暑假作业09 情态动词与虚拟语气（巩固培优）高一英语通用版

**基本信息** 聚焦情态动词与虚拟语气高考高频考点，构建“定义-用法-题型”三维训练体系，系统提炼分类规则与虚拟句型解题方法，提升语言应用与逻辑思维能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基本用法梳理|8类核心用法|情态动词分类/推测/完成式；虚拟语气时态规则/高频句型/倒装用法|从定义（表情绪态度/非真实情况）到用法（分类、时态规则），形成“概念-原理-应用”链条| |题型训练|单选15题+语法填空35题+句型转换10题+完成句子20题+互译10题+短文填空2篇|情态动词推测词辨析（must/can’t）；虚拟语气时态匹配（与现在/过去/将来相反）；特殊句型（It is high time that/suggest从句）|通过多题型覆盖高考核心考法，实现从基础理解到综合应用的能力迁移|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业09 情态动词与虚拟语气 一、定义 情态动词是表说话人情绪、态度、推测、义务、能力的特殊动词，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形；虚拟语气是用来表示假设、愿望、遗憾、建议等非真实情况的特殊句式，是高考语法填空、改错、书面表达高频核心考点。 二、基本用法 1. 情态动词核心分类：高考高频考查can/could、may/might、must、should、ought to、need、dare、shall/will/would，分别表能力、推测、义务、需求、意愿。 2. 情态动词推测用法：肯定推测must（一定）、may/might/could（可能）；否定推测can’t（不可能），切忌用mustn’t表否定推测。 3. 情态动词完成式：must have done表过去一定做过；can’t have done表过去不可能做过；should have done表本应做却没做（含遗憾）。 4. 真实条件句：描述客观可能发生的情况，遵循正常时态规则，不使用虚拟语气，常用于日常叙述与写作。 5. 虚拟语气时态规则：与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来相反用should do/were to do。 6. 高频虚拟句型：If虚拟条件句、wish宾语从句、would rather从句、It is high time that从句、suggest/advise等建议类动词后的宾语从句。 7. 特殊虚拟结构：It is necessary/important that从句用(should) do；suggest表“表明、暗示”时用真实语气，表“建议”用虚拟语气。 8. 倒装虚拟用法：省略if时，将were/had/should提前构成倒装，是高考长难句、语法填空高频难点与写作加分句型。 一、单项选择 1．You ________ keep a positive attitude towards life to overcome various difficulties on the way. A．need B．must C．could D．might 2．The light is off in the classroom, so the students ________ be studying in it right now. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 3．You ________ have finished your homework yesterday, but you failed to do so. A．should B．must C．may D．could 4．If I ________ enough time last term, I would have taken more after-school courses. A．have B．had C．had had D．would have 5．Students ________ respect teachers and cherish the precious learning chance at school. A．shall B．will C．would D．need 6．It is high time that we ________ effective measures to protect our traditional culture. A．take B．took C．will take D．have taken 7．You ________ worry about your study; you have made steady progress recently. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 8．He ________ the meeting yesterday, but he was ill and had to stay at home. A．attend B．should attend C．should have attended D．attended 9．If I ________ you, I would seize every chance to improve my comprehensive ability. A．am B．was C．were D．will be 10．He ________ be at home now, for I saw him playing basketball on the playground just now. A．must B．may C．can’t D．should 11．The teacher suggested that we ________ more attention to our daily reading practice. A．pay B．paid C．will pay D．have paid 12．You ________ finish the task at once, but you must complete it before Friday. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 13．Without your help, we ________ have solved the difficult problem so smoothly. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 14．He studied very hard, so he ________ have passed the final exam successfully. A．must B．can C．need D．should 15．I would rather you ________ me some practical advice on my English writing now. A．give B．gave C．will give D．have given 二、单句语法填空 16. It is strange that he ________ (be) late for such an important school meeting today. 17. You ________ (not, worry) about me. I have prepared well for the coming exam. 18. If he ________ (take) my advice, he would not have made such a big mistake. 19. The road is wet, so it ________ (rain) heavily last night in this area. 20. We insist that every student ________ (obey) the school rules strictly in daily life. 21. You ________ (finish) your homework before you go out to play every time. 22. If I had more spare time, I ________ (join) more volunteer activities in the community. 23. He ________ (not, attend) the party last night, for I met him in the library. 24. It is high time that we ________ (pay) attention to the protection of our environment. 25. The rule says that students ________ not bring mobile phones into the teaching building. 26. I wish I ________ (know) his phone number yesterday to contact him in time. 27. You ________ (practice) oral English every day to make progress in your spoken English. 28. Without your support, we ________ (fail) to complete the group task on time last week. 29. He ________ (be) in the classroom now, because I saw him enter it just now. 30. The teacher ordered that all tasks ________ (finish) before the end of school. 31. Without your timely help, we ________ (not finish) the task on schedule yesterday. 32. It is high time that we ________ (take) immediate action to protect our living environment. 33. You ________ (not waste) so much time playing computer games every day as a student. 34. The ground is all wet. It ________ (rain) heavily last night. 35. I wish I ________ (can) travel around the world with my best friends after the college entrance examination. 一、句型转换 1．He didn’t take my advice, so he made a silly mistake.（改为虚拟语气） →If he ________ ________ my advice, he wouldn’t have made a silly mistake. 2．We should take action immediately to solve the existing problems.（改为虚拟句型） →It is high time that we ________ immediate action to solve existing problems. 3．I didn’t work hard last year, so I failed the exam.（改为含蓄虚拟句） →I ________ ________ the exam if I had worked hard last year. 4．The teacher advises us to read classic books in our spare time.（改为宾语从句虚拟） →The teacher advises that we ________ ________ classic books in our spare time. 5．I don’t have enough time, so I can’t join the activity.（改为现在虚拟语气） →If I ________ enough time, I would join the meaningful activity. 6．You’d better not stay up late to study before the exam.（用 should 改写） →You ________ ________ stay up late to study before the exam. 7．It’s very likely that he has known the result of the competition.（用 must 表推测改写） →He ________ ________ ________ the result of the competition. 8．I suggest that you should read more English passages every day.（省略 should 改写） →I suggest that you ________ more English passages every day. 9．He didn’t prepare well, so he failed the exam.（改为虚拟语气） →If he ________ ________ well, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. 10．It is necessary for us to keep quiet in the library.（用 should 改写） →We ________ ________ quiet in the library. 二、完成句子 11．You ________ ________ (本应该 finish) your homework ahead of time yesterday. 12．It is necessary that students ________ (develop) good habits in their daily study. 13．If I were you, I ________ (seize) every chance to improve my English skills. 14．He ________ (不可能去过) Beijing, for he knows nothing about the city. 15．We wish we ________ (know) how to protect traditional culture better in the past. 16．If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you ________ (make) such a serious mistake. 17．It’s high time that we ________ (pay) more attention to physical health in daily life. 18．You ________ (be) tired now after working on this task for a whole afternoon. 19．The teacher suggested that everyone ________ (keep) a diary in English to improve writing skills. 20．Without your support and encouragement, I ________ (achieve) nothing in my studies. 三、英汉互译 21．你本应该积极参与课堂活动，这有助于提升你的表达能力。（should have done）（汉译英） 22．如果我们充分利用时间，我们就能取得更大的学习进步。（if虚拟语气）（汉译英） 23．是我们摒弃拖延、认真对待每一次学习机会的时候了。（It is high time that）（汉译英） 24．没有老师的耐心指导，我们本无法克服诸多学习难题。（含蓄虚拟语气）（汉译英） 25．老师建议我们多阅读经典，以此丰富知识、拓宽视野。（suggest虚拟从句）（汉译英） 26．我真希望我上次考试没有犯那么多愚蠢的错误。（wish虚拟语气）（汉译英） 27．如果我是你，我会抓住每一个机会练习英语口语。（if虚拟语气）（汉译英） 28．你过马路时应该更加小心，避免发生意外。（情态动词should）（汉译英） 29．We should value every minute and make full use of time to improve ourselves.（情态动词should）（英译汉） 30．如果以前努力学习，我现在就能轻松跟上老师的节奏了。（混合虚拟语气）（汉译英） 短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. A Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》), written by Li Shizhen during the Ming Dynasty, is a remarkable masterpiece in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Completed in 1578 after 27 years of painstaking efforts, this great work 1 (represent) the pinnacle (巅峰之作) of ancient Chinese medical knowledge. The book, 2 consists of 52 volumes and about 1. 9 million Chinese characters, systematically classifies 1,892 kinds of medicinal materials into 16 major categories and 60 sub-categories (子类目). Each entry details the name, origin, properties, functions, and preparation methods of the herbs, 3 (accompany) by 1,160 vivid illustrations, making it easier for readers 4 (identify) them. For example, it corrects errors in previous medical texts 5 adds many newly-discovered herbs, greatly enriching 6 content of materia medica. Li Shizhen’s achievement is far-reaching. His 7 (innovate) classification system, based on the natural properties of medicine, became an important cornerstone of modern biological taxonomy (分类学), preceding (先于) Linnaeus’ Systema Naturae 8 over a century and a half. The compendium also provides abundant information for research in various fields, such as botany, zoology, and pharmacology (药理学). Translated into multiple languages, Compendium of Materia Medica has 9 (significant) influenced the development of medicine worldwide. In 2011, it was inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, further 10 (highlight) its global value. Even today, it remains a precious resource for traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and researchers. B When we think of wildlife protection, we often picture big, famous animals like pandas or elephants. 1 , many small creatures play an equally important role in nature. Take beetles, for example. These tiny insects help break down dead wood and animal waste, 2 (keep) the forest clean. Without them, the soil would be far 3 (poor) in nutrients. 4 (luckily), beetles and other small wildlife are often ignored in conservation plans. This is partly because they are not as “cute” as larger animals, and partly because people know little about 5 (they) living habits. As a result, some beetle species 6 (disappear) at an alarming rate in the past decade. The good news is that more scientists are now realizing the importance of these hidden helpers. Some nature reserves have set up special monitoring programs to protect small insects. Everyone can also contribute by leaving some fallen leaves or wood in gardens, 7 provides natural homes for beetles. After all, 8 (protect) wildlife means protecting every part of the ecosystem, no matter how small it is. So next time you see a beetle, remember — it is not just a bug; it is 9 hero working quietly for the planet. If we want a healthy forest, we must give these little 10 (creature) a chance to survive. 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 暑假作业09 情态动词与虚拟语气 一、定义 情态动词是表说话人情绪、态度、推测、义务、能力的特殊动词，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形；虚拟语气是用来表示假设、愿望、遗憾、建议等非真实情况的特殊句式，是高考语法填空、改错、书面表达高频核心考点。 二、基本用法 1. 情态动词核心分类：高考高频考查can/could、may/might、must、should、ought to、need、dare、shall/will/would，分别表能力、推测、义务、需求、意愿。 2. 情态动词推测用法：肯定推测must（一定）、may/might/could（可能）；否定推测can’t（不可能），切忌用mustn’t表否定推测。 3. 情态动词完成式：must have done表过去一定做过；can’t have done表过去不可能做过；should have done表本应做却没做（含遗憾）。 4. 真实条件句：描述客观可能发生的情况，遵循正常时态规则，不使用虚拟语气，常用于日常叙述与写作。 5. 虚拟语气时态规则：与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来相反用should do/were to do。 6. 高频虚拟句型：If虚拟条件句、wish宾语从句、would rather从句、It is high time that从句、suggest/advise等建议类动词后的宾语从句。 7. 特殊虚拟结构：It is necessary/important that从句用(should) do；suggest表“表明、暗示”时用真实语气，表“建议”用虚拟语气。 8. 倒装虚拟用法：省略if时，将were/had/should提前构成倒装，是高考长难句、语法填空高频难点与写作加分句型。 一、单项选择 1．You ________ keep a positive attitude towards life to overcome various difficulties on the way. A．need B．must C．could D．might 【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你必须保持积极的人生态度，克服前路中的各种困难。must表主观必须、理应。故选B。 2．The light is off in the classroom, so the students ________ be studying in it right now. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词否定推测。句意：教室灯已熄灭，学生们此刻不可能在里面学习。can’t表否定推测“不可能”。故选C。 3．You ________ have finished your homework yesterday, but you failed to do so. A．should B．must C．may D．could 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词完成式。句意：你昨天本应该完成作业，可你却没有完成。should have done表本应做未做。故选A。 4．If I ________ enough time last term, I would have taken more after-school courses. A．have B．had C．had had D．would have 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果上学期我有充足时间，我本会选修更多课外课程。与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。故选C。 5．Students ________ respect teachers and cherish the precious learning chance at school. A．shall B．will C．would D．need 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词shall用法。句意：学生应当尊敬师长，珍惜在校宝贵的学习机会。shall用于第二、三人称表规定、义务。故选A。 6．It is high time that we ________ effective measures to protect our traditional culture. A．take B．took C．will take D．have taken 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气固定句型。句意：是我们采取有效措施保护传统文化的时候了。It is high time that从句用一般过去时。故选B。 7．You ________ worry about your study; you have made steady progress recently. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你不必担心自己的学习，你近期已经取得稳步进步。needn’t表“不必、无需”。故选C。 8．He ________ the meeting yesterday, but he was ill and had to stay at home. A．attend B．should attend C．should have attended D．attended 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他昨天本应该参加会议，但是他生病只能待在家。表过去本应做却未做。故选C。 9．If I ________ you, I would seize every chance to improve my comprehensive ability. A．am B．was C．were D．will be 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会抓住每一次机会提升综合能力。与现在事实相反，be动词统一用were。故选C。 10．He ________ be at home now, for I saw him playing basketball on the playground just now. A．must B．may C．can’t D．should 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词推测。句意：他现在不可能在家，因为我刚才看见他在操场打篮球。can’t表绝对否定推测。故选C。 11．The teacher suggested that we ________ more attention to our daily reading practice. A．pay B．paid C．will pay D．have paid 【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议我们多重视日常的阅读练习。suggest表建议，从句用(should) do虚拟结构。故选A。 12．You ________ finish the task at once, but you must complete it before Friday. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你不必立刻完成这项任务，但必须在周五之前做完。needn’t表示没有必要做某事。故选A。 13．Without your help, we ________ have solved the difficult problem so smoothly. A．can’t B．couldn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】B 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：没有你的帮助，我们本无法如此顺利解决难题。couldn’t have done表过去本不能做。故选B。 14．He studied very hard, so he ________ have passed the final exam successfully. A．must B．can C．need D．should 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词完成式。句意：他学习十分刻苦，所以他一定成功通过了期末考试。must have done表过去肯定推测。故选A。 15．I would rather you ________ me some practical advice on my English writing now. A．give B．gave C．will give D．have given 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我宁愿你现在给我一些关于英语写作的实用建议。would rather从句对现在虚拟用过去式。故选B。 二、单句语法填空 16. It is strange that he ________ (be) late for such an important school meeting today. 【答案】(should) be 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如此重要的校会他竟然迟到了，实在奇怪。It is strange that从句用(should) do虚拟语气。故填(should) be。 17. You ________ (not, worry) about me. I have prepared well for the coming exam. 【答案】needn’t worry 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你不必为我担心，我已经为即将到来的考试做好准备。needn’t表不必，后接动词原形。故填needn’t worry。 18. If he ________ (take) my advice, he would not have made such a big mistake. 【答案】had taken 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他当初听从我的建议，就不会犯下这么大的错误。与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。故填had taken。 19. The road is wet, so it ________ (rain) heavily last night in this area. 【答案】must have rained 【解析】考查情态动词推测。句意：路面潮湿，这个区域昨晚一定下过大雨。must have done表对过去肯定推测。故填must have rained。 20. We insist that every student ________ (obey) the school rules strictly in daily life. 【答案】(should) obey 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们坚持要求每位学生在日常生活中严格遵守校规。insist表坚决要求，从句用(should) do。故填(should) obey。 21. You ________ (finish) your homework before you go out to play every time. 【答案】should finish 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你每次出去玩之前都应该先完成自己的作业。should表建议、理应。故填should finish。 22. If I had more spare time, I ________ (join) more volunteer activities in the community. 【答案】would join 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有更多空余时间，我会参加更多社区志愿活动。与现在事实相反，主句用would do。故填would join。 23. He ________ (not, attend) the party last night, for I met him in the library. 【答案】can’t have attended 【解析】考查情态动词完成式。句意：他昨晚不可能参加聚会，因为我在图书馆遇见了他。对过去否定推测。故填can’t have attended。 24. It is high time that we ________ (pay) attention to the protection of our environment. 【答案】paid 【解析】考查虚拟语气固定句型。句意：是我们重视环境保护问题的时候了。该句型从句需用一般过去时。故填paid。 25. The rule says that students ________ not bring mobile phones into the teaching building. 【答案】shall 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：校规规定学生不得将手机带入教学楼。shall用于规章、条文表禁止、规定。故填shall。 26. I wish I ________ (know) his phone number yesterday to contact him in time. 【答案】had known 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我真希望昨天知道他的手机号，就能及时联系他了。对过去事实虚拟用过去完成时。故填had known。 27. You ________ (practice) oral English every day to make progress in your spoken English. 【答案】should practice 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你应该每天练习口语，让自己的英语口语取得进步。should表合理建议。故填should practice。 28. Without your support, we ________ (fail) to complete the group task on time last week. 【答案】would have failed 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：没有你的支持，我们上周本无法按时完成小组任务。对过去虚拟，主句用would have done。故填would have failed。 29. He ________ (be) in the classroom now, because I saw him enter it just now. 【答案】must be 【解析】考查情态动词推测。句意：他现在一定在教室里，因为我刚才看见他进去了。must表对现在情况肯定推测。故填must be。 30. The teacher ordered that all tasks ________ (finish) before the end of school. 【答案】(should) be finished 【解析】考查虚拟语气被动。句意：老师要求所有任务在放学前全部完成。order后从句用虚拟，任务被完成用被动。故填(should) be finished。 31. Without your timely help, we ________ (not finish) the task on schedule yesterday. 【答案】could not have finished 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你及时的帮助，我们昨天不可能按时完成任务。与过去事实相反，用情态动词+have done。故填could not have finished。 32. It is high time that we ________ (take) immediate action to protect our living environment. 【答案】took / should take 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们是时候立刻采取行动保护我们的生存环境了。It is high time后从句用过去式或should+动词原形。故填took / should take。 33. You ________ (not waste) so much time playing computer games every day as a student. 【答案】should not waste 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：作为一名学生，你不应该每天浪费这么多时间玩电脑游戏。should表建议，意为“应该”。故填should not waste。 34. The ground is all wet. It ________ (rain) heavily last night. 【答案】must have rained 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：地面全湿了，昨晚一定下了大雨。对过去情况肯定推测用must have done。故填must have rained。 35. I wish I ________ (can) travel around the world with my best friends after the college entrance examination. 【答案】could 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我希望高考后能和最好的朋友环游世界。wish后从句与将来愿望相反，用一般过去时表虚拟。故填could。 一、句型转换 1．He didn’t take my advice, so he made a silly mistake.（改为虚拟语气） →If he ________ ________ my advice, he wouldn’t have made a silly mistake. 【答案】had taken 【解析】考查if虚拟语气。句意：如果他听从了我的建议，就不会犯下这个愚蠢的错误。对过去事实虚拟，从句用过去完成时。故填had taken。 2．We should take action immediately to solve the existing problems.（改为虚拟句型） →It is high time that we ________ immediate action to solve existing problems. 【答案】took 【解析】考查虚拟语气固定句型。句意：是我们立刻采取行动解决现存问题的时候了。It is high time that从句用一般过去时。故填took。 3．I didn’t work hard last year, so I failed the exam.（改为含蓄虚拟句） →I ________ ________ the exam if I had worked hard last year. 【答案】would have passed 【解析】考查虚拟语气主句。句意：如果我去年努力学习，我本可以通过这次考试。对过去虚拟，主句用would have done。故填would have passed。 4．The teacher advises us to read classic books in our spare time.（改为宾语从句虚拟） →The teacher advises that we ________ ________ classic books in our spare time. 【答案】(should) read 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议我们在闲暇时间阅读经典书籍。advise后宾语从句用(should) do虚拟结构。故填(should) read。 5．I don’t have enough time, so I can’t join the activity.（改为现在虚拟语气） →If I ________ enough time, I would join the meaningful activity. 【答案】had 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有充足的时间，我就会参加这场有意义的活动。与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时。故填had。 6．You’d better not stay up late to study before the exam.（用 should 改写） →You ________ ________ stay up late to study before the exam. 【答案】should not 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：你不应该在考试前熬夜学习。had better not 可替换为 should not。故填 should not。 7．It’s very likely that he has known the result of the competition.（用 must 表推测改写） →He ________ ________ ________ the result of the competition. 【答案】must have known 【解析】考查情态动词对过去推测。句意：他一定已经知道比赛结果了。对过去肯定推测用 must have done。故填 must have known。 8．I suggest that you should read more English passages every day.（省略 should 改写） →I suggest that you ________ more English passages every day. 【答案】read 【解析】考查宾语从句虚拟语气。句意：我建议你每天多读英语文章。suggest 后从句用 (should) do。故填 read。 9．He didn’t prepare well, so he failed the exam.（改为虚拟语气） →If he ________ ________ well, he wouldn’t have failed the exam. 【答案】had prepared 【解析】考查 if 虚拟语气。句意：如果他准备充分，就不会考试不及格。与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。故填 had prepared。 10．It is necessary for us to keep quiet in the library.（用 should 改写） →We ________ ________ quiet in the library. 【答案】should keep 【解析】考查情态动词表建议。句意：我们在图书馆里应当保持安静。用 should 表达义务与要求。故填 should keep。 二、完成句子 11．You ________ ________ (本应该 finish) your homework ahead of time yesterday. 【答案】should have finished 【解析】考查情态动词虚拟用法。句意：你昨天本应该提前完成自己的家庭作业。should have done表本应做却未做。故填should have finished。 12．It is necessary that students ________ (develop) good habits in their daily study. 【答案】(should) develop 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：学生在日常学习中养成良好习惯是十分有必要的。It is necessary that从句用虚拟结构。故填(should) develop。 13．If I were you, I ________ (seize) every chance to improve my English skills. 【答案】would seize 【解析】考查虚拟语气主句。句意：如果我是你，我会抓住每一次机会提升英语能力。与现在事实相反，主句用would do。故填would seize。 14．He ________ (不可能去过) Beijing, for he knows nothing about the city. 【答案】can’t have been to 【解析】考查情态动词完成式。句意：他不可能去过北京，因为他对这座城市一无所知。对过去经历的否定推测。故填can’t have been to。 15．We wish we ________ (know) how to protect traditional culture better in the past. 【答案】had known 【解析】考查wish虚拟语气。句意：我们多希望过去能更好地了解如何保护传统文化。对过去事实虚拟用过去完成时。故填had known。 16．If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you ________ (make) such a serious mistake. 【答案】wouldn’t have made 【解析】考查if虚拟语气。句意：如果你听从了老师的建议，就不会犯这么严重的错误。与过去事实相反，主句用would have done。故填wouldn’t have made。 17．It’s high time that we ________ (pay) more attention to physical health in daily life. 【答案】paid 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们是时候在日常生活中多关注身体健康了。It’s high time后从句用一般过去时表虚拟。故填paid。 18．You ________ (be) tired now after working on this task for a whole afternoon. 【答案】must be 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：你为这个任务忙了一下午，现在一定很累了。对现在情况肯定推测用must do。故填must be。 19．The teacher suggested that everyone ________ (keep) a diary in English to improve writing skills. 【答案】(should) keep 【解析】考查宾语从句虚拟语气。句意：老师建议每个人用英语写日记来提升写作技能。suggest后从句用(should) do。故填(should) keep。 20．Without your support and encouragement, I ________ (achieve) nothing in my studies. 【答案】would have achieved 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气。句意：没有你的支持与鼓励，我在学习上会一事无成。暗含与过去相反，用would have done。故填would have achieved。 三、英汉互译 21．你本应该积极参与课堂活动，这有助于提升你的表达能力。（should have done）（汉译英） 【答案】You should have taken an active part in class activities to improve your expression ability. 【解析】考查情态动词虚拟语气。should have done表本应做却未做，是高考写作高频句型。故译为：You should have taken an active part in class activities to improve your expression ability. 22．如果我们充分利用时间，我们就能取得更大的学习进步。（if虚拟语气）（汉译英） 【答案】If we made full use of time, we would make greater progress in our study. 【解析】考查虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，从句用过去时，主句用would do，贴合写作语境。故译为：If we made full use of time, we would make greater progress in our study. 23．是我们摒弃拖延、认真对待每一次学习机会的时候了。（It is high time that）（汉译英） 【答案】It is high time that we abandoned procrastination and valued every study chance. 【解析】考查虚拟语气固定句型。该句型从句用一般过去时，为高考写作加分句式。故译为：It is high time that we abandoned procrastination and valued every study chance. 24．没有老师的耐心指导，我们本无法克服诸多学习难题。（含蓄虚拟语气）（汉译英） 【答案】Without teachers’ patient guidance, we couldn’t have overcome many study difficulties. 【解析】考查含蓄虚拟语气。couldn’t have done表过去本无法完成，适配高考写作。故译为：Without teachers’ patient guidance, we couldn’t have overcome many study difficulties. 25．老师建议我们多阅读经典，以此丰富知识、拓宽视野。（suggest虚拟从句）（汉译英） 【答案】Teachers suggest that we (should) read more classics to enrich knowledge and broaden horizons. 【解析】考查虚拟语气。suggest表建议，宾语从句用(should) do结构，适配高考写作。故译为：Teachers suggest that we (should) read more classics to enrich knowledge and broaden horizons. 26．我真希望我上次考试没有犯那么多愚蠢的错误。（wish虚拟语气）（汉译英） 【答案】I wish I hadn’t made so many silly mistakes in the last exam. 【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish对过去情况虚拟，从句用had done结构，为高考高频句式。 27．如果我是你，我会抓住每一个机会练习英语口语。（if虚拟语气）（汉译英） 【答案】If I were you, I would seize every chance to practice oral English. 【解析】考查虚拟语气。对现在情况虚拟，从句用一般过去时，主句用would do。 28．你过马路时应该更加小心，避免发生意外。（情态动词should）（汉译英） 【答案】You should be more careful when crossing the street to avoid accidents. 【解析】考查情态动词。should表建议或责任，句式简洁，适合高考书面表达使用。 29．We should value every minute and make full use of time to improve ourselves.（情态动词should）（英译汉） 【答案】我们应该珍惜每一分钟，充分利用时间来提升自我。 【解析】考查情态动词。should表示建议与责任，翻译时直接体现“应该”即可。 30．如果以前努力学习，我现在就能轻松跟上老师的节奏了。（混合虚拟语气）（汉译英） 【答案】If I had studied hard before, I could keep up with my teacher easily now. 【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句过去、主句现在的混合虚拟，是高考常考难点句型。 短文语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. A Compendium of Materia Medica (《本草纲目》), written by Li Shizhen during the Ming Dynasty, is a remarkable masterpiece in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Completed in 1578 after 27 years of painstaking efforts, this great work 1 (represent) the pinnacle (巅峰之作) of ancient Chinese medical knowledge. The book, 2 consists of 52 volumes and about 1. 9 million Chinese characters, systematically classifies 1,892 kinds of medicinal materials into 16 major categories and 60 sub-categories (子类目). Each entry details the name, origin, properties, functions, and preparation methods of the herbs, 3 (accompany) by 1,160 vivid illustrations, making it easier for readers 4 (identify) them. For example, it corrects errors in previous medical texts 5 adds many newly-discovered herbs, greatly enriching 6 content of materia medica. Li Shizhen’s achievement is far-reaching. His 7 (innovate) classification system, based on the natural properties of medicine, became an important cornerstone of modern biological taxonomy (分类学), preceding (先于) Linnaeus’ Systema Naturae 8 over a century and a half. The compendium also provides abundant information for research in various fields, such as botany, zoology, and pharmacology (药理学). Translated into multiple languages, Compendium of Materia Medica has 9 (significant) influenced the development of medicine worldwide. In 2011, it was inscribed on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register, further 10 (highlight) its global value. Even today, it remains a precious resource for traditional Chinese medicine practitioners and researchers. 【答案】 1．represents 2．which 3．accompanied 4．to identify 5．and 6．the 7．innovative 8．by 9．significantly 10．highlighting 【导语】文章介绍了《本草纲目》这部伟大的传世之作。 1．represents 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：经过27年的艰苦努力，于1578年完工，这部伟大的著作代表了中国古代医学知识的巅峰。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填represents。 2．which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这本书由52卷组成，约190万字，系统地将1892种药材分为16个大类和60个子类目。空格引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The book，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。 3．accompanied 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每个条目详细介绍了草药的名称、来源、性质、功效和制备方法，并配有1160幅生动插图，让读者更容易识别它们。Each entry与accompany为被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填accompanied。 4．to identify 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每个条目详细介绍了草药的名称、来源、性质、功效和制备方法，并配有1160幅生动插图，让读者更容易识别它们。固定搭配make it easier for sb. to do sth.，不定式作真正宾语。故填to identify。 5．and 【解析】考查并列连词。句意：例如，它纠正了以前医学文献中的错误，并添加了许多新发现的草药，极大地丰富了本草的内容。前后两个谓语动作为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。 6．the 【解析】考查定冠词。句意：例如，它纠正了以前医学文献中的错误，并添加了许多新发现的草药，极大地丰富了本草的内容。此处特指本草的内容，用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 7．innovative 【解析】考查形容词。句意：他基于药物天然特性的创新分类体系，成为了现代生物分类学的重要基石，其出现时间比林奈的《自然系统》早了超过一个半世纪。空处修饰名词短语，需用形容词，innovate的形容词形式为innovative。故填innovative。 8．by 【解析】考查介词固定搭配。句意：他基于药物天然特性的创新分类体系，成为了现代生物分类学的重要基石，其出现时间比林奈的《自然系统》早了超过一个半世纪。固定搭配precede…by + 时间段，表“比……早一段时间”。故填by。 9．significantly 【解析】考查副词。句意：《本草纲目》被翻译成多种语言，对全球医学的发展产生了重大影响。空处修饰动词influenced，需用副词作状语，significant的副词形式为significantly。故填significantly。 10．highlighting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：2011年，它被列入联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》，进一步突显了其全球价值。主语it与highlight为主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填highlighting。 B When we think of wildlife protection, we often picture big, famous animals like pandas or elephants. 1 , many small creatures play an equally important role in nature. Take beetles, for example. These tiny insects help break down dead wood and animal waste, 2 (keep) the forest clean. Without them, the soil would be far 3 (poor) in nutrients. 4 (luckily), beetles and other small wildlife are often ignored in conservation plans. This is partly because they are not as “cute” as larger animals, and partly because people know little about 5 (they) living habits. As a result, some beetle species 6 (disappear) at an alarming rate in the past decade. The good news is that more scientists are now realizing the importance of these hidden helpers. Some nature reserves have set up special monitoring programs to protect small insects. Everyone can also contribute by leaving some fallen leaves or wood in gardens, 7 provides natural homes for beetles. After all, 8 (protect) wildlife means protecting every part of the ecosystem, no matter how small it is. So next time you see a beetle, remember — it is not just a bug; it is 9 hero working quietly for the planet. If we want a healthy forest, we must give these little 10 (creature) a chance to survive. 【答案】 1．However 2．keeping 3．poorer 4．Unluckily 5．their 6．have disappeared 7．which 8．protecting 9．a 10．creatures 【导语】文章主要说明了人们常重视大型野生动物，却忽视甲虫等小生物。它们助力生态循环，如今正快速消亡，各界开始重视保护，守护小动物方能维系完整生态。 1．However 【解析】考查副词。句意：然而，许多小型生物在自然界中也发挥着同样重要的作用。上下文为转折关系，置于句首表示转折，故填However。 2．keeping 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些微小的昆虫能够帮助分解枯木和动物的排泄物，从而保持森林的清洁。主语与keep为主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填keeping。 3．poorer 【解析】考查比较级。句意：如果没有它们，土壤中的养分含量将会大打折扣。far修饰比较级，表示程度，故填poorer。 4．Unluckily 【解析】考查副词。句意：不幸的是，在保护计划中，甲虫以及其他小型野生动物常常被忽视。修饰整个句子用副词，置于句首首字母大写。故填Unluckily。 5．their 【解析】考查代词。句意：这在一定程度上是因为它们不像体型较大的动物那样“可爱”，同时也因为人们对它们的生活习性知之甚少。修饰名词habits用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 6．have decreased 【解析】考查时态。句意：因此，在过去十年里，一些甲虫物种的数量急剧减少，情况令人担忧。in the past decade为现在完成时标志，主语为复数。故填have decreased。 7．which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：每个人也可以做出自己的贡献，比如在花园里留下一些落叶或枯枝，这样就能为甲虫提供天然的栖息地。先行词指前面整件事，用which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。 8．Protecting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，保护野生动物就意味着要保护整个生态系统的每一个部分。此处作句子主语，表示抽象动作，用动名词。故填Protecting。 9．a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：所以下次你见到甲虫时，请记住——它并非普通的昆虫；它是一位默默为地球奉献的英雄。hero为可数名词单数，表泛指，辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．creatures 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：如果我们想要拥有一片健康的森林，就必须给这些小生物一个生存的机会。these后接可数名词复数。故填creatures。 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $