kids seem less inclined to spend time in a fenced-in yard”可知，孩子连基础的院内玩耍都不愿参与，更不会主动去户外其他区域活动。 【54题详解】 考查名词。句意：近期研究揭示了户外活动的益处，甚至说明了户外活动是必不可少的，经常外出玩耍的孩子比久居室内的孩子更聪慧、快乐、专注，焦虑感也更少。A. balance平衡；B. originality创意；C. feasibility可行性；D. necessity必需品，必要性。根据下文“kids who play outside are smarter, happier, more attentive, and less anxious than kids who spend more time indoors”可知，户外活动对孩子成长益处极大，是成长过程中不可或缺的部分。 【55题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从后院、公园到郊外徒步小径，人们与户外环境互动的方式多种多样。A. limited有限的；B. infinite无限的；C. changeable可改变的；D. initiative主动的。根据上文“kids play in nature has a lot less structure than most types of indoor play”可知，户外玩耍没有固定模式，玩法不计其数。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他们也能更自由地思考，自主设计活动，用富有创意的方式去感知世界。A. respectful恭敬的；B. favoured喜爱的；C. specific具体的；D. inventive富有创意的。根据上文“promotes creativity”可知，亲近自然能激发创造力，让孩子用新颖的方式看待世界。 【57题详解】 考查动词。句意：生物一旦受到虐待就会死去，让孩子照料身边的生命，他们就会明白忘记浇水、拔起花朵会带来怎样的后果。A. mistreated虐待；B. disengaged脱离；C. disposed处理；D. mistrusted不信任。根据下文“forget to water a plant, or pull a flower out by its roots”可知，这些行为都会伤害到动植物。 【58题详解】 考查名词。句意：户外环境能带来不一样的感官刺激。A. patterns模式；B. perspectives视角；C. resources资源；D. stimulation刺激。根据下文“it activates more senses — you can see, hear, smell, and touch outdoor environments”可知，自然环境可以调动人体多种感官，提供丰富的感官刺激。 【59题详解】 考查短语。句意：自然或许不如电子游戏让人兴奋，但实际上，它能调动更多感官。A. in particular尤其；B. all the same仍然；C. in reality事实上；D. at present目前。根据上文“Nature may seem less exhilarating (兴奋的) than your son’s video game”可知，看似无趣的自然，实际能带来更丰富的感官体验，此处形成语义转折。 【60题详解】 考查名词。句意：卢夫警示道，年轻人在自然环境中度过的时间越来越少，感官会变得迟钝，这也会削减人生体验的丰富性。A. richness丰富度；B. insightfulness洞察力；C. quality质量；D. impressiveness感染力。根据上文“their senses narrow”可知，感官受限会让人生体验变得单调。 【61题详解】 考查名词。句意：卢夫表示，自然能为孩子营造出一种其他环境无法给予的独特好奇心。A. concept概念；B. freedom自由；C. direction方向；D. wonder好奇，惊奇。根据下文“make kids ask questions about the earth and the life that it supports”可知，自然中的种种现象会激发孩子的求知欲与好奇心。 【62题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管对着电子屏幕更加轻松、也更受喜爱，但我们仍要留出时间进行户外玩耍。A. unstructured无组织的；B. outdoor户外的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. sensory感官的。根据上文“Recent studies have exposed the benefit — even —of spending time outdoors”可知，文章全程强调户外活动对孩子成长的重要意义，呼吁孩子多参与户外玩耍。 IV. Reading Comprehension (38’) Section A (30’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Jameson Lobb, a 24-year-old investment banker from Toronto, was just one week into his new job on Wall Street. Over the past month, he’d been settling into the New York City apartment he was sharing with his college buddy, an artificial intelligence engineer named Raphael Jafri. On Oct. 4, 2023, the two were squeezing in a lunchtime workout on Pier 15, overlooking the East River, when Lobb froze. “Somebody’s in the water,” he said. Before Jafri could respond, Lobb climbed over the rail at the edge of the pier and leaped into the cold water without taking the time to remove his shoes. What Lobb had heard was an alarmed fisherman shouting nearly 50 yards away, “Help! He’s in the water!” And what he’d seen was a person floating, lifeless. Jafri didn’t need to see the victim. Maybe Lobb saw someone in the water who needs our help, he thought. Or maybe it’s Lobb who needs my help. Either way, I’m going in. He pulled off his shoes and swan-dived. Approaching the unconscious victim, Lobb saw that it was a middle-aged man. He was big, around 200 pounds, respectably dressed and sinking fast. The rescuer dove, grasped the man and kicked upward until they both resurfaced. The two friends floated the man on his back. As Jafri looped his arms around the man’s shoulders and Lobb supported the hips and knees, the pair took great pains back to Pier 15. Their muscles burned as they pushed and pulled the immobile figure through the freezing water. When at last they reached Pier 15, they faced a new uncertainty. How to get out? The pier’s decking stood an unreachable 10 feet above their heads. Suddenly the man stirred, breathing again, and beat Jafri confusedly in the face before fading back to near unconsciousness. On the pier, a crowd had gathered. From somewhere, the onlookers produced a rope and a life preserver, which they threw to Jafri and Lobb. With the two men pushing from below and the crowd pulling from above, the man’s body slowly rose until helping hands pulled him onto the pier. Both men, thoroughly exhausted from 15-plus minutes in the water and bleeding from numerous cuts, watched as rescue workers loaded the nearly drowned man into an ambulance and drove away. Lobb and Jafri never learned who he was, what became of him or how he’d fallen into the river. In place of that knowledge, they have a story they get to tell now, another experience that has further cemented their bond. Lots of people were on the piers that day, yet only the two of them jumped in the water - because, they say, they were the fittest people there and, so, had a moral responsibility. “If I know I’m capable,” Lobb says, “why wouldn’t I help?” Jafri adds, laughing, “People always say `If your friend jumps off a cliff, are you jumping?’ I think I answered that one.” 63. What’s the relationship between Lobb and Jafri? A. banker and client B. employer and employee C. workmates D. roommates 64. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Jafri rushed to be the first to rescue the victim, but he failed. B. The victim unintentionally gave Jafri a blow in the face. C. The rescue workers spent 15-plus minutes pulling the victim out. D. Lobb and Jafri were voted as the fittest to jump into the water. 65. When it comes to the difficulties in the rescue, Lobb and Jafri met with ________. (1) the cold and polluted water (2) the victim’s heavy weight (3) the unreachable deck (4) their muscle fatigue (5) onlookers’ indifference A. (1)(2)(3) B. (2)(3)(4) C. (1)(4)(5) D. (2)(4)(5) 66. The best title of this story might be ________. A. The fittest survives B. Friends in deed C. No pain, no gain D. More haste, less speed 【答案】63. D 64. B 65. B 66. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Lobb和室友Jafri在纽约东河旁奋不顾身跳入冰冷河水，合力救起一名落水男子，虽不知其后续，但二人的友谊与责任感得以彰显。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Over the past month, he’d been settling into the New York City apartment he was sharing with his college buddy, an artificial intelligence engineer named Raphael Jafri.(过去一个月里，他一直都在慢慢适应这套和大学好友合住的纽约公寓，这位好友是名叫Raphael Jafri的人工智能工程师。)”可知，两人是室友关系。故选D项。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段“Suddenly the man stirred, breathing again, and beat Jafri confusedly in the face before fading back to near unconsciousness.(突然，这名男子动了起来，恢复了呼吸，在迷糊中打了Jafri的脸，之后又近乎失去意识。)”可知，受害者无意中打了Jafri的脸。故选B项。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“He was big, around 200 pounds, respectably dressed and sinking fast. The rescuer dove, grasped the man and kicked upward until they both resurfaced. The two friends floated the man on his back. As Jafri looped his arms around the man’s shoulders and Lobb supported the hips and knees, the pair took great pains back to Pier 15. Their muscles burned as they pushed and pulled the immobile figure through the freezing water.(他身形壮硕，体重约200磅，衣着体面，却在水中迅速下沉。救援者纵身跃入水中，抓住男子，蹬水向上，直至两人一同浮出水面。两位友人让男子仰躺着保持漂浮，贾弗里用胳膊环住他的肩膀，洛布托住他的髋部和膝盖，二人费尽气力将他拖向15号码头。他们在冰冷的水里推拽着这名无法动弹的男子，肌肉灼痛不已。)”以及第六段“The pier’s decking stood an unreachable 10 feet above their heads.(码头的甲板高出他们头顶10英尺，无法够到)”可知，他们遇到的困难有：受害者体重很重、甲板够不着、肌肉疲劳。故选B项。 【66题详解】 主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段“In place of that knowledge, they have a story they get to tell now, another experience that has further cemented their bond.(虽然不知道落水者的后续，但他们拥有了可以讲述的故事，这段经历进一步巩固了他们的情谊。)”以及上文讲两人一同勇敢救人的行为可知，这故事体现了患难见真情。B项适合用作标题，故选B项。 (B) Magical Harry Potter Competition How to enter Simply draw your Patronus(保护神)in the postcard-sized space below. It’s entirely up to you which creature you decide to draw. Just make sure you tell us what it is. Then fill in all the details on the form and send the whole thing to us at My Patronus, The Week Junior magazine, 31-32 Alfred Place, London, WC1E 7DP. Alternatively, you can scan your entry form and email it to competition@theweekjunior.co.uk, using the subject header MY PATRONUS. Your entry must reach us no later than June 2020. The entries will be judged by a panel that includes artist Levi Pinfold — who illustrates the house editions of the Harry Potter books; Emily Drabble from the charity BookTrust; and Anna Bassi, editor-in-chief of The Week Junior. Winners will be announced in The Week Junior issue One lucky overall winner will receive a huge bundle of Harry Potter prizes including: * A family ticket to Warner Bros. Studio Tour London—The Making of Harry Potter (including up to £100 of train vouchers and up to £250 for accommodation). You’ll be able to step onto authentic sets, discover the magic behind spellbinding special effects and explore the behind-the-scenes secrets of the Harry Potter film series, located at the studios where it all began. * A personalized Hogwarts house trunk full of goodies from your chosen house. * A set of the first three Harry Potter novels in hardback in your house livery, illustrated by Levi Pinfold. * A limited-edition print of artwork from the house editions, signed by artist Levi Pinfold. * Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban hardback illustrated edition signed by Kim Kay. The winner’s school will get: * Hardback editions of all seven Harry Potter novels, with cover illustrations by Jonny Duddle. * Hardback illustrated editions of the first three Harry Potter books, illustrated by Jim Kay. * The Tales of Beedle the Bard illustrated edition by Chris Riddell. * A year’s subscription to The Week Junior. Runners-up * Nine runners-up will each receive a set of the first three hardback house editions in your Hogwarts house livery. Their school will get a complete set of Harry Potter hardbacks with cover illustrations by Jonny Duddle, and a year’s subscription to The Week Junior. 67. To enter for the competition, participants must_________ . A. send the completed form to charity BookTrust B. draw and describe their chosen Patronus C. purchase a complete set of Harry Potter series D. agree to subscribe to The Week Junior for a year 68. What will the winner’s school and the runners-up’ schools get? A. The renewal of magazine subscription. B. A set of Harry Potter novels. C. A personalized Hogwarts house trunk. D. Books illustrated by Jim Kay. 69. Which of the following is TRUE about the competition? A. The judges of the competition are illustrators and editors by profession. B. The winner list will be announced no later than June 2020. C. One lucky winner can visit the Harry Potter movie sets with his/her family. D. First prize winner may win an award of up to £350 for accommodation. 【答案】67. B 68. B 69. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了哈利·波特魔法竞赛的相关事项。该竞赛需要参赛者在明信片大小的空间中画出自己的保护神，并进行描述，以邮寄或电子邮件的方式寄给举办方，同时介绍了奖项的设置，以及对于获奖者学校的奖励安排。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Simply draw your Patronus in the postcard-sized space below. It’s entirely up to you which creature you decide to draw. Just make sure you tell us what it is.(只需在下面的明信片大小的空间中画出你的保护神。你决定画哪个生物完全取决于你。你一定要告诉我们它是什么。)”可知，参赛者需在明信片大小的空间中画出自己的保护神，画哪个生物完全取决于参赛者，并进行描述。故选B项。 【68题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章The winner’s school will get部分内容“* Hardback editions of all seven Harry Potter novels, with cover illustrations by Jonny Duddle.* Hardback illustrated editions of the first three Harry Potter books, illustrated by Jim Kay. * A year’s subscription to The Week Junior. ( *《哈利·波特》全部七部小说的精装本，封面插图由约翰尼·达德尔绘制。*《哈利·波特》前三本精装插图版，吉姆·凯插图。订阅一年的《少年周刊》。)”和Runners-up部分内容“Their school will get a complete set of Harry Potter hardbacks with cover illustrations by Jonny Duddle, and a year’s subscription to The Week Junior.(他们的学校将得到一套完整的《哈利·波特》精装书，封面插图由乔尼·达德尔绘制，以及一年的《少年周刊》。)”可知，优胜者的学校和亚军的学校可得到《哈利·波特》精装书和一年的《少年周刊》。选项B“A set of Harry Potter novels.”符合原文信息。故选B项。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章First Prize部分内容“* A family ticket to Warner Bros. Studio Tour London—The Making of Harry Potter (including up to £100 of train vouchers and up to £250 for accommodation).You’ll be able to step onto authentic sets, discover the magic behind spellbinding special effects and explore the behind-the-scenes secrets of the Harry Potter film series, located at the studios where it all began.( *华纳兄弟工作室伦敦之旅——哈利·波特制作之旅的家庭票，包括高达100英镑的火车代金券和高达250英镑的住宿费。你将能够踏上真实的布景，发现引人入胜的特效背后的魔法，探索《哈利·波特》系列电影背后的秘密，它就在电影开始的地方。)”可知，获胜的人可以和他/她的家人参观哈利·波特电影的布景。故选C项。 (C) Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period. A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right. Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure. Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease. 70. What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage? A. The cost of the traditional surgery is very high. B. It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body. C. Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest. D. The incision is often infected after the operation. 71. Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery? A. It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera. B. The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly. C. The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed. D. An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance. 72. The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______. A. requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient B. reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure C. allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively D. eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients 73. The passage mainly tells the reader ________. A. the challenges brought about by new technology B. the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System C. the reflections on the development in medical science D. the application of new technologies in modern surgery 【答案】70. B 71. C 72. C 73. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要告诉读者新技术在现代外科手术中的应用。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs.( 传统的外科手术需要外科医生在病人的身体上开很大的切口，以进入内部器官。)”可知，根据这篇文章，我们可以了解到传统手术经常在一个人的身体上留下一个大伤口。故选B。 【71题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.( 微创针孔手术的尴尬之处在于它是违反直觉的;也就是说，如果一个外科医生想把工具移到左边，他或她必须把它推到右边。)”可知，微创手术的缺点是医生移动手术工具的方向是相反的。故选C。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity.The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台)(达·芬奇机器人的运动部分被设计成模仿外科医生手部和手腕的自然运动，从而提供更好的控制和灵敏度。该系统由外科医生通过控制台控制。)”可知，The da Vinci Surgical System不同于微创手术，它允许外科医生更敏感地使用手术器械。故选C。 【73题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段第一、二句“A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed.( 近年来，一种被称为“微创手术”的手术技术变得越来越普遍。一般来说，外科医生会在将要进行手术的区域周围做一些小切口。)”根据第三段“Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S..”（今天，手术室也在使用其他技术进步。一种称为“达·芬奇手术系统”的新机器已经在美国的医院进行了测试）可知，这篇文章主要告诉读者新技术在现代外科手术中的应用。故选D。 (D) When Scientist Dr. Randal Voss does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders (蝾螈) called axolotls. Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and light pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely idiot-like. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature. Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water. Axolotls, however, never complete the transformation to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water. A signature feature of the axolotls’ forever-young look is their wrinkled external gills, which help them breathe in their watery home — the only spot they’re found in the wild: Lake Xochimilco in Mexico City. It’s a bit of a scientific mystery why axolotls don’t transform into adult, land-dwelling versions of themselves. One hypothesis, according to Dr. Luis Zambrano, a professor of zoology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, is that the environment in Lake Xochimilco had enough resources for the salamanders that “it was by far better for them not to expend energy transforming and stay in the lake.” In 1864, a French army officer brought live axolotls back to Europe, where scientists were surprised to learn that the seemingly juvenile (幼年的) aquatic salamanders were capable of reproduction. Since then, scientists around the world have studied axolotls and their DNA to learn about the salamanders’ unusual transformation as well as their ability to regrow injured body parts. In addition to their role in labs, axolotls have become popular in the exotic pet trade. However, the axolotls you might find at a pet shop are different from their wild relatives in Lake Xochimilco. Most wild axolotls are a dark grayish brown. The famous pink axolotls, as well as other color variants such as white, blue, yellow and black, are genetic abnormal phenomenon that are rare in the wild but selectively bred for the pet trade. What’s more, “most of the animals in the pet trade have a very small genetic divide,” Zambrano said. Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild. That means that the axolotl extinction crisis can’t simply be solved by dumping pet axolotls into Lake Xochimilco. The introduction of axolotls to Minecraft in 2021 neatly led to a slight increase in Google searches for the animals, and social media makes it easy for people to gain access to photos and videos of the salamanders. The axolotl pet trade probably doesn’t directly harm the wild populations since wild salamanders aren’t being poached or taken from Lake Xochimilco. However, axolotls’ popularity and pet stores might make people assume that because axolotls live in all the tanks around the world, they are not in danger. Getting people to recognize that their favorite, friendly faced salamander doesn’t just exist in the vacuum of the internet, but in the real world where it faces severe conservation challenges still has a long way to go. 74. What can we infer from the third paragraph? A. If resources were scarce, axolotls would likely transform. B. The mystery of axolotl’s evolution has been uncovered by Luis. C. Axolotls can thrive in Lake Xochimilco with limited resources. D. Axolotls don’t have enough energy and resources to transform. 75. The author will most probably agree that _________. A. the popularity of pet axolotls has also made their wild relatives popular in pet trade B. the inbreeding of pet axolotls could cause health issues not present in wild populations C. pet axolotls are more likely to adapt to environmental changes than their wild counterparts D. colorful wild salamanders are so popular that they are overfished to the point of extinction 76. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph? A. Social media could mislead the public into thinking that axolotls are not endangered. B. Social media has no significant effect on the perception of axolotls among pet owners. C. The popularity of axolotls in pop culture will directly enhance their survival in the wild. D. Increased online visibility of axolotls causes greater public support for conservation efforts. 77. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Axolotls: Cute Faces, Critical Futures B. Axolotls: Special Colors, Ultimate Pets C. Saving Axolotls: The Combined Efforts D. Studying Axolotls: From Land to Water 【答案】74. A 75. B 76. A 77. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍墨西哥蝾螈外形可爱、终生水生、具备再生能力，有重要科研价值。人工宠物螈与野生种群差异大，其走红易让人忽视野生个体正面临濒危的严峻现实。 【74题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s a bit of a scientific mystery why axolotls don’t transform into adult, land-dwelling versions of themselves. One hypothesis, according to Dr. Luis Zambrano, a professor of zoology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, is that the environment in Lake Xochimilco had enough resources for the salamanders that “it was by far better for them not to expend energy transforming and stay in the lake.”(至于蝾螈为何不会转变成成年陆生形态的自身版本，这在科学上仍是一个谜。据墨西哥国立自治大学动物学教授路易斯·赞布拉诺博士所述，有一种假设认为，锡科尔米科湖的环境为这些蝾螈提供了充足的资源，因此“它们不花费能量进行转变，而是在湖中保持原状，这种选择显然要好得多。”)”可推知，如果资源匮乏，蝾螈很可能会发生变形。故选A。 【75题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild.(宠物蝾螈往往存在近亲繁殖的情况，而且它们缺乏野生环境中健康种群所应有的各种基因的广泛流动)”可知，作者很可能会认同，宠物蝾螈的近亲繁殖可能会导致与野生种群不同的健康问题。故选B。 【76题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, axolotls’ popularity and pet stores might make people assume that because axolotls live in all the tanks around the world, they are not in danger.(然而，由于美西蝾螈受欢迎且有专门的宠物店出售，人们可能会认为由于美西蝾螈遍布全球各地的水族箱中，所以它们并不处于危险之中)”可知，A选项“社交媒体可能会误导公众，让他们误以为蝾螈并不处于濒危状态”正确。故选A。 【77题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Scientist Dr. Randal Voss does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders (蝾螈) called axolotls. Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and light pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely idiot-like. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature.(当科学家拉尔登·沃斯博士和他的实验室开展科普活动时，总会遇到一些人，他们非常渴望见到他的研究对象——一种被称为“亚索托尔”的水生蝾螈。只要看一眼这种蝾螈，就不难理解它为何如此受欢迎。它们有着大大的眼睛、上翘的嘴巴和浅粉色的体色，看起来既欢快又有点傻乎乎的。但亚索托尔的内涵远不止于此：它们的故事是关于科学发现、对自然界的开发利用以及重建人类与自然的联系等方面的内容)”结合文章介绍墨西哥蝾螈外形可爱、终生水生、具备再生能力，有重要科研价值。人工宠物螈与野生种群差异大，其走红易让人忽视野生个体正面临濒危的严峻现实。可知，A选项“蝾螈：可爱的外表，危急的未来”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Section B (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. ____78____ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace. ____79____ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. ____80____ They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone — five minutes of successful patience — you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. ____81____ A. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods. B. You are more easily annoyed and bothered. C. It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. D. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. E. Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings. F. If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. 【答案】78. B 79. D 80. A 81. E 【解析】 【导语】本文阐释了耐心对塑造平和自愈的内心的重要意义，对比有无耐心的生活状态，介绍了在生活琐事中保持耐心的方式，并说明耐心可通过刻意练习逐步提升，最终帮助人们摆正心态、从容面对生活困境。 【78题详解】 上文“Without patience, life is extremely frustrating.(没有耐心，生活会充满挫败感。)”指出缺乏耐心会让生活充满负面体验，选项B“You are more easily annoyed and bothered.(你会更容易恼怒、心烦。)”承接上文，具体说明没有耐心带来的情绪问题。 【79题详解】 后文“If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax.(如果你遭遇堵车、约会迟到，保持耐心可以防止负面情绪累积，并提醒自己放松。)”列举日常场景阐释耐心的具体表现，选项D“Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it.(变得更有耐心意味着接纳当下，即便你并不喜欢现状。)”总领本段主旨，引出下文具体事例，逻辑衔接紧密。 【80题详解】 上文“Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice.(耐心是一种可以通过刻意练习大幅提升的内心品质。)”提出耐心可以后天练习培养，选项A“An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods.(我发现提升耐心的有效方法是设立专门的练习时段。)”承接上文观点，精准呼应后文指代内容，顺利引出耐心的练习方法，空后代词“They”指代具体的练习时段。 【81题详解】 上文“You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with.(拥有耐心会让你看淡困境，把难题看作可以解决的小小阻碍。)”介绍了拥有耐心的积极心态，选项E“Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings.(没有耐心，你会将同样的处境视作危机，伴随争吵、沮丧与难过。)”从反面形成对比，完善段落观点。 V. Translation (15’=3’*5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 82. 读者更容易对有插图的书籍产生共鸣。（illustrate）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Readers are more likely to resonate with illustrated books. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“读者”用readers（复数形式表泛指），“更容易做某事”可译为be more likely to do sth，主语是复数，be用are，“对……产生共鸣”表达为resonate with，“书籍”books（复数形式表泛指）和动词illustrate“给……加插图”是被动关系，用过去分词illustrated作定语。 83. 近几十年来，许多国家见证了大批移民涌入。（scale）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In recent decades, many countries have witnessed a large-scale influx of immigrants. 【解析】 【详解】时间状语“近几十年来”用in recent decades，是从过去持续到现在的时间段，和现在完成时连用，主语“很多国家”用many countries，谓语“见证”用动词witness，主语是复数，助动词用have，宾语“大规模的移民涌入”用 a large-scale influx of immigrants。 84. 这部纪录片呼吁大家反思自己的日常习惯。（reflect）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The documentary calls on people to reflect on their daily habits. 【解析】 【详解】本句表述纪录片的主旨，属于客观事实类表述，用一般现在时；主语“这部纪录片”用the documentary，“呼吁某人做某事”用call on sb. to do sth.，call作谓语，主语是第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式，“反思”用动词短语reflect on，reflect用不定式形式，“自己（即他们的）日常习惯”用their daily habits，作reflect on的宾语。 85. 结果显示，残疾人使用公共交通的渠道很有限。（access）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The result shows that people with disabilities have very limited access to public transport. 【解析】 【详解】句子陈述客观结论，用一般现在时，且本句为主从复合句，主句主语“结果”用the result，主句谓语“显示”用show，主语是第三人称单数，show用单数形式，“残疾人使用公共交通的渠道很有限”处理为that引导的宾语从句，从句主语“残疾人”用people with disabilities，“使用某事物的渠道很有限”表达为have very limited access to，have作从句谓语，主句是复数，谓语动词用复数，宾语“公共交通”用public transport。 86. 一得知这个消息，他就大哭起来。（inform）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As soon as he was informed of the news, he burst into tears. 【解析】 【详解】整句描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；“一得知这个消息”处理为as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句主语是he，谓语“得知”用短语be informed of，主语是第三人称单数，be用was，宾语“这个消息”用the news，从句主语也是he，“大哭起来”用短语burst into tears，burst作谓语，用过去式形式。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2024学年高一第二学期期中考试英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension (25’) Section A (10’) Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied. C. Bored. D. Exhausted. 2. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10. 3. A. A cook. B. A shop assistant. C. A saleswoman. D. A waitress. 4. A. At a gas station. B. In a work shop. C. At an art gallery. D. In a department store. 5. A. He hasn’t had a chance to meet Kathy yet. B. Kathy had already told him the news. C. He didn’t know that Kathy was being moved. D. His new office will be located in New York. 6. A. The woman wants to go to Toronto. B. The man wants to go to Vancouver. C. There are no flights to Toronto. D. There are two direct flights to Toronto. 7. A. She should do more careful work. B. She is not concerned about George’s remarks. C. George does not care about her. D. George shouldn’t have said much about her. 8. A. She can’t afford that much for a trip. B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money. C. She doesn’t think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip. D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money. 9. A. Playing tennis. B. Writing a term paper. C. Gathering materials. D. Holding a meeting. 10. A. The man was seriously injured in the car accident. B. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident. C. The man wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened. D. The man’s daughter advised him to wear the seat belt before he left home. Section B (15’) Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Future researchers. B. College students. C. Company employees. D. Successful artists. 12. A. To teach the listeners how to work hard. B. To enable the listeners to get better salaries. C. To prepare the listeners to get better jobs. D. To encourage the listeners to seize opportunities. 13. A. Kindness. B. Diligence. C. Willingness. D. Interest. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit. C. The way of forming a habit. D. The possibility of excising regularly. 15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory. C. Because it is suitable for everyone. D. Because people needn’t concentrate on it. 16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people’s life. C. It can make people’s hearts stronger. D. It helps prevent cancers. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. He has just been back from South America. B. He has been burnt for a few hours. C. He has been surfing the Internet for long. D. He has been doing school work all night. 18. A. To look for something interesting for pleasure. B. To meet new friends in the net chatroom. C. To release pressure from heavy work. D. To look for information for his project. 19. A. Quite a few sites are just old event calendars. B. It’s a waste of time to surf the Internet. C. A lot of information can be found. D. A lot of friends can be made on the Internet. 20. A. People spend much time talking about other interests. B. It takes long to find things because of many useless sites. C. It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom. D. It’s hardly the best source of information available. II. Grammar and Vocabulary (42’) Section A (12’) Directions: After reading the sentence or the passage, fill in the blanks by using the given word in the bracket to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. Chinese Taijiquan is a traditional martial art ____1____ (bear) in the village of Chenjiagou in Henan Province in the mid-17th century. It is now a popular form of exercise ____2____ is practiced by over 100 million people in more than 150 countries and regions. There are five major schools of Taijiquan — Chen, Yang, Wu (Hao), Wu, and Sun (陈式、杨式、武/郝式、吴式、孙式). These styles were named after the masters or their families who popularized them. ____3____ each school has its own characteristics, the basic principles remain the same. In China, Taijiquan has entered schools and various communities. People of all ages practice the sport in parks, squares, and even on the sides of the road. Generally, they practice ____4____ simple routine called Bafa Wubu, namely eight techniques and five steps. It was developed ____5____ (base) on the five major styles. Taijiquan’s growing popularity can be partly explained by its health benefits. Its slow, gentle movements promote the harmony of mind and body, ____6____ (improve) mobility, suppleness(柔韧性), and mental alertness. Studies also suggest that regular practice ____7____ lower blood pressure, reduce anxiety, and benefit the immune system. In addition, it is said to be beneficial to the digestive, cardiovascular (心血管的) and respiratory (呼吸的) systems. Taijiquan is one of ____8____ (important) wushu events promoted by the International Wushu Federation. Since 2014, the organization ____9____ (hold) the World Taijiquan Championships every two years. This provides an opportunity _____10_____ Taijiquan enthusiasts around the world to communicate with each other. In recent years, this sport has also seen increased global recognition. In January 2020, it was included _____11_____ a medal sport at the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games. Taijiquan is not just a sport for fitness, _____12_____ an embodiment(体现) of Chinese culture and philosophy. As efforts continue to be made to promote it, this gem of Chinese cultural heritage is sure to shine on a bigger stage. Section B (30’) Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the boxes. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (A) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Time: is there ever enough of it? In today's modern world, most of us are ___13___with so-called time-saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home. But why do we still feel busier? A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth" of being busy suggests that while ___14___brought us convenience, it also brought us new headaches. Consider the idea of FOMO (fear of missing out). Knowing exactly what we're missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the ___15___ of our time and our ability to use it effectively. While being informed is important, it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times. If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter, turn off the phone and take a mental break. Practice JOMO (joy of missing out), a(n) ___16___on life that's a direct contradiction to FOMO. Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds" and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment. Another thing technology has ___17___ us is the blurring (难以区分)between work and downtime. While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible, it's also harder to turn off at the end of the day. Always being "on" is a(n) ___18___state of mind. Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed. Of course, if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck, working long hours has long been a ___19___ strategy. But if you don't have passion for your job or care about what you do, you might just be working yourself into more ___20___. People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure depending on their passion. If most of the hours are spent doing something you don't feel ___21___about, it's no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time. Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress. Therefore, your time management goal shouldn't be to figure out how to do more, but _____22_____to figure out how to want less. (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. challenging B. costly C. exclusion D. guaranteed E. necessarily F. performed G. scale H. similarly I. suffering J. tracked K. vain Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a ____23____ from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Though the “very happy” participants had the best social lives, they ____24____ worse in school than those who were merely “happy”. The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshman’s “cheerfulness” and ____25____ their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most cheerful were not the highest earners. That distinction once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average”. As with everything in life, happiness has its trade-offs. Pursuing happiness to the ____26____ of other goals — known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义) — not only is in ____27____, but may also give you a life where you do not reach your full , potential, where you are unwilling to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over ____28____ experiences that give life meaning. The way to understand the study above is not to deny that happiness is good; rather, it is to remember that a little bit of unhappiness has benefits. When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, centers on how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequences of failure itself. This is similar to the way discomfort with uncertainty causes more anxiety than ____29____ bad news. To avoid these bad feelings, people give up all kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure. However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, ____30____ make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater rewards than a life played safe, as the studies suggested. None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. On the contrary, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. However, making the quest for positive feelings your highest or only goal is a ____31____ life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so sacrifices many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the ____32____ we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.” III. Cloze (30’) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. (A) Family holiday meals often involve lots of time spent bent over cutting boards, peeking in the oven and basting meats. There’s often a ____33____ left to clean up at the end. Who ____34____ most of these duties? Gallup and Cookpad conducted a worldwide survey to find out. Data from their survey of trends in home cooking show that in almost every country in the world, women cooked more than men. In 2022, women made, on average, close to nine meals a week, while men cooked about four. The ____35____, of course, leaves many women frustrated. Emily Kephart, a 41-year-old mother of two, says she enjoyed being in ____36____ of food when it was just her and her husband, but having kids changed the equation(平衡局面). “Now we have two children and two full-time jobs and I still do 100% of the grocery shopping and meal planning, and about 75% of the actual cooking or food preparation,” she says. While other duties are divided pretty ____37____, Kephart says, she still gets annoyed with her spouse: “When I’m away or have other plans, more often than not my husband gets the ‘____38____’ ticket — they order pizza or eat some freezer chicken nuggets. Why does he get the free dinner pass?” The only country where men cook more meals than women, the survey finds, is Italy. This, several Italian-American readers say, ____39____ them not one bit. “For us Italians, knowing and creating good food is a matter of extreme ____40____,” writes Gabrielle DiFonzo. “Food is a very important part of our culture and heritage. For men, cooking is seen as a manly activity,” she writes. Second generation Italian-American Olivia Box spent last year in Italy, and noticed that her male cousins were always cooking and talking about food. “Cooking for Italians is not a chore; it is a part of their ____41____,” Box says. While women tend to cook more than men in the U.S., some men are starting to ____42____ the art and science of cooking as a hobby to be proud of. Lisa Kulisek from Chicago says her kids prefer her husband’s cooking. When they met, he couldn’t cook, so she taught him some ____43____. He has since taught himself more about the science of cooking and ____44____ it. Kuliseck hopes more men follow her husband’s ____45____. “Maybe we just have to ____46____ the men who are already cooking to do it more often. They might find it a great way to deal with stress while reducing their partner’s stress and ____47____ a great skill for their kids.” 33. A. gift B. mess C. tip D. warning 34. A. depends on B. longs for C. takes up D. turns down 35. A. disadvantage B. imbalance C. misunderstanding D. uncertainty 36. A. charge B. favor C. search D. pursuit 37. A. accurately B. fairly C. randomly D. strangely 38. A. cheap B. easy C. fresh D. rare 39. A. delighted B. embarrassed C. scared D. surprised 40. A. anxiety B. pressure C. pride D. gratitude 41. A. generosity B. identity C. opportunity D. personality 42. A. abandon B. embrace C. resist D. suspect 43. A. common knowledge B. gardening essentials C. cooking basics D. math principles 44. A. fallen in love with B. kept in touch with C. lost interest in D. make fun of 45. A. advice B. dream C. lead D. trouble 46. A. beg B. encourage C. force D. permit 47. A. fetching B. modeling C. ordering D. providing (B) In the early 1980s, a Harvard University biologist named Edward O. Wilson proposed a theory that humans are instinctively ____48____ towards their natural surroundings. Many 21st century parents, however, would question this theory, as they watch their kids express a clear ____49____ for sitting on a couch in front of a screen over playing outside. The national panic about kids spending too much time indoors has become so ____50____ that the crisis has a name: Nature deficit disorder, which indicates kids spend significantly more time inside than outside. This ____51____ is largely due to technology. Richard Louv, author of the book Last Child in the Woods tells the story of interviewing a child who told him that he liked playing indoors more than outdoors “because that’s where all the electrical outlets are.” Increasing parental fears about diseases and dangers of playing outside — despite evidence to the ____52____ — are another big factor. And as suburbs continue to expand, nature is parceled off more, and kids seem less inclined to spend time in a fenced-in yard, ____53____ jump the fence into a neighbor’s or walk in the woods. Instead, indoor activities can seem easier, safer, and even more sociable for kids who are growing up with multiplayer video games and social media accounts. Why go outside? Recent studies have exposed the benefit — even ____54____ — of spending time outdoors that kids who play outside are smarter, happier, more attentive, and less anxious than kids who spend more time indoors. While it’s unclear how exactly the cognitive functioning and mood improvements occur, there are a few things we do know about why nature is good for kids’ minds. It builds confidence and promotes creativity. The way that kids play in nature has a lot less structure than most types of indoor play. There are ____55____ ways to interact with outdoor environments, from the backyard to the park to the local hiking trail, and letting your children choose how they treat nature means they have the power to control their own actions. They can also think more freely, design their own activities and approach the world in ____56____ ways. It teaches responsibility. Living things die if ____57____, and entrusting a child to take care of the living parts of their environment means they’ll learn what happens when they forget to water a plant, or pull a flower out by its roots. It provides different ____58____. Nature may seem less exhilarating (兴奋的) than your son’s video game, but ____59____, it activates more senses — you can see, hear, smell, and touch outdoor environments. “As the young spend less and less of their lives in natural surroundings, their senses narrow,” Louv warns, “and this reduces the ____60____ of human experience.” It makes them think. Louv says that nature creates a unique sense of ____61____ for kids that no other environment can provide. The phenomena that occur naturally in backyards and parks every day make kids ask questions about the earth and the life that it supports. So while screen time is the easier, more popular choice, it’s important to set aside time for ____62____ play. 48. A. reacted B. drawn C. gestured D. pushed 49. A. signal B. guilt C. indication D. preference 50. A. biased B. unreasonable C. undeniable D. extreme 51. A. symptom B. shift C. mindset D. assumption 52. A. disappointment B. point C. contrary D. impact 53. A. and meanwhile B. or worse still C. let alone D. or rather 54. A. balance B. originality C. feasibility D. necessity 55. A. limited B. infinite C. changeable D. initiative 56. A. respectful B. favoured C. specific D. inventive 57. A. mistreated B. disengaged C. disposed D. mistrusted 58. A. patterns B. perspectives C. resources D. stimulation 59. A. in particular B. all the same C. in reality D. at present 60. A. richness B. insightfulness C. quality D. impressiveness 61. A. concept B. freedom C. direction D. wonder 62. A. unstructured B. outdoor C. inspiring D. sensory IV. Reading Comprehension (38’) Section A (30’) Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Jameson Lobb, a 24-year-old investment banker from Toronto, was just one week into his new job on Wall Street. Over the past month, he’d been settling into the New York City apartment he was sharing with his college buddy, an artificial intelligence engineer named Raphael Jafri. On Oct. 4, 2023, the two were squeezing in a lunchtime workout on Pier 15, overlooking the East River, when Lobb froze. “Somebody’s in the water,” he said. Before Jafri could respond, Lobb climbed over the rail at the edge of the pier and leaped into the cold water without taking the time to remove his shoes. What Lobb had heard was an alarmed fisherman shouting nearly 50 yards away, “Help! He’s in the water!” And what he’d seen was a person floating, lifeless. Jafri didn’t need to see the victim. Maybe Lobb saw someone in the water who needs our help, he thought. Or maybe it’s Lobb who needs my help. Either way, I’m going in. He pulled off his shoes and swan-dived. Approaching the unconscious victim, Lobb saw that it was a middle-aged man. He was big, around 200 pounds, respectably dressed and sinking fast. The rescuer dove, grasped the man and kicked upward until they both resurfaced. The two friends floated the man on his back. As Jafri looped his arms around the man’s shoulders and Lobb supported the hips and knees, the pair took great pains back to Pier 15. Their muscles burned as they pushed and pulled the immobile figure through the freezing water. When at last they reached Pier 15, they faced a new uncertainty. How to get out? The pier’s decking stood an unreachable 10 feet above their heads. Suddenly the man stirred, breathing again, and beat Jafri confusedly in the face before fading back to near unconsciousness. On the pier, a crowd had gathered. From somewhere, the onlookers produced a rope and a life preserver, which they threw to Jafri and Lobb. With the two men pushing from below and the crowd pulling from above, the man’s body slowly rose until helping hands pulled him onto the pier. Both men, thoroughly exhausted from 15-plus minutes in the water and bleeding from numerous cuts, watched as rescue workers loaded the nearly drowned man into an ambulance and drove away. Lobb and Jafri never learned who he was, what became of him or how he’d fallen into the river. In place of that knowledge, they have a story they get to tell now, another experience that has further cemented their bond. Lots of people were on the piers that day, yet only the two of them jumped in the water - because, they say, they were the fittest people there and, so, had a moral responsibility. “If I know I’m capable,” Lobb says, “why wouldn’t I help?” Jafri adds, laughing, “People always say `If your friend jumps off a cliff, are you jumping?’ I think I answered that one.” 63. What’s the relationship between Lobb and Jafri? A. banker and client B. employer and employee C. workmates D. roommates 64. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Jafri rushed to be the first to rescue the victim, but he failed. B. The victim unintentionally gave Jafri a blow in the face. C. The rescue workers spent 15-plus minutes pulling the victim out. D. Lobb and Jafri were voted as the fittest to jump into the water. 65. When it comes to the difficulties in the rescue, Lobb and Jafri met with ________. (1) the cold and polluted water (2) the victim’s heavy weight (3) the unreachable deck (4) their muscle fatigue (5) onlookers’ indifference A. (1)(2)(3) B. (2)(3)(4) C. (1)(4)(5) D. (2)(4)(5) 66. The best title of this story might be ________. A. The fittest survives B. Friends in deed C. No pain, no gain D. More haste, less speed (B) Magical Harry Potter Competition How to enter Simply draw your Patronus(保护神)in the postcard-sized space below. It’s entirely up to you which creature you decide to draw. Just make sure you tell us what it is. Then fill in all the details on the form and send the whole thing to us at My Patronus, The Week Junior magazine, 31-32 Alfred Place, London, WC1E 7DP. Alternatively, you can scan your entry form and email it to competition@theweekjunior.co.uk, using the subject header MY PATRONUS. Your entry must reach us no later than June 2020. The entries will be judged by a panel that includes artist Levi Pinfold — who illustrates the house editions of the Harry Potter books; Emily Drabble from the charity BookTrust; and Anna Bassi, editor-in-chief of The Week Junior. Winners will be announced in The Week Junior issue One lucky overall winner will receive a huge bundle of Harry Potter prizes including: * A family ticket to Warner Bros. Studio Tour London—The Making of Harry Potter (including up to £100 of train vouchers and up to £250 for accommodation). You’ll be able to step onto authentic sets, discover the magic behind spellbinding special effects and explore the behind-the-scenes secrets of the Harry Potter film series, located at the studios where it all began. * A personalized Hogwarts house trunk full of goodies from your chosen house. * A set of the first three Harry Potter novels in hardback in your house livery, illustrated by Levi Pinfold. * A limited-edition print of artwork from the house editions, signed by artist Levi Pinfold. * Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban hardback illustrated edition signed by Kim Kay. The winner’s school will get: * Hardback editions of all seven Harry Potter novels, with cover illustrations by Jonny Duddle. * Hardback illustrated editions of the first three Harry Potter books, illustrated by Jim Kay. * The Tales of Beedle the Bard illustrated edition by Chris Riddell. * A year’s subscription to The Week Junior. Runners-up * Nine runners-up will each receive a set of the first three hardback house editions in your Hogwarts house livery. Their school will get a complete set of Harry Potter hardbacks with cover illustrations by Jonny Duddle, and a year’s subscription to The Week Junior. 67. To enter for the competition, participants must_________ . A. send the completed form to charity BookTrust B. draw and describe their chosen Patronus C. purchase a complete set of Harry Potter series D. agree to subscribe to The Week Junior for a year 68. What will the winner’s school and the runners-up’ schools get? A. The renewal of magazine subscription. B. A set of Harry Potter novels. C. A personalized Hogwarts house trunk. D. Books illustrated by Jim Kay. 69. Which of the following is TRUE about the competition? A. The judges of the competition are illustrators and editors by profession. B. The winner list will be announced no later than June 2020. C. One lucky winner can visit the Harry Potter movie sets with his/her family. D. First prize winner may win an award of up to £350 for accommodation. (C) Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period. A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right. Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure. Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease. 70. What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage? A. The cost of the traditional surgery is very high. B. It often leaves a large wound in a person’s body. C. Long incisions are made in a patient’s chest. D. The incision is often infected after the operation. 71. Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery? A. It requires the use of long, thin tools and a tiny camera. B. The doctor can not view the inside of the patient’s body clearly. C. The direction in which a doctor moves the surgical tools is reversed. D. An endoscope has to be inserted into the patient’s body in advance. 72. The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______. A. requires that a surgeon make more small incisions on a patient B. reduces the amount of time it takes to perform a surgical procedure C. allows the surgeon to use the surgical instruments more sensitively D. eliminates the need for surgeons to make large incisions on patients 73. The passage mainly tells the reader ________. A. the challenges brought about by new technology B. the benefits and drawbacks of the da Vinci Surgical System C. the reflections on the development in medical science D. the application of new technologies in modern surgery (D) When Scientist Dr. Randal Voss does outreach events with his laboratory, he encounters people who are keen to meet his research subjects: aquatic salamanders (蝾螈) called axolotls. Take one look at an axolotl, and it’s easy to see why it’s so popular. With their wide eyes, upturned mouths and light pink coloring, axolotls look cheerful and vaguely idiot-like. But there’s more to axolotls than meets the eye: Their story is one of scientific discovery, exploitation of the natural world, and the work to rebuild humans’ connection with nature. Most amphibians, once they reach adulthood, are able to move to land. Since they breathe, in part, by absorbing oxygen through their moist skin, they tend to stay near water. Axolotls, however, never complete the transformation to a land-dwelling adult form and spend their whole lives in the water. A signature feature of the axolotls’ forever-young look is their wrinkled external gills, which help them breathe in their watery home — the only spot they’re found in the wild: Lake Xochimilco in Mexico City. It’s a bit of a scientific mystery why axolotls don’t transform into adult, land-dwelling versions of themselves. One hypothesis, according to Dr. Luis Zambrano, a professor of zoology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, is that the environment in Lake Xochimilco had enough resources for the salamanders that “it was by far better for them not to expend energy transforming and stay in the lake.” In 1864, a French army officer brought live axolotls back to Europe, where scientists were surprised to learn that the seemingly juvenile (幼年的) aquatic salamanders were capable of reproduction. Since then, scientists around the world have studied axolotls and their DNA to learn about the salamanders’ unusual transformation as well as their ability to regrow injured body parts. In addition to their role in labs, axolotls have become popular in the exotic pet trade. However, the axolotls you might find at a pet shop are different from their wild relatives in Lake Xochimilco. Most wild axolotls are a dark grayish brown. The famous pink axolotls, as well as other color variants such as white, blue, yellow and black, are genetic abnormal phenomenon that are rare in the wild but selectively bred for the pet trade. What’s more, “most of the animals in the pet trade have a very small genetic divide,” Zambrano said. Pet axolotls tend to be inbred and lack the wide flow of different genes that makes up a healthy population in the wild. That means that the axolotl extinction crisis can’t simply be solved by dumping pet axolotls into Lake Xochimilco. The introduction of axolotls to Minecraft in 2021 neatly led to a slight increase in Google searches for the animals, and social media makes it easy for people to gain access to photos and videos of the salamanders. The axolotl pet trade probably doesn’t directly harm the wild populations since wild salamanders aren’t being poached or taken from Lake Xochimilco. However, axolotls’ popularity and pet stores might make people assume that because axolotls live in all the tanks around the world, they are not in danger. Getting people to recognize that their favorite, friendly faced salamander doesn’t just exist in the vacuum of the internet, but in the real world where it faces severe conservation challenges still has a long way to go. 74. What can we infer from the third paragraph? A. If resources were scarce, axolotls would likely transform. B. The mystery of axolotl’s evolution has been uncovered by Luis. C. Axolotls can thrive in Lake Xochimilco with limited resources. D. Axolotls don’t have enough energy and resources to transform. 75. The author will most probably agree that _________. A. the popularity of pet axolotls has also made their wild relatives popular in pet trade B. the inbreeding of pet axolotls could cause health issues not present in wild populations C. pet axolotls are more likely to adapt to environmental changes than their wild counterparts D. colorful wild salamanders are so popular that they are overfished to the point of extinction 76. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the last paragraph? A. Social media could mislead the public into thinking that axolotls are not endangered. B. Social media has no significant effect on the perception of axolotls among pet owners. C. The popularity of axolotls in pop culture will directly enhance their survival in the wild. D. Increased online visibility of axolotls causes greater public support for conservation efforts. 77. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Axolotls: Cute Faces, Critical Futures B. Axolotls: Special Colors, Ultimate Pets C. Saving Axolotls: The Combined Efforts D. Studying Axolotls: From Land to Water Section B (8’) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The quality of patience goes a long way toward your goal of creating a more peaceful and loving self. The more patient you are, the more accepting you will be of what life is, rather than insisting that life be exactly as you would like it to be. Without patience, life is extremely frustrating. ____78____ Patience adds some ease and acceptance to your life. It’s important for inner peace. ____79____ If you are stuck in a traffic jam, late for an appointment, being patient would mean keeping yourself from building a mental snowball before your thinking gets out of hand and gently reminding yourself to relax. It might also be a good time to breathe as well as an opportunity to remind yourself that, in the bigger scheme of things, being late is “small stuff”. Patience is a quality of heart that can be greatly enhanced with deliberate practice. ____80____ They are the periods of time that I set up in my mind to practice the art of patience. Life itself becomes a classroom, and the curriculum is patience. You can start with as little as five minutes and build up your capacity for patience over time. What you’ll discover is truly amazing. Your intention to be patient, especially if you know it’s only for a short while, immediately strengthens your capacity for patience. Patience is one of those qualities where success feeds on itself. Once you reach little milestone — five minutes of successful patience — you’ll begin to see that you do indeed have the capacity to be patient, even for longer periods of time. Over time, you may even become a patient person. Being patient will help you to keep your perspective. You will see even a difficult situation, say your present challenge, isn’t “life or death” but simply a minor obstacle that must be dealt with. ____81____ A. An effective way that I have found to deepen my own patience is to create actual practice periods. B. You are more easily annoyed and bothered. C. It is generally believed that the quality of being patient is very difficult to develop. D. Becoming more patient involves opening your heart to the present moment, even if you don’t like it. E. Without patience, you will see the same scene as an emergency complete with yelling, frustration, hurt feelings. F. If you lack patience, you are destined to fail in what you are pursuing. V. Translation (15’=3’*5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 82. 读者更容易对有插图的书籍产生共鸣。（illustrate）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 83. 近几十年来，许多国家见证了大批移民涌入。（scale）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 84. 这部纪录片呼吁大家反思自己的日常习惯。（reflect）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 85. 结果显示，残疾人使用公共交通的渠道很有限。（access）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 86. 一得知这个消息，他就大哭起来。（inform）（汉译英） _______________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $