精品解析：江苏南京市高淳外国语学校2026年九年级考前预测英语试题

2026年南京市高淳外国语学校九年级第三次模拟考试 英语试题 2026.6 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，全卷满分90分，考试时间为90分钟。 2. 选择题答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡指定位置。 选择题(共40分) 一、微完形填空(共3篇短文;每篇5小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In the far north of Norway, the phenomenon of the “Midnight Sun” transforms daily life. For nearly two months, the sun never sets, casting a golden glow over the fjords at 1 AM. This continuous daylight is both a blessing and a challenge. Tourists flock to witness the surreal scenery, but locals struggle with sleep ____1____. The body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm, relies on darkness to produce melatonin, a hormone that regulates rest. Without night, many residents report chronic fatigue and difficulty concentrating. To cope, they install blackout curtains and follow strict routines. Interestingly, some studies suggest that humans can adapt ____2____ to extreme light conditions if given enough time. However, the psychological effect of perpetual daylight should not be underestimated. “It’s like your brain never receives the signal to shut down,” says Dr. Eriksen, a sleep specialist in Tromsø. “____3____ you are exhausted, you may still find it impossible to fall asleep.” For visitors, the experience is often magical but short-lived. Locals, ____4____, have developed a love-hate relationship with the Midnight Sun. They cherish the vibrant summer energy but long for the return of dark, starry nights. This delicate balance between wonder and weariness makes the Arctic a truly unique place. ____5____ the end, human beings are remarkably flexible, yet the power of natural cycles remains undeniable. 1. A. patterns B. disorders C. stages D. depths 2. A. gradually B. violently C. randomly D. deliberately 3. A. Even if B. As though C. Now that D. In case 4. A. in addition B. by contrast C. on the contrary D. for instance 5. A. At B. By C. In D. On B The art of paper quilling, which involves rolling and shaping thin strips of paper into intricate designs, dates back to the Renaissance. Back then, European nuns and monks would use gilded paper scraps to decorate religious objects, creating delicate imitations of gold filigree. Over centuries, this craft nearly disappeared, only to experience a revival in the 21st century as a form of mindful creativity. Unlike digital art, quilling requires patience and a ____6____ touch; a single slip of the tweezers can ruin hours of work. For many practitioners, the repetitive motions of coiling and gluing serve as a meditation, lowering cortisol levels and enhancing focus. “It’s not about producing a masterpiece,” explains Emma Chen, a quilling artist based in Shanghai. “____7____ process itself brings a sense of order to a chaotic mind.” Social media has fueled its popularity, with short videos demonstrating how flat strips can be ____8____ into three-dimensional flowers, animals, and abstract patterns. Yet purists argue that true quilling cannot be rushed; it demands unhurried absorption. Some therapists now recommend quilling to patients recovering from anxiety disorders, as the tactile feedback and visible progress build confidence. “____9____ other crafts that require expensive tools, quilling needs only paper, glue, and a steady hand,” Chen adds. The ____10____ of this ancient art lies precisely in its simplicity—a reminder that beauty often arises from humble beginnings. 6. A. rough B. steady C. loose D. casual 7. A. One B. That C. The D. Such 8. A. transferred B. transformed C. transported D. transplanted 9. A. Unlike B. Like C. Besides D. Despite 10. A. glory B. origin C. charm D. mystery C Mosses are often overlooked in the plant kingdom, yet they possess extraordinary resilience. These tiny, non-vascular plants can survive extreme dehydration, losing up to 95% of their water content and remaining dormant for decades. When rain finally arrives, they spring back to life within hours, resuming photosynthesis as if nothing happened. Scientists have long been fascinated by this ability, which is governed by a set of unique genes that code for “desiccation tolerance.” Unlike flowering plants, which use roots to draw water, mosses absorb moisture directly through their leaves. This makes them highly sensitive to air quality, ____11____ excellent bioindicators for pollution monitoring. In cities like Tokyo and London, researchers have mapped moss distribution to identify clean-air zones. Moreover, mosses play a critical role in carbon sequestration, storing carbon in thick peat layers that can remain ____12____ by humans for millennia. However, climate change threatens these ancient ecosystems. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts push many moss species beyond their recovery limits. “We are losing biodiversity that took millions of years to evolve,” warns Dr. Patel, a bryologist. “What we don’t realize is that the ____13____ of a single moss species could disrupt entire water cycles in upland areas.” Conservation efforts are now focusing on creating “moss banks” — frozen repositories of spores and tissues. ____14____ the fact that they lack the visual appeal of orchids or birds of paradise, mosses deserve our attention. Their survival strategies might one day inspire new technologies for water conservation and space agriculture. In a world of rapid change, these humble plants remind us that ____15____ does not always mean weakness. 11. A. making B. becoming C. turning D. serving 12. A. untouched B. uncovered C. unfolded D. unbroken 13. A. loss B. lack C. leak D. lock 14. A. Apart from B. Because of C. Despite D. Thanks to 15. A. littleness B. stillness C. fragility D. rigidity 二、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It was a stormy night in November when I first met “Old Jack” at the homeless shelter. He sat in the corner, silently reading a worn-out copy of Moby Dick. Unlike others who often complained or slept, Jack carried himself with a quiet dignity. I was a volunteer then, young and idealistic, believing that a warm meal and a bed could solve everything. Jack taught me otherwise. One evening, he pointed to a sentence in the book: “It is not down in any map; true places never are.” He said, “That’s where I’ve been living my whole life—in places no map shows.” I didn’t understand then. Over weeks, I learned that Jack had been a literature professor at a small college until a family tragedy ____16____ him into depression and eventually onto the streets. He never begged; he never asked for sympathy. What he ____17____ was not money or food, but someone to listen to his interpretations of Melville or Whitman. The shelter manager thought he was crazy. I thought he was the sanest person I knew. One day, the city announced a plan to tear down the shelter for a luxury apartment complex. The residents were ____18____—where would they go? Jack surprised everyone. He wrote a letter to the city council, quoting from legal texts and historical preservation acts, arguing that the building itself had been a haven for a century. His words were so ____19____ and well-structured that the council delayed the demolition. A local newspaper picked up the story. People donated funds, and the shelter was saved. When asked how he knew all that, Jack simply smiled and said, “I used to teach rhetoric. ____20____ you know how to use language, you can fight anything.” For the first time, I saw the other residents look at Jack with respect, not pity. He became an unofficial leader, organizing reading circles and even teaching basic literacy to those who wanted to learn. He never tried to leave the shelter, even when offers of housing came. “I’ve found my ‘true place’,” he told me. “It’s not about four walls. It’s about being ____21____ to someone who needs a story.” Months later, I finished my volunteer term and moved away. Last year, I heard that Jack had passed away peacefully in his sleep. The shelter named its library after him. Whenever I feel lost or ____22____, I recall Jack’s weathered face and the fire in his eyes when he spoke of Ishmael’s journey. He taught me that every person carries a universe inside them, often hidden beneath layers of hardship. We are so quick to ____23____ based on appearances, yet so slow to listen. Jack never wanted to be saved; he wanted to be seen. And in seeing him, I learned that compassion is not about fixing others but about ____24____ their reality without judgment. That night, I had thought I was giving him a meal. In truth, he was feeding my soul. Some gifts are never ____25____ on any receipt. 16. A. forced B. tricked C. plunged D. invited 17. A. deserved B. lacked C. offered D. craved 18. A. relieved B. panicky C. delighted D. indifferent 19. A. abstract B. childish C. persuasive D. vague 20. A. Unless B. While C. Once D. Although 21. A. useful B. familiar C. loyal D. close 22. A. discouraged B. thrilled C. ashamed D. guilty 23. A. help B. judge C. ignore D. admire 24. A. questioning B. changing C. witnessing D. escaping 25. A. recorded B. valued C. expected D. demanded 三、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In 2024, a team of marine biologists from the University of Auckland made a startling discovery: populations of the “brittle star” (a relative of starfish) in the Southern Ocean have developed a genetic adaptation to rapidly warming waters. This echinoderm, which usually takes decades to evolve new traits, showed detectable changes within just 15 years—a phenomenon scientists call “evolutionary rescue.” The key was a set of genes controlling heat-shock proteins, which repair cellular damage caused by temperature stress. Normally, these genes activate only under extreme heat. In the adapted brittle stars, they remain permanently switched on, at a low level, acting as a constant cellular defense. Dr. Mariana Costa, lead author of the study published in Nature Climate Change, explains: “This is both hopeful and alarming. Hopeful because it shows that evolution can happen faster than we thought. Alarming because the fact that these animals needed to adapt so quickly indicates how severe the environmental pressure has become.” The research team compared DNA samples from 2008 and 2023. They found that a specific allele (variant of a gene) increased from 12% to 78% in the population. This allele allows the brittle star to maintain normal metabolism even when water temperatures rise by 3°C above the historical average. However, Costa warns that not all species will be so lucky. Brittle stars have large population sizes and short generation times (about two years), which accelerates natural selection. Long-lived animals like whales or sharks, and species with small populations, lack this advantage. Moreover, the brittle star’s adaptation comes at a cost: individuals with the “always-on” heat-shock genes consume 20% more energy, making them less resilient to food shortages. “Evolution is a trade-off,” Costa says. “We cannot rely on nature to solve our problems for us.” The study has sparked debate among conservationists. Some argue that it justifies a “wait and see” approach to climate policy, suggesting that ecosystems may adapt on their own. Others insist that the brittle star is an exception, not the rule, and that humanity must slash emissions immediately. As Costa puts it, “We just documented a miracle of evolution. But miracles are rare. We should not expect another one.” 26. What is the main finding of the study led by Dr. Mariana Costa? A. Brittle stars have become extinct due to rapid warming. B. A brittle star population evolved heat resistance in 15 years. C. Heat-shock proteins are useless for deep-sea creatures. D. Climate change has no effect on echinoderms. 27. Why does Dr. Costa describe the adaptation as “both hopeful and alarming”? A. Because the change is permanent but costly. B. Because evolution can be fast, but the need for it is dire. C. Because brittle stars are replacing other species. D. Because the study was based on faulty data. 28. Which species would most likely struggle to evolve similarly? A. Fruit flies with 10 generations per year. B. Bacteria with rapid reproduction rates. C. Blue whales with slow reproduction. D. Weeds with large seed production. 29. What is one negative consequence of the brittle star’s adaptation? A. They become unable to reproduce. B. They require more oxygen than before. C. They use more energy, risking starvation. D. Their genes become permanently damaged. B The term “second-hand embarrassment” (or vicarious embarrassment) describes the uncomfortable feeling we get when watching someone else trip on stage, forget their lines, or commit a social faux pas. Neurologically, this response is rooted in mirror neurons — brain cells that fire both when we perform an action and when we observe someone else performing the same action. In other words, our brains simulate the other person’s experience, including their emotional pain. A 2018 study from University College London used fMRI scans to show that observing a clumsy act activates the same anterior cingulate cortex region that processes one’s own physical pain. This is why we may literally “cringe”—our muscles tense as if we ourselves are falling. But why would evolution preserve such an unpleasant response? Evolutionary psychologists argue that vicarious embarrassment serves as a social learning tool. By feeling the sting of another’s mistake, we internalize the lesson without suffering the actual consequences. A child who watches a peer get scolded for stealing cookies learns not to steal, even without direct punishment. This mechanism strengthens group cohesion: individuals who show signs of vicarious embarrassment are perceived as more empathetic and trustworthy, increasing their chances of being included in cooperative networks. However, cultural differences shape the intensity and triggers of second-hand embarrassment. In “honor-shame” cultures (e.g., Japan, Middle Eastern countries), people experience stronger vicarious embarrassment for violations of social hierarchy or public decorum. In contrast, “guilt-based” cultures (e.g., United States, Western Europe) focus more on individual achievements, so cringe reactions are strongest when someone appears incompetent rather than impolite. Psychologist Dr. Yumi Tanaka from Kyoto University notes: “When a Japanese businessman bows to the wrong person, bystanders feel nearly as much shame as the bowee. An American observer might just chuckle and say ‘awkward’.” Recent research has explored whether we can reduce second-hand embarrassment. Practicing mindfulness—observing without judging—can lower its intensity. Also, reminding ourselves that the embarrassed person will likely survive the incident helps. Interestingly, people with damage to the prefrontal cortex, which regulates emotional self-control, report almost no vicarious embarrassment, suggesting that a well-functioning brain is both a gift and a curse. 30. What is the function of mirror neurons in vicarious embarrassment? A. They prevent us from feeling others’ pain. B. They simulate the observed person’s emotional state. C. They only activate during physical exercise. D. They help us forget embarrassing moments. 31. According to evolutionary psychologists, why does vicarious embarrassment exist? A. To punish people who make mistakes. B. To help us learn socially without personal risk. C. To make us avoid watching clumsy people. D. To increase competition within groups. 32. In honor-shame cultures, people feel strongest vicarious embarrassment when: A. Someone performs poorly on a test. B. Someone loses a sports match. C. Someone breaks a social rule publicly. D. Someone forgets a birthday. 33. What can reduce the feeling of second-hand embarrassment? A. Focusing intently on the awkward moment. B. Telling yourself the person will be fine. C. Damaging your prefrontal cortex. D. Blaming the victim for their mistake. C In 2023, the European Space Agency’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) captured high-resolution images of Ganymede’s surface, revealing a complex network of ridges and troughs that resemble Earth’s plate tectonics—but made of ice. Ganymede, the largest moon in our solar system, is covered by a thick crust of water ice. Underneath, scientists believe there is a saltwater ocean kept liquid by tidal forces from Jupiter. The newly discovered ice-tectonic features suggest that this icy shell is moving, sinking, and recycling, just like Earth’s lithosphere. This process, called “cold tectonics,” could have profound implications for the search for extraterrestrial life. On Earth, plate tectonics drives the carbon cycle, regulates global temperatures over millions of years, and stirs up nutrients essential for life. If Ganymede has similar movements—albeit in ice—its subsurface ocean might receive a steady supply of chemical energy and nutrients from the icy crust above. “Wherever we find moving plates and fluid interaction, we increase the chance of finding complex chemistry,” says Dr. Lena Schwarz, a planetary geologist at the German Aerospace Center. “Ganymede just became a top candidate for habitability.” The discovery was made possible by comparing JUICE data with models of glacial motion on Earth. On Ganymede, temperatures are so low (-160°C) that ice behaves like rock—brittle and capable of faulting. The images show linear grooves hundreds of kilometers long, with parallel ridges that shift horizontally, exactly like strike-slip faults on Earth (e.g., the San Andreas Fault). This indicates that Ganymede’s ice shell is not a frozen, dead lid but a dynamic system. Computer simulations suggest that the tidal flexing caused by Jupiter’s gravity generates enough stress to crack the ice and drive slow, creeping motion. However, the energy source for Ganymede’s tectonics remains debated. Unlike Earth, which has radioactive decay in its mantle, Ganymede’s heat comes almost entirely from tidal friction. Some researchers argue that the observed features could be relics of a past, more active period, and that current motion is minimal. The next step is to measure seismic activity using a future lander mission. “If we detect ice-quakes, that would be the smoking gun,” Schwarz adds. 34. What makes Ganymede different from many other icy moons? A. It has liquid water on its surface. B. Its ice crust may be tectonically active. C. It orbits Saturn instead of Jupiter. D. It has no subsurface ocean. 35. Why is plate tectonics important for habitability on Earth? A. It creates volcanoes that produce oxygen. B. It recycles nutrients and regulates climate. C. It prevents earthquakes from happening. D. It keeps the core completely solid. 36. What evidence suggests strike-slip faulting on Ganymede? A. Presence of liquid water geysers. B. Long linear ridges shifting horizontally. C. Absence of any surface cracks. D. Constant temperature across the moon. 37. What would confirm that Ganymede’s ice tectonics is currently active? A. Finding fossils on the surface. B. Detecting ice-quakes with a lander. C. Observing volcanic eruptions. D. Discovering a magnetic field. D The rise of “deepfake” technology has alarmed governments worldwide, but a lesser-known threat lurks in the form of “voice skinning”—using AI to clone a person’s voice from just a few seconds of audio. Cybercriminals have already exploited this to trick employees into transferring funds, claiming to be the CEO. In one 2024 case, a British energy firm lost $243,000 after a manager received a call from a deepfake of his German boss’s voice, complete with the subtle accent and phrasing. The fraud was detected only after the money was gone. Traditional voice authentication systems, which rely on comparing spectrograms, are increasingly vulnerable. In response, researchers are developing “liveness detection” for voices. The approach is similar to anti-spoofing in facial recognition: ask the speaker to perform a random action that a pre-recorded clip cannot. For example, the system might say, “Now say the number 5 while humming.” A real human can do this; a deepfake, which plays back a fixed sample, cannot. More advanced methods analyze the acoustic properties of the vocal tract—tiny, involuntary micro-fluctuations that occur when a person breathes or shifts posture. These “biometric signatures” are nearly impossible for AI to synthesize because they are chaotic and context-dependent. Nevertheless, attackers are adapting. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can now simulate breathing patterns if fed enough training data. The arms race between forgery and detection continues. Legal frameworks are lagging; in most countries, using a deepfake voice for fraud is prosecuted under existing wire fraud laws, which do not fully address the unique challenges of synthetic media. For instance, how do you prove intent when the criminal claims the AI “accidentally” generated the voice? And what recourse does a victim have against an anonymous botnet? Some tech companies advocate for “watermarking” all AI-generated audio—embedding an inaudible digital signature that can be traced. Critics argue that watermarking can be stripped, and it places the burden on creators rather than on detection systems. Europe’s proposed AI Act includes a requirement for clear labeling of deepfakes, but enforcement is problematic. As Dr. Helen Zhou, a cybersecurity professor at MIT, warns: “We are training people to trust nothing they hear. That erosion of trust may be the deepest damage of all.” 38. What is “voice skinning” primarily used for in the context of the passage? A. Entertainment and dubbing for movies. B. Assisting people with speech disabilities. C. Committing financial fraud. D. Improving voice assistant accuracy. 39. How does “liveness detection” work for voices? A. It compares the voice to a database of celebrities. B. It asks the speaker to perform a random, unrepeatable action. C. It records the call for manual review later. D. It blocks all calls from unknown numbers. 40. What is a major legal challenge mentioned regarding deepfake voice fraud? A. There are no laws against cybercrime. B. Proving criminal intent is difficult. C. All deepfakes are protected as free speech. D. Banks refuse to cooperate with police. 非选择题(共50分) 四、填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使短文意思完整正确。 In the dense rainforests of Borneo, researchers have identified a new species of fungus that glows in the dark. This ____41____ (非凡的) discovery was made by accident when a team was searching for medicinal plants. The mushroom’s bioluminescence is so bright that it can ____42____ (指引) lost hikers toward safety at night. Local tribes have long known about the “ghost fungus” but never shared their knowledge with outsiders. Scientists are now racing to ____43____ (提取) the chemical compounds responsible for the glow, hoping to develop energy-free lighting for remote areas. However, the fungus grows only on a specific type of ____44____ (腐烂的) wood found in a tiny region threatened by logging. Conservationists urge the government to create a protected zone before the species goes ____45____ (灭绝). 请根据短文意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The concept of “circular economy” has gained traction as a solution to waste. Unlike the linear “take-make-dispose” model, circularity aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible. For example, a smartphone ____46____ (design) with modular parts can be easily repaired, reducing electronic waste. In the Netherlands, a startup has developed a washing machine that can be ____47____ (full) disassembled in 15 minutes, allowing each component to be recycled or reused. Critics argue that circular systems require massive ____48____ (invest) in reverse logistics, which many companies are unwilling to make. Nevertheless, the European Union has set ____49____ (ambition) targets: by 2030, all packaging must be reusable or recyclable. ____50____ (consume) also play a role; choosing to repair instead of replace is a small but powerful act. 请阅读下面对话，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空(有一个多余选项)。 in turn due to restored accessible conservation dramatic Amy: Have you visited the newly renovated Natural History Museum? Tom: Not yet. I heard it was closed for two years ____51____ structural problems. Amy: Yes, but now it’s fully ____52____. They added a whole wing about biodiversity and climate change. Tom: That sounds interesting. What’s the highlight? Amy: There’s a life-sized model of a blue whale made entirely from plastic waste collected from the Pacific. It’s quite ____53____. And it emphasizes the urgency of ocean ____54____. Tom: Does the museum still have the dinosaur skeletons? Amy: Absolutely! Those have been carefully ____55____. The difference is that now each exhibit explains how ancient extinctions relate to current environmental threats. 五、阅读填空(共19小题;满分20分) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在表格中第1~8小题的空格里填入最恰当的单词，回答第9小题。 The Hidden Toll of Light Pollution When we think of pollution, images of smokestacks and plastic-choked rivers come to mind. Yet a quieter, more pervasive form of pollution has been steadily reshaping ecosystems: artificial light at night (ALAN). Over the past century, the average night sky brightness has increased by nearly 10% per year due to urban development. For billions of city dwellers, the Milky Way has become a forgotten memory. But the consequences extend far beyond lost wonder. Nocturnal animals are especially vulnerable. Sea turtle hatchlings, which rely on moonlight reflecting off the ocean to find their way to water, often crawl toward glaring beachfront hotels instead, dying of dehydration or being eaten by predators. Migratory birds, using stars for navigation, become disoriented by city glow, crashing into illuminated buildings. One study in Chicago found that reducing window lights during migration season cut bird deaths by 80%. Insects, the base of many food webs, are fatally attracted to bright lights; a single streetlamp can kill hundreds of moths per night, disrupting pollination and leaving bats without prey. Human health is not immune. Exposure to blue-rich light at night suppresses melatonin production, increasing risks of sleep disorders, depression, obesity, and even breast cancer. The American Medical Association now recommends that outdoor lighting be “warm-white” (below 3000 Kelvin) and fully shielded to direct light downward. Unfortunately, many municipalities continue to use energy-efficient but blue-rich LEDs, prioritizing cost savings over well-being. Solutions exist but require collective will. Flagstaff, Arizona, became the world’s first “Dark Sky City” in 2001, enforcing strict lighting codes without compromising safety. Since then, energy use has dropped, and tourism for stargazing has boomed. Similarly, Chile’s Atacama Desert, home to the world’s most powerful telescopes, has legislated “light-free zones” within 150 kilometers of observatories. On an individual level, we can install motion sensors and timers, close curtains at night, and advocate for better street lighting. Light pollution is reversible — unlike plastic in the ocean or CO₂ in the atmosphere. Turning off unnecessary lights at midnight doesn’t erase past emissions, but it immediately restores darkness for wildlife and wonder for humans. As the International Dark-Sky Association puts it: “The stars belong to everyone. We simply need to let them shine.” Definition of ALAN Artificial light at night, increasing nearly 10% annually ____56____ to urban growth. Effects on animals Sea turtles: misled by beach lights, fail to reach the ____57____. Migratory birds: crash into buildings due to ____58____ navigation. Insects: drawn to lights, leading to ____59____ in pollination. Human health risks Suppressed melatonin ____60____ sleep disorders and cancer. Recommended solution Use warm-white, fully ____61____ lights that point downward. Successful examples Flagstaff, Arizona: first Dark Sky City with lower energy use and more ____62____. Individual actions Install motion sensors, close curtains, ____63____ for better lighting. 56. ________ 57. ________ 58. ________ 59. ________ 60. ________ 61. ________ 62. ________ 63. ________ 64. Question: According to the passage, why is light pollution considered “reversible” compared to other forms of pollution? (Answer in no more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________ 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Imagine stepping into a room and commanding your computer by simply thinking—no keyboard, no mouse, no voice. This is the promise of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) , devices that decode neural signals into digital commands. In 2025, the first commercially available non-invasive BCI headband, named “Nexus”, went on sale for under $500. The device uses electroencephalography (EEG) to detect patterns associated with focused attention, relaxation, and even imagined movement. Early a____65____ have been impressive: users can play simple video games, type at 15 words per minute, and control smart home devices, all without lifting a finger. But BCIs are not just toys. For people with severe paralysis, they offer a l____66____ to communication and independence. In a landmark trial, a patient with locked-in syndrome used a BCI to tell his daughter, “I love you” for the first time in seven years. The words were generated by a computer s____67____ but the intent was purely human. However, this technology also raises unsettling q____68____. Who owns the data generated by your brain activity? Could an employer require BCI monitoring to ensure “productivity”? Could a court s____69____ your neural patterns as evidence? Current privacy laws have no answer. The security risks are equally frightening. Researchers have demonstrated that a malicious hacker, given access to a BCI headband’s Bluetooth connection, could e____70____ private information — such as whether you recognize a face or feel fear. More disturbingly, they could potentially inject false signals, making you feel anxious or tired without cause. Dr. Nina Khurana, a neuroethicist, warns that we are r____71____ toward a future where “brain-hacking” becomes a real crime. She calls for a global treaty to ban the weaponization of BCIs. Despite the risks, investment is pouring in. Tech giants envision a world where you can search the web by simply thinking of a question, or s____72____ a text message without touching your phone. China has included BCI technology in its latest five-year plan, aiming to become a world leader by 2030. Meanwhile, a grassroots movement called “ KeepBrainDataHuman” is pushing for strict r____73____ on commercial use. They argue that the brain is the last private sanctuary, and once breached, there is no retreat. As BCIs become cheaper and more powerful, every one of us will face a choice: embrace the convenience at the cost of mental privacy, or refuse and risk being left behind. Perhaps the most urgent need is not better technology, but wiser g____74____. The future is arriving faster than our laws can run. 六、书面表达(满分15分) 75. 假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举办“A Lesson from Nature”的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿： 1. 描述一个你观察到的自然现象或动植物的行为； 2. 解释这个现象如何启发你解决个人生活中的一个具体问题； 3. 总结你从中获得的感悟。 要求： - 词数90左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； - 内容完整，语句通顺，不得出现真实校名和姓名。 开头： A Lesson from Nature Last summer, I witnessed something in my grandmother’s garden that completely changed how I deal with stress. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年南京市高淳外国语学校九年级第三次模拟考试 英语试题 2026.6 注意事项： 1. 本试卷共10页，全卷满分90分，考试时间为90分钟。 2. 选择题答案用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，非选择题用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡指定位置。 选择题(共40分) 一、微完形填空(共3篇短文;每篇5小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In the far north of Norway, the phenomenon of the “Midnight Sun” transforms daily life. For nearly two months, the sun never sets, casting a golden glow over the fjords at 1 AM. This continuous daylight is both a blessing and a challenge. Tourists flock to witness the surreal scenery, but locals struggle with sleep ____1____. The body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm, relies on darkness to produce melatonin, a hormone that regulates rest. Without night, many residents report chronic fatigue and difficulty concentrating. To cope, they install blackout curtains and follow strict routines. Interestingly, some studies suggest that humans can adapt ____2____ to extreme light conditions if given enough time. However, the psychological effect of perpetual daylight should not be underestimated. “It’s like your brain never receives the signal to shut down,” says Dr. Eriksen, a sleep specialist in Tromsø. “____3____ you are exhausted, you may still find it impossible to fall asleep.” For visitors, the experience is often magical but short-lived. Locals, ____4____, have developed a love-hate relationship with the Midnight Sun. They cherish the vibrant summer energy but long for the return of dark, starry nights. This delicate balance between wonder and weariness makes the Arctic a truly unique place. ____5____ the end, human beings are remarkably flexible, yet the power of natural cycles remains undeniable. 1. A. patterns B. disorders C. stages D. depths 2. A. gradually B. violently C. randomly D. deliberately 3. A. Even if B. As though C. Now that D. In case 4. A. in addition B. by contrast C. on the contrary D. for instance 5. A. At B. By C. In D. On 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍挪威“午夜太阳”现象对居民睡眠的影响，探讨人类对极端光照的适应性及自然周期的重要性。 【1题详解】 句意：游客们蜂拥而至，只为一睹这如梦似幻的景色，但当地人却要与睡眠紊乱作斗争。 结合后文“chronic fatigue and difficulty concentrating（长期疲劳和注意力不集中）”可知，此处指午夜太阳导致的睡眠紊乱问题。disorders“紊乱、失调”最符合语境；patterns“模式”；stages“阶段”；depths“深度”均不符合“阳光持续照射对睡眠造成负面影响”的语境。 【2题详解】 句意：有趣的是，一些研究表明，如果有足够的时间，人类可以逐渐适应极端光照条件。 根据后文“if given enough time”可知，此处表达“逐渐适应”的含义。gradually“逐渐地”符合语境；violently“猛烈地”；randomly“随机地”；deliberately“故意地”均不能体现“随着时间推移慢慢适应”的逻辑。 【3题详解】 句意：“这就像你的大脑从未收到过关闭的信号，”特罗姆瑟的睡眠专家埃里克森博士说。“即使你已经筋疲力尽，你可能仍然发现自己无法入睡。” 结合语境，此处表达让步关系，即“即使很累，也睡不着”。Even if“即使”引导让步状语从句，符合逻辑；As though“好像”；Now that“既然”；In case“以防”均不能表达让步含义。 【4题详解】 句意：对游客来说，这种体验往往很奇妙但很短暂。相比之下，当地人对午夜太阳有着爱恨交织的关系。 前文说游客的体验短暂又美好，后文说当地人的感受复杂，前后是对比关系。by contrast“相比之下”用于对比两种不同情况，符合语境；in addition“此外”表递进；on the contrary“恰恰相反”用于反驳前文观点；for instance“例如”表举例，均不贴合此处的对比逻辑。 【5题详解】 句意：最后，人类的适应能力非常强，但自然周期的力量仍然是不可否认的。 固定搭配“in the end”意为“最后、终于”，符合语境；At通常搭配“at the end of”；By通常搭配“by the end of”；On无此固定搭配。 B The art of paper quilling, which involves rolling and shaping thin strips of paper into intricate designs, dates back to the Renaissance. Back then, European nuns and monks would use gilded paper scraps to decorate religious objects, creating delicate imitations of gold filigree. Over centuries, this craft nearly disappeared, only to experience a revival in the 21st century as a form of mindful creativity. Unlike digital art, quilling requires patience and a ____6____ touch; a single slip of the tweezers can ruin hours of work. For many practitioners, the repetitive motions of coiling and gluing serve as a meditation, lowering cortisol levels and enhancing focus. “It’s not about producing a masterpiece,” explains Emma Chen, a quilling artist based in Shanghai. “____7____ process itself brings a sense of order to a chaotic mind.” Social media has fueled its popularity, with short videos demonstrating how flat strips can be ____8____ into three-dimensional flowers, animals, and abstract patterns. Yet purists argue that true quilling cannot be rushed; it demands unhurried absorption. Some therapists now recommend quilling to patients recovering from anxiety disorders, as the tactile feedback and visible progress build confidence. “____9____ other crafts that require expensive tools, quilling needs only paper, glue, and a steady hand,” Chen adds. The ____10____ of this ancient art lies precisely in its simplicity—a reminder that beauty often arises from humble beginnings. 6. A. rough B. steady C. loose D. casual 7. A. One B. That C. The D. Such 8. A. transferred B. transformed C. transported D. transplanted 9. A. Unlike B. Like C. Besides D. Despite 10. A. glory B. origin C. charm D. mystery 【答案】6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了衍纸艺术的历史复兴及特点，指出其需要耐心且能缓解焦虑，强调这门古老艺术的魅力恰恰在于其简单性。 【6题详解】 句意：与数字艺术不同，衍纸需要耐心和稳定的手法；镊子的一次滑动就会毁掉数小时的工作。 根据“a single slip... can ruin”，可知需要手稳才能避免失误。根据语境，稳定的手法符合精确制作的要求。steady稳定的，符合文意。其他选项无法体现对精确度的要求。故选B。 【7题详解】 句意：这个过程本身给混乱的思绪带来秩序。 根据“process itself”可知特指前文提到的卷纸和粘合的过程。根据语境，定冠词The表示特指。其他选项无法准确特指该过程。故选C。 【8题详解】 句意：短视频展示了扁平纸条如何被转变成三维花朵、动物和抽象图案。 根据“flat strips... into three-dimensional”，可知是从扁平到立体的形态改变。根据语境，“transform into”为固定搭配，意为“转变为”。其他选项transferred“转移”，transported“运输”，transplanted“移植”无变形之意。故选B。 【9题详解】 句意：不像其他需要昂贵工具的手工艺，衍纸只需要纸、胶水和稳定的手。 根据“other crafts that require expensive tools, quilling needs only...”，可知前后形成对比，指出衍纸与其他工艺的不同之处。根据语境，Unlike表示对比关系。其他选项逻辑不通。故选A。 【10题详解】 句意：这门古老艺术的魅力恰恰在于其简单性——提醒我们美往往源于谦逊的开始。 根据“a reminder that beauty often arises from humble beginnings.”可知本句指出艺术吸引人的地方，即艺术的魅力。根据语境，charm符合对艺术价值的描述。其他选项不符合文意。故选C。 C Mosses are often overlooked in the plant kingdom, yet they possess extraordinary resilience. These tiny, non-vascular plants can survive extreme dehydration, losing up to 95% of their water content and remaining dormant for decades. When rain finally arrives, they spring back to life within hours, resuming photosynthesis as if nothing happened. Scientists have long been fascinated by this ability, which is governed by a set of unique genes that code for “desiccation tolerance.” Unlike flowering plants, which use roots to draw water, mosses absorb moisture directly through their leaves. This makes them highly sensitive to air quality, ____11____ excellent bioindicators for pollution monitoring. In cities like Tokyo and London, researchers have mapped moss distribution to identify clean-air zones. Moreover, mosses play a critical role in carbon sequestration, storing carbon in thick peat layers that can remain ____12____ by humans for millennia. However, climate change threatens these ancient ecosystems. Rising temperatures and prolonged droughts push many moss species beyond their recovery limits. “We are losing biodiversity that took millions of years to evolve,” warns Dr. Patel, a bryologist. “What we don’t realize is that the ____13____ of a single moss species could disrupt entire water cycles in upland areas.” Conservation efforts are now focusing on creating “moss banks” — frozen repositories of spores and tissues. ____14____ the fact that they lack the visual appeal of orchids or birds of paradise, mosses deserve our attention. Their survival strategies might one day inspire new technologies for water conservation and space agriculture. In a world of rapid change, these humble plants remind us that ____15____ does not always mean weakness. 11. A. making B. becoming C. turning D. serving 12. A. untouched B. uncovered C. unfolded D. unbroken 13. A. loss B. lack C. leak D. lock 14. A. Apart from B. Because of C. Despite D. Thanks to 15. A. littleness B. stillness C. fragility D. rigidity 【答案】11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了苔藓植物的韧性、作为生物指示剂的作用、碳储存功能及面临的威胁，呼吁人们关注苔藓保护。 【11题详解】 句意：这使得它们对空气质量高度敏感，成为污染监测的优秀生物指示剂。 苔藓对空气质量高度敏感，因此能“作为”污染监测的生物指标，making“使……成为”最符合此处因果关系；becoming“成为”，侧重 “自身状态的转变”、turning“变成”、serving“服务”语境不符。 【12题详解】 句意：此外，苔藓在碳固存中起着关键作用，将碳储存在厚厚的泥炭层中，这些泥炭层可以数千年保持不受人类干扰的状态。 根据“storing carbon in thick peat layers”及常识可知，碳被储存是因为泥炭层未分解或未受干扰，untouched“未被触碰的”最符合语境；uncovered“未被覆盖的”、unfolded“未折叠的”、unbroken“未断裂的”都不符合语境。 【13题详解】 句意：我们没有意识到的是，单一苔藓物种的丧失可能会破坏高地地区的整个水循环。 根据上文“climate change threatens these ancient ecosystems”及“We are losing biodiversity”可知，此处指物种的消失或丧失，loss“丧失、消失” 与前文呼应；lack“缺乏”、leak“泄漏”、lock“锁”语义与语境完全不符。 【14题详解】 句意：尽管它们缺乏兰花或天堂鸟那样的视觉吸引力，苔藓值得我们关注。 前后句为转折让步关系，Despite“尽管”可直接接名词短语，体现“虽然没有吸引力，但仍值得关注”的逻辑；Apart from“除了……之外”、Because of“由于”、Thanks to“多亏了”无法体现让步关系。 【15题详解】 句意：在一个快速变化的世界里，这些卑微的植物提醒我们，渺小并不总是意味着软弱。 根据文章开头“tiny, non-vascular plants”及结尾“humble plants”可知，文章强调苔藓体型小但韧性强。littleness“渺小、微小”直接对应苔藓“tiny”的特征，与后文“weakness”形成对比；stillness“静止”、 fragility“脆弱”、rigidity“僵硬”都与苔藓的核心特征无关。 二、完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 It was a stormy night in November when I first met “Old Jack” at the homeless shelter. He sat in the corner, silently reading a worn-out copy of Moby Dick. Unlike others who often complained or slept, Jack carried himself with a quiet dignity. I was a volunteer then, young and idealistic, believing that a warm meal and a bed could solve everything. Jack taught me otherwise. One evening, he pointed to a sentence in the book: “It is not down in any map; true places never are.” He said, “That’s where I’ve been living my whole life—in places no map shows.” I didn’t understand then. Over weeks, I learned that Jack had been a literature professor at a small college until a family tragedy ____16____ him into depression and eventually onto the streets. He never begged; he never asked for sympathy. What he ____17____ was not money or food, but someone to listen to his interpretations of Melville or Whitman. The shelter manager thought he was crazy. I thought he was the sanest person I knew. One day, the city announced a plan to tear down the shelter for a luxury apartment complex. The residents were ____18____—where would they go? Jack surprised everyone. He wrote a letter to the city council, quoting from legal texts and historical preservation acts, arguing that the building itself had been a haven for a century. His words were so ____19____ and well-structured that the council delayed the demolition. A local newspaper picked up the story. People donated funds, and the shelter was saved. When asked how he knew all that, Jack simply smiled and said, “I used to teach rhetoric. ____20____ you know how to use language, you can fight anything.” For the first time, I saw the other residents look at Jack with respect, not pity. He became an unofficial leader, organizing reading circles and even teaching basic literacy to those who wanted to learn. He never tried to leave the shelter, even when offers of housing came. “I’ve found my ‘true place’,” he told me. “It’s not about four walls. It’s about being ____21____ to someone who needs a story.” Months later, I finished my volunteer term and moved away. Last year, I heard that Jack had passed away peacefully in his sleep. The shelter named its library after him. Whenever I feel lost or ____22____, I recall Jack’s weathered face and the fire in his eyes when he spoke of Ishmael’s journey. He taught me that every person carries a universe inside them, often hidden beneath layers of hardship. We are so quick to ____23____ based on appearances, yet so slow to listen. Jack never wanted to be saved; he wanted to be seen. And in seeing him, I learned that compassion is not about fixing others but about ____24____ their reality without judgment. That night, I had thought I was giving him a meal. In truth, he was feeding my soul. Some gifts are never ____25____ on any receipt. 16. A. forced B. tricked C. plunged D. invited 17. A. deserved B. lacked C. offered D. craved 18. A. relieved B. panicky C. delighted D. indifferent 19. A. abstract B. childish C. persuasive D. vague 20. A. Unless B. While C. Once D. Although 21. A. useful B. familiar C. loyal D. close 22. A. discouraged B. thrilled C. ashamed D. guilty 23. A. help B. judge C. ignore D. admire 24. A. questioning B. changing C. witnessing D. escaping 25. A. recorded B. valued C. expected D. demanded 【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. C 21. A 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者在收容所做志愿者时，认识了曾为文学教授却因家庭悲剧流落街头的Jack，Jack以语言的力量保住了收容所，也让作者领悟到：真正的同情并非拯救他人，而是不带评判地正视他人处境的故事。 【16题详解】 句意：几周后我了解到，Jack曾是一所小型学院的文学教授，直到一场家庭悲剧使他陷入抑郁，最终流落街头。 根据“family tragedy”和“into depression” 的语境，“plunge sb into sth”为固定搭配，意为“使某人陷入（某种负面状态）”，符合语境；forced（强迫）、tricked（欺骗）、invited（邀请）均无法体现悲剧带来的沉重打击，不符合搭配与语境，故排除。 【17题详解】 句意：他从不乞讨，也从不寻求同情。他渴望的不是钱或食物，而是有人倾听他对梅尔维尔或惠特曼作品的解读。 根据前文“He never begged; he never asked for sympathy”及后文“not money or food, but someone to listen to his interpretations”可知，此处表达他内心真正渴求的事物，craved（渴望，渴求）符合语境；deserved（应得）、lacked（缺乏）、offered（提供）均无法体现他对被倾听的强烈向往，不符合语境，故排除。 【18题详解】 句意：一天，市政府宣布计划拆除收容所，建造豪华公寓楼。居民们都很恐慌——他们要去哪里？ 根据后文“where would they go?”的疑问，以及收容所将被拆除、居民无家可归的处境可知，居民们处于惊慌失措的状态，panicky（恐慌的）符合语境；relieved（宽慰的）、delighted（高兴的）、indifferent（冷漠的）均与后文的疑问和困境矛盾，不符合语境，故排除。 【19题详解】 句意：他的言辞如此有说服力且条理清晰，以至于市议会推迟了拆除计划。 根据后文“the council delayed the demolition” 可知，Jack的言论起到了积极作用，persuasive（有说服力的）符合语境；abstract（抽象的）、childish（幼稚的）、vague（模糊的）均无法让议会推迟拆除，不符合逻辑，故排除。 【20题详解】 句意：当被问到他怎么知道这些时，Jack只是笑着说：“我以前教过修辞学。一旦你懂得如何运用语言，你就能对抗一切。” 根据语境可知，此处表达掌握语言能力与应对困境的条件关系，Once引导条件状语从句，符合逻辑；Unless（除非）、While（当……时候/虽然）、Although（虽然）均无法体现这种条件关系，不符合语境，故排除。 【21题详解】 句意：即使有住房提供，他也从未试图离开收容所。他告诉我：“我找到了自己的‘真正的地方’。这不是关于四面墙，而是对需要故事的人有用。” 根据前文Jack组织阅读圈、教他人识字，以及他渴望他人倾听自己的解读可知，他在收容所找到了自身价值，useful（有用的）符合语境；familiar（熟悉的）、loyal（忠诚的）、close（亲近的）均无法体现他在收容所实现的价值，不符合语境，故排除。 【22题详解】 句意：每当我感到迷茫或沮丧时，我就会想起Jack饱经风霜的脸，以及他说起以实玛利的旅程时眼中的光芒。 根据“or”连接的并列关系，与“lost”并列的应是消极情绪，discouraged（沮丧的，灰心的）符合语境；thrilled（激动的）、ashamed（羞愧的）、guilty（内疚的）均与“迷茫”的情绪不匹配，不符合语境，故排除。 【23题详解】 句意：我们总是如此轻易地根据外表去评判别人，却如此不愿倾听。 根据后文“based on appearances”和“yet so slow to listen” 可知，此处表达人们以貌取人的行为，judge（评判，判断）符合语境；help（帮助）、ignore（忽视）、admire（钦佩）均无法体现“以貌取人”的含义，不符合语境，故排除。 【24题详解】 句意：Jack从不想要被拯救，他想要的是被看见。通过看见他，我明白了同情不是拯救别人，而是不带评判地正视他们的真实处境。 根据前文“he wanted to be seen（他想要被看见）”可知，此处表达同情的核心是正视他人的真实处境，witnessing（见证，正视）符合语境；questioning（质疑）、changing（改变）、escaping（逃避）均与“不带评判地看见”的含义不符，不符合语境，故排除。 【25题详解】 句意：那天晚上，我以为我只是给了他一顿饭。事实上，他却滋养了我的灵魂。有些礼物永远不会被记录在任何收据上。 根据前文“我以为我给了他一顿饭，实则他滋养了我的灵魂”可知，这份灵魂的滋养无法被物质收据记录，recorded（记录）符合语境；valued（重视）、expected（期待）、demanded（要求）均无法体现“不会出现在收据上”的含义，不符合语境，故排除。 三、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In 2024, a team of marine biologists from the University of Auckland made a startling discovery: populations of the “brittle star” (a relative of starfish) in the Southern Ocean have developed a genetic adaptation to rapidly warming waters. This echinoderm, which usually takes decades to evolve new traits, showed detectable changes within just 15 years—a phenomenon scientists call “evolutionary rescue.” The key was a set of genes controlling heat-shock proteins, which repair cellular damage caused by temperature stress. Normally, these genes activate only under extreme heat. In the adapted brittle stars, they remain permanently switched on, at a low level, acting as a constant cellular defense. Dr. Mariana Costa, lead author of the study published in Nature Climate Change, explains: “This is both hopeful and alarming. Hopeful because it shows that evolution can happen faster than we thought. Alarming because the fact that these animals needed to adapt so quickly indicates how severe the environmental pressure has become.” The research team compared DNA samples from 2008 and 2023. They found that a specific allele (variant of a gene) increased from 12% to 78% in the population. This allele allows the brittle star to maintain normal metabolism even when water temperatures rise by 3°C above the historical average. However, Costa warns that not all species will be so lucky. Brittle stars have large population sizes and short generation times (about two years), which accelerates natural selection. Long-lived animals like whales or sharks, and species with small populations, lack this advantage. Moreover, the brittle star’s adaptation comes at a cost: individuals with the “always-on” heat-shock genes consume 20% more energy, making them less resilient to food shortages. “Evolution is a trade-off,” Costa says. “We cannot rely on nature to solve our problems for us.” The study has sparked debate among conservationists. Some argue that it justifies a “wait and see” approach to climate policy, suggesting that ecosystems may adapt on their own. Others insist that the brittle star is an exception, not the rule, and that humanity must slash emissions immediately. As Costa puts it, “We just documented a miracle of evolution. But miracles are rare. We should not expect another one.” 26. What is the main finding of the study led by Dr. Mariana Costa? A. Brittle stars have become extinct due to rapid warming. B. A brittle star population evolved heat resistance in 15 years. C. Heat-shock proteins are useless for deep-sea creatures. D. Climate change has no effect on echinoderms. 27. Why does Dr. Costa describe the adaptation as “both hopeful and alarming”? A. Because the change is permanent but costly. B. Because evolution can be fast, but the need for it is dire. C. Because brittle stars are replacing other species. D. Because the study was based on faulty data. 28. Which species would most likely struggle to evolve similarly? A. Fruit flies with 10 generations per year. B. Bacteria with rapid reproduction rates. C. Blue whales with slow reproduction. D. Weeds with large seed production. 29. What is one negative consequence of the brittle star’s adaptation? A. They become unable to reproduce. B. They require more oxygen than before. C. They use more energy, risking starvation. D. Their genes become permanently damaged. 【答案】26. B 27. B 28. C 29. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现南大洋的脆海星仅用 15 年就进化出耐热基因以适应海水升温，这一快速进化既让人看到物种的适应能力，也警示气候问题严峻，且这种适应存在代价，也并非所有物种都能做到。 【26题详解】 根据第一段“a team of marine biologists…showed detectable changes within just 15 years”可知，研究的主要发现是脆海星种群在短短 15 年内进化出了耐热性。 【27题详解】 根据第二段Dr. Costa的解释“Hopeful because it shows that…how severe the environmental pressure has become”可知，希望在于进化速度比预想快，警报在于需要如此快速进化表明环境压力已非常严峻。 【28题详解】 根据第三段“Long-lived animals like whales or sharks, and species with small populations, lack this advantage”可知，长寿且繁殖慢的动物（如鲸鱼）缺乏快速进化的优势。选项 C中的蓝鲸符合这一特征，因此最难以类似方式进化。 【29题详解】 根据第三段“individuals with the ‘always-on’ heat-shock genes consume 20% more energy, making them less resilient to food shortages”可知，这种适应性的负面后果是消耗更多能量，从而在食物短缺时更脆弱。 B The term “second-hand embarrassment” (or vicarious embarrassment) describes the uncomfortable feeling we get when watching someone else trip on stage, forget their lines, or commit a social faux pas. Neurologically, this response is rooted in mirror neurons — brain cells that fire both when we perform an action and when we observe someone else performing the same action. In other words, our brains simulate the other person’s experience, including their emotional pain. A 2018 study from University College London used fMRI scans to show that observing a clumsy act activates the same anterior cingulate cortex region that processes one’s own physical pain. This is why we may literally “cringe”—our muscles tense as if we ourselves are falling. But why would evolution preserve such an unpleasant response? Evolutionary psychologists argue that vicarious embarrassment serves as a social learning tool. By feeling the sting of another’s mistake, we internalize the lesson without suffering the actual consequences. A child who watches a peer get scolded for stealing cookies learns not to steal, even without direct punishment. This mechanism strengthens group cohesion: individuals who show signs of vicarious embarrassment are perceived as more empathetic and trustworthy, increasing their chances of being included in cooperative networks. However, cultural differences shape the intensity and triggers of second-hand embarrassment. In “honor-shame” cultures (e.g., Japan, Middle Eastern countries), people experience stronger vicarious embarrassment for violations of social hierarchy or public decorum. In contrast, “guilt-based” cultures (e.g., United States, Western Europe) focus more on individual achievements, so cringe reactions are strongest when someone appears incompetent rather than impolite. Psychologist Dr. Yumi Tanaka from Kyoto University notes: “When a Japanese businessman bows to the wrong person, bystanders feel nearly as much shame as the bowee. An American observer might just chuckle and say ‘awkward’.” Recent research has explored whether we can reduce second-hand embarrassment. Practicing mindfulness—observing without judging—can lower its intensity. Also, reminding ourselves that the embarrassed person will likely survive the incident helps. Interestingly, people with damage to the prefrontal cortex, which regulates emotional self-control, report almost no vicarious embarrassment, suggesting that a well-functioning brain is both a gift and a curse. 30. What is the function of mirror neurons in vicarious embarrassment? A. They prevent us from feeling others’ pain. B. They simulate the observed person’s emotional state. C. They only activate during physical exercise. D. They help us forget embarrassing moments. 31. According to evolutionary psychologists, why does vicarious embarrassment exist? A. To punish people who make mistakes. B. To help us learn socially without personal risk. C. To make us avoid watching clumsy people. D. To increase competition within groups. 32. In honor-shame cultures, people feel strongest vicarious embarrassment when: A. Someone performs poorly on a test. B. Someone loses a sports match. C. Someone breaks a social rule publicly. D. Someone forgets a birthday. 33. What can reduce the feeling of second-hand embarrassment? A. Focusing intently on the awkward moment. B. Telling yourself the person will be fine. C. Damaging your prefrontal cortex. D. Blaming the victim for their mistake. 【答案】30. B 31. B 32. C 33. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了间接尴尬的成因（镜像神经元）、进化意义、文化差异，以及缓解这种情绪的方法。 【30题详解】 根据第一段“Neurologically, this response is rooted in mirror neurons...our brains simulate the other person's experience, including their emotional pain”可知，镜像神经元的作用是模拟被观察者的情感状态。 【31题详解】 根据第二段“Evolutionary psychologists argue that…we internalize the lesson without suffering the actual consequences”可知，其存在是为了帮助我们在没有个人风险的情况下进行社会学习。 【32题详解】 根据第三段“In ‘honor-shame’cultures...people experience stronger vicarious embarrassment for violations of social hierarchy or public decorum”可知，在“荣辱文化”地区（如日本、中东国家），人们若看到他人违背社会等级或公共礼仪，会产生更强烈的共情尴尬。 【33题详解】 根据最后一段“Also, reminding ourselves that the embarrassed person will likely survive the incident helps”可知，告诉自己那个人会没事可以减少这种感觉。 C In 2023, the European Space Agency’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) captured high-resolution images of Ganymede’s surface, revealing a complex network of ridges and troughs that resemble Earth’s plate tectonics—but made of ice. Ganymede, the largest moon in our solar system, is covered by a thick crust of water ice. Underneath, scientists believe there is a saltwater ocean kept liquid by tidal forces from Jupiter. The newly discovered ice-tectonic features suggest that this icy shell is moving, sinking, and recycling, just like Earth’s lithosphere. This process, called “cold tectonics,” could have profound implications for the search for extraterrestrial life. On Earth, plate tectonics drives the carbon cycle, regulates global temperatures over millions of years, and stirs up nutrients essential for life. If Ganymede has similar movements—albeit in ice—its subsurface ocean might receive a steady supply of chemical energy and nutrients from the icy crust above. “Wherever we find moving plates and fluid interaction, we increase the chance of finding complex chemistry,” says Dr. Lena Schwarz, a planetary geologist at the German Aerospace Center. “Ganymede just became a top candidate for habitability.” The discovery was made possible by comparing JUICE data with models of glacial motion on Earth. On Ganymede, temperatures are so low (-160°C) that ice behaves like rock—brittle and capable of faulting. The images show linear grooves hundreds of kilometers long, with parallel ridges that shift horizontally, exactly like strike-slip faults on Earth (e.g., the San Andreas Fault). This indicates that Ganymede’s ice shell is not a frozen, dead lid but a dynamic system. Computer simulations suggest that the tidal flexing caused by Jupiter’s gravity generates enough stress to crack the ice and drive slow, creeping motion. However, the energy source for Ganymede’s tectonics remains debated. Unlike Earth, which has radioactive decay in its mantle, Ganymede’s heat comes almost entirely from tidal friction. Some researchers argue that the observed features could be relics of a past, more active period, and that current motion is minimal. The next step is to measure seismic activity using a future lander mission. “If we detect ice-quakes, that would be the smoking gun,” Schwarz adds. 34. What makes Ganymede different from many other icy moons? A. It has liquid water on its surface. B. Its ice crust may be tectonically active. C. It orbits Saturn instead of Jupiter. D. It has no subsurface ocean. 35. Why is plate tectonics important for habitability on Earth? A. It creates volcanoes that produce oxygen. B. It recycles nutrients and regulates climate. C. It prevents earthquakes from happening. D. It keeps the core completely solid. 36. What evidence suggests strike-slip faulting on Ganymede? A. Presence of liquid water geysers. B. Long linear ridges shifting horizontally. C. Absence of any surface cracks. D. Constant temperature across the moon. 37. What would confirm that Ganymede’s ice tectonics is currently active? A. Finding fossils on the surface. B. Detecting ice-quakes with a lander. C. Observing volcanic eruptions. D. Discovering a magnetic field. 【答案】34. B 35. B 36. B 37. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了通过JUICE探测器拍摄的影像发现，太阳系最大卫星木卫三的冰壳存在类似地球的板块运动，这种 “冷构造” 或让其具备孕育生命的条件，目前其构造运动的能量来源和活跃程度仍有待探测证实。 【34题详解】 根据第一段“revealing a complex network of ridges and troughs that resemble Earth's plate tectonics”以及第三段“This indicates that Ganymede's ice shell is not a frozen, dead lid but a dynamic system”可知，Ganymede的独特之处在于其冰壳可能是构造活跃的。 【35题详解】 根据第二段“On Earth, plate tectonics drives the carbon cycle, regulates global temperatures over millions of years, and stirs up nutrients essential for life”可知，地球上的板块构造驱动碳循环，调节全球温度，并搅动生命必需的营养物质。 【36题详解】 根据第三段“The images show linear grooves hundreds of kilometers long, with parallel ridges that shift horizontally, exactly like strike-slip faults on Earth...”可知，证据是图像显示长达数百公里的线性沟槽，且平行山脊发生水平移动。 【37题详解】 根据最后一段“The next step is to measure seismic activity using a future lander mission…Schwarz adds”可知，确认当前是否活跃的确凿证据是通过着陆器探测到冰震。 D The rise of “deepfake” technology has alarmed governments worldwide, but a lesser-known threat lurks in the form of “voice skinning”—using AI to clone a person’s voice from just a few seconds of audio. Cybercriminals have already exploited this to trick employees into transferring funds, claiming to be the CEO. In one 2024 case, a British energy firm lost $243,000 after a manager received a call from a deepfake of his German boss’s voice, complete with the subtle accent and phrasing. The fraud was detected only after the money was gone. Traditional voice authentication systems, which rely on comparing spectrograms, are increasingly vulnerable. In response, researchers are developing “liveness detection” for voices. The approach is similar to anti-spoofing in facial recognition: ask the speaker to perform a random action that a pre-recorded clip cannot. For example, the system might say, “Now say the number 5 while humming.” A real human can do this; a deepfake, which plays back a fixed sample, cannot. More advanced methods analyze the acoustic properties of the vocal tract—tiny, involuntary micro-fluctuations that occur when a person breathes or shifts posture. These “biometric signatures” are nearly impossible for AI to synthesize because they are chaotic and context-dependent. Nevertheless, attackers are adapting. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) can now simulate breathing patterns if fed enough training data. The arms race between forgery and detection continues. Legal frameworks are lagging; in most countries, using a deepfake voice for fraud is prosecuted under existing wire fraud laws, which do not fully address the unique challenges of synthetic media. For instance, how do you prove intent when the criminal claims the AI “accidentally” generated the voice? And what recourse does a victim have against an anonymous botnet? Some tech companies advocate for “watermarking” all AI-generated audio—embedding an inaudible digital signature that can be traced. Critics argue that watermarking can be stripped, and it places the burden on creators rather than on detection systems. Europe’s proposed AI Act includes a requirement for clear labeling of deepfakes, but enforcement is problematic. As Dr. Helen Zhou, a cybersecurity professor at MIT, warns: “We are training people to trust nothing they hear. That erosion of trust may be the deepest damage of all.” 38. What is “voice skinning” primarily used for in the context of the passage? A. Entertainment and dubbing for movies. B. Assisting people with speech disabilities. C. Committing financial fraud. D. Improving voice assistant accuracy. 39. How does “liveness detection” work for voices? A. It compares the voice to a database of celebrities. B. It asks the speaker to perform a random, unrepeatable action. C. It records the call for manual review later. D. It blocks all calls from unknown numbers. 40. What is a major legal challenge mentioned regarding deepfake voice fraud? A. There are no laws against cybercrime. B. Proving criminal intent is difficult. C. All deepfakes are protected as free speech. D. Banks refuse to cooperate with police. 【答案】38. C 39. B 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“声音克隆”（voice skinning）技术被用于金融诈骗的现状，研究人员开发的“活体检测”应对方案，以及当前法律框架下面临的证明意图难等挑战。 【38题详解】 根据第一段中的“Cybercriminals have already exploited this to trick employees into transferring funds, claiming to be the CEO. In one 2024 case, a British energy firm lost $243,000...”可知，在本文语境下，“声音克隆”主要被用于实施金融诈骗。 【39题详解】 根据第二段中的“The approach is similar to anti-spoofing in facial recognition: ask the speaker to perform a random action that a pre-recorded clip cannot.”可知，声音“活体检测”的工作原理是要求说话者执行随机且不可重复的动作。 【40题详解】 根据第三段中的“Legal frameworks are lagging... For instance, how do you prove intent when the criminal claims the AI “accidentally” generated the voice?”可知，文中提到的主要法律挑战是难以证明犯罪意图。 非选择题(共50分) 四、填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使短文意思完整正确。 In the dense rainforests of Borneo, researchers have identified a new species of fungus that glows in the dark. This ____41____ (非凡的) discovery was made by accident when a team was searching for medicinal plants. The mushroom’s bioluminescence is so bright that it can ____42____ (指引) lost hikers toward safety at night. Local tribes have long known about the “ghost fungus” but never shared their knowledge with outsiders. Scientists are now racing to ____43____ (提取) the chemical compounds responsible for the glow, hoping to develop energy-free lighting for remote areas. However, the fungus grows only on a specific type of ____44____ (腐烂的) wood found in a tiny region threatened by logging. Conservationists urge the government to create a protected zone before the species goes ____45____ (灭绝). 【答案】41. remarkable 42. guide 43. extract 44. rotten 45. extinct 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了研究人员在婆罗洲密林中意外发现了一种能在黑暗中发光的新真菌物种，并围绕其科学价值和保护紧迫性展开叙述。 【41题详解】 句意：这一非凡的发现是在一个团队寻找药用植物时偶然做出的。此处修饰名词“discovery”，应用形容词形式。“非凡的”对应的英文形容词为remarkable。 【42题详解】 句意：这种蘑菇的生物荧光非常明亮，能够在夜间引导迷路的徒步者走向安全。“can”为情态动词，后接动词原形，“指引”对应的英文动词为guide。 【43题详解】 句意：科学家们正在争分夺秒地提取导致发光的化合物，希望为偏远地区开发无能源照明。“race to do sth.”意为“争分夺秒做某事”，“to”后接动词原形，“提取”对应的英文动词为extract。 【44题详解】 句意：然而，这种真菌只生长在一个受伐木威胁的小区域内特有的一种腐烂木头上。此处修饰名词“wood”，应用形容词形式，“腐烂的”对应的英文形容词为rotten。 【45题详解】 句意：环保主义者敦促政府在该物种灭绝之前建立一个保护区。“go extinct”为固定搭配，意为“灭绝”，此处extinct作表语形容词。 请根据短文意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 The concept of “circular economy” has gained traction as a solution to waste. Unlike the linear “take-make-dispose” model, circularity aims to keep resources in use for as long as possible. For example, a smartphone ____46____ (design) with modular parts can be easily repaired, reducing electronic waste. In the Netherlands, a startup has developed a washing machine that can be ____47____ (full) disassembled in 15 minutes, allowing each component to be recycled or reused. Critics argue that circular systems require massive ____48____ (invest) in reverse logistics, which many companies are unwilling to make. Nevertheless, the European Union has set ____49____ (ambition) targets: by 2030, all packaging must be reusable or recyclable. ____50____ (consume) also play a role; choosing to repair instead of replace is a small but powerful act. 【答案】46. designed 47. fully 48. investment 49. ambitious 50. Consumers 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了“循环经济”的概念，与传统的“获取—制造—丢弃”线性模式不同，循环经济旨在尽可能延长资源的使用寿命。文中以荷兰一家初创公司研发的可完全拆解洗衣机为例，说明循环经济的实践，同时也提到了批评者对逆向物流投入的担忧，以及欧盟设定的雄心勃勃的目标。 【46题详解】 句意：一部用模块化零件设计的智能手机可以很容易地被维修。此处“smartphone”与“design”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词designed作后置定语，相当于which is designed。 【47题详解】 句意：这台洗衣机可以在15分钟内被完全拆解。此处修饰动词“disassembled”，应用副词fully。 【48题详解】 句意：批评者认为循环系统需要在逆向物流方面进行大规模投资。此处“massive”为形容词，后接名词，invest的名词形式为investment，为不可数名词。 【49题详解】 句意：欧盟已经设定了雄心勃勃的目标。此处修饰名词“targets”，应用形容词ambitious。 【50题详解】 句意：消费者也扮演着角色。此处作主语，应用名词形式，且谓语动词为“play”（复数），说明主语为复数，故用Consumers，首字母大写。 请阅读下面对话，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语填空(有一个多余选项)。 in turn due to restored accessible conservation dramatic Amy: Have you visited the newly renovated Natural History Museum? Tom: Not yet. I heard it was closed for two years ____51____ structural problems. Amy: Yes, but now it’s fully ____52____. They added a whole wing about biodiversity and climate change. Tom: That sounds interesting. What’s the highlight? Amy: There’s a life-sized model of a blue whale made entirely from plastic waste collected from the Pacific. It’s quite ____53____. And it emphasizes the urgency of ocean ____54____. Tom: Does the museum still have the dinosaur skeletons? Amy: Absolutely! Those have been carefully ____55____. The difference is that now each exhibit explains how ancient extinctions relate to current environmental threats. 【答案】51. due to 52. accessible 53. dramatic 54. conservation 55. restored 【解析】 【导语】本文是Amy和Tom围绕翻新后的自然历史博物馆展开的对话，介绍了博物馆闭馆原因、翻新后的变化、特色展品及环保主题。 【51题详解】 句意：还没有。我听说因为结构问题，它关闭了两年。根据“I heard it was closed for two years... structural problems”和备选词可知，此处说明博物馆关闭的原因，due to“由于，因为”符合语境。 【52题详解】 句意：是的，但现在它已经完全开放了。他们新增了一个关于生物多样性和气候变化的展厅。根据“now it’s fully... They added a whole wing about biodiversity and climate change”和备选词可知，博物馆翻新后重新开放，accessible“可进入的，开放的” 符合语境。 【53题详解】 句意：有一个完全用从太平洋收集的塑料垃圾制成的蓝鲸等比例模型，非常震撼。根据“There’s a life-sized model of a blue whale made entirely from plastic waste collected from the Pacific. It’s quite...”和备选词可知，这个模型视觉冲击力强，dramatic“激动人心的，引人注目的”符合语境。 【54题详解】 句意：它强调了海洋保护的紧迫性。根据“it emphasizes the urgency of ocean...”和备选词可知，蓝鲸模型的主题与海洋保护相关，conservation“保护”符合语境。 【55题详解】 句意：当然！那些骨架都被精心修复过了。根据“Those have been carefully... The difference is that now each exhibit explains how ancient extinctions relate to current environmental threats”和备选词可知，恐龙骨架经过了翻新修复，restored“修复，复原”符合语境，此处为被动语态，用过去分词形式。 五、阅读填空(共19小题;满分20分) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在表格中第1~8小题的空格里填入最恰当的单词，回答第9小题。 The Hidden Toll of Light Pollution When we think of pollution, images of smokestacks and plastic-choked rivers come to mind. Yet a quieter, more pervasive form of pollution has been steadily reshaping ecosystems: artificial light at night (ALAN). Over the past century, the average night sky brightness has increased by nearly 10% per year due to urban development. For billions of city dwellers, the Milky Way has become a forgotten memory. But the consequences extend far beyond lost wonder. Nocturnal animals are especially vulnerable. Sea turtle hatchlings, which rely on moonlight reflecting off the ocean to find their way to water, often crawl toward glaring beachfront hotels instead, dying of dehydration or being eaten by predators. Migratory birds, using stars for navigation, become disoriented by city glow, crashing into illuminated buildings. One study in Chicago found that reducing window lights during migration season cut bird deaths by 80%. Insects, the base of many food webs, are fatally attracted to bright lights; a single streetlamp can kill hundreds of moths per night, disrupting pollination and leaving bats without prey. Human health is not immune. Exposure to blue-rich light at night suppresses melatonin production, increasing risks of sleep disorders, depression, obesity, and even breast cancer. The American Medical Association now recommends that outdoor lighting be “warm-white” (below 3000 Kelvin) and fully shielded to direct light downward. Unfortunately, many municipalities continue to use energy-efficient but blue-rich LEDs, prioritizing cost savings over well-being. Solutions exist but require collective will. Flagstaff, Arizona, became the world’s first “Dark Sky City” in 2001, enforcing strict lighting codes without compromising safety. Since then, energy use has dropped, and tourism for stargazing has boomed. Similarly, Chile’s Atacama Desert, home to the world’s most powerful telescopes, has legislated “light-free zones” within 150 kilometers of observatories. On an individual level, we can install motion sensors and timers, close curtains at night, and advocate for better street lighting. Light pollution is reversible — unlike plastic in the ocean or CO₂ in the atmosphere. Turning off unnecessary lights at midnight doesn’t erase past emissions, but it immediately restores darkness for wildlife and wonder for humans. As the International Dark-Sky Association puts it: “The stars belong to everyone. We simply need to let them shine.” Definition of ALAN Artificial light at night, increasing nearly 10% annually ____56____ to urban growth. Effects on animals Sea turtles: misled by beach lights, fail to reach the ____57____. Migratory birds: crash into buildings due to ____58____ navigation. Insects: drawn to lights, leading to ____59____ in pollination. Human health risks Suppressed melatonin ____60____ sleep disorders and cancer. Recommended solution Use warm-white, fully ____61____ lights that point downward. Successful examples Flagstaff, Arizona: first Dark Sky City with lower energy use and more ____62____. Individual actions Install motion sensors, close curtains, ____63____ for better lighting. 56. ________ 57. ________ 58. ________ 59. ________ 60. ________ 61. ________ 62. ________ 63. ________ 64. Question: According to the passage, why is light pollution considered “reversible” compared to other forms of pollution? (Answer in no more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. due 57. water 58. disorientation 59. decline##reduction 60. causes 61. shielded 62. tourism/stargazing 63. advocate 64. (示例) Because turning off lights immediately restores darkness, unlike plastic or CO₂ which persist for centuries. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了光污染（ALAN）的定义、对动物和人类健康的危害，以及解决方案和个人可以采取的行动。 【56题详解】 根据文章第1段“Over the past century, the average night sky brightness has increased by nearly 10% per year due to urban development.”可知，光污染的增加是由于城市增长。表格中“…to”对应原文“due to”。 【57题详解】 根据文章第2段“Sea turtle hatchlings, which rely on moonlight reflecting off the ocean to find their way to water...”可推知，海龟被灯光误导，无法到达水边。表格中“reach the…”对应原文“find their way to water”。 【58题详解】 根据文章第2段“Migratory birds, using stars for navigation, become disoriented by city glow...”可知，鸟类因导航迷失而撞上建筑物。表格中“due to…navigation”对应原文“become disoriented”。 【59题详解】 根据文章第2段“...disrupting pollination and leaving bats without prey.”可推知，昆虫被光吸引导致授粉受到破坏。表格中“leading to…in pollination”需填名词，对应原文动词“disrupting”。 【60题详解】 根据文章第3段“Exposure to blue-rich light at night suppresses melatonin production, increasing risks of sleep disorders...”可推知，褪黑激素受抑制会增加睡眠障碍风险。表格中“Suppressed melatonin…sleep disorders”需填动词，对应原文“increasing risks of”。 【61题详解】 根据文章第3段“The American Medical Association now recommends that outdoor lighting be... fully shielded to direct light downward.”可知，建议使用完全遮蔽的灯光。表格中“fully…lights”对应原文“fully shielded”。 【62题详解】 根据文章第4段“Since then, energy use has dropped, and tourism for stargazing has boomed.”可推知，能源使用降低且游客增多。表格中“more…”对应原文“tourism... has boomed”，转化为具体的人群。 【63题详解】 根据文章第4段“On an individual level, we can...advocate for better street lighting.”可推知，个人可以倡导更好的照明。表格中“…for better lighting”对应原文“advocate for”。 【64题详解】 根据文章第5段“Turning off unnecessary lights at midnight doesn't erase past emissions, but it immediately restores darkness for wildlife and wonder for humans.”可推知，光污染可逆是因为关灯能立即恢复黑暗。此处可填“Because turning off unnecessary lights immediately restores darkness.”。 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。 Imagine stepping into a room and commanding your computer by simply thinking—no keyboard, no mouse, no voice. This is the promise of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) , devices that decode neural signals into digital commands. In 2025, the first commercially available non-invasive BCI headband, named “Nexus”, went on sale for under $500. The device uses electroencephalography (EEG) to detect patterns associated with focused attention, relaxation, and even imagined movement. Early a____65____ have been impressive: users can play simple video games, type at 15 words per minute, and control smart home devices, all without lifting a finger. But BCIs are not just toys. For people with severe paralysis, they offer a l____66____ to communication and independence. In a landmark trial, a patient with locked-in syndrome used a BCI to tell his daughter, “I love you” for the first time in seven years. The words were generated by a computer s____67____ but the intent was purely human. However, this technology also raises unsettling q____68____. Who owns the data generated by your brain activity? Could an employer require BCI monitoring to ensure “productivity”? Could a court s____69____ your neural patterns as evidence? Current privacy laws have no answer. The security risks are equally frightening. Researchers have demonstrated that a malicious hacker, given access to a BCI headband’s Bluetooth connection, could e____70____ private information — such as whether you recognize a face or feel fear. More disturbingly, they could potentially inject false signals, making you feel anxious or tired without cause. Dr. Nina Khurana, a neuroethicist, warns that we are r____71____ toward a future where “brain-hacking” becomes a real crime. She calls for a global treaty to ban the weaponization of BCIs. Despite the risks, investment is pouring in. Tech giants envision a world where you can search the web by simply thinking of a question, or s____72____ a text message without touching your phone. China has included BCI technology in its latest five-year plan, aiming to become a world leader by 2030. Meanwhile, a grassroots movement called “ KeepBrainDataHuman” is pushing for strict r____73____ on commercial use. They argue that the brain is the last private sanctuary, and once breached, there is no retreat. As BCIs become cheaper and more powerful, every one of us will face a choice: embrace the convenience at the cost of mental privacy, or refuse and risk being left behind. Perhaps the most urgent need is not better technology, but wiser g____74____. The future is arriving faster than our laws can run. 【答案】65. adopters##dopters 66. lifeline##ifeline 67. synthesizer##ynthesizer 68. questions##uestions 69. subpoena##ubpoena 70. extract##xtract 71. racing##acing 72. send##end 73. restrictions##estrictions 74. governance##overnance 【解析】 【导语】本文以脑机接口（BCI）技术为例，介绍了其商业应用前景与对瘫痪患者的重大意义，同时深入探讨了随之而来的隐私、安全和伦理挑战，呼吁在技术快速发展的同时建立更完善的治理机制。 【65题详解】 句意：早期的采用者（用户）表现令人印象深刻。该处需一个名词，在句中作主语，谓语为“have been”，说明是复数形式。前文提到2025年Nexus头带上市，此处指最早使用这项技术的人。结合首字母“a”，应填adopters。 【66题详解】 句意：对于严重瘫痪的人来说，BCI提供了一条通往沟通和独立的生命线。该处需一个名词，在句中作动词“offer”的宾语，前有不定冠词“a”。对于锁定综合征患者，BCI是唯一的沟通途径，用“生命线”比喻极为贴切。结合首字母“l”，应填lifeline。 【67题详解】 句意：这些话是由计算机合成器生成的，但意图是纯粹人类的。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词“by”的宾语，说明“generated by a computer...”的工具。文字由计算机生成，此处指语音或文字合成设备。结合首字母“s”，应填synthesizer。 【68题详解】 句意：然而，这项技术也引发了令人不安的问题。该处需一个名词，在句中作动词“raises”的宾语，后文连续用三个问句展开，说明此处指“问题”。结合首字母“q”，应填questions。 【69题详解】 句意：法院能否传唤你的神经模式作为证据？该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语，主语是“a court”，情态动词“Could”后接动词原形。法律语境中，强制调取证据用“传唤/传票”。结合首字母“s”，应填subpoena。 【70题详解】 句意：恶意黑客可以提取私人信息。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语，位于情态动词“could”之后，用动词原形。黑客通过蓝牙连接获取用户脑电数据，即“提取”信息。结合首字母“e”，应填extract。 【71题详解】 句意：我们正飞速奔向一个“脑黑客”成为真正犯罪的未来。该处需一个动词的现在分词形式，与“are”构成现在进行时。语境强调速度之快、趋势之不可逆，“racing toward”表示“飞速冲向”。结合首字母“r”，应填racing。 【72题详解】 句意：或者不碰手机就发送一条短信。该处需一个动词，与前面的“search”并列，位于“can”之后，用动词原形。发短信的常用动词，结合首字母“s”，应填send。 【73题详解】 句意：该运动正在推动对商业用途的严格限制。该处需一个名词，在句中作介词“for”的宾语，前有形容词“strict”修饰。草根运动的诉求是对商业使用加以约束，且后文提到“strict r____ on commercial use”，用复数更符合语境。结合首字母“r”，应填restrictions。 【74题详解】 句意：最紧迫的需求不是更好的技术，而是更明智的治理。该处需一个名词，在句中作表语，前有形容词“wiser”修饰。全文从隐私、安全、法律等角度反复强调需要规则和制度来约束技术，“治理”一词准确概括了对法律、伦理、监管的综合需求。结合首字母“g”，应填governance。 六、书面表达(满分15分) 75. 假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举办“A Lesson from Nature”的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿： 1. 描述一个你观察到的自然现象或动植物的行为； 2. 解释这个现象如何启发你解决个人生活中的一个具体问题； 3. 总结你从中获得的感悟。 要求： - 词数90左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数； - 内容完整，语句通顺，不得出现真实校名和姓名。 开头： A Lesson from Nature Last summer, I witnessed something in my grandmother’s garden that completely changed how I deal with stress. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： A Lesson from Nature Last summer, I witnessed something in my grandmother’s garden that completely changed how I deal with stress. A sunflower, bent low by heavy rain, slowly turned its head toward the sun and stood straight again. At that time, I was struggling with math problems, feeling defeated after every mistake. Watching the sunflower, I realized that instead of fearing difficulties, I should face them with hope. So I started reviewing each wrong answer patiently, just like the sunflower seeking sunlight. Gradually, I improved. From nature, I learned that setbacks are temporary. The key is to keep turning toward the light of a positive attitude. 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，用一般过去时（描述事件）+一般现在时（总结感悟）为主 明确要点：自然现象描述、启发解决具体问题、感悟总结 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：词数90左右，开头已给出不计入，不得出现真实校名和姓名 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：已给出，引出观察事件 主体段：描述自然现象，联系自身问题与转变 结尾段：总结感悟，点明主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：自然现象描述 现象选择：A sunflower, bent low by rain, slowly turned its head toward the sun and stood straight again/a sprout breaking through the stone/a spider rebuilding its web after being destroyed/ants working together to carry food等 细节描写：bent low by rain/struggling against the wind/slowly recovering/standing straight again等 要点二：启发解决具体问题 个人困境：struggling with math problems, feeling defeated after every mistake/worrying about my grades/having trouble making friends/being afraid of speaking in public等 启发过程：realized that instead of fearing difficulties, I should face them with hope/understood that giving up is not the answer/learned that persistence matters等 具体行动：started reviewing each wrong answer patiently/practiced every day/asked teachers for help/tried again and again等 要点三：感悟总结 感悟内容：setbacks are temporary. The key is to keep turning toward the light of a positive attitude/Nature teaches us to be brave/Every failure is a step toward success/We should never stop growing等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $